The Real Truth about Lies

Transcription

1 OBJECTIVES Unit 11 The Real Truth about Lies 1. Learn 107 new words and expressions and some special language points 2. Grasp the main idea and structure of the texts 3. Discuss the reasons why we do not always tell the truth 4. Analyze the rhetorical feature: Exemplification 5. Write: Why we do not always tell the truth 6. Speak and listen Procedures I. Warming up Warming up Memorable quotations Pre-reading questions Background information Watch & Discuss Rhetorical features Exemplification Speaking & Listening Oral activities; Phonetic training; Listening Text Analysis Text comprehension Structure and ideas Sentence explanation New words and expressions Writing Why we do not always tell the truth After-class tasks Text II; Dictation; Memorable quote Pre-reading questions Background information Watch & Discuss I. Warming up _ Pre-reading questions Memorable Quote While all deception requires secrecy, all secrecy is not meant to deceive. Sissela Bok How would you feel if somebody lied to you for your own good? Words and phrases suggested well-intended / be blinded by /sweet / sober mind / objective view / reason for 1

2 I. Warming up _ Pre-reading questions I. Warming up _ Background information - Para.11 For your reference First, I would accept the lie as a wellintended one and the "liar" as a person who just tries to be kind to me. Second, I would not be blinded by the lie no matter how sweet it sounds. I would try to keep a sober mind and an objective view of myself. Third, I would try to find out the reason for the lie; if it were my problem, I would correct it. Sir Walter Scott ( ) A prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time. His novels and poetry are still read, and many of his works remain classics of both English-language literature and of Scottish literature. his notable novels are: Waverley (1814), Ivanhoe (1820) and Kenilworth (1821) I. Warming up _ Background information - Para.12 Sissela Bok (1934 ) A Swedish-born philosopher and ethicist, the daughter of two Nobel Prize winners: Gunnar Myrdal who won the Economics prize with Friedrich Hayek in 1974, and Alva Myrdal who won the Nobel Peace Prize in She was awarded the Courage of Conscience award on April 24, 1991 Sissela Bok is currently a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard School of Public Health. I. Warming up _ Background information - Para.15 Mark Twain ( ) Samuel Langhorne Clemens, the pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist. Twain is most noted for his novels Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which has since been called the Great American Novel,[4] and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. I. Warming up _ Background information - Para.15 Twain is extensively quoted. During his lifetime, Twain became a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty. He enjoyed immense public popularity. His keen wit and incisive satire earned him praise from both critics and peers. William Faulkner called Twain "the father of American literature". I. Warming up _ Watch and discussion Let s watch an episode of film and discuss why people tell lies. 2

3 II. Text II. Text learning _ Introduction to the text II. Text Learning Introduction to the Text This text discusses the serious consequence of telling white or nice lies. The writer first introduces the result of two surveys on middle school and university students and some residents, among whom the proportion of telling lies is very high, over 90%. The common reason of telling white lies is to avoid hurting people s feeling. II. Text learning _ Text comprehension II. Text learning _ Text comprehension 1. What does Professor Bella DePaulo's study indicate about lying? What do most people think about lying? Professor DePaulo's study suggests that lying is a common phenomenon and most of the lies we tell are small, insignificant. She also points out that different sexes lie for different reasons, but nobody that lies suffers from a guilty conscience. 2. Why do people tell white lies? Do you think the lies will be well received once they are exposed? According to the passage, the nature of white lies is to seek self-interest: People tell white lies basically for self-promoting purposes. White lies may have different receptions in different cultures. II. Text learning _ Text comprehension II. Text learning _ Text comprehension In western cultures as is illustrated by the example, white lies may not be well received as the people value honesty and integrity more than caring and face value; but in the eastern cultures, they may be received as a sign of concern and respect for each other's face. 3. What, according to the author, would be the consequences of lying? The consequences of lying fall into three aspects: The deceived may feel cheated and won't trust the liar any more; the liar will lose trust from the deceived and get entangled in the lies he fabricates; and the society as a whole would falter and collapse as its members do not trust each other any more. 3

