MUHAMMAD WOLFGANGG. A. SCHMIDT

Transcription

1 MUHAMMAD WOLFGANGG. A. SCHMIDT EIGHTEEN CHINESE TEXTS IN ARTS ULTURE,, CITY LIFE IFE, AND CULTURE EDUCATION AND FAMILY AND FRIENDS AN INTENSIVE COURSE IN READING COMPREHENSION 2015

2 Acknowledgments: The Chinese original texts and the originl audio files were taken from the website of where they are freely available for download for a small fee. The Chinese original texts were originally supplied by various Chinese authors as native speakers of Chinese; for the individual Chinese texts contained in this volume, they are listed as original contributors as follows: Joanna Hsu: Texts 1-9, Emily Fang: Text 10 Alice Yue: Text 11 Ye Xiaojun: Text 12 Chun Juan: Texts Links

3 III List of Contents Preface V Introduction VII Arts and Culture 1-88 Text 1: Cabbage 3 Text 2: Classics 14 Text 3: You Love Me 32 Text 4: Lust 43 Text 5: Nun 58 Text 6: Buddhism 77 City Life Text 7: Bikes 91 Text 8: Disappearing Neighbourhoods 113 Text 9: Dogs 127 Text 10: Roads 152 Text 11: Women In White 166 Education Text 12: Peking Univeersity (Beida) 181 Text 13: At University 194 Text 14: Textbooks 204 Family and Friends Text 15: Father and Son 217 Text 16: Modern Wedding 229 Text 17: Online Lovers 244 Text 18: Sons 258 Activities Activities 1: Parallel Chinese-English Texts Texts 1-6: Arts and Culture 273 Texts 7-11: City Life 280 Texts 12-14: Education 286 Texts 15-18: Family and Friends 288 Activities 2: Cloze Exercises and Text Paragraph and Sentence Matching Texts 1-6: Arts and Culture 293 Answer Key 297 Texts 7-11: City Life 298 Answer Key 301 Texts 12-14: Education 302 Answer Key 304 Texts 15-18: Family and Friends 305 Answer Key 308

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5 V Preface There are several instances of textbooks for foreigners studying Chinese that have fictitious characters in the lessons talking to each other and eventually doing things together. These will be mainly textbooks covering the spoken part of the modern Chinese language, with situational settings like At the Post Office, Asking for the Way to the Railway Station, In the Hotel, Changing Money, and so on. From such situational settings in the lessons, the vocabulary, grammar structures and the language use is introduced to the learner to make him practice and use the language in similar situations of communication on his own. In practice, this means that that the overall objective of such lessons in a textbook is to enable the learner to perform certain basic communicative language tasks limited to such situational settings. Mastering a situational communicative language task like Asking for the way to the Railway Station may enable the learner to ask the way to the railway station and even understand the information he is given how to get there in a reply from a helpful cititzen. However, it may not necessarily enable him to talk about the weather or to make complaint to the police about a rude taxi driver. Furthermore, the actual language used in such lesson conversations may also be rather limited in terms of the structures and vocabulary used, while there may be alternative, other vocabulary and grammtical structures that may be used as well and would add a flair of vividness to such a conversation that otherwise may sound a bit too bookish. ain body Language is a living organism allowing various means of expressing an idea in a number of ways, depending on the age, the social and regional background, and finally the mood of a speaker. If this is correct, we may be lead to conclude that the basic linguistic units to be taught to students of a foreign language are not merely single words, characters or grammatical structures used in a certain text and certain situational settings. As language for the purpose of interhuman communication, either written and in spoken, use is always, we should look at the contexts within which certain language is being used and at larger linguistic units in which a certain sequence of sentencea with words and its grammatical patterns actually appear. These larger linguistic texts units are, consisting of an indefinite number of sentences, eventually devided into sub-sections like paragraphs of a text, focusing on a certain topic. The order of sentences in such a text depends on logical divisions introduction such as, conclusion, and that are content-related and of a non-linguistic nature. Learning a foreign language and being able to achieve a stage of proficiency where the learner can freely communicate successfully about any topic, not limited only to those in a textbook, is best being done by observing language used in context for a wider ranger of communicative purposes on a wider range of topics and a variety of situational settings. Hence, the study of larger linguistic units, the texts. both spoken and written, is of vital importance in the foreign language learning process, based on materials that are not bookish, with interesting and challenging topics that relate to the current world of real life and thus are not only authentic in terms of their contents but also authentic in terms of the language used. This book is an intensive Chinese reading comprehension course, consisting of eighteen texts for learners of Chinese as a foreign language at upper elementary and lower intermediate level (roughly corresponding to a proficiency level between 1 and 3 of the 汉语水平考试 Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì (HSK) or CHINESE PROFICIENCY Test in Mainland China). The materials in this textbook on Chinese Reading Comprehension have been taken from represented by Dr. David Porter, University of Michigan, and his team. We gratefully acknowledge the origins of these texts from that source and feel highly indebted to David Porter and his team for permission to use a selection opf them in this book. We have added Roman Hanyu Pinyin transcription to these brief Chinese texts as well as comprehensive Chinese-English word glossary notes, writing instructions on Chinese charac-

6 VI ters as well as a number of activities for practice and exercise in the latter part of the book. The reason for selecting the texts from that website source and bringing them together in this textbook mainly is that they meet all the criteria for authentic texts listed above and that it is not easy, if not impossible, to find other texts meeting the same criteria in the worldwide web. This textbook focuses on the skills of reading comprehension of Chinese written texts for learners at at competency level between an upper elementary and lower intermediate learning stage with at least one year of Chinese language studies at university level or equivalent completed, already knowing the basics of modern Chinese grammar and a solid knowledge of the structure of the Chinese script and the ability to locate unknown characters in a Chinese character dictionary or other suitable lexicological reference media. receptive A clear-cut division between (listening and reading comprehension in spoken and written productive languager, respectively) and (speaking and writing skills in producing language as a speaker or writer, respectively) practical language skills is very often impossible and may only work in theory as in practice more than often receptive and productive language skills interact, especially at the lower stages of language learning process and language proficiency. For the written texts used in this book, we have therefore additionally included basic information on all the Chinese characters used in the texts, their pronunciation in Pinyin and basic meaning in English, as well as their radical category to which the character belongs, and the stroke order of the same. For each text, therefore, a comprehensive list with all the essential basic information on the Chinese characters has been incuded as well. Furher details on how to work with this book and its contents Introduction can be found in the that should be read carefully before using this book, Preface and which follows this. Good luck and best wishes of success in your endeavours to master the beautiful and fascinating Chinese language with its rich cultural heritage of many thousand years! 2015 THE COMPILER

7 VII Introduction A. Topics of texts in this book for practising and training Chinese reading comprehension are drawn from four major areas that again cover a number of associated sub-topics within each major topic area: B. The main part of the book covers the 18 texts and addional study aids that are needed to understand of what the text is about and what is actually being said. This presentation part for each of these 18 texts includes the following components outlined below. B.1 The plain Chinese text. In this initial section, it is only the plain Chinese text that can be used to read while listening to the respective sound file respectively with the text being read aloud. The symbol to the left indicates that this is a text for which a sound file is available and can be played on an appropriate sound output device. B.2 The next section adds Roman Hanyu Pinyin transcription to the plain Chinese texts. It will allow the user to study the text with pronunciation indicated for each Chinese character if reading plain Chinese text without the same appears too demanding for the user first. He can later turn to the plain Chinese text when he feels more convenient to do so after using the text version with pronunciation aids. Sound output is available as well in this section for Texts This applies to Texts 1-11 only; Hanyu Pinyin Roman transcription throughout the text will be replaced later by a complete word list with characters and Pinyin transcription from Texts There is no sound output available here.

8 VIII B3. The next section presents a comprehensive Chinese-English glossary of all words occuring in the Chinese text. The order of entries in this list is according to the order of occurence of the word in the Chinese text and includes the Chinese character version, its transcription in Hanyu Pinyin, followed by notes on its respective English meaning definitions, and some other information on the word class the item belongs to and its frequency of occurence in the worldwide web, which may have some impacts on its relevance for learning this word. B4. The fourth section of the presentation part of the book presents a synopsis of Chinese characters used in the text. In the column on the outer left, you will find the Chinese character entry with Roman Pinyin transcription at the bottom of the character in the square. The next column to the right (and in the middle of the worksheet dispayed) contains the radical category to which the character belongs, sometimes with graphical variants of the radical indicated in brackets. The next, large column to the outer right has English meaning definitions associated with the Chinese character entry in question. The stroke order of the character entry appears below the English meaning definitions for the character in that column. C. The presentation part as outlined under (B) above is complemented by a training and exercise part calles activities. For each of the 18 texts, there are the following activitiy parts:

9 IX C1. The first activity part has a bilingual rendering for each of the 18 texts in this book. The English translation is machine-based and not an accurate translation but may give a rough impression of what the Chinese original text is about. The user/learner is expected to study both text versions carefully after the main work on the text in the presentation part of the book has been completed so that he can feel safe enough to understand most or everything of the text in question. The activity consists in improving the English version of the original Chinese text. This is to help him check whether he has completely understood the text and thus has obtained a real comprehension of it beyond the skimming level. C2. There is another activity part with Cloze exercises and Text Paragraph and Sentence Matching for each of the 18 texts collected in this book. These techniques are commonly used in testing reading comprehension, and the reply to a question on the part of the learner/user can be either correct or false. For the cloze exercise, the correct word or phrase has to be supplied in the blank spaces of the text passage so that the passage has complete information for the reader and remains meaningful after supplying the missing item. Another task is sentence/paragraph order matching according to the original Chinese text version. When correctly ordered, the text will be logical and meaningful in structure from its beginning to its end and make sense. There are answer keys for all texts; here is a sample of such an answer key on that part for group of texts 7-11:

10 X

11 1 Arts and Culture 文化

12 2

13 3 Chinese 白菜 1 Cabbage Text 白菜十分常见 可是你见过半人高的大白菜么? 上个月我才看到的 不过, 它只是用来看的, 因为它是用木头做的, 用的还是上好的木头 不看它的色, 只看它的形, 它就和真的白菜一样, 十分形象 日常生活里, 白菜可不是用来看的 再说做这么一件东西, 一定要用不少人工和时间 是不是有什么说法? 不说不知道, 一说你马上就知道 你看, 白和百, 菜和财, 有什么相通之处? 对了, 白菜就是百财, 百财就是多多发财 正是这个原因, 本身没几个钱的白菜, 一下子成了好东西 其实用点儿心不难发现, 这种表现手法在中国的日用品上很常见 一些平常的 或者不相关的事物, 只要有个好说法, 就会被用上 这不是什么大学问, 不过如果不学不问, 还真是不知道 Chinese Text and Pinyin bái 白 cài 菜 bái cài shí fēn cháng jiàn kě shì nǐ jiàn guò 白 菜 十 分 常 见 可 是 你 见 过 bàn rén gāo de dà bái cài me shàng gè yuè 半 人 高 的 大 白 菜 么? 上 个 月 wǒ cái kàn dào de bú guò tā zhǐ shì 我 才 看 到 的 不 过, 它 只 是 yòng lái kàn de yīn wèi tā shì yòng mù tóu 用来看的, 因为它是用木头 zuò de yòng de hái shì shàng hǎo de mù tóu 做 的, 用 的 还 是 上 好 的 木 头 bù kàn tā de sè zhǐ kàn tā de xíng 不 看 它 的 色, 只 看 它 的 形, tā jiù hé zhēn de bái cài yī yàng shí fēn 它 就 和 真 的 白 菜 一 样, 十 分 xíng xiàng 形象 rì cháng shēng huó lǐ bái cài kě bú shì yòng 日 常 生 活 里, 白 菜 可 不 是 用 lái kàn de zài shuō zuò zhè me yī jiàn dōng 来 看 的 再 说 做 这 么 一 件 东

14 4 xī yī dìng yào yòng bù shǎo rén gōng hé shí 西, 一 定 要 用 不 少 人 工 和 时 jiān shì bú shì yǒu shén me shuō fǎ bù 间 是 不 是 有 什 么 说 法? 不 shuō bù zhī dào yī shuō nǐ mǎ shàng jiù zhī 说不知道, 一说你马上就知 dào nǐ kàn bái hé bǎi cài hé cái 道 你 看, 白 和 百, 菜 和 财, yǒu shén me xiāng tōng zhī chǔ duì le bái 有 什 么 相 通 之 处? 对 了, 白 cài jiù shì bǎi cái bǎi cái jiù shì duō duō 菜 就 是 百 财, 百 财 就 是 多 多 fā cái zhèng shì zhè gè yuán yīn běn shēn 发 财 正 是 这 个 原 因, 本 身 méi jǐ gè qián de bái cài yī xià zi chéng 没 几 个 钱 的 白 菜, 一 下 子 成 le hǎo dōng xī 了 好 东 西 qí shí yòng diǎn ér xīn bù nán fā xiàn zhè 其 实 用 点 儿 心 不 难 发 现, 这 zhǒng biǎo xiàn shǒu fǎ zài zhōng guó de rì yòng pǐn 种表现手法在中国的日用品 shànghěn cháng jiàn yī xiē píng cháng de huò 上很常见 一些平常的 或 zhě bù xiāng guān de shì wù zhǐ yào yǒu gè 者 不 相 关 的 事 物, 只 要 有 个 hǎo shuō fǎ jiù huì bèi yòng shàng zhè bú 好 说 法, 就 会 被 用 上 这 不 shì shén me dà xué wèn bú guò rú guǒ bù 是 什 么 大 学 问, 不 过 如 果 不 xué bù wèn hái zhēn shì bù zhī dào 学 不 问, 还 真 是 不 知 道 Word List 白菜 báicài Chinese cabbage (can refer to various varieties) (specifically referring to) Chinese cabbage, Napa/Nappa cabbage, Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) 2--high [n] 十分 shífēn very, fully, extremely (adverb, cannot be an adjective) 1--very high [adv] 常见 chángjiàn commonly seen, common 1--very high [adj] 可是 kěshì but however yet 1--very high [adv,conj] 你 nǐ you (second person, singular) one, anyone, a person 1--very high [pron,n] 见过半人 bànrén half the height of a human (like growing grain) 3--medium 高 gāo high, tall (in contrast to dī 低

15 5 "low"); height (of quality, etc.) above average, top, superior, advanced of high(er) rank/degree/level (of sound) (too) loud/sharp/high {honorific} your, his/her, their (opinion, etc.) old, aged expensive, dear {colloquial, new usage} tipsy/drunk, "high" (on alcohol or drugs) (a literal translation of English "high") {chem} (of a chemical compound) "high-oxygen"; containing one more oxygen atom (as in gāoměngsuānjiǎ 高錳酸鉀 / 高锰酸钾 "potassium permanganate") {math, geometry} the altitude (like of a triangle) Gao (surname) 1--very high [adj,co,sn] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 大白菜 dàbáicài Chinese cabbage, Napa/Nappa cabbage, celery cabbage, petsai, Chinese leaf cabbage, wombok cabbage, shantung cabbage, Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis 2--high [n] 么 me (a suffix, as in shénme 甚麼 / 什么 "what?") 2--high [suf] 上 shàng on, on top of... last, the previous (like shàng [gè] xīngqīwǔ 上 [ 個 ] 星期五 "last Friday") first (in a series) go up, go up to mount, board (a vehicle) go to, leave for submit, send bolt, lock (a door, etc.) (used after a verb as a resultative ending to indicate the amount or extent reached) 1--very high [v,co,postp] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1--very high [mw] 月 yuè month moon Yue (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,sn] 我 wǒ I, me; my {written} we; our {written} our country (usu. referring to China); our country's self Wo (surname) 1--very high [pron,sn] 才 cái talent, ability, gift talented (or capable, gifted) person, talent Cai (surname) (used like 纔 / 才 ) {grammar} just (now) (indicates sth has just happened) only, only then (indicates sth happening later than expected) only in this case, only under such a condition (indicates sth happens only under a given condition) only after... (indicates sth new has happened) barely, hardly, only (indicates sth/sb is comparatively small/weak) definitely, by all means (used for emphasis/assertion, usually followed by the sentence-final particle ne 呢 ) 1--very high [n,adv,sn] 看到 kàndào (get to) see, notice 1--very high [v,vc] 不过 bùguò but, however, nevertheless 1--very high [conj] 它 tā it (third person singular, neuter) other, another1--very high [pron] 只是 zhǐshì only, merely, just; simply but, the only thing is, however 1--very high [adv] 用来 yònglái use (it) for very high [v] 看 kàn look, see, read think, view (the situation) visit, call on (friends, etc.) 1--very high [v] 因为 yīnwèi because, on account of, for (often pronounced yīnwei) 1--very high [conj] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 用 yòng use, employ, apply {formal} eat, drink Yong (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 木头 mùtou wood, timber, lumber blockhead, stupid person coffin 1--very high [n] 做 zuò work, do make, create, manufacture, produce be, become, act as, be used as write, compose play the part of, disguise oneself as hold (a celebration, like a birthday) 1--very high [v] 还是 háishi or still, nevertheless, after all, all the same (introducing a course of action chosen after considering options) it would be better to, had better (do sth); might as well 1--very high [adv] 上好 shànghǎo best-quality, first-rate, first-class 2--high [adj] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 色 sè colour look, expression, countenance kind, type, sort scene, sight, view (of merchandise, gold, etc.) quality, purity (mostly of women) good looks, attractive appearance sex, eroticism 1--very high [n] 只 zhǐ only, merely, just 1--very high [adv,conj] 形 xíng shape, form, appearance substance, entity look, appear compare