4 II. Text learning _ Text comprehension II. Text learning _ Structure of the text 4. Are all white lies unacceptable? What is the yardstick of acceptable lies? Not all white lies are unacceptable. Some falsehoods like setting somebody up for a surprise party or telling children about the tooth fairy can be justified. However, you have to consider the attitude of the deceived towards lying and the consequences, i. e., whether your act will undermine his trust in you. Structure of the Text Part 1: Paragraphs 1-6 Part 2: Paragraphs 7-11 Part 3: Paragraphs Part 4: Paragraphs II. Text learning _ Structure of the text This text is of journalistic style. The whole passage is divided into 18 paragraphs, with the shortest paragraph consisting of only one or two sentences. The writer introduces the topic by giving the results of two surveys. Then he airs his opinion on the consequences of telling lies. In the end, he discusses which lies are to be avoided. Part 1 Let s listen to and read Part 1 of the text (Paras.1-6) Main Idea of Part 1 The writer introduces the topic by reporting two survey results, which show that telling lies is very common among people. At the university of Virginia, psychology professor Bella Depaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project. (L1, Para.1) Bella Depaulo Psychology profa social scientist (PhD, Harvard) and the author of SINGLED OUT: How Singles Are Stereotyped, Stigmatized, and Ignored, and Still Live Happily Ever After. 4

5 What do we know about the unusual project led by Bella Depaulo at the University of Virginia? Subjects/Participants: 77 university students and 70 townspeople Sampling method: convenience (Subjects volunteer for the project) Procedure: Subjects kept diaries for a week, recording the numbers and details of the lies they told. Results: (1) One student and 6 Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods. (5%) (2) The other 140 participants told 1535 lies. (95%) (3) Most lies are not earth-shattering ones. People just want to pretend to be more positive or supportive of or feign agreement with somebody. (4) Women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the other s feelings. Conclusion: This attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common. (5) Men lied to other men generally for self-promoting reasons. (6) Strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousandlies reported that their deceptions caused them little preoccupation or regret. One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehood. (L1, Para.2) profess: to affirm openly; declare or claim; to teach e.g. She professed that she could do nothing unaided. We never profess to be aloof from politics and material pursuit. He professes chemistry. 他教授化学 -fess-(= to speak) confess professor profession The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering.(l1, Para. 3) Can you analyze the syntactic structure of the predicative clause? shatter: to cause to break or burst suddenly into pieces e.g. The bottle will shatter if you drop it. The outcome of the conflict shattered our dreams of peace and prosperity. 5

6 Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousandlies reported that their deceptions caused them little preoccupation or regret. (L1, Para.4) Are you shocked with this finding? preoccupation: absorption of the attention or intellect e.g. His main preoccupation at that time is to get enough to eat. He always takes his preoccupation with the educational cause. Might that, too, be a lie? (L.2, Para. 4) Is it possible to consider that also a lie? What does that refer to? The lie-tellers reported that their deceptions caused them little preoccupation or regret. But there is evidence that this attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common. (L3, Para. 4) Can you distinguish between the real reason and the prevarication? Do you accept the prevarication from a good friend? 20,000 middle- and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics (L1, Para.5) Can you describe the survey made by the Josephson Institute of Ethics? Subjects: 20,000 middle- and highschoolers Sampling method: not mentioned. Data-collecting instrument: not mentioned. Maybe a questionnaire Results: (1) 92% of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year. (2) 73% characterized themselves as serial liars, meaning they told lies weekly. (3) Despite these admissions, 91% of all respondents said they were satisfied with my own ethics and character. middle schoolers: Here it refers to students from a school including grades 5 8 or 6-8, which is similar to a junior high school in China. High-schoolers: Here it refers to those in a school including grades 9-12 or (especially in the U. S.), similar to a senior high school in China. 6

7 Word comparison ethic: a theory or a system of moral values e.g. Consumption activities closely relate to the state of social ethic. This position needs a person who has a strong work ethic, the ability to work independently. Ethics deals with moral conduct. What kind of institute is the Josephson Institute of Ethics? It is a nonprofit organization in California, devoted to character education. ethnic: of sizable groups of people sharing a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage e.g. China has been a united multi-ethnic country since ancient times. What are often-heard-lies? I ll call you. The check is in the mail. I m sorry, but he stepped out. What professions seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients needs? Lawyers; Pundits; Public relations consultants. Part 2 Main Idea of Part 2 Let s listen to and read Part 2 of the text (Paras.7-11) By citing an example in this part, the writer goes on to explain that telling little white lies is a common practice and the reasons for telling such lies are familiar we do not want to hurt others. 7