16 6 1--very high [n,v] 就和 jiùhé give in, not stick to one's principles approach twisted, curled up, shrink inward 2--high 真 zhēn real, true, genuine really, truly sincere Zhen (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 一样 yīyàng identical, alike, the same [yī yàng] a type/kind/sort of very high [adj,adv] 形象 xíngxiàng image form figure literary or artistic image imagery vivid 1--very high [n,adj] 日常 rìcháng daily, routine, everyday 1--very high [adj] 生活 shēnghuó life live, go through life exist existence, livelihood work 1--very high [n,v] 里 lǐ in, inside (as a postposition) 1--very high [adv,suf,postp] 可不是 kěbushì that's right, sure enough 2--high 再说 zàishuō put off until later, attend later furthermore, besides say or tell again talk again (phrase at the end of a letter) correspond again, write to each other again 1--very high [v] 这么 zhème this way, so 1--very high [pron] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 件 jiàn {measure word}... piece(s) of..., item (used for clothing items, pieces of luggage, implements, utensils, matters, law cases, incidents, etc.) letter, document, piece of correspondence case (of bundled goods, such as soft drinks) {pottery/porcelain manufacturing} (standard measure for clay, used for measuring the size of vases) 1--very high [n,mw] 东西 dōngxi thing creature (used to express dislike of a person or thing) 1--very high [n] 一定 yīdìng fixed, determined, definite, regular, specific certainly, definitely, surely, necessarily must, be bound to certain, particular, given a fair amount of, a good deal of, considerable; proper, due 1--very high [adj,adv] 要 yào want, need, desire demand, ask for, request must will, be going to need to, should it is necessary that..., one must... if if one hopes to..., in order to... (used in comparisons, for example 要比 yào bǐ or 比 要 bǐ...yào...), expresses a judgment/evaluation or highlights the difference important suppose that..., if, in case (yào..., yào...) either..., or... Yāo (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 不少 bùshǎo there is a lot, there are many many, quite a few, quite a lot of 1--very high [phr] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 工 gōng work, labour; worker, labourer (construction/engineering) project industry (short for gōngchéngshī 工程師 / 工程师 ) engineer man-day craftsmanship, workmanship, skill be expert at, be good at, be versed in, be skilled in (like the arts) excellent, exquisite {Chinese music} "gōng" (3rd note in the traditional Chinese musical scale gōngchěpǔ 工尺譜 / 工尺谱 ); musician 1--very high [n] 和 hé and; with together with kind, gentle, mild; (be) on good terms with, harmonious; harmony, peace {sports} (of the result of a competition) a draw, a tie Japan, Japanese He (surname) 1--very high [conj,adj,n,sn] 时间 shíjiān time 1--very high [n] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1--very high [v,auxv,sn] 什么 shénme what?; what kind of...? something, anything (used to express anger, surprise, censure or negation) (used to express disapproval or disagreement) (after a verb) for what, why (used to indicate an incomplete list) things like...; and so on, and what not in traditional characters, also written 什麼, 什麽, or 甚麽 1--very high [qu,pref] 说法 shuōfa way of saying sth, wording, formulation statement, view, theory, argument (justifiable) explanation, equitable judgment solution or settlement (agreeable to both parties of a dispute, etc.) 2--high [n] 说 shuō speak, say, talk explain, give an explanation theory, doctrine, views scold, criticize act as go-between or matchmaker, introduce refer to, hint, indicate point to 1--very high [v] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1--very high [v] 马上 mǎshàng immediately, at once, right away shortly, soon 1--very high [adv] 就 jiù then, in that case on the subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as ex-

17 7 actly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending) 1--very high [conj,adv,v] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1--very high [v] 白 bái (of colour) white (of daylight) bright, light (of facts, the truth, etc.) clear plain, blank, pure in vain, for nothing, futile, fruitless free (of charge), gratis (politically) white (symbolizing a counter-revolutionary or other undesirable political orientation) funeral give sb an unfriendly look {ethnology} the Bai national minority Bai (surname) say, state, explain {theatre} spoken parts (in a Chinese opera, etc.) {linguistics} (of Chinese text) written wrong or mispronounced dialect spoken (language), vernacular colloquial (vs literary) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 百 bǎi hundred, 100; hundredfold numerous, all kinds of, all sorts of Bai (surname) 1--very high [num,adj,sn] 菜 cài vegetables, greens canola, rapeseed (oil) dish, course (of a meal, on a menu, etc.) meal, dishes; food 1--very high [n] 财 cái wealth, money, riches, possessions 1--very high [n] 相通 xiāngtōng be interlinked, be interconnected 2--high [v] 之 zhī of (formal/literary equivalent of de 的 ) it, him, her (formal/literary direct object pronoun) {archaic} go to... Zhi (surname) 1--very high [pron,conj,v,sn] 处 chù place, location department, office {measure word} (used for places, location of buildings, etc., e.g., liǎng chù fángzi 兩處房子 / 两处房子 "houses in two locations") 1--very high [n,mw] 对 duì toward, to, facing, regarding be directed at, confront, treat, cope with opposite couple, pair (usually a man and a woman) {measure word}... pair(s) of... (used for things that come in pairs, like shoes, or for abstract dualities, as in yī duì máodùn 一對矛盾 / 一对矛盾 "a contradiction") agree, fit compare, identify, check set, adjust, synchronize (like clocks) pair up, fit together, coordinate correct, right adulterate, mix with, add, dilute (like wine with water) split in half (like profit) {literature, poetry} couplet 1--very high [adj,n,mw] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1--very high [num,adj,sn] 发 fā issue, send out, distribute launch, discharge, shoot produce, generate leave for, set out for (preceding an adjective denoting a feeling like lǎn 懶 / 懒 "lazy", ruǎn 軟 / 软 "soft", rè 熱 / 热 "hot", etc.) feel..., grow..., get... (before an adjective of colour, taste, smell, etc.) appear..., be... -ish, be... -ly, be on the... side (like fāzǐ 發紫 / 发紫 "be purplish", fāchòu 發臭 / 发臭 "be smelly", fātián 發甜 / 发甜, "be on the sweet side,", etc.) speak, utter become rich diffuse, disperse expose, open up start/begin (an action) {measure word}... round(s) of...(used for ammunition: shells, cartridges, rounds, projectiles, etc.) 1--very high [v,mw] 正 zhèng straight, upright, perpendicular main, located in the centre, central (of time) punctually, exactly at, sharp, on time impartial, honest correct, right, proper (of colour, flavour) pure normal, regular chief, principal, prime {math} positive, plus rectify, correct right, just, exactly, precisely (as a particle indicating the ongoing action of a verb) in the process of... Zheng (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,v,sn] 这个 zhège this one (person or thing) this how...!, what...! (used in exclamations) 1--very high [pron] 原因 yuányīn cause, reason 1--very high [n] 本身 běnshēn itself (mostly of an organization, unit or thing) 1--very high [pron] 没 méi not exist, not have, not be there, be without there is not not as... as not... than scarcely less than not yet did not (used like méiyǒu 沒有 / 没有 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 几 jǐ How many? a few, several, some 1--very high [num] 钱 qián money; cash coin {unit of weight} qian (approx. equivalent to 5 grams) Qian (surname) 3--medium [n,meas,sn] 一下子 yīxiàzi (used after a verb as its complement, indicates doing sth a short duration, or trying to do sth) (used after a verb as its complement, indicates a single occurrence of the action of the verb) once, one time a short while; in a short while; all at once, suddenly in one fell swoop, at one stroke, in one go 2--high [n,adv] 成了 chéngle all right, O.K. that's enough, that's fine accomplished, done has be-

18 8 come..., became very high [phr] 好 hǎo good, nice, fine good to (eat, etc.) be well, in good health (before a verb) easy to... (as a verb complement, indicates finishing or finishing satisfactorily) be done...ing, finish...ing in order to, so that, for the purpose of {regional} may, can, should, ought to (emphasizes the meaning of adjectives) very, quite, pretty much... (used before adjectives to inquire about quantity or degree) how...(long, far, etc.)? 1--very high [adj,co] 其实 qíshí actually, as a matter of fact, in reality 1--very high [adv] 点儿 diǎnr drop (of liquid) dot, speck, spot {calligraphy} dot (stroke) decimal point {measure word} some..., a little bit of... (used for a small amount of sth) {Beijing dialect, slang} luck (mostly bad, as in diǎnr bèi 點兒背 / 点儿背 have bad luck) 3--medium [n,mw] 心 xīn heart mind, feelings centre, middle, core {Chinese astronomy} Xin (one of the Èrshíbā Xiù 二十八宿 "28 Lunar Mansions of the Chinese zodiac") {physiology} heart (as one of the wǔzàng 五臟 / 五脏 "five vital organs") 1--very high [n] 难 nán be difficult/hard cause sb difficulty, put sb in a difficult position unlikely, hardly possible, uncertain hard on sb, unpleasant to (the ear, eye, etc.) 1--very high [adj,v] 发现 fāxiàn discover, find, notice; discovery 1--very high [v,n] 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 种 zhǒng type, kind {biology} species (of people) race seed, breed, strain guts, nerve, courage {measure word}... type(s) of..., kind(s) of... (used for things of a certain type, style, kind, sort [often not translated]) Zhong (surname) 3--medium [n,mw,sn] 表现 biǎoxiàn expression, behaviour, performance outward manifestation manifest, display show off 1--very high [n,v] 手法 shǒufǎ skill, technique, artistry trick (in bad sense) 1--very high [n] 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 中国 Zhōngguó China 3--medium [n] 日用品 rìyòngpǐn items of daily use, daily necessities consumer goods 2--high 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 一些 yīxiē a number of; a certain amount of some, a few, several a little, a tiny bit more than one; more than once (as a suffix/complement following an adjective or verb) "a little... -er" 1--very high [num] 平常 píngcháng ordinary, common ordinarily, usually 1--very high [adj] 或者 huòzhě or... perhaps, maybe 1--very high [conj] 不相关 bùxiāngguān unrelated 2--high [adj] 事物 shìwù thing, article, object 1--very high [n] 只要 zhǐyào so long as, provided that... (often used with jiù 就 or biàn 便 ) only want, only need you need only to very high [phr] 好说 hǎoshuō (that) won't be a problem, (that) will be easy to handle/solve {regional} (polite response to an expression of gratitude) don't mention it, it was nothing {mostly archaic} (modest reply to a compliment) it's kind of you to say so; (polite response used when the interlocutor says something overly modest) not at all, far from it 3--medium [phr] 法 fǎ law method, way, style model after, pattern after, follow model, standard {Buddhism} dharma tricks, magic (short for Fǎjiā 法家 ) the Legalist school (of thought) (short for Fǎguó 法國 / 法国 ) France; French {physics, unit of measure} Farad Fa (surname) 1--very high [n,v,phon,sn] 会 huì meeting meet with can, could understand, know (like a language) be able to will, be likely to, be possible, possibly moment, short while Hui (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 被 bèi (as passive prefix) be... by (followed by a verb: indicates passive voice, used directly before the verb without mentioning the doer of the action) {new usage} (used before a verb or noun in a sarcastic or jocular way to indicate that the word is at odds with the facts, or that sb was forced to do sth) quilt {written} cover (with) suffer, meet, encounter 1--very high [pref,n,v] 用上 yòngshang be made use of be put to use 2--high [v] 大学 dàxué university, college {classical literature} Daxue, the Great Learning (one of the Sìshū 四書 / 四书 "Four [Confucian canonical] Books") 2--high [n] 问 wèn ask, inquire send one's regards, inquire after (sb's health etc.) Wen (surname) 1--very high [v,sn]

19 9 如果 rúguǒ if, in case 1--very high [adv] 学 xué learn, study imitate, copy, mimic scholarship, learning, education, study, knowledge, science subject (of study), (academic) discipline, branch of learning school, college 1--very high [v,n] 不问 bùwèn ignore, pay no attention to, be indifferent toward, disregard set free, let go (without punishment) 2--high [v] 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 真是 zhēnshi really; so... really now, honestly (exclamation of displeasure, annoyance) gee, that's really too bad, how awful (exclamation of regret, sympathy) 2--high [phr]

20 Chinese Character List 10

21 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 11 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) ゔ 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

22 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 12 エ 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] ズ 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost ウ 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

23 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 13 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan エ 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account

24 14 Chinese 2 Classics 中国古代文学的命运 Text 过去, 遇到社会变动, 有人喜欢在 " 故纸堆 " 里找安全 现在, 人们忙着挣钱, 除了一般大中小学的学生和老师外, 还有谁在学习中国古代文学? 前几年, 上海有个人收了几十名学生, 这些学生不适应一切为了考试的学校生活 在他这里, 学生们只学很少几门课, 其中主要有一门课是古代文学 学习效果不错, 他们个个成了好学生 只要孩子有人管, 有地方上学, 家长们也愿意为这种特别教育多交些钱 不过没多久, 因为不许招生, 停办了 好几个这样的 " 学校 " 也一样结果 最近, 发现几个大学招生, 教古代文学, 时间不长, 收钱不少, 面向公司管理人员, 那些想提高自己文化水平的人 不管他们学到了什么, 至少说明了他们有钱, 学校也多了一条发财路 不管怎么说, 花钱买文化美化自己, 还是值得的 去年, 有个电视节目非常火, 主讲人象平常说话那样讲古书 有个叫易中天的人, 当了几十年穷老师, 今天才把学问换成了钱 这些天, 听了几次古代汉语课, 发现这个老师对古文 古人和古事特别熟, 说起来象老朋友一样, 这可是真才实学啊 她说不想看流行的历史电视剧, 批评那不是历史, 那是在编故事 那么, 这位老师要不要象易中天那样上电视呢? 那倒不一定 有些年轻人觉得古文难学, 一小部分原因可能是要学繁体字 其实当时汉字只简化了两千多字, 为的是让人们更容易学文化 还好汉字没有拼音化, 如果那样, 我们自己现在可能连汉字都不认识了, 更不用说老外了, 五千年文明真的可能消失了 Chinese Text and Pinyin zhōngguó gǔdài wénxué de mìngyùn 中国古代文学的命运 guò qù yù dào shè huì biàn dòng yǒu rén 过 去, 遇 到 社 会 变 动, 有 人 xǐ huān zài gù zhǐ duī lǐ zhǎo ān quán xiàn 喜 欢 在 " 故 纸 堆 " 里 找 安 全 现 zài rén men máng zhe zhèng qián chú le yī 在, 人 们 忙 着 挣 钱, 除 了 一

25 15 bān dà zhōng xiǎo xué de xué shēng hé lǎo shī wài 般 大 中 小 学 的 学 生 和 老 师 外, hái yǒu shuí zài xué xí zhōng guó gǔ dài wén xué 还 有 谁 在 学 习 中 国 古 代 文 学? qián jǐ nián shàng hǎi yǒu gè rén shōu le jǐ 前几年, 上海有个人收了几 shí míng xué shēng zhè xiē xué shēng bù shì yìng 十 名 学 生, 这 些 学 生 不 适 应 yī qiè wèi le kǎo shì de xué xiào shēng huó 一 切 为 了 考 试 的 学 校 生 活 zài tā zhè lǐ xué shēng men zhǐ xué hěn shǎo 在 他 这 里, 学 生 们 只 学 很 少 jǐ mén kè qí zhōng zhǔ yào yǒu yī mén kè 几 门 课, 其 中 主 要 有 一 门 课 shì gǔ dài wén xué xué xí xiào guǒ bú cuò 是 古 代 文 学 学 习 效 果 不 错, tā men gè gè chéng le hǎo xué shēng zhǐ yào 他 们 个 个 成 了 好 学 生 只 要 hái zi yǒu rén guǎn yǒu dì fāng shàng xué 孩 子 有 人 管, 有 地 方 上 学, jiā zhǎng men yě yuàn yì wèi zhè zhǒng tè bié jiào 家 长 们 也 愿 意 为 这 种 特 别 教 yù duō jiāo xiē qián bú guò méi duō jiǔ 育 多 交 些 钱 不 过 没 多 久, yīn wèi bù xǔ zhāo shēng tíng bàn le hǎo 因 为 不 许 招 生, 停 办 了 好 jǐ gè zhè yàng de xué xiào yě yī yàng jié guǒ 几个这样的 " 学校 " 也一样结果 zuì jìn fā xiàn jǐ gè dà xué zhāo shēng 最 近, 发 现 几 个 大 学 招 生, jiào gǔ dài wén xué shí jiān bù cháng shōu 教 古 代 文 学, 时 间 不 长, 收 qián bù shǎo miàn xiàng gōng sī guǎn lǐ rén yuán 钱不少, 面向公司管理人员, nà xiē xiǎng tí gāo zì jǐ wén huà shuǐ píng de 那 些 想 提 高 自 己 文 化 水 平 的 rén bù guǎn tā men xué dào le shén me 人 不 管 他 们 学 到 了 什 么,