8 Little white lies have become ubiquitous. (L.1, Para.7) What are little white lies? Little white lies are those harmless lies that are told so as not to hurt someone else. Can you retell Tom s story? Tom is a corporate executive. He goes with his wife and son to his motherin-law s home for a holiday dinner every year. He dislikes her special pumpkin pie intensely. However, invariably he tells her how wonderful it is, to avoid hurting her feelings. How does Michael Josephson, president of the Josephson Institute like Tom s white lie? We should consider the lie from his mother-in-law s point of view. If one day Tom s child blurts out the truth, and she discovers the deceit. She wouldn t say, Thank you for caring so much. She is more likely to feel hurt by saying How could you have misled me all these years? What else have you lied to me about? She might also suspect about her own daughter. She might believe Tom s son also tells lies to his parents. Do you think a white lie may invite such resentment and distrust? Why or why not? Surely, these nice lies are harmless and well-intended, a necessary social lubricant. (L2, Para.11) According to the writer, what could be considered "nice lies? Complimenting people on their appearance; Expressing appreciation for gifts ; When we don t really mean it. 8

9 What is the writer s opinion on Tom s case? He does not support Tom s telling the white lie by citing Sir Scott s remark What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive. "What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive"? (L4, Para. 11) When we tell a fib, very likely we will have to tell more lies to cover up the lie we have told. One lie will lead to more lies. Then we will get ourselves entangled with the web we weave. II. Text learning _ Part 3 In the previous sentence, the author says nice lies are a necessary social lubricant, but here he quotes the word deceive to indicate nice lies. Do you think this argumentation holds water? Part 3 Let s listen to and read Part 3 of the text (Para ) II. Text learning _ Part 3 II. Text learning _ Part 3 Main Idea of Part 3 This part deals with the consequences of telling lies. Even seemingly harmless falsehoods can have unforeseen consequences. (L1, Para.12) What is the grave consequence of telling harmless lies? They can put us on a slippery slope. After the first lies, others can come more easily. Psychological barriers wear down. 9

10 II. Text learning _ Part 3 II. Text learning _ Part 3 The ability to make more distinctions can coarsen. The liar s perception of his chances of being caught may warp. The ubiquitousness of lies may cause people to be distrustful of each other. The consequence is leading to the collapse of the whole society. Psychological barriers wear down;... ( L4, Para.12) What is the psychological barrier? A mental structure that impedes free expression of one s intention. One is less inhibited from lying; II. Text learning _ Part 3 II. Text learning _ Part 3 the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; ( L4, Para.12) What kind of distinctions is referred to here? Distinctions between falsehood and truth. the liar s perception of his chances of being caught may warp. ( L5, Para.12) the liar may become less cautious against being caught. his ability to tell the truth from the falsehood is dulled; wear down to reduce or become weaker until useless e.g. Little drops of water wear down big stones. We hope your persuasion will wear down his opposition. warp to twist; bias; To turn from a correct or proper course e.g. The wooden frame warped in the humidity. Years of imprisonment warped his disposition. 长年的囚禁生活把他的性格扭曲了 The newspaper warped his story. 该报扭曲了他的话 10

11 II. Text learning _ Part 3 II. Text learning _ Part 3 Who believes itanymore when they re told that the person they want to reach by phone is in a meeting? (L.1, Para.14) What does it refer to here? How many dependent clauses in the sentence and what syntactic functions do they play? Once they ve become common enough, even the small untruths that are not meant to hurt encourage a certain cynicism and loss of trust. (L1, Para.15) When it becomes common enough to tell small lies, even the small harmless ones will induce doubt and distrust. Can this lie arouse your anger? Cynicism Modern cynicism is a distrust toward professed ethical and social values, especially when there are high expectations concerning society, institutions and authorities which are unfulfilled. Cynicism can manifest itself as a result of frustration, disillusionment, and distrust perceived as due to organizations, authorities and other aspects of society. e.g. His report was permeated with cynicism. 他的报告通篇都是愤世疾俗的挖苦 For now, however, such cynicism is misplaced. 但是在目前, 冷嘲热讽不太合适 The public cynicism was aroused by governmental scandals. 政府丑闻引起公众的怀疑讥讽 Have faith in people. Cynicism sours the disposition. 信任人们吧 讥刺会丑化自己的人格 II. Text learning _ Part 4 II. Text learning_ Part 4 Part 4 Main Idea of Part 4 Let s listen to and read Part 3 of the text (Para ) In this part, the writer discusses whether lies should be avoided at all costs. 11

12 II. Text learning _ Part 4 II. Text learning _ Part 4 an exchange of what ethicist refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring, (L2, Para.16) What does this noun phrase mean? The rule of honesty is violated so as to establish the principle of showing love and care. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring. (L1, Para.16) Those lies that are most understandable and acceptable are based on what moralists call the principle of love and care rather than that of trust. II. Text learning _ Part 4 II. Text learning _ Part 4 the tooth fairy (L3, Para.16) The tooth fairy is a figure in Western fairy tales that is said to take children s milk teeth after they fall out and leave a coin under their pillow. Josephson suggests a simple test. (L1, Para. 17) What is his test like? If someone you lie to finds out the truth, will he thank you for caring? Or will he fell his long-term trust in you has been undermined? II. Text learning _ Part 4 II. Text learning _ Part 4 undermine to weaken by wearing away a base or foundation e.g. Water has undermined the stone foundations. Late hours can undermine one's health. Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb, Mark Twain has taught us a rough method of doing things, based on practical experiences. 12

13 II. Text learning _ Part 4 II. Text learning _ Part 4 rule of thumb method based only on experience e.g. He's quite untrained but he can build a greenhouse by a rule of thumb. He is a rule-of-thumb photographer. 他是一个靠经验摄影的摄影家 When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends. What is in doubt? Why will telling the truth confound your enemies and astound your friends? II. Text learning _ Part 4 II. Text learning _ Bew words and expressions confound to cause to become confused or perplexed; to fail to distinguish; to make (something bad) worse e.g. Our clever tactics confounded our opponents. Do not confound the means with the ends. Do not confound the problem by losing your temper. 1. profess v. to make a claim ( of / about) Examples 美国许多妇女声称他们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满 Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status of secondclass citizens. word root: fess = to speak confess, confession( 忏悔 ), confessional ( 忏悔者 ) professor, profession, II. Text learning _ New words and expressions II. Text learning _ New words and expressions 2. feign v. to pretend to have or be; to put on a false air of Examples 当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时, 他就装疯 Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do. He feigned surprise and they all believed him. 3. spare v. to avoid doing something that would upset somebody Examples 他在伙伴中很受欢迎, 因为他总是设法不去麻烦别人 He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble. We carefully avoided mentioning the news to spare his feelings. 13

14 II. Text learning _ New words and expressions II. Text learning _ New words and expressions 4. prevarication n. the state of avoiding giving a direct answer or making a firm decision Examples 搪塞是这个商人喜欢使用的技巧之一 Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ. When we questioned the authorities on the subject, we were met by prevarication. 5. blurt out v. to say something suddenly and without thinking Examples 一时冲动之下, 他脱口说出了秘密 On the impulse of moment, he blurted out the secret. John blurted out that he dreamed of becoming a computer programmer. II. Text learning _ New words and expressions II. Text learning _ New words and expressions 6. tangled a. 7. warp v. complicated or made up of many confusing parts to (cause to) turn or twist out of shape Examples 他是一些个过于敏感和富于想象力的人, 经常在头脑里编织一张复杂的网络 Examples 你应该摆脱偏见, 抵制诱惑, 不让任何东西扭曲你的判断 Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in mind. After listening to his speech I thought his ideas and opinions were so tangled that I could not vote for him. You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment. The door must be warped. It won't close properly. New words and expressions in phrase contexts U11_1.1, B3 New words and expressions in phrase contexts U11_1.2, B3 to volunteer for a project to profess to have done sth to feign illness to feign agreement with to take one s preoccupation with topreoccupy the mind casual use of prevarication the Institute of Ethics serial liars serial pictures a political pundit to warp your judgment 自愿参加某项目 承认做了某事 装病 假装同意 一心想着 占据头脑 随便使用搪塞 伦理学院 经常撒谎的人 连环画 政治评论家 扭曲你的判断 public relations consultants to tell fibs to discover the deceit social lubricant to weave a tangled web to wear down to coarsen one s skin one s perception of tone perception to warp in the humidity a warp in time the initial deceit to deceive sb with fair words 公共关系顾问 撒小谎 发现谎言 社交手段 / 润滑剂 编织复杂的网 损耗 使皮肤粗糙 某人对 感知 音调识别 因受潮而弯曲 时间错位 第一次的谎言 用花言巧语欺骗 14