26 16 zhì shǎo shuō míng liǎo tā men yǒu qián xué xiào 至 少 说 明 了 他 们 有 钱, 学 校 yě duō le yī tiáo fā cái lù bù guǎn zěn 也 多 了 一 条 发 财 路 不 管 怎 me shuō huā qián mǎi wén huà měi huà zì jǐ 么 说, 花 钱 买 文 化 美 化 自 己, hái shì zhí dé de 还 是 值 得 的 qù nián yǒu gè diàn shì jié mù fēi cháng huǒ 去 年, 有 个 电 视 节 目 非 常 火, zhǔ jiǎng rén xiàng píng cháng shuō huà nà yàng jiǎng gǔ 主 讲 人 象 平 常 说 话 那 样 讲 古 shū yǒu gè jiào yì zhōng tiān de rén dāng 书 有 个 叫 易 中 天 的 人, 当 le jǐ shí nián qióng lǎo shī jīn tiān cái bǎ 了 几 十 年 穷 老 师, 今 天 才 把 xué wèn huàn chéng le qián zhè xiē tiān tīng 学 问 换 成 了 钱 这 些 天, 听 le jǐ cì gǔ dài hàn yǔ kè fā xiàn zhè 了 几 次 古 代 汉 语 课, 发 现 这 gè lǎo shī duì gǔ wén gǔ rén hé gǔ shì 个 老 师 对 古 文 古 人 和 古 事 tè bié shú shuō qǐ lái xiàng lǎo péng yǒu yī 特 别 熟, 说 起 来 象 老 朋 友 一 yàng zhè kě shì zhēn cái shí xué a tā 样, 这 可 是 真 才 实 学 啊 她 shuō bù xiǎng kàn liú xíng de lì shǐ diàn shì jù 说不想看流行的历史电视剧, pī píng nà bú shì lì shǐ nà shì zài biān 批 评 那 不 是 历 史, 那 是 在 编 gù shì nà me zhè wèi lǎo shī yào bú 故事 那么, 这位老师要不 yào xiàng yì zhōng tiān nà yàng shàng diàn shì ne 要 象 易 中 天 那 样 上 电 视 呢? nà dào bù yī dìng 那 倒 不 一 定 yǒu xiē nián qīng rén jué dé gǔ wén nán xué 有 些 年 轻 人 觉 得 古 文 难 学, yī xiǎo bù fēn yuán yīn kě néng shì yào xué fán 一 小 部 分 原 因 可 能 是 要 学 繁

27 17 tǐ zì qí shí dāng shí hàn zì zhǐ jiǎn huà 体 字 其 实 当 时 汉 字 只 简 化 le liǎng qiān duō zì wèi de shì ràng rén men 了 两 千 多 字, 为 的 是 让 人 们 gèng róng yì xué wén huà hái hǎo hàn zì méi 更容易学文化 还好汉字没 yǒu pīn yīn huà rú guǒ nà yàng wǒ men 有 拼 音 化, 如 果 那 样, 我 们 zì jǐ xiàn zài kě néng lián hàn zì dōu bù rèn 自 己 现 在 可 能 连 汉 字 都 不 认 shí le gèng bù yòng shuō lǎo wài le wǔ 识 了, 更 不 用 说 老 外 了, 五 qiān nián wén míng zhēn de kě néng xiāo shī le 千年文明真的可能消失了 Word List 中国 Zhōngguó China 3--medium [n] 古代 gǔdài ancient, ancient times, antiquity 1- -very high [n] 文学 wénxué literature 1--very high [n] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房 子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 命运 mìngyùn destiny, fate 1--very high [n] 过去 guòqù past, previous, former the past, bygones 1--very high [adj,n] 遇到 yùdào encounter, meet with, come across 1--very high [v] 社会 shèhuì society social formation, form of society 1--very high [n] 变动 biàndòng to change 1--very high [v] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1- -very high [v,auxv,sn] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1- -very high [n,sn] 喜欢 xǐhuān like, be fond of be happy, be delighted, be filled with joy (also pronounced xǐhuan) 1--very high [v] 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 故纸堆 gùzhǐduī {derogatory} a heap of old books 4--low [n] 里 lǐ in, inside (as a postposition) 1- -very high [adv,suf,postp] 找 zhǎo search, seek, look for, try to find want to see (sb), call on, approach, ask for give change (money) 1--very high [v] 安全 ānquán safe, secure safety, security {IT} secure (like an Internet connection) 1--very high [adj,n] 现在 xiànzài now nowadays, today, at the present time 1--very high [n] 人们 rénmen people1--very high [n] 忙着 mángzhe being busy 2--high [v] 挣钱 zhèngqián earn money, make money 1--very high [vo] 除了 chúle except, besides 1--very high [prep] 一般大 yībāndà of the same size equally large 3--medium 中小学 zhōngxiǎoxué middle and elementary school 2--high 学生 xuésheng student, pupil disciple (your) student (self-designation when addressing one's teacher, master or a member of older generation) boy 1--very high [n] 和 hé and; with together with kind, gentle, mild; (be) on good terms with, harmonious;

28 18 harmony, peace {sports} (of the result of a competition) a draw, a tie Japan, Japanese He (surname) 1--very high [conj,adj,n,sn] 老师 lǎoshī teacher, professor master (form of address to a scholar) 1--very high [n] 外 wài outside, foreign except for, other than (often preceded by a phrase with chú 除 ) unofficial (like history) 1--very high [adj,suf] 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 谁 shéi who? anyone 1--very high [qu] 在学 zàixué enrolled in the school, in school 3- -medium [adv] 习 xí practice, exercise be used to, be familiar with practice, custom, habit hover, circle (in flight) Xi (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 前 qián in front forward, ahead front, first before, ago previous, preceding {Chinese chess} at the front (the piece at the front, relative to the player) 1--very high [adj,adv,suf] 几 jǐ How many? a few, several, some 1--very high [num] 年 nián year yearly, annual age period of life (like childhood, middle age) age, period (of history) harvest New Year, lunisolar New Year season (of special items) for the (lunisolar) New Year (like cakes, painting) (of friendship, etc.) between those who passed the Imperial examinations in the same year Nian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 上海 Shànghǎi Shanghai (municipality and county) 1--very high [n] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1- -very high [mw] 收了十 shí ten, tenth complete perfect 1- -very high [num] 名 míng (personal) name fame, reputation famous, well-known {measure word} (used for persons of a certain category, profession, etc.) 1- -very high [n,adj,mw] 这些 zhèxiē these (things/people, etc.) 1- -very high [pron] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 适应 shìyìng adapt (oneself to), adjust (to), suit, fit, be geared to 1--very high [v] 一切 yīqiè all, everything, the whole the entire matter, the whole thing 1--very high [n] 为了 wèile for, in order to, for the sake of 1- -very high [prep,adv] 考试 kǎoshì exam test take an exam or test 1--very high [v,n] 学校 xuéxiào school 1--very high [n] 生活 shēnghuó life live, go through life exist existence, livelihood work 1--very high [n,v] 他 tā he, she, it him, his (personal pronoun, prior to the May Fourth Movement [1919] used for all genders; now generally only used in reference to males, in cases when no gender differentiation is necessary, or when the gender is unknown; this is also the standard usage in Taiwan) other, another (as in tārì 他日 "on another day") 1- -very high [pron,adj] 这里 zhèli here this place 1--very high [pron] 学生们 xuéshēngmen students, pupils disciples 2--high [n] 只 zhǐ only, merely, just 1--very high [adv,conj] 学 xué learn, study imitate, copy, mimic scholarship, learning, education, study, knowledge, science subject (of study), (academic) discipline, branch of learning school, college 1--very high [v,n] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 少 shǎo few, little, less, scant, not enough seldom missing, lacking owe (money, etc.) a (little) while, a minute 1--very high [adv,v,num] 门 mén door, entrance, gate switch, valve hole/opening in human body family school (of thought), (religious) sect a teacher's or master's entrance hall means, method, key category {biology} phylum (of animals or plants) -gate (used by the media to create new words referring to a scandal, after the pattern of Shuǐmén [Shìjiàn] 水 門 [ 事件 ]/ 水门 [ 事件 ] "Watergate") {measure word}... course(s) of...,... subject(s) of...,... skill(s) of... (used for school courses, skills, branches or subjects of knowledge, etc.) {measure word} (used for cannons) {measure word} (used for relatives, marriages, families related by marriage, etc.) Men (surname) 1--very high [n,mw,sn] 课 kè lesson, class {measure word} (for a lesson, unit of a textbook, etc.) administrative unit in certain organizations taxes levy, collect (taxes) 1--very high [n,mw] 其中 qízhōng among them, of which in it, within it 1--very high [phr] 主要 zhǔyào main, chief, major, essential, principal, primary mainly1--very high [adj,adv]

29 19 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 学习 xuéxí study, learn learn (from sb), follow the example (of sb) 1--very high [v] 效果 xiàoguǒ effect, result {theatre} sound/visual effects 1--very high [n] 不错 bùcuò not bad; pretty good 2--high [interj] 他们 tāmen they them 1--very high [pron] 个个 gègè each and every one 3--medium [mw] 成了 chéngle all right, O.K. that's enough, that's fine accomplished, done has become..., became very high [phr] 好学 hǎoxué easy to learn 3--medium [adj] 生 shēng give birth to live life unripe raw bear, deliver generate be born (of plants, roots, etc.) grow, emerge unripe raw, undercooked not cooked unprocessed, unrefined unfamiliar, unacquainted student (bound form, as in nǚshēng 女生 "female student", zhèngshìshēng 正 式生 "regular student") suffix for various kinds or groups of people (like yīshēng 醫生 / 医生 "medical doctor") Sheng (surname) 1--very high [v,suf,sn,n] 只要 zhǐyào so long as, provided that... (often used with jiù 就 or biàn 便 ) only want, only need you need only to very high [phr] 孩子 háizi child children1--very high [n] 管 guǎn tube, pipe, duct {music} wind instrument {electrical/electronics} valve, tube {measure word} (used for pens, long-barreled guns, [toothpaste] tubes and other things in the shape of long hollow cylinders) {admin} manage, run, administrate, control be responsible for, have jurisdiction over, be in charge of, exercise discipline over (sb) take an interest in, concern oneself with, care about, mind provide, guarantee {grammar} (in the construction guǎn 管... jiào 叫...) call sth... (used as an auxiliary verb to introduce the direct object that is being called..., like bǎ 把 ) {regional, Beijing} from (e.g., shì tā guǎn wǒ yào de 是他管 我要的 "He asked me for it") to, toward {regional} whoever, no matter who/what/if... Guan (surname) 1--very high [n,v,mw,sn] 地方上 dìfāngshàng in regional localities the local authorities 3--medium [adv,n] 家长们 jiāzhǎngmen parents, guardians 3--medium [n] 也 yě also, too, as well (followed by a negative) (not) even nevertheless, still 1--very high [adv] 愿意 yuànyì be willing wish, want 1--very high [v] 为 wéi be, mean serve as, act as become, turn do, act seem, appear by Wei (surname) 1--very high [v,auxv,sn] 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 种 zhǒng type, kind {biology} species (of people) race seed, breed, strain guts, nerve, courage {measure word}... type(s) of..., kind(s) of... (used for things of a certain type, style, kind, sort [often not translated]) Zhong (surname) 3- -medium [n,mw,sn] 特别 tèbié special, particular especially, particularly specially 1--very high [adj,adv] 教育 jiàoyù education, schooling educate, teach 1--very high [n,v] 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1- -very high [num,adj,sn] 交 jiāo hand over, deliver, give meet, come together intertwine make friends with, interact with friends friendship, social intercourse (of humans) have sexual intercourse; (of animals) mate mutual(ly), reciprocal(ly) transaction, business deal 1--very high [v,n,adj,adv] 些 xiē few, several, some (unspecified amount) somewhat, slightly (as a postposition, used to indicate plurality) {measure word} (used for an indefinite number of people or things, can only be preceded by the numeral yī 一 "one") 1- -very high [adv,mw] 钱 qián money; cash coin {unit of weight} qian (approx. equivalent to 5 grams) Qian (surname) 3--medium [n,meas,sn] 不过 bùguò but, however, nevertheless 1- -very high [conj] 没 méi not exist, not have, not be there, be without there is not not as... as not... than scarcely less than not yet did not (used like méiyǒu 沒有 / 没有 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 多久 duōjiǔ how long for a long time 1- -very high [pron,adv] 因为 yīnwèi because, on account of, for (often pronounced yīnwei) 1--very high [conj] 不许 bùxǔ must not, not allowed, not permitted can't (used rhetorically) 2--high [v] 招生 zhāoshēng enroll students, recruit students 1--very high [vo] 停办 tíngbàn close down (of a business, school, etc.) 3--medium [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 好 hǎo good, nice, fine good to (eat, etc.)

30 20 be well, in good health (before a verb) easy to... (as a verb complement, indicates finishing or finishing satisfactorily) be done...ing, finish...ing in order to, so that, for the purpose of {regional} may, can, should, ought to (emphasizes the meaning of adjectives) very, quite, pretty much... (used before adjectives to inquire about quantity or degree) how...(long, far, etc.)? 1--very high [adj,co] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1- -very high [mw] 这样 zhèyàng this way, like this, so 1--very high [adv,pron] 一样 yīyàng identical, alike, the same [yī yàng] a type/kind/sort of very high [adj,adv] 结果 jiéguǒ outcome, result, consequence as a result, as it turned out1--very high [n,adv] 最近 zuìjìn recently, of late, lately in the near future1--very high [adv] 发现 fāxiàn discover, find, notice; discovery 1- -very high [v,n] 大学 dàxué university, college {classical literature} Daxue, the Great Learning (one of the Sìshū 四書 / 四书 "Four [Confucian canonical] Books") 2- -high [n] 教 jiāo teach, instruct (in most compound words pronounced jiào) 1--very high [v] 时间 shíjiān time 1--very high [n] 长 cháng long; length (one's) strong point(s), forte be good at sth, be strong in sth surplus, spare, extra (in this meaning, formerly pronounced zhàng) 1--very high [adj,n] 收钱 shōuqián receive money collect debts 3--medium [vo] 不少 bùshǎo there is a lot, there are many many, quite a few, quite a lot of 1--very high [phr] 面向 miànxiàng face, turn towards cater to, serve the needs of {TW usage} aspect, facet 1- -very high [v] 公司 gōngsī company, corporation, firm 1- -very high [n] 管理 guǎnlǐ manage, administer, control management, administration, control 1--very high [v,n] 人员 rényuán personnel, staff member 1--very high [n] 那些 nàxiē those 1--very high [pron] 想 xiǎng think (of); intend; be keen on sth want to, would like to long for, recall with fondness, miss, think of desire 1--very high [v] 提高 tígāo raise, elevate, heighten improve, enhance, upgrade 1--very high [v] 自己 zìjǐ oneself by oneself (i.e., without other people) one's own 1--very high [pron,adv] 文化 wénhuà culture, civilization education, schooling 1--very high [n,adj] 水平 shuǐpíng level, proficiency (in a skill) level, horizontal standard (like of living) water level {linguistics} proficiency level 1--very high [adj,n] 不管 bùguǎn no matter, regardless of 2--high [conj] 学到 xuédào learn, learn about 2--high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 什么 shénme what?; what kind of...? something, anything (used to express anger, surprise, censure or negation) (used to express disapproval or disagreement) (after a verb) for what, why (used to indicate an incomplete list) things like...; and so on, and what not in traditional characters, also written 什麼, 什麽, or 甚麽 1--very high [qu,pref] 至少 zhìshǎo at least 1--very high [adv] 说明 shuōmíng explain, account for explanation, instructions indicate, show, prove 1- -very high [v,n] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 有钱 yǒuqián rich, wealthy 1--very high [adj] 条 tiáo {measure word} (used for long, thin objects) {measure word}... item(s) (used for certain items, such as news, certain people, etc.) long narrow piece twig clause, condition string, stripe, slip long and narrow in pattern; streak order; in good order 1--very high [n,mw] 发财 fācái become prosperous/wealthy, get rich (short for the TW word fācáichē 發財車 / 发 财车 "mini pickup truck") 1--very high [v] 路 lù road, path, way; means, approach line, train (like of reasoning, thought) route, line Lu (administrative region during the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties) Lu (surname)1--very high [n,sn] 怎么 zěnme how, in what way, by what means why, how come, how is it that... what? (used to preface a sentence, expressing surprise, incredulity, etc.) 1--very high [qu] 说 shuō speak, say, talk explain, give an explanation theory, doctrine, views scold, criticize act as go-between or matchmaker, introduce refer to, hint, indicate point to 1--very high [v] 花钱 huāqián spend money paper strips put up