15 New words and expressions in phrase contexts the endless proliferation to proliferate nuclear weapons to encourage a cynicism to falter and collapse to falter out a few words a close associate anassociate professor to undermine one's health a rule of thumb to confound one s enemies to confound fiction and fact to astound one s friends U11_1.3, B3 无休止的增生 扩散核武器 鼓励玩世不恭 摇晃并崩溃 支支吾吾地说几句 关系亲密的同事 副教授 损害健康 经验, 法则 使敌人困或 把虚构事实与混淆 使朋友震惊 New words and expressions in phrase contexts to keep diaries six residents to be supportive of a spouse one interactions with others to spare the other s feelings for self-promoting reasons to admit having lied despite these admissions 91 percent of respondents to be specialized in sth to shape or spin the truth to become ubiquitous long-term trust U11_1.4, B3 记日记 六位市民 / 居民 支持配偶 与其他人打交道 不伤害别人的感情 为了抬高自己 承认撒过谎 尽管承认了这些 91% 的回应者 专攻某事 捏造或杜撰事实 变得无处不在 长期的信任 New words and expressions in phrase contexts a corporate executive to dislike sth intensely from sb s point of view to blurt out the truth to compliment people on sth well-intended lies seemingly harmless falsehoods unforeseen consequences to put sb on a slippery slope psychological barriers to think highly of sb forgivable lies U11_1.5, B3 公司经理 一点也不喜欢 从某人的角度 脱口说出真相 恭维别人 善意的谎言 表面无害的谎言 不可预见的后果 让某人处于危险 心理上的障碍 尊重 / 高看某人 可原谅的谎言 New words and expressions in phrase contexts to beindispensible when doing cultural boundaries to use standardized tests middle-schoolers and highschoolers the tooth fairy his notable novels to stay in concealment revelation to cite an example concrete and tangible evidence U11_1.6, B3 做某事时不可缺少 文化的分界线 使用标准化试卷 初中生与高中生 牙齿仙女 他的著名小说 躲藏起来 引用一个例子 具体和确凿的证据 New words and expressions in phrase contexts the evasion of responsibility presumption consultant to conceive a plan cover up the scandal to be set up admission to the exhibition to end his life in an institution a research institute the British consul a month-long intensive course to suffer from an intense pain on the impulse of the moment U11_1.6, B3 对责任的逃避 构想出一个计划 掩盖丑闻 展览会的门票费 在收容所死去 研究所 英国领事馆领事 一个月的强化课 遭受剧烈疼痛 一时冲动之下 New words and expressions in phrase contexts to complement her beauty to call off the concert to get over the boredom to abide by the terms of the treaty to be reduced to begging the plain fact to dress sth up to give sb the sack to brood over your failures U11_1.7, B3 为她的美丽添彩 取消音乐会 战胜厌倦感 遵守条约的条款 落到乞讨的地步 简单明了的事实 把某事伪装起来 解雇某人 念念不忘你的失败 15