31 21 for good luck at New Year 1--very high [v] 买 mǎi buy, purchase 1--very high [v] 美化 měihuà beautify, glamourize, glorify, embellish, make pretty (short for Měiguóhuà 美國 化 / 美国化 ) Americanize; Americanized 1--very high [v] 还是 háishi or still, nevertheless, after all, all the same (introducing a course of action chosen after considering options) it would be better to, had better (do sth); might as well 1--very high [adv] 值得 zhíde merit, deserve, be worth merit, worth1--very high [v] 去年 qùnián last year 1--very high [n] 电视 diànshì television, TV 1--very high [n] 节目 jiémù (TV) program program (of events) item (like in an exhibit) 1--very high [n] 非常 fēicháng extraordinary, unusual very, extremely 1--very high [adj,adv] 火 huǒ fire firearms, ammunition {Chinese med} internal heat (of colour) red as fire, flaming red urgent, pressing anger, fury, rage, temper {colloquial} (of business, a sales item, etc.) brisk, flourishing, thriving, popular, "hot", all the rage (as in shēngyì hěn huǒ 生意很火 "business is booming", or mài de tǐng huǒ 賣得挺火 / 卖得挺火 "[some product] is selling like hotcakes") Huo (surname) 1--very high [n,adj,sn] 主讲人 zhǔjiǎngrén lecturer, main speaker, keynote speaker 3--medium 象 xiàng elephant elephant's tusk, ivory imitate appearance, image sign, indication symbolize phenomenon, manifestation {Chinese chess} Ministers/War Elephants, Elephants (on the black side) xiang (dance) Xiang (surname) 1- -very high [v,n,sn] 平常 píngcháng ordinary, common ordinarily, usually 1--very high [adj] 说话 shuōhuà speak, talk, chat gossip blame, reproach before you can say, in no time words shuohua (storytelling during the Sòng 宋 Dynasty) 1--very high [vo] 那样 nàyàng like that, so 1--very high [n] 讲古 jiǎnggǔ tell stories (esp. of old times) complain 3--medium [v] 书 shū book letter, document calligraphy style, script write {literature} the Book of Documents (short for Shàngshū 尚書 / 尚书, or Shūjīng 書經 / 书经 ) 1--very high [n,v] 叫 jiào shout, yell, cry call out to, greet, address hire (like a taxi), order (a meal, dish, etc.), get name, call, designate, summon; be called/named ask, order, make (sb do sth), order, ask allow, permit, let by (particle used to indicate the passive voice) {regional} male (animal or fowl) 1- -very high [v,adj] 易 yì easy (in contrast to nán 難 / 难 "difficult") amiable, unassuming change exchange, barter battle despise {archaic} lizard, chameleon the Yìjīng 易經 / 易经 "Book of Changes" Yi (surname) 1--very high [adj,v,sn] 中天 zhōngtiān {astronomy} meridian transit, culmination 2--high [n] 当了 几十年 jǐshínián tens of years, several decades 2--high 穷 qióng poor, destitute, impoverished 1- -very high [adj,v] 今天 jīntiān today the present, now1--very high [n] 才 cái talent, ability, gift talented (or capable, gifted) person, talent Cai (surname) (used like 纔 / 才 ) {grammar} just (now) (indicates sth has just happened) only, only then (indicates sth happening later than expected) only in this case, only under such a condition (indicates sth happens only under a given condition) only after... (indicates sth new has happened) barely, hardly, only (indicates sth/sb is comparatively small/weak) definitely, by all means (used for emphasis/assertion, usually followed by the sentence-final particle ne 呢 ) 1- -very high [n,adv,sn] 把 bǎ {grammar} take... (and do sth with it) (auxiliary verb used to introduce the direct object of a sentence in front of the main verb) hold, grasp, grip hold (a baby out to relieve itself) grab, control, monopolize {sports, colloquial} guard, watch (like a goal) {colloquial} be close to hold sth together {regional} give, offer handlebar (like of a bicycle) bunch, bundle, handful {measure word} (used for tools and other things with a handle, like key, scissors, umbrella, sword, etc., or for things that can be grasped [chair], or for certain abstract things [years, strength, effort], a movement of the hands [like a push, a helping hand]) "approximately" (when following numerals/measure words, like bǎi bǎ nián 百把年 "approx. 100 years") refers to sworn brotherhood (as in bàibǎzi 拜把子 "become sworn brothers") 1- -very high [v,n,mw] 学问 xuéwèn scholastic pursuit, subject of study, learning knowledge, scholarship, erudition skills and knowledge needed to fully understand sth difficult or complex (as in dàyǒuxuéwèn 大有學問 / 大 有学问 "take a lot of learning [to do sth]") 1- -very high [n] 换成 huànchéng change into, exchange to 2--high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 天 tiān day sky weather the heavens Tian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 听了 次 cì order, sequence, position (in a sequence),... times arrangement the following, se-

32 22 cond, next sub- (as in cìdàlù 次大陸 / 次大陆 "subcontinent") second-rate, inferior, shoddy, substandard, of low(er) quality {written} stopover, layover among, between, in the middle of {measure word}... time(s) (following a numeral, used for number of occurrences/times/occasions) Ci (surname) {chem} hypo- 1--very high [n,adj,prep,mw,sn] 汉语 Hànyǔ Chinese, the Chinese (spoken) language1--very high [n] 这个 zhège this one (person or thing) this how...!, what...! (used in exclamations) 1--very high [pron] 对 duì toward, to, facing, regarding be directed at, confront, treat, cope with opposite couple, pair (usually a man and a woman) {measure word}... pair(s) of... (used for things that come in pairs, like shoes, or for abstract dualities, as in yī duì máodùn 一對矛盾 / 一对矛盾 "a contradiction") agree, fit compare, identify, check set, adjust, synchronize (like clocks) pair up, fit together, coordinate correct, right adulterate, mix with, add, dilute (like wine with water) split in half (like profit) {literature, poetry} couplet 1--very high [adj,n,mw] 古文 gǔwén classical Chinese literature, ancient Chinese prose {calligraphy} ancient script (one of the six styles), pre-qín 秦 Dynasty script (esp. in the Shuōwén Jiězì 說文解字 / 说文解字 by Xǔ Shèn 許慎 / 许慎 [ca.58 CE ca.147 CE]) 1--very high [n] 古人 gǔrén ancient people, the ancients 2- -high [n] 古 gǔ ancient, old, age-old, archaic ancient times {literature, art} of ancient style, classical (like classical-style poetry) {written} simple, honest, sincere Gu (surname) 1--very high [adj,sn] 事 shì affair, matter, thing incident, event accident, trouble, untoward event business work, function job, occupation concerned with, involved in, responsible for serve, attend to do, carry out, be engaged in 1--very high [n,v,adv] 熟 shú ripe thoroughly cooked, done processed, refined familiar, acquainted, wellknown (to sb) experienced, skilled, versed (in sth) deeply, soundly, profoundly 1--very high [adj,adv] 说起来 shuōqilai mention, bring up actually, in fact 3--medium [v] 老朋友 lǎopéngyou old friend 2- -high [n] 可是 kěshì but however yet 1--very high [adv,conj] 真才实学 zhēncáishíxué true talent and scholarship, genuine ability and learning 3--medium [cy] 阿 ā {regional} dear...(name prefix, used to form terms of endearment; prefix before a kinship term) Afghanistan (short form for Āfùhàn 阿富汗 ) A (surname) 1--very high [pref,sn] 她 tā she (third person singular, feminine) her {formal} she (as a reference to one's country, party, flag, etc.) 1--very high [pron] 看 kàn look, see, read think, view (the situation) visit, call on (friends, etc.) 1--very high [v] 流行 liúxíng popular, fashionable, in vogue, prevalent 1--very high [adj] 历史 lìshǐ history1--very high [n] 电视剧 diànshìjù TV play 1- -very high [n] 批评 pīpíng criticize criticism 1--very high [v,n] 那 nà that (one) then, in that case 1- -very high [pron,conj] 在编 zàibiān (of personnel) be on the permanent staff, on the regular payroll 3--medium [v] 故事 gùshi story plot (like of a novel) 1- -very high [n] 那么 nàme that way, like that when preceding a number indicates estimation or approximation (like "about") in that case, then 1--very high [adv] 位 wèi {measure word, formal/polite}... lady/ladies/gentleman/gentlemen (used for persons) place, position, location status, situation, position be located throne {math} digit, place {physics} potential Wei (surname) 1--very high [n,v,mw,sn] 要 yào want, need, desire demand, ask for, request must will, be going to need to, should it is necessary that..., one must... if if one hopes to..., in order to... (used in comparisons, for example 要比 yào bǐ or 比 要 bǐ...yào...), expresses a judgment/evaluation or highlights the difference important suppose that..., if, in case (yào..., yào...) either..., or... Yāo (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 上 shàng on, on top of... last, the previous (like shàng [gè] xīngqīwǔ 上 [ 個 ] 星期五 "last Friday") first (in a series) go up, go up to mount, board (a vehicle) go to, leave for submit, send bolt, lock (a door, etc.) (used after a verb as a resultative ending to indicate the amount or extent reached) 1--very high [v,co,postp] 呢 ne is it so? isn't it? how about...? and...? (question particle used at the end of a question) surely, certainly (sentence-final particle giving emphasis to a statement) -ing (at the end of a statement expresses that the action is continuing) well,... but (on the other hand)...(interjection used to pause a sentence, often to indicate a contrast) 1- -very high [qu,interj] 倒 dào turn upside down, reverse, invert throw out, discard, dump upside down, inverted, reverse, backward move backward pour (a liquid), dump {grammar} nevertheless, on the contrary (expressing a result/outcome opposite of the

33 23 expected); although...(indicating contrast); but, still (indicating concession); quickly...! (indicating impatience) 3--medium [v,adv] 不一定 bùyīdìng not necessarily uncertain 2--high [adv] 年轻人 niánqīngrén young people; youngster, kid 2--high [n] 觉得 juéde feel (like tired) think, believe 1- -very high [v] 难 nán be difficult/hard cause sb difficulty, put sb in a difficult position unlikely, hardly possible, uncertain hard on sb, unpleasant to (the ear, eye, etc.) 1--very high [adj,v] 小 xiǎo small, little my dear...(when used as [endearment] prefix, it can partially or totally lose its original meaning of "small") 1--very high [adj] 部分 bùfen part, portion, section, share some, a portion of... partly, in part, partially 1--very high [n,adv] 原因 yuányīn cause, reason 1--very high [n] 可能 kěnéng possible, probable, likely may, maybe, probably possibly probability, possibility, likelihood 1--very high [adj,adv,n] 繁体字 fántǐzì complex Chinese characters, traditional Chinese characters (in contrast to jiǎntǐzì 簡體字 / 简体字 "simplified Chinese characters") 1--very high [n] 其实 qíshí actually, as a matter of fact, in reality 1--very high [adv] 当时 dāngshí at that time, then 1--very high [adv] 汉字 Hànzì Chinese character(s) 1--very high [n] 简化 jiǎnhuà simplify {math} reduction 1- -very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 两千 liǎngqiān 2, very low 字 zì {linguistics} Chinese character, word, letter "style name" (name taken by a man upon reaching manhood, at around 20 years of age) 1--very high [n] 为 wéi be, mean serve as, act as become, turn do, act seem, appear by Wei (surname) 1--very high [v,auxv,sn] 让 ràng let, allow have or make (sb do sth), cause yield, give in, give up yield for, give (the right of) way to (e.g., another vehicle, pedestrians) let sb else have sth {sound transcription} Jean (French given name) 1--very high [v] 更 gèng more, still more, even more furthermore, further, what is more...1--very high [adv] 容易 róngyì simple, easy likely, easily, liable to, prone to 1--very high [adj] 没有 méiyǒu not exist, not have there is not not as... as less than did not, has not (same meaning as méi 沒 / 没 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 拼音化 pīnyīnhuà giving preference to the use of "pinyin" 4--low 如果 rúguǒ if, in case 1--very high [adv] 我们 wǒmen we, us, our 1--very high [pron] 连 lián (as grammar particle, in the split structure lián 連 / 连...yě 也 ) even... join, link, connect continuous, successive, one after another, repeatedly including {military} a company Lian (surname) 1--very high [v,n,adv,sn] 都 dōu all, both, every, in every case (when preceding shì 是, indicates the cause of sth that happened) it's all because of... (following a stressed subject, or in the pattern lián 連 / 连 dōu 都 ) even..., already... (as in Dōu shíyī diǎn le! 都十一點了 / 都十一点了! "It's eleven o'clock already!") (used in a question with an interrogative pronoun to ask for a plural answer, e.g., Nǐ dōu mǎi shénme le 你都買甚麼了 / 你都买什么了? "What things did you buy?") 1--very high [adv] 认识 rènshi know, understand, recognize knowledge, understanding, cognition 1--very high [v,n] 用 yòng use, employ, apply {formal} eat, drink Yong (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 老外 lǎowài {colloquial} foreigner (the term is generally not considered pejorative, and is sometimes used affectionately) layperson, amateur, nonprofessional, outsider 1--very high [n] 五千 wǔqiān 5, very low 文明 wénmíng educated, civilized, enlightened civilization 1--very high [adj,n] 真 zhēn real, true, genuine really, truly sincere Zhen (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 消失 xiāoshī disappear, vanish, fade away 1- -very high [v]

34 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style Chinese Character List 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 24 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo 1ancient 2old 3paleo- 4surname Gu 1to substitute 2to act on behalf of others 3to replace 4generation 5dynasty 6age 7period 8(historical) era 9(geological) eon 1language 2culture 3writing 4formal 5literary 6gentle 7(old) classifier for coins 8Kangxi radical 118 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 9surname Wen 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1life 2fate 3order or command 4to assign a name, title etc 1to move 2to transport 3to use 4to apply 5fortune 6luck 7fate 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1to go 2to go to (a place) 3to cause to go or send (sb) 4to remove 5to get rid of 6(when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 7to be apart from in space or time 8(after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (of a time or an event etc) just passed or elapsed 1to meet 2to encounter 3to treat 4to receive 5opportunity 6chance 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1society 2group 3club 4agency 5(old) god of the land ぷ 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1to change 2to become different 3to transform 4to vary 5rebellion 1to use 2to act 3to move 4to change 5abbr. for 動詞 动词 [dòng cí], verb 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1to be fond of 2to like 3to enjoy 4to be happy 5to feel pleased 6happiness 7delight 8glad 1joyous 2happy 3pleased 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1happening 2instance 3reason 4cause 5intentional 6former 7old 8friend 9therefore 10hence 11(of people) to die, dead 1paper 2CL: 張 张 [zhāng], 沓 [dá] 3classifier for documents, letter etc 1to pile up 2to heap up 3a mass 4pile 5heap 6stack 7large amount 16to balance an account 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1to try to find 2to look for 3to call on sb 4to find 5to seek 6to return 7to give change 1content 2calm 3still 4quiet 5safe 6secure 7in good health 8to find a place for 9to install 10to fix 11to fit 12to bring (a charge against sb) 13to pacify 14security 15safety 16peace 17ampere 18surname An 1all 2whole 3entire 4every 5complete 6surname Quan

35 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current Definition and Stroke 25 1plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals 1busy 2hurriedly 3to hurry 4to rush 1aspect particle indicating action in progress 2to wear (clothes) 3to contact 4to use 5to apply 6to touch 7to come in contact with 8to feel 9to be affected by 10to catch fire 11to fall asleep 12to burn 13to make known 14to show to prove to write book outstanding (chess) move trick all right! (dialect) to add 1struggle 2to earn 3to make (money) ウ 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian 1to get rid of 2to remove 3to exclude 4to eliminate 5to wipe out 6to divide 7except 8not including 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1sort 2kind 3class 4way 5manner 6see 般樂 般乐 [pán lè] 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 1small 2tiny 3few 4young 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2old (of people) 3venerable (person) 4experienced 5of long standing 6always 7all the time of the past very outdated (of meat etc) tough 1teacher 2master 3expert 4model 5army division 6(old) troops 7to dispatch troops 1outside 2in addition 3foreign 4external 8surname Shi ゔ 1to pay back 2to return 1who 2also pr. [shuí] 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1to practice 2to study 3habit 4surname Xi 1front 2forward 3ahead 4ago 5before 6first 7former 8formerly 9future 10BC (e.g. 前 293 年 ) 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1year 2CL: 個 个 [gè] 3surname Nian 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] 1ocean 2sea 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 片 [piàn] 4surname Hai 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1to receive 2to accept 3to collect 4to restrain 5to stop 6in care of (used on address line after name) 1ten 210 1name 2noun (part of speech) 3place (e.g. among winners) 4famous 5classifier for people

36 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 26 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1to fit 2suitable 3proper 4just (now) 5comfortable 6well 7to go 8to follow or pursue 9surname Shi 10to fit 11suitable 12proper 13just (now) 14comfortable 15well 16to go 17to follow or pursue 18surname Shi 1to answer 2to respond 3to comply with 4to deal or cope with 5to agree (to do sth) 6should 7ought to 8surname Ying 1definitely 2absolutely (not) 3(scoffing or dismissive interjection) Yeah, right. 4Tut! 5to grind 6close to 7eager 8to correspond to 9see also 反切 [fǎn qiè] 10to cut 11to slice 12tangent (math) ゔ 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 1to check 2to verify 3to test 4to examine 5to take an exam 6to take an entrance exam for 7deceased father 1to test 2to try 3experiment 4examination 5test 1school 2military officer 3CL: 所 [suǒ] 4to proofread 5to check 6to compare 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1he or him 2(used for either sex when the sex is unknown or unimportant) 3(used before sb's name for emphasis) 4(used as a meaningless mock object) 5other 6another 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1few 2little 3lack 4young エゔ 1gate 2door 3CL: 扇 [shàn] 4gateway 5doorway 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 7opening 8valve 9switch 10way to do something 11knack 12family 13house 14(religious) sect 15school (of thought) 16class 17category 18phylum or division (taxonomy) classifier for large guns classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology surname Men 1subject 2course 3CL: 門 门 [mén] 4class 5lesson 6CL: 堂 [táng], 節 节 [jié] 7to levy 8tax 9form of divination 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1owner 2master 3host 4individual or party concerned 5God 6Lord 7main 8to indicate or signify 9trump card (in card games) 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1effect 2efficacy 3to imitate 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce ウ 1mistake 2wrong 3bad 4interlocking 5complex 6to grind 7to polish 8to alternate 9to stagger 10to miss 11to let slip 12to evade 13to inlay with gold or silver 14surname Cuo 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 10surname Cheng 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 1child 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to take care (of) 2to control 3to manage 4to be in charge of 5to look after 6to run 7to care about 8tube 9pipe 10(spoken) to 11towards 12surname Guan

37 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1earth 2ground 3field 4place 5land 6CL: 片 [piàn] Definition and Stroke 7-ly 8structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct 27 1square 2power or involution (mathematics) 3upright 4honest 5fair and square 6direction 7side 8party (to a contract, dispute etc) 9place 10method 11prescription (medicine) 12just when 13only or just 14classifier for square things abbr. for square or cubic meter surname Fang 1home 2family 3(polite) my (sister, uncle etc) 4classifier for families or businesses 5refers to the philosophical schools of pre-han China 6noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian CL: [gè] surname Jia ェ 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance 1also 2too 3(in Classical Chinese) final particle implying affirmation 1to hope 2to wish 3to desire 4hoped-for 5ready 6willing 7sincere 8to hope 9to wish 10to desire 11hoped-for 12ready 13willing 14sincere 1idea 2meaning 3thought 4to think 5wish 6desire 7intention 8to expect 9to anticipate 10Italy 11Italian 12abbr. for 意大利 [Yì dà lì] 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1special 2unique 3distinguished 4especially 5unusual 6very 1to leave 2to depart 3to separate 4to distinguish 5to classify 6other 7another 8do not 9must not 10to pin 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 1to have children 2to raise or bring up 3to educate 11surname Bie 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to hand over 2to deliver 3to pay (money) 4to turn over 5to make friends 6to intersect (lines) 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 1(long) time 2(long) duration of time 1cause 2reason 3because 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate ゔ 1to allow 2to permit 3to promise 4to praise 5somewhat 6perhaps 7surname Xu 1to recruit 2to provoke 3to beckon 4to incur 5to infect 6contagious 7a move (chess) 8a maneuver 9device 10trick 11to confess 1to stop 2to halt 3to park (a car) 1to do 2to manage 3to handle 4to go about 5to run 6to set up 7to deal with 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] ぷ 1knot 2sturdy 3bond 4to tie 5to bind 6to check out (of a hotel) 1most 2the most 3-est (superlative suffix) 1near 2close to 3approximately 7to bear fruit 8to produce 9firm 10solid 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

38 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 28 エ 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent ェ 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance 1face 2side 3surface 4aspect 5top 6classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc 7flour 8noodles 9flour 10noodles 1towards 2to face 3to turn towards 4direction 5to support 6to side with 7shortly before 8formerly 9always 10all along 11surname Xiang 12surname Xiang 13variant of 向, direction 14orientation 15to face 16to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to side with to be partial to all along (previously) surname Xiang variant of, direction orientation to face to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to 1public 2collectively owned 3common 4international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) 5make public 6fair 7just 8Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 9honorable (gentlemen) 10father-in-law male (animal) 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person 2employee 3member 1that 2those 3then (in that case) 4commonly pr. [nèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing 5variant of 哪 [nǎ] 1to think 2to believe 3to suppose 4to wish 5to want 6to miss (feel wistful about the absence of sb or sth) 1to carry (hanging down from the hand) 2to lift 3to put forward 4to mention 5to raise (an issue) 6upwards character stroke 7lifting brush stroke (in painting) 8scoop for measuring liquid 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 1from 2self 3oneself 4since 6surname Gao 1self 2oneself 3sixth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干 4sixth in order 5letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc 6hexa 1to make into 2to change into 3-ization 4to... -ize 5to transform 6abbr. for 化學 化学 [huà xué] 7variant of 花 1water 2river 3liquid 4beverage 5additional charges or income 6(of clothes) classifier for number of washes 7surname Shui 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 9surname Ping 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until ゔ 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary 1strip 2item 3article 4clause (of law or treaty) 5classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1road 2CL: 條 条 [tiáo] 3journey 4route 5line (bus etc) 6sort 7kind 1how 8surname Lu 1flower 2blossom 3CL: 朵 [duǒ], 支 [zhī], 束 [shù], 把 [bǎ], 盆 [pén], 簇 [cù] 4fancy pattern 5florid 6to spend (money, time) 1to buy 2to purchase 7surname Hua 1beautiful 2very satisfactory 3good 4to be pleased with oneself 5the Americas 6abbr. for 美洲 [Měi zhōu] 7USA 8abbr. for 美國 美国 [Měi guó]

39 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1value 2(to be) worth 3to happen to 4to be on duty Definition and Stroke 29 1to obtain 2to get 3to gain 4to catch (a disease) 5proper 6suitable 7proud 8contented 9to allow 10to permit 11ready 12finished indicating effect, degree, possibility etc to have to must ought to to need to 1electric 2electricity 3electrical 1to look at 2to regard 3to inspect 13structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase 1festival 2holiday 3node 4joint 5section 6segment 7part 8to economize 9to save 10to abridge 11moral integrity 12classifier for segments, e.g. lessons, train wagons, biblical verses 13CL: 個 个 [gè] 1eye 2item 3section 4list 5catalogue 6table of contents 7order (taxonomy) 8goal 9name 10title 1to not be 2not 3wrong 4incorrect 5non- 6un- 7in- 8to reproach or blame 9(colloquial) to insist on 10simply must 11abbr. for 非洲 [Fēi zhōu], Africa 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang ゔ 1fire 2urgent 3ammunition 4fiery or flaming 5internal heat (Chinese medicine) 6hot (popular) 7classifier for military units (old) 1to speak 2to explain 3to negotiate 4to emphasise 5to be particular about 6as far as sth is concerned 7speech 8lecture 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 8surname Huo ゔ 1dialect 2language 3spoken words 4speech 5talk 6words 7conversation 8what sb said 9CL: 種 种 [zhǒng], 席 [xí], 句 [jù], 口 [kǒu], 番 [fān] 1book 2letter 3document 4CL: 本 [běn], 冊 册 [cè], 部 [bù] 5to write 6abbr. for 書經 书经 [shū jīng] 1to shout 2to call 3to order 4to ask 5to be called 6by (indicates agent in the passive mood) 1easy 2amiable 3to change 4to exchange 1day 2sky 3heaven 5surname Yi 1to be 2to act as 3manage 4withstand 5when 6during 7ought 8should 9match equally 10equal 11same 12obstruct 13just at (a time or place) 14on the spot 15right 16just at fitting proper to replace to regard as to think to pawn (coll.) to fail (a student) onomat. dong ding dong bell 1exhausted 2poor 1today 2modern 3present 4current 5this 6now 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 17at or in the very same... 18suitable 19adequate エ 1to hold 2to contain 3to grasp 4to take hold of 5handle 6particle marking the following noun as a direct object 7classifier for objects with handle 8classifier for small objects: handful 1to ask 1to change 2to exchange 9handle 1to listen 2to hear 3to obey 4a can (loanword from English "tin") 5classifier for canned beverages 6(literary pronunciation, still advocated in Taiwan) to rule 7to sentence 8to allow 1next in sequence 2second 3the second (day, time etc) 4secondary 5vice- 6sub- 7infra- 8inferior quality 9substandard 10order 11sequence 12hypo- (chemistry) 13classifier for enumerated events: time 1Han ethnic group 2Chinese (language) 3the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) 4man ゔ 1dialect 2language 3speech 4to tell to 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng]

40 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1cooked (of food) 2ripe (of fruit) 3mature (of seeds) 4familiar 5skilled 6done 7see 熟 [shú] 30 1to rise 2to raise 3to get up 4to set out 5to start 6to appear 7to launch 8to initiate (action) 9to draft 10to establish 11to get (from a depot or counter) 12verb suffix, to start 13(before place or time) starting from 14classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance classifier for groups: batch, group 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1friend 1friend 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1interjection of surprise 2Ah! 3Oh! 4interjection expressing doubt or requiring answer 5Eh? 6what? 7to show realization 8to stress 9interjection of surprise or doubt 10Eh? 11My! 12what's up? 13interjection or grunt of agreement uhm Ah, OK expression of recognition Oh, it's you! modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent 1she 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to flow 2to disseminate 3to circulate or spread 4to move or drift 5to degenerate 6to banish or send into exile 7stream of water or sth resembling one 8class, rate or grade 1to walk 2to go 3to travel 4a visit 5temporary 6makeshift 7current 8in circulation 9to do 10to perform 11capable 12competent 13effective 14all right 15OK! 16will do professional relating to company behavior conduct 17a row 18series 19age order (of brothers) 20profession 1to experience 2to undergo 3to pass through 4all 5each 6every 7history 8calendar 1history 2annals 3title of an official historian in ancient China 1drama 2play 3show 4severe 4surname Shi ゔぷ 1to ascertain 2to act on 3to criticize 4to pass on 5classifier for batches, lots, military flights 6tier (for the ranking of universities and colleges) 1to discuss 2to comment 3to criticize 4to judge 5to choose (by public appraisal) 1to weave 2to plait 3to organize 4to group 5to arrange 6to edit 7to compile 8to write 9to compose 10to fabricate 1position 2location 3place 4seat 5classifier for people (honorific) 6classifier for binary bits (e.g. 十六位 16-bit or 2 bytes) 1woolen material 2particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about...?", "And...?") 3particle for inquiring about location ("Where is...?") 4particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action particle indicating strong affirmation 1to fall 2to collapse 3to topple 4to fail 5to go bankrupt 6to change (trains or buses) 7to move around 8to sell 9to speculate (buying and selling, also 搗 捣 ) 10profiteer to move backwards however actually as a matter of fact contrary to expectation 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 11to place upside down 12to invert 13to pour 14to throw out ゞ 1light 2easy 3gentle 4soft 5reckless 6unimportant 7frivolous 8small in number 9unstressed 10neutral 11to disparage を 1to feel 2to find that 3thinking 4awake 5aware 6a nap 7a sleep 8CL: 場 场 [cháng] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1ministry 2department 3section 4part 5division 6troops 7board 8classifier for works of literature, films, machines etc 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source

41 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1to be able to 2to be capable of 3ability 4capability 5able 6capable 7can possibly 8(usually used in the negative) to have the possibility of 9surname Neng 31 ゔ 1complicated 2many 3in great numbers 4abbr. for 繁體 繁体 [fán tǐ], traditional form of Chinese characters 1body 2form 3style 4system 1letter 2symbol 3character 4word 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6courtesy or style name traditionally given to males aged 20 in dynastic China 1simple 2uncomplicated 3letter 4to choose 5to select 6bamboo strips used for writing (old) 1two 2both 3some 4a few 5tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1 16 of a catty 斤 [jīn] (old) 1thousand 2a swing 3a swing 1to yield 2to permit 3to let sb do sth 4to have sb do sth 1to change or replace 2to experience 3one of the five two hour periods into which the night was formerly divided 4watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard) 5more 6even more 7further 8still 9still more 1to hold 2to contain 3to allow 4to tolerate 5appearance 6look 7countenance 8surname Rong ゔ 1to piece together 2to join together 3to stake all 4adventurous 5at the risk of one's life 6to spell 1sound 2noise 3note (of musical scale) 4tone 5news 6syllable 7reading (phonetic value of a character) 1as 2as if 3such as 1I 2me 3my 1to link 2to join 3to connect 4continuously 5in succession 6including 7(used with 也, 都 etc) even 8company (military) 1capital city 2metropolis 3surname Du 4all 5both 6entirely 7(used for emphasis) even 8already 9(not) at all 1to recognize 2to know 3to admit 9surname Lian ゔ 1to know 2knowledge 3Taiwan pr. [shì] 4to record 5to write a footnote 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1five 25 1to disappear 2to vanish 3to eliminate 4to spend (time) 5have to 6need 1to lose 2to miss 3to fail

42 32 3 You Love Me Chinese Text 如果你爱我 这个世界上有说不完的 " 如果 ", 有的实现起来很容易, 有的很难很难, 不可能实现的 " 如果 " 也太多太多 这个新年, 这个城市的人都知道一个 " 如果 "--" 如果你爱我就带我去看 男才女貌 " 街头公交车站的大广告上, 一男一女两个人拉着手走路, 非常幸福 " 如果你爱我 ", 我们每个人都会问, 至少会在心里问 我们都想在深爱对方的同时, 也被对方深爱 如果你爱我, 就给我摘个星星 如果你爱我, 就带我去月亮 没问题, 你就全答应 如果你爱我, 就带我去看 男才女貌 没问题, 你当然也会答应 问题是, 这本来只适合两个人之间悄悄问, 哪能放在广告上问? 男友说 : 如果我的爱情需要看这部电影来表示, 我才不要爱你 女友说 : 你到底爱不爱我, 哪能一部电影说了算 我们就是不想为看不看这部电影吵架 Chinese Text and Pinyin rú guǒ nǐ ài wǒ 如 果 你 爱 我 zhè gè shì jiè shàng yǒu shuō bù wán de rú guǒ 这 个 世 界 上 有 说 不 完 的 " 如 果 ", yǒu de shí xiàn qǐ lái hěn róng yì yǒu de 有 的 实 现 起 来 很 容 易, 有 的 hěn nán hěn nán bù kě néng shí xiàn de rú 很 难 很 难, 不 可 能 实 现 的 " 如 guǒ yě tài duō tài duō 果 " 也 太 多 太 多 zhè gè xīn nián zhè gè chéng shì de rén dōu 这 个 新 年, 这 个 城 市 的 人 都 zhī dào yī gè rú guǒ rú guǒ nǐ ài wǒ 知 道 一 个 " 如 果 "--" 如 果 你 爱 我,