16 New words and expressions in phrase contexts brutal news to uphold a promise to be guided by a precept benevolent deception to transcend the virtue of to befall patients lack of credibility a spiral of black smoke an eloquent sermon to refrain from to erode trust to erode the shore erosion of confidence in U11_2.1, B3 残忍的消息 坚守诺言 在某规则指导下 善意的欺骗 胜过 的美德 降临在病人身上 缺少信誉 螺旋形的黑烟 雄辩的说教 克制不做 侵蚀信任感 侵蚀海岸 对 信心的削弱 Old to new to make a claim to pretend to have moral principles an expert a small lie disorderedness to become weaker to twist out of shape a rapid increase belief that people are selfish U11_1.4, B3 profess feign ethics pundit fib tangle wear down warp proliferation cynicism Old to new U11_1.5, B3 the ability to see perception lose power in an uneven way falter colleague associate to damage gradually undermine to confuse confound to make surprised astound Rhetoric Features of the Text III. Rhetorical features - Exemplification III. Rhetorical features - Exemplification Exemplification Exemplification is a mode of symbolization characterized by the relation between a sample and what it refers to. Since the title of the article is "The Real Truth About Lies," the author tries his best to convince the reader of "the real truth," employing various means, one of which is the citing of an example where one can see an organization, or a specific person, usually an authority in some fields, or one or more than one definite figures, or two elements or even three elements. The very first paragraph provides evidence. 16

17 III. Rhetorical features - Exemplification III. Rhetorical features - Exemplification It is an example in which one sees an institution, the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, a specific person, psychology professor Bella DePaulo, and definite figures of 77 and 70 respectively placed before students and townspeople. The evidence looks so concrete, tangible, solid and scientific that it is most likely to impress the reader. Another example is: 20,000 middle- and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics a nonprofit organization in Marina del Rey, California. (Paragraph 5) The third example: Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that... (Paragraph 12) IV. Writing Instruction Why we do not always tell the truth Write an essay of no less than 300 words, making a comparison between your mother in their ways of educating you as their child. IV. Writing Why we do not always tell the truth I readily agree with the author when he says, "To tell the truth is not always essential. On some occasions it is necessary to tell lies and it is not right to tell the truth." It is commonly held that to tell the truth shows one's moral integrity and to tell lies betrays one's moral blemishes. I appreciate the idea that honesty is the best policy. A cunning man may reap some gains with the help of falsehoods, but actually lose IV. Writing much more. Once one has learnt to cheat others for gains, he has started his gradual descent in morality, and it is very hard for him to regain the moral height he once stayed at. If one has fostered the habit of telling lies, he has placed himself on a slippery slope and may fall into a deep pit at any moment. But is it absolutely true that one has to tell the truth on all occasions without exceptions? As to this question, I should say, "No." In reality, there are still some exceptions where you may 17

18 IV. Writing IV. Writing order to make others feel more comfortable or where you may distort the truth a bit in order not to cause any unnecessary trouble, which could be a hindrance to your happiness or a threat to your life. Suppose there happens a tragic coincidence: an old lady is at the stage of terminal suffering, and her only son has just been killed in a car accident. The report of her son's death to the old lady would definitely add more suffering to her and hasten the arrival of the termination of her life. In this case, more often than not, we see that people tell a lie instead of the truth to the old lady. They might say that her son has gone to some faraway place to attend to something extremely important assigned by the state and could not possibly return to her bedside within a few days. To illustrate the point of telling a lie to spare trouble, here is a typical instance where people might see the minor distortion of the truth. When there are two candidates IV. Writing IV. Writing for a great office left vacant by the death of the precedent, the less lucky of the two is often told heaps of merits instead of demerits, which would ultimately make him feel comfortable, thinking that his own merits would sooner or later carry him much further than the office for which he used to be a candidate. Despite all the possible exceptions where one tends to resort to falsehoods, I deem it advisable to tell the truth whenever possible, and I just want to reiterate the idea that honesty is the best policy, unless we are caught in exceptional cases. Speaking and Listening V. Speaking and Listening Oral activities Topic for discussion: Would you lie in a job interview? Do you often meet prevarication when you ask for something? Instruction: Role-play for the first topic and group work for the second topic. 18

19 V. Speaking and Listening Phonetic Training He's in here. Jesus. - How you all doing? - Not again, Carlson. - The guy body-slammed ( 猛击 ) me, sir. - Maybe he likes you. - Get him out of here. What were you thinking? That's not smart. Get him out of here. Come on. Get him out. - What happened up there? V. Speaking and Listening U4-B3 Listening comprehension Listen to the material titled A medical question should doctors always tell the truth? and fill in the table on Page 169. VI. After-class tasks Do the dictation. Free from Debt Trouble Read Text II and write a summary. Collection of Sayings Finish all the exercises in Unit 11 Try to remember new words in Unit