43 33 jiù dài wǒ qù kàn nán cái nǚ mào 就 带 我 去 看 男 才 女 貌 " jiē tóu gōng jiāo chē zhàn de dà guǎng gào shàng 街 头 公 交 车 站 的 大 广 告 上, yī nán yī nǚ liǎng gè rén lā zhuó shǒu zǒu lù 一 男 一 女 两 个 人 拉 着 手 走 路, fēi cháng xìng fú 非 常 幸 福 rú guǒ nǐ ài wǒ wǒ men měi gè rén dū " 如 果 你 爱 我 ", 我 们 每 个 人 都 huì wèn zhì shǎo huì zài xīn lǐ wèn wǒ 会问, 至少会在心里问 我 men dōu xiǎng zài shēn ài duì fāng de tóng shí 们都想在深爱对方的同时, yě bèi duì fāng shēn ài rú guǒ nǐ ài wǒ 也 被 对 方 深 爱 如 果 你 爱 我, jiù gěi wǒ zhāi gè xīng xīng rú guǒ nǐ ài 就 给 我 摘 个 星 星 如 果 你 爱 wǒ jiù dài wǒ qù yuè liàng méi wèn tí 我, 就 带 我 去 月 亮 没 问 题, nǐ jiù quán dá yìng rú guǒ nǐ ài wǒ 你 就 全 答 应 如 果 你 爱 我, jiù dài wǒ qù kàn nán cái nǚ mào 就 带 我 去 看 男 才 女 貌 méi wèn tí nǐ dāng rán yě huì dá yìng 没 问 题, 你 当 然 也 会 答 应 wèn tí shì zhè běn lái zhǐ shì hé liǎng gè 问题是, 这本来只适合两个 rén zhī jiān qiāo qiāo wèn nǎ néng fàng zài guǎng 人 之 间 悄 悄 问, 哪 能 放 在 广 gào shàng wèn 告 上 问? nán yǒu shuō rú guǒ wǒ de ài qíng xū yào 男 友 说 : 如 果 我 的 爱 情 需 要 kàn zhè bù diàn yǐng lái biǎo shì wǒ cái bú 看 这 部 电 影 来 表 示, 我 才 不 yào ài nǐ nǚ yǒu shuō nǐ dào dǐ ài 要爱你 女友说 : 你到底爱 bù ài wǒ nǎ néng yī bù diàn yǐng shuō le 不 爱 我, 哪 能 一 部 电 影 说 了

44 34 suàn wǒ men jiù shì bù xiǎng wèi kàn bù kàn 算 我 们 就 是 不 想 为 看 不 看 zhè bù diàn yǐng chǎo jià 这 部 电 影 吵 架 Word List 如果 rúguǒ if, in case 1--very high [adv] 你 nǐ you (second person, singular) one, anyone, a person 1--very high [pron,n] 爱 ài love, like, be fond of... have deep affection for... cherish, treasure, hold dear have the habit of doing sth, like to do sth, be apt to do sth Ai (surname) whether or not (used with bù 不 "not" in front of the same verb to indicate free choice, e.g., àixìn-bùxìn 愛信不信 / 爱信不信 "believe it or not", or àiyào-bùyào 愛要不要 / 爱要不要 "take it or leave it") 1--very high [v,n,sn] 我 wǒ I, me; my {written} we; our {written} our country (usu. referring to China); our country's self Wo (surname) 1--very high [pron,sn] 这个 zhège this one (person or thing) this how...!, what...! (used in exclamations) 1--very high [pron] 世界 shìjiè world {Buddhism} cosmos throughout the world, all over the world prevailing situation general mood of society sphere of activity, realm 1--very high [n] 上 shàng on, on top of... last, the previous (like shàng [gè] xīngqīwǔ 上 [ 個 ] 星期五 "last Friday") first (in a series) go up, go up to mount, board (a vehicle) go to, leave for submit, send bolt, lock (a door, etc.) (used after a verb as a resultative ending to indicate the amount or extent reached) 1--very high [v,co,postp] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1- -very high [v,auxv,sn] 说不完 shuōbùwán (be) a never-ending story of... (misery, etc.) untold 3--medium 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房 子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 有的 yǒude some there is plenty to be... (like hái yǒude zhǎng 還有的長 / 还有的长 has a lot of growing yet to do) 1--very high [phr] 实现 shíxiàn realize, achieve, bring about come true, come about, materialize 1--very high [v] 起来 qǐlái stand up, get to one's feet get up, get out of bed rise (up), arise, revolt 1--very high [vi,vc] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 容易 róngyì simple, easy likely, easily, liable to, prone to 1--very high [adj] 难 nán be difficult/hard cause sb difficulty, put sb in a difficult position unlikely, hardly possible, uncertain hard on sb, unpleasant to (the ear, eye, etc.) 1--very high [adj,v] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 可能 kěnéng possible, probable, likely may, maybe, probably possibly probability, possibility, likelihood 1--very high [adj,adv,n] 也 yě also, too, as well (followed by a negative) (not) even nevertheless, still 1--very high [adv] 太 tài too, excessively so, extremely (used in an exclamatory clause) greatest, highest Tai (surname) 1--very high [adv,adj,sn] 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1- -very high [num,adj,sn] 新年 xīnnián New Year 1--very high [n] 城市 chéngshì city, town 1--very high [n] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1- -very high [n,sn] 都 dōu all, both, every, in every case (when preceding shì 是, indicates the cause of sth that happened) it's all because of... (following a stressed subject, or in the pattern lián 連 / 连 dōu 都 ) even..., already... (as in Dōu shíyī diǎn le! 都十一點了 / 都十一点了! "It's eleven o'clock already!") (used in a question with an interrogative pronoun to ask for a plural answer, e.g., Nǐ dōu mǎi shénme le 你都買甚麼了 / 你都买什么了? "What things did you buy?") 1--very high [adv] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1--very high [v]

45 35 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1- -very high [mw] 就 jiù then, in that case on the subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as exactly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending) 1--very high [conj,adv,v] 带 dài carry, bring, take (along) belt, girdle, band, ribbon, tape, magnetic tape {automotive} tire zone, area, belt {med} whites, Leucorrhoea do sth incidentally show, bear, have hold, contain; include, (of an item for purchase, an apartment, etc.) come with (accessories, furniture, etc.) with (sth attached) lead, supervise (like students) bring up, raise, look after (like children) promote, provide momentum to 1--very high [v,n] 去 qù go (to), go away, leave, depart get rid of, remove (verb suffix indicating movement to a place) 1--very high [vi,v] 看 kàn look, see, read think, view (the situation) visit, call on (friends, etc.) 1--very high [v] 男才女貌 náncáinǚmào (non-standard but common way of saying lángcái-nǚmào 郎才女貌 ) "talented man and beautiful woman" a perfect match 3--medium [cy] 街头 jiētóu street corner, (in) the street, (in) the city 1--very high [n] 公交车 gōngjiāochē public transport vehicle (including public buses, trolleys, and subway) 2--high [n] 站 zhàn stand, take a stand stop, cease; a stop, station service centre, service station {measure word}... stop(s) of... (used for the stops of a train/bus) {IT} (short for wǎngzhàn 網站 / 网站 ) website 1--very high [v,n,mw] 大 dà big, large, great greatly, to a large extent, in a major way major, important, main general strong, heavy loud, high (like volume of sound, or sb's voice) (of persons) old (i.e. of a certain age) the oldest (among two or more) adult, elder (as emphatic prefix) even on...(followed by a time expression, as in dà Xīngqīrì 大星期日 "even on Sundays") (as honorific prefix) your... (used for transcription of the syllable -da- in foreign names) Da (surname) 1--very high [adj,co,sn] 广告 guǎnggào advertisement, ad 1- -very high [n] 男 nán man; male son baron (title in European nobility) baron (the fifth of the five ranks of nobility in feudal China of the past) Nan (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 女 nǚ woman, female girl, daughter {Chinese astronomy} Nü (Nǚ Xiù 女宿 "Nü constellation", one of the Èrshíbā Xiù 二十八宿 "28 Lunar Mansions of the Chinese zodiac") 1--very high [n] 两 liǎng two, both (sides, parties, etc.) liang (Chinese ounce, equal to 50 grams) tael (unit of silver) liang (unit of 25 soldiers) 1--very high [num] 拉着 lāzhe pulling drawing dragging out drawing out 2--high [v] 手 shǒu the hand personally, with one's own hands person engaged in a certain task; person with a particular skill {measure word} (used for skill, dexterity, etc.)1--very high [n,mw] 走路 zǒulù walk, travel on foot leave, depart run away, flee 1--very high [vo] 非常 fēicháng extraordinary, unusual very, extremely 1--very high [adj,adv] 幸福 xìngfú be happy, be blessed with good fortune happiness 1--very high [n,adj] 我们 wǒmen we, us, our 1--very high [pron] 每 měi each, every every time, whenever Mei (surname) 1--very high [adj,pref,sn] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1- -very high [mw] 会 huì meeting meet with can, could understand, know (like a language) be able to will, be likely to, be possible, possibly moment, short while Hui (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 问 wèn ask, inquire send one's regards, inquire after (sb's health etc.) Wen (surname) 1- -very high [v,sn] 至少 zhìshǎo at least 1--very high [adv] 在心 zàixīn mind, be concerned take to heart 2--high [v] 里 lǐ in, inside (as a postposition) 1- -very high [adv,suf,postp] 想 xiǎng think (of); intend; be keen on sth want to, would like to long for, recall with fondness, miss, think of desire 1--very high [v]

46 36 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 深爱 shēn'ài deeply/dearly love, be deeply attached to 3--medium [v] 对方 duìfāng the opposite side, the other party 1- -very high [n] 同时 tóngshí at the same time simultaneously moreover, furthermore 1--very high [adv] 被 bèi (as passive prefix) be... by (followed by a verb: indicates passive voice, used directly before the verb without mentioning the doer of the action) {new usage} (used before a verb or noun in a sarcastic or jocular way to indicate that the word is at odds with the facts, or that sb was forced to do sth) quilt {written} cover (with) suffer, meet, encounter 1--very high [pref,n,v] 给 gěi give, hand (to), present, grant (after a verb indicating transfer) to, toward; for, for the benefit of let, allow (also used as an emphatic particle, mainly in passive-voice sentences) 1--very high [v,adv,prep] 摘 zhāi pluck, pick, take off take off (hat, glasses, necktie etc.) select (like extracts, excerpts) borrow money to meet an emergency reprimand, reprove 2--high [v] 星星 xīngxing star; the stars 1--very high [n] 月亮 yuèliang the moon 1--very high [n] 没 méi not exist, not have, not be there, be without there is not not as... as not... than scarcely less than not yet did not (used like méiyǒu 沒有 / 没有 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 问题 wèntí question, problem, issue crux, key, heart mishap, trouble, accident 1--very high [n] 全 quán complete, total whole, entire, all completely, totally, entirely Quan (surname) 1- -very high [adj,adv,sn] 答应 dāying answer reply respond promise agree comply with {regional} (mostly in the negative) forgive, tolerate 1--very high [v] 当然 dāngrán the way it should be of course, without doubt 1--very high [adv] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 本 běn book {measure word}... volume(s) of...(used for books, scripts, reels of film, etc.) root, stem (of a plant) origin, basis, foundation {finance} capital, principal original one's own, native, home present, current, this originally edition script (of a play) memorial to the Emperor 1--very high [n,mw,adj,adv] 来 lái come, come hither arrive (of seasons, etc.) arise, crop up (of problems, etc.) cause to come, let come, I'll have... (used in ordering in a restaurant) cause to arrive or take place for the past (amount of time) in order to (take some action) (following numbers) approximately (verb suffix) Lai (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 只 zhǐ only, merely, just 1--very high [adv,conj] 适合 shìhé fit, be suitable 1--very high [v] 之间 zhījiān between, in the midst of 1--very high [adv] 悄悄 qiāoqiāo quietly, without being noticed, secretly1--very high [adv] 哪能 nǎnéng how can one, how is it possible that 3--medium [adv] 放 fàng release, set free, let go, let out put, place (in, on, etc.) let oneself go, give way to put in, add put (livestock, horses, etc.) out to pasture turn on, play (a movie, etc.) banish, exile, send away set off (like firecrackers) ignite, light, set fire to lend at interest (of clothing) let out, make larger (of blossoms, flowers) open, bloom keep (for future use), put aside fell, cut down (trees, etc.) (starting an imperative sentence) Be more...! (preceding 著... 不.../ 着... 不...) neglect/refuse (to do sth) 1--very high [v] 男友 nányǒu boyfriend male friend 2--high 说 shuō speak, say, talk explain, give an explanation theory, doctrine, views scold, criticize act as go-between or matchmaker, introduce refer to, hint, indicate point to 1--very high [v] 爱情 àiqíng love (between man and women) 1- -very high [n] 需要 xūyào need, require 1--very high [v,n] 部 bù department, ministry (or similar organizational or administrative unit) part, section headquarters (esp. military) unit, force, troops category, class (under one's) command {measure word} (used for films, books, vehicles, machines, laws, regulations, rules) Bu (surname) 1- -very high [n,mw,sn] 电影 diànyǐng movie, motion picture 1--very high [n] 表示 biǎoshì express, show, manifest indicate, signify expression, manifestation, indication 1- -very high [v,n] 才 cái talent, ability, gift talented (or capable, gifted) person, talent Cai (surname) (used like 纔 / 才 ) {grammar} just (now) (indicates sth has just happened) only, only then (indicates sth happening later than expected) only in this case, only under such a condition (indicates sth happens only under a given condition) only after... (indicates sth new has happened) barely, hardly, only (indicates

47 37 sth/sb is comparatively small/weak) definitely, by all means (used for emphasis/assertion, usually followed by the sentence-final particle ne 呢 ) 1- -very high [n,adv,sn] 不要 bùyào do not...! one should not (in the imperative meaning "do not...!" often contracted to "bié" 別 / 别, comparable to the English "don't...!")1- -very high [phr] 女友 nǚyǒu girl friend 1--very high [n] 到底 dàodǐ to the end after all, at (long) last, in the end (in questions, implies trying to get to the bottom of sth); (what/who/etc.) on earth 1- -very high [adv] 说了 算 suàn calculate, figure count, include plan, plot, calculate infer, think regard as, consider as count, be important {colloquial} (when followed by le 了 ) drop it, forget it (in the patterns "Verb + duōshao suàn duōshao 多少算多少 ", "Verb + dào nǎr suàn nǎr 到哪兒算哪兒 / 到哪儿算哪儿 ", etc.: "just 'Verb' as much [or far, etc.] as one can", "see how much [or how far, etc.] one can 'Verb' [and then call it a day]") 1--very high [v] 为 wéi be, mean serve as, act as become, turn do, act seem, appear by Wei (surname) 1--very high [v,auxv,sn] 吵架 chǎojià quarrel 1--very high [vo]

48 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style Chinese Character List 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1white 2snowy 3pure 4bright 5empty 6blank 7plain 8clear 9to make clear 10in vain 11gratuitous 12free of charge 13reactionary 14anti-communist 15funeral 16to stare coldly 17to write wrong character 18to state 19to explain vernacular spoken lines in opera surname Bai 38 1dish (type of food) 2vegetables 3vegetable 4cuisine 5CL: 盤 盘 [pán], 道 [dào] 1ten 210 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1to see 2to meet 3to appear (to be sth) 4to interview 5to appear 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 [nín]) 9see 可汗 [kè hán] ゔ 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 6surname Gao 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1moon 2month 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 輪 轮 [lún] 1I 2me 3my 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1it 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1cause 2reason 3because

49 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 39 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) ゞ 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

50 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 40 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai エ 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate ぷ 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] ゴ 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

51 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 41 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo エ 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

52 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 42 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance

53 43 Chinese 4 Lust 机会 我看色戒 Text 李安的才华不用多说, 他一出手就是大片 这一次, 他主要通过色来看人性 这是个机会 要么多一位情色大师, 要么多一部色情大片, 大不了如此 几十年前, 他就是知道这个道理, 想做, 却做不到, 因为他那时没名 没钱 而现在, 他是行业老手, 想表达一下对人性更深的认识, 想表现一下更高的专业能力, 又有人出钱, 有什么不可以? 此时不出手, 还等什么? 我们先不说片子好不好, 至少现在, 还没有第二人在中文片里如此表现 出色 男主人公, 是个数一数二的人物 只要有他出现, 一定是大片 这次, 他的机会是做以前没做过的两件事一是做个反面人物 几年前在 2046 里, 他以相同外形出现过, 不过那时是个正面人物, 这次却正相反 二是做个 情色高手 他接过的片子不少, 但还没有这么出位的, 能不能做到专业第一, 难度很大 如果这两点都做到了, 还做得很好, 那么他会得到更多人认可, 会更出名 这样一来, 他就可能得到更多走出国门的机会 女主人公, 是个百分百的新人 看一百人, 再看一百人, 看了九百多人, 李安就看中了她, 这说明她身上一定有其他人所没有的东西, 才能得到这个机会 同时她知道, 和李安合作, 一定要使出全身解数, 那么在这个机会之后, 还会有更多的机会 有人为此很看不起她, 说只是一个 色 而已 可是 色 不好么? 它对出名大有用处为什么不用? 出名要早 这话是原小说作者说的, 她不会不知道 出道就出名, 年少又色美, 再加能说一口流利的美国话, 我认为她会更红 Chinese Text and Pinyin jī huì wǒ kàn sè jiè 机 会 我 看 色 戒 lǐ ān de cái huá bù yòng duō shuō tā yī 李 安 的 才 华 不 用 多 说, 他 一 chū shǒu jiù shì dà piàn zhè yī cì tā 出 手 就 是 大 片 这 一 次, 他 zhǔ yào tōng guò sè lái kàn rén xìng zhè shì 主 要 通 过 色 来 看 人 性 这 是 gè jī huì yào me duō yī wèi qíng sè 个 机 会 要 么 多 一 位 情 色

54 44 dà shī yào me duō yī bù sè qíng dà piàn 大 师, 要 么 多 一 部 色 情 大 片, dà bù liǎo rú cǐ jǐ shí nián qián tā 大 不 了 如 此 几 十 年 前, 他 jiù shì zhī dào zhè gè dào lǐ xiǎng zuò 就 是 知 道 这 个 道 理, 想 做, què zuò bù dào yīn wèi tā nà shí méi míng 却 做 不 到, 因 为 他 那 时 没 名 méi qián ér xiàn zài tā shì háng yè lǎo 没 钱 而 现 在, 他 是 行 业 老 shǒu xiǎng biǎo dá yī xià duì rén xìng gèng shēn 手, 想 表 达 一 下 对 人 性 更 深 de rèn shí xiǎng biǎo xiàn yī xià gèng gāo de 的 认 识, 想 表 现 一 下 更 高 的 zhuānyè néng lì yòu yǒu rén chū qián yǒu 专业能力, 又有人出钱, 有 shén me bù kě yǐ cǐ shí bù chū shǒu 什么不可以? 此时不出手, huán děng shén me wǒ men xiān bù shuō piàn zi 还等什么? 我们先不说片子 hǎo bù hǎo zhì shǎo xiàn zài huán méi yǒu 好 不 好, 至 少 现 在, 还 没 有 dì èr rén zài zhōng wén piàn lǐ rú cǐ biǎo xiàn 第 二 人 在 中 文 片 里 如 此 表 现 chū sè 出 色 nán zhǔ rén gōng shì gè shù yī shù èr de 男 主 人 公, 是 个 数 一 数 二 的 rén wù zhǐ yào yǒu tā chū xiàn yī dìng 人 物 只 要 有 他 出 现, 一 定 shì dà piàn zhè cì tā de jī huì shì 是 大 片 这 次, 他 的 机 会 是 zuò yǐ qián méi zuò guò de liǎng jiàn shì yī 做 以 前 没 做 过 的 两 件 事 : 一 shì zuò gè fǎn miàn rén wù jǐ nián qián zài 是 做 个 反 面 人 物 几 年 前 在 lǐ tā yǐ xiāng tóng wài xíng chū 2046 里, 他 以 相 同 外 形 出 xiàn guò bú guò nà shí shì gè zhèng miàn rén 现过, 不过那时是个正面人

55 45 wù zhè cì què zhèng xiāng fǎn èr shì zuò 物, 这 次 却 正 相 反 二 是 做 gè qíng sè gāo shǒu tā jiē guò de 个 情 色 高 手 他 接 过 的 piàn zi bù shǎo dàn huán méi yǒu zhè me chū 片子不少, 但还没有这么出 wèi de néng bù néng zuò dào zhuān yè dì yī 位 的, 能 不 能 做 到 专 业 第 一, nán dù hěn dà rú guǒ zhè liǎng diǎn dōu zuò 难 度 很 大 如 果 这 两 点 都 做 dào le huán zuò dé hěn hǎo nà me tā 到 了, 还 做 得 很 好, 那 么 他 huì dé dào gèng duō rén rèn kě huì gèng chū 会 得 到 更 多 人 认 可, 会 更 出 míng zhè yàng yī lái tā jiù kě néng dé 名 这 样 一 来, 他 就 可 能 得 dào gèng duō zǒu chū guó mén de jī huì 到 更 多 走 出 国 门 的 机 会 nǚ zhǔ rén gōng shì gè bǎi fēn bǎi de xīn 女 主 人 公, 是 个 百 分 百 的 新 rén kàn yī bǎi rén zài kàn yī bǎi rén 人 看 一 百 人, 再 看 一 百 人, kàn le jiǔ bǎi duō rén lǐ ān jiù kàn zhōng 看 了 九 百 多 人, 李 安 就 看 中 le tā zhè shuō míng tā shēn shàng yī dìng yǒu 了 她, 这 说 明 她 身 上 一 定 有 qí tā rén suǒ méi yǒu de dōng xī cái néng 其 他 人 所 没 有 的 东 西, 才 能 dé dào zhè gè jī huì tóng shí tā zhī dào 得到这个机会 同时她知道, hé lǐ ān hé zuò yī dìng yào shǐ chū quán 和 李 安 合 作, 一 定 要 使 出 全 shēn jiě shù nà me zài zhè gè jī huì zhī 身解数, 那么在这个机会之 hòu huán huì yǒu gèng duō de jī huì yǒu 后, 还 会 有 更 多 的 机 会 有 rén wèi cǐ hěn kàn bù qǐ tā shuō zhǐ shì 人 为 此 很 看 不 起 她, 说 只 是 yī gè sè ér yǐ kě shì sè 一 个 色 而 已 可 是 色 bù hǎo me tā duì chū míng dà yǒu yòng chù

56 46 不好么? 它对出名大有用处, wèi shén me bù yòng chū míng yào zǎo 为 什 么 不 用? 出 名 要 早 zhè huà shì yuán xiǎo shuō zuò zhě shuō de tā 这 话 是 原 小 说 作 者 说 的, 她 bù huì bù zhī dào chū dào jiù chū míng 不 会 不 知 道 出 道 就 出 名, nián shǎo yòu sè měi zài jiā néng shuō yī kǒu 年少又色美, 再加能说一口 liú lì de měi guó huà wǒ rèn wèi tā huì 流 利 的 美 国 话, 我 认 为 她 会 gèng hóng 更红 Word List 机会 jīhuì opportunity, chance 1--very high [n] 我 wǒ I, me; my {written} we; our {written} our country (usu. referring to China); our country's self Wo (surname) 1--very high [pron,sn] 看 kàn look, see, read think, view (the situation) visit, call on (friends, etc.) 1--very high [v] 色 sè colour look, expression, countenance kind, type, sort scene, sight, view (of merchandise, gold, etc.) quality, purity (mostly of women) good looks, attractive appearance sex, eroticism 1- -very high [n] 戒 jiè guard against, avoid warn, admonish give up, abstain from religious discipline (of Buddhists) finger ring order, command 2--high [v,n] 李 lǐ plum, Prunus (the tree or its fruit) judicial official Li (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 安 ān peace peaceful, quiet, calm, tranquil stabilize, calm (down) be content, satisfied safe, secure, healthy find a place for, place in a suitable position install, fit, fix bring a charge against, claim credit for be up to sth, harbour (certain intentions) An (surname) where how (as rhetorical particle) {physics} ampere (short for ānpéi 安培 ) 1--very high [n,v,sn] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 才华 cáihuá talent (mostly literary or artistic) 2- -high [n] 不用 bùyòng need not, no use to dispense with 1--very high [auxv] 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1--very high [num,adj,sn] 说 shuō speak, say, talk explain, give an explanation theory, doctrine, views scold, criticize act as go-between or matchmaker, introduce refer to, hint, indicate point to 1--very high [v] 他 tā he, she, it him, his (personal pronoun, prior to the May Fourth Movement [1919] used for all genders; now generally only used in reference to males, in cases when no gender differentiation is necessary, or when the gender is unknown; this is also the standard usage in Taiwan) other, another (as in tārì 他日 "on another day") 1--very high [pron,adj] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 出 chū go out, exit, come out, come from give out, issue, offer occur, happen, arise, emerge, show, appear produce, turn out, yield publish vent (like one's anger) expend, pay (out), spend {measure word} (used for theatrical or acrobatic performances, plays, readings, etc.) {regional} (suffix indicating direction of movement) (as verb ending) out 1--very high [v,mw,co] 手 shǒu the hand personally, with one's own hands person engaged in a certain task; person with a particular skill {measure word} (used for skill, dexteri-

57 47 ty, etc.) 1--very high [n,mw] 就 jiù then, in that case on the subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as exactly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending) 1--very high [conj,adv,v] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 大片 dàpiàn large stretch/expanse of, broad/vast (area) big (flat) piece (of sth) 2--high [n] 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 次 cì order, sequence, position (in a sequence),... times arrangement the following, second, next sub- (as in cìdàlù 次大陸 / 次大陆 "subcontinent") second-rate, inferior, shoddy, substandard, of low(er) quality {written} stopover, lay-over among, between, in the middle of {measure word}... time(s) (following a numeral, used for number of occurrences/times/occasions) Ci (surname) {chem} hypo- 1--very high [n,adj,prep,mw,sn] 主要 zhǔyào main, chief, major, essential, principal, primary mainly 1--very high [adj,adv] 通过 tōngguò through, by way of, by means of, by pass through, traverse pass, adopt (legislation, etc.) pass (an examination/inspection) ask the consent/approval of 1--very high [v] 来 lái come, come hither arrive (of seasons, etc.) arise, crop up (of problems, etc.) cause to come, let come, I'll have... (used in ordering in a restaurant) cause to arrive or take place for the past (amount of time) in order to (take some action) (following numbers) approximately (verb suffix) Lai (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 人性 rénxìng human nature, humanity 1--very high [n] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1--very high [mw] 要么 yàome or either... or medium [conj] 位 wèi {measure word, formal/polite}... lady/ladies/gentleman/gentlemen (used for persons) place, position, location status, situation, position be located throne {math} digit, place {physics} potential Wei (surname) 1--very high [n,v,mw,sn] 情色 qíngsè {TW usage} erotic 2--high [adj] 大师 dàshī great master (of the arts) Great Master (form of address for a monk) 2--high [n] 部 bù department, ministry (or similar organizational or administrative unit) part, section headquarters (esp. military) unit, force, troops category, class (under one's) command {measure word} (used for films, books, vehicles, machines, laws, regulations, rules) Bu (surname) 1--very high [n,mw,sn] 色情 sèqíng sex, erotic feeling, pornography 1- -very high [n] 大不了 dàbuliǎo at (the) worst terrible, serious (mostly used in the negative) 2--high [adv] 如此 rúcǐ so, like this, this way 1--very high [adv] 几十年 jǐshínián tens of years, several decades 2- -high 前 qián in front forward, ahead front, first before, ago previous, preceding {Chinese chess} at the front (the piece at the front, relative to the player) 1--very high [adj,adv,suf] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1--very high [v] 这个 zhège this one (person or thing) this how...!, what...! (used in exclamations) 1--very high [pron] 道理 dàoli principle, basic truth reason, argument 1--very high [n] 想 xiǎng think (of); intend; be keen on sth want to, would like to long for, recall with fondness, miss, think of desire 1--very high [v] 做 zuò work, do make, create, manufacture, produce be, become, act as, be used as write, compose play the part of, disguise oneself as hold (a celebration, like a birthday) 1--very high [v] 却 què yet, but, however step back, move backwards repulse, drive, push or beat back reject, decline, refuse (particle used to introduce a story) 1- -very high [adv] 做不到 zuòbudào be beyond one's capability to do cannot do 2--high [v] 因为 yīnwèi because, on account of, for (often pronounced yīnwei) 1--very high [conj] 那时 nàshí (at) that time 1--very high [n,adv] 没 méi not exist, not have, not be there, be without there is not not as... as not... than scarcely less than not yet did not (used like méiyǒu 沒有 / 没有 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 名 míng (personal) name fame, reputation famous, well-known {measure word} (used for persons of a certain category, profession, etc.) 1--very high [n,adj,mw] 钱 qián money; cash coin {unit of weight} qian (approx. equivalent to 5 grams) Qian (surname) 3--medium [n,meas,sn] 而 ér (joining two adjectives)...and... (indicating a sequence or consequence)... and thus..., therefore (indicating a contrast)...but... (indicating a transition)...to... (indicating sth happens at a certain time) at..., when... (indicating sth happens under a certain condition) if very high [conj] 现在 xiànzài now nowadays, today, at the present

58 48 time 1--very high [n] 行业 hángyè business, trade, profession 1- -very high [n] 老手 lǎoshǒu old hand, experienced person 2- -high 表达 biǎodá express (feelings, ideas) 1--very high [v] 一下 yīxià (used after a verb as its complement, indicates doing sth a short duration, or trying to do sth) (used after a verb as its complement, indicates a single occurrence of the action of the verb) once, one time a short while; in a short while; all at once, suddenly in one fell swoop, at one stroke, in one go 1--very high [adv] 对 duì toward, to, facing, regarding be directed at, confront, treat, cope with opposite couple, pair (usually a man and a woman) {measure word}... pair(s) of... (used for things that come in pairs, like shoes, or for abstract dualities, as in yī duì máodùn 一對矛盾 / 一 对矛盾 "a contradiction") agree, fit compare, identify, check set, adjust, synchronize (like clocks) pair up, fit together, coordinate correct, right adulterate, mix with, add, dilute (like wine with water) split in half (like profit) {literature, poetry} couplet 1--very high [adj,n,mw] 更 gèng more, still more, even more furthermore, further, what is more very high [adv] 深 shēn deep profound dark (of colour) 1--very high [adj] 认识 rènshi know, understand, recognize knowledge, understanding, cognition 1--very high [v,n] 表现 biǎoxiàn expression, behaviour, performance outward manifestation manifest, display show off 1--very high [n,v] 高 gāo high, tall (in contrast to dī 低 "low"); height (of quality, etc.) above average, top, superior, advanced of high(er) rank/degree/level (of sound) (too) loud/sharp/high {honorific} your, his/her, their (opinion, etc.) old, aged expensive, dear {colloquial, new usage} tipsy/drunk, "high" (on alcohol or drugs) (a literal translation of English "high") {chem} (of a chemical compound) "high-oxygen"; containing one more oxygen atom (as in gāoměngsuānjiǎ 高錳酸鉀 / 高锰酸钾 "potassium permanganate") {math, geometry} the altitude (like of a triangle) Gao (surname) 1--very high [adj,co,sn] 专业 zhuānyè profession, specialization professional, specialized specialty, special field of study, major, program (in a college, university, or vocational school) area of specialization 1--very high [n,adj] 能力 nénglì ability, capability 1--very high [n] 又 yòu again also on the other hand... then (indicating one action happening right after another) (in the pattern 又 又 yòu...yòu...) both... and very high [adv] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1--very high [v,auxv,sn] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1- -very high [n,sn] 出钱 chūqián pay out money, disburse money 3- -medium [v] 什么 shénme what?; what kind of...? something, anything (used to express anger, surprise, censure or negation) (used to express disapproval or disagreement) (after a verb) for what, why (used to indicate an incomplete list) things like...; and so on, and what not in traditional characters, also written 什麼, 什麽, or 甚麽 1- -very high [qu,pref] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 可以 kěyǐ may, can passable, not bad, pretty good be worth (doing) 1--very high [adj,v] 此时 cǐshí this time, this moment, now 2- -high [n] 不出 bùchū not go out, not exceed 1--very high 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 等什么 děngshénme What are you waiting for? How long can it be until...? 3--medium 我们 wǒmen we, us, our 1--very high [pron] 先 xiān first, early, earlier, in advance for the time being deceased, late ancestors, forefathers, previous generations Xian (surname) 1--very high [adv,sn] 片子 piànzi (thin and flat) piece, flake calling card 2--high [n] 好不好 hǎobùhǎo how are you okay, yes or no is that okay? what do you think, how about it 2- -high 至少 zhìshǎo at least 1--very high [adv] 没有 méiyǒu not exist, not have there is not not as... as less than did not, has not (same meaning as méi 沒 / 没 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 第二 dì-èr the 2nd 0--very low 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 中文 Zhōngwén Chinese, the Chinese language Chinese literature Chinese script 1--very high [n] 片 piàn (flat and thin) piece (of sth), slice, flake movie, film sub-area/sub-section of a larger place cut into slices, slice (mostly meat) fragment; fragmentary, partial, brief, incomplete {measure word}... slice(s) of...,... stretch(es) of...,... feeling(s) of...(used for a flat piece of sth, like a tablet of medicine, a slice of bread; a section of land, water; for scenery, prevailing mood, sound, language, feeling, etc.) [n,v,adj,mw] 1--very high

59 49 里 lǐ in, inside (as a postposition) 1- -very high [adv,suf,postp] 出色 chūsè outstanding, splendid 1--very high [adj] 男 nán man; male son baron (title in European nobility) baron (the fifth of the five ranks of nobility in feudal China of the past) Nan (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 主人公 zhǔréngōng lead, hero or principal character in a play or novel master 2--high [n] 个数 gèshù {math} integer 2--high 数 shù number, figure {math} number {linguistics} number (i.e. plural, singular) several, a few fate, destiny (following a number) about, around, approximately 1--very high [n,adj] 二 èr two, 2; second; double; dual; binary second in charge/command, etc., sub-, vice- {colloquial} slow-witted, flaky comparable peer, equal different doubt, hesitate change1--very high [num,adj,v] 人物 rénwù personage, public figure, celebrity character (in a novel, etc.) figure (in a painting) 1- -very high [n] 只要 zhǐyào so long as, provided that... (often used with jiù 就 or biàn 便 ) only want, only need you need only to very high [phr] 出现 chūxiàn appear, emerge, happen 1--very high [v] 一定 yīdìng fixed, determined, definite, regular, specific certainly, definitely, surely, necessarily must, be bound to certain, particular, given a fair amount of, a good deal of, considerable; proper, due 1--very high [adj,adv] 以前 yǐqián before, previously, formerly 1- -very high [n] 做过两 liǎng two, both (sides, parties, etc.) liang (Chinese ounce, equal to 50 grams) tael (unit of silver) liang (unit of 25 soldiers) 1--very high [num] 件 jiàn {measure word}... piece(s) of..., item (used for clothing items, pieces of luggage, implements, utensils, matters, law cases, incidents, etc.) letter, document, piece of correspondence case (of bundled goods, such as soft drinks) {pottery/porcelain manufacturing} (standard measure for clay, used for measuring the size of vases) 1--very high [n,mw] 事 shì affair, matter, thing incident, event accident, trouble, untoward event business work, function job, occupation concerned with, involved in, responsible for serve, attend to do, carry out, be engaged in 1--very high [n,v,adv] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1--very high [mw] 反面 fǎnmiàn back, reverse side, wrong side negative (like character, experience) the other side (of the matter, coin) 2--high [adj,n] 几 jǐ How many? a few, several, some 1--very high [num] 年 nián year yearly, annual age period of life (like childhood, middle age) age, period (of history) harvest New Year, lunisolar New Year season (of special items) for the (lunisolar) New Year (like cakes, painting) (of friendship, etc.) between those who passed the Imperial examinations in the same year Nian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 以 yǐ in order to... take, use with, by means of, in, by (a certain means or fashion), at (a certain speed or rate) (used before the object of verbs with the sense of giving) because, because of...(a certain reason, excuse), on account of, given based on, considering, relative to, from the point of view of (a measure, standard) Yi (surname) [Yǐ] Israel (used as short form for Yǐsèliè 以色列, e.g., Yǐ Jūn 以軍 / 以军 "the Israeli Army") 1--very high [v,conj,sn] 相同 xiāngtóng identical, alike 1--very high [adj] 外形 wàixíng appearance, external form, contour, profile 1--very high [n] 过 guò go past, pass (by), go through, cross exceed, go beyond mistake blame or criticize sb for a mistake transfer (like money), adopt (like a child) read, go over, recall, call to mind {written} visit, stop by {regional} pass away, die {grammar} outperform, or fail (following dé 得 or bù 不 after a verb) {chem} per-, super- {regional} be contagious, infect Guo (surname) 1--very high [v,suf,co,sn] 不过 bùguò but, however, nevertheless 1- -very high [conj] 正面 zhèngmiàn front side (of a person) front, facade (of a building) front (of an advancing army); frontal (attack, etc.); head-on (e.g., conflict) right/obverse side (e.g., of paper, a carpet, in contrast to the back/reverse side) positive side; positive (e.g., example, image, as opposed to fǎnmiàn 反面 "negative") directly, openly, to sb's face (e.g., tell, answer, criticize) 1--very high [n,adj] 正相反 zhèngxiāngfǎn on the contrary diametrically opposed 3--medium 高手 gāoshǒu a master, expert (of a skill) 1- -very high [n] 接过 jiēguò take (into one's hands sth handed to one) 2--high [vo] 不少 bùshǎo there is a lot, there are many many, quite a few, quite a lot of 1--very high [phr] 但 dàn but, on the other hand, nevertheless only, merely, just Dan (surname) 1--very high [adv,conj,sn] 这么 zhème this way, so 1--very high [pron] 出位 chūwèi exceed one's authority, overstep the bounds, go too far 3--medium [v] 能 néng can be possible capable energy (such as in yuánzǐnéng 原子能 "atomic energy") 1- -very high [auxv,n] 做到 zuòdào achieve, attain, accomplish make 1--very high [v] 第一 dì-yī first primary, most important 1-

60 50 -very high [adj,num] 难度 nándù degree of difficulty, difficulty 1- -very high [n] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 大 dà big, large, great greatly, to a large extent, in a major way major, important, main general strong, heavy loud, high (like volume of sound, or sb's voice) (of persons) old (i.e. of a certain age) the oldest (among two or more) adult, elder (as emphatic prefix) even on...(followed by a time expression, as in dà Xīngqīrì 大星期日 "even on Sundays") (as honorific prefix) your... (used for transcription of the syllable -dain foreign names) Da (surname) 1--very high [adj,co,sn] 如果 rúguǒ if, in case 1--very high [adv] 点 diǎn point, dot, spot, stain drop (of a liquid) {math} (decimal) point {measure word} a little (of sth), some, a bit of... {measure word} point (also used for counting abstract items like proposals, comments, reasons) incline one's head, nod drip, administer in drops stain, tarnish {agriculture} dibble, plant in holes hint, point out, indicate ignite, light, kindle adorn, embellish choose, order (like a dish) point, spot (location) selected spots (in contrast to miàn 面 "the whole area") metal bell or clapper to announce the hour; hour, o'clock {grammar} (a bit) more... (shortened form of 一点 used after an adjective, e.g., kuài diǎn 快點 / 快点 "faster") cakes, refreshments, snacks {printing} point (size of type, approx. 3.5 mm) point to touch lightly and very briefly {IT} click (=diǎnjī 點 擊 / 点击 ) 1--very high [v,n,mw] 都 dōu all, both, every, in every case (when preceding shì 是, indicates the cause of sth that happened) it's all because of... (following a stressed subject, or in the pattern lián 連 / 连 dōu 都 ) even..., already... (as in Dōu shíyī diǎn le! 都十一點了 / 都十一点了! "It's eleven o'clock already!") (used in a question with an interrogative pronoun to ask for a plural answer, e.g., Nǐ dōu mǎi shénme le 你都買甚麼了 / 你都买什么了? "What things did you buy?") 1--very high [adv] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 做得 zuòde do (sth) (in a certain way) feasible, can be done 2--high [v] 好 hǎo good, nice, fine good to (eat, etc.) be well, in good health (before a verb) easy to... (as a verb complement, indicates finishing or finishing satisfactorily) be done...ing, finish...ing in order to, so that, for the purpose of {regional} may, can, should, ought to (emphasizes the meaning of adjectives) very, quite, pretty much... (used before adjectives to inquire about quantity or degree) how...(long, far, etc.)? 1--very high [adj,co] 那么 nàme that way, like that when preceding a number indicates estimation or approximation (like "about") in that case, then 1--very high [adv] 会 huì meeting meet with can, could understand, know (like a language) be able to will, be likely to, be possible, possibly moment, short while Hui (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 得到 dédào get, obtain, receive (forms a passive construction with a verbal noun following) 1--very high [v] 认可 rènkě approve, accept, confirm, allow, recognize approval, acceptance, confirmation, permission, recognition 1--very high [v] 出名 chūmíng (be or become) famous, well-known, renowned lend one's name to 2--high [adj,v] 这样 zhèyàng this way, like this, so 1--very high [adv,pron] 一来 yīlái on the one hand, first (mostly followed by a statement introduced by èrlái 二來 / 二来 ) 2- -high [adv] 可能 kěnéng possible, probable, likely may, maybe, probably possibly probability, possibility, likelihood 1--very high [adj,adv,n] 走出 zǒuchū go out (of) 1--very high [v] 国门 guómén the gates to the capital the frontier the god protecting the city gates 2--high [n] 女主人公 nǚzhǔrengōng heroine 0- -very low [n] 百分百 bǎifēnbǎi one hundred per cent (usu. bǎifēnzhībǎi 百分之百 ) 4--low [num] 新人 xīnrén new person (like a newly-arrived employee in a company) 1--very high [n] 一百 yībǎi very low 再看 zàikàn look again, take another look 3- -medium [v] 看了九百 jiǔbǎi very low [phr] 看中 kànzhòng find exactly what one likes see what one was looking for 2--high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 她 tā she (third person singular, feminine) her {formal} she (as a reference to one's country, party, flag, etc.) 1--very high [pron] 说明 shuōmíng explain, account for explanation, instructions indicate, show, prove 1--very high [v,n] 身上 shēnshang on (sb's body); in/on (sb) (have sth) on one's person, on one, with one1--very high [adv] 其他 qítā other, else 1--very high [adj] 所 suǒ place, location (suffix indicating office, institute, etc., e.g. yánjiūsuǒ 研究所 "research institute") {measure word} (used for houses, schools, hospitals, etc.) {grammar} (particle used between subject and verb to indicate a doer-action-receiver relationship: (a) in a clause modifying a noun, e.g., tā suǒ xiě de shū 他所寫的書 / 他所写的书 "the books he wrote"); (b) used in the structure "sth 是 sb [verb] 的 " (used after a phrase with bèi 被 or wéi 為 / 为 "by" and before the verb, e.g., wéi tā suǒ yòng 為他所用 / 为他所用 "be used by him")

61 51 {written} used before a verb to form a noun phrase, e.g., jìn zìjǐ de suǒnéng 盡自己的所能 / 尽自己的所能 "do all one can, do one's utmost" 1--very high [n,conj,mw] 东西 dōngxi thing creature (used to express dislike of a person or thing) 1--very high [n] 才能 cáinéng talent, ability 1--very high [n] 同时 tóngshí at the same time simultaneously moreover, furthermore 1--very high [adv] 和 hé and; with together with kind, gentle, mild; (be) on good terms with, harmonious; harmony, peace {sports} (of the result of a competition) a draw, a tie Japan, Japanese He (surname) 1--very high [conj,adj,n,sn] 合作 hézuò cooperate, collaborate cooperation, collaboration 1--very high [v,n] 要 yào want, need, desire demand, ask for, request must will, be going to need to, should it is necessary that..., one must... if if one hopes to..., in order to... (used in comparisons, for example 要比 yào bǐ or 比 要 bǐ...yào...), expresses a judgment/evaluation or highlights the difference important suppose that..., if, in case (yào..., yào...) either..., or... Yāo (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 使出 shǐchū put forth (like skill, effort) 3- -medium [v] 全身 quánshēn the whole body, all over the body maintain or preserve one's health 1--very high [n,v] 解数 xièshù ability, method, trick, skill posture/movement in martial arts 3--medium [n] 之后 zhīhòu after after that, afterwards, later 1--very high [adv] 为此 wèicǐ for this for this reason, to this end 1--very high [adv] 看不起 kànbuqǐ look down upon, despise 2- -high [v] 只是 zhǐshì only, merely, just; simply but, the only thing is, however 1--very high [adv] 而已 éryǐ and that is all, and nothing more, merely, only 1--very high [adv] 可是 kěshì but however yet 1--very high [adv,conj] 么 me (a suffix, as in shénme 甚麼 / 什么 "what?") 2--high [suf] 它 tā it (third person singular, neuter) other, another 1--very high [pron] 用处 yòngchu use, application, purpose 1- -very high [n] 为什么 wèishénme why 1--very high [adv,pron] 早 zǎo early morning long ago early in advance, beforehand good morning 1--very high [adv] 话 huà words, talk (spoken or written) talk about, discuss speech, language tell, instruct 1- -very high [n] 原 yuán source, origin original, former, previous originally, formerly primeval raw, crude, unprocessed forgive, pardon open country, plain, plateau, steppe in fact, actually forgive, excuse Yuan (surname) 1--very high [n,adj,v,sn] 小说 xiǎoshuō fiction, novel 1--very high [n] 作者 zuòzhě author, writer 1--very high [n] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1--very high [v] 出道 chūdào complete one's artistic apprenticeship make one's debut 2--high [vo] 年少 niánshào young 2--high [adj,n] 美 měi beautiful, pretty beautify good [M-] America the USA American 1--very high [adj,v,n] 再加 zàijiā besides, on top of that 2--high [conj] 一口 yīkǒu the (standard and clear) way sb speaks (used as a measure word for a language, meaning sb has good pronunciation) outright, flatly, readily, right away 1--very high [adv] 流利 liúlì fluent, fluid, smooth 2--high [adj] 美国 Měiguó America, the US American 1- -very high [n] 认为 rènwéi think, be of the opinion consider, hold, deem 1--very high [v] 红 hóng red (colour) {informal} be popular, be "hot", be in great demand red cloth (hung to symbolize festive occasions, success, happiness, good luck, etc.) {figurative} (politically) "red" (i.e. Communist, socialist-minded, revolutionary) {economics} dividend, bonus (symbol of success) Hong (surname) 1- -very high [adj,v,sn]

62 Chinese Character List Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1white 2snowy 3pure 4bright 5empty 6blank 7plain 8clear 9to make clear 10in vain 11gratuitous 12free of charge 13reactionary 14anti-communist 15funeral 16to stare coldly 17to write wrong character 18to state 19to explain vernacular spoken lines in opera surname Bai 52 1dish (type of food) 2vegetables 3vegetable 4cuisine 5CL: 盤 盘 [pán], 道 [dào] 1ten 210 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1to see 2to meet 3to appear (to be sth) 4to interview 5to appear 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 [nín]) 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 6surname Gao 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly ゔ 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1moon 2month 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 輪 轮 [lún] 1I 2me 3my 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1it 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1cause 2reason 3because

63 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 53 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

64 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 54 ウ 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be ゔ ゔ 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

65 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 55 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

66 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 56 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance 1face 2side 3surface 4aspect 5top 6classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc 7flour 8noodles 9flour 10noodles 1towards 2to face 3to turn towards 4direction 5to support 6to side with 7shortly before 8formerly 9always 10all along 11surname Xiang 12surname Xiang 13variant of 向, direction 14orientation 15to face 16to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to side with to be partial to all along (previously) surname Xiang variant of, direction orientation to face to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to 1public 2collectively owned 3common 4international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) 5make public 6fair 7just 8Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 9honorable (gentlemen) 10father-in-law male (animal) 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person 2employee 3member 1that 2those 3then (in that case) 4commonly pr. [nèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing 5variant of 哪 [nǎ] エ 1to think 2to believe 3to suppose 4to wish 5to want 6to miss (feel wistful about the absence of sb or sth) 1to carry (hanging down from the hand) 2to lift 3to put forward 4to mention 5to raise (an issue) 6upwards character stroke 7lifting brush stroke (in painting) 8scoop for measuring liquid 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 1from 2self 3oneself 4since 6surname Gao 1self 2oneself 3sixth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干 4sixth in order 5letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc 6hexa 1to make into 2to change into 3-ization 4to... -ize 5to transform 6abbr. for 化學 化学 [huà xué] 7variant of 花 1water 2river 3liquid 4beverage 5additional charges or income 6(of clothes) classifier for number of washes 7surname Shui 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 9surname Ping 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary 1strip 2item 3article 4clause (of law or treaty) 5classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1road 2CL: 條 条 [tiáo] 3journey 4route 5line (bus etc) 6sort 7kind 1how 8surname Lu 1flower 2blossom 3CL: 朵 [duǒ], 支 [zhī], 束 [shù], 把 [bǎ], 盆 [pén], 簇 [cù] 4fancy pattern 5florid 6to spend (money, time) 1to buy 2to purchase 7surname Hua 1beautiful 2very satisfactory 3good 4to be pleased with oneself 5the Americas 6abbr. for 美洲 [Měi zhōu] 7USA 8abbr. for 美國 美国 [Měi guó]

67 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1value 2(to be) worth 3to happen to 4to be on duty Definition and Stroke 57 1to obtain 2to get 3to gain 4to catch (a disease) 5proper 6suitable 7proud 8contented 9to allow 10to permit 11ready 12finished indicating effect, degree, possibility etc to have to must ought to to need to 1electric 2electricity 3electrical 1to look at 2to regard 3to inspect 13structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase 1festival 2holiday 3node 4joint 5section 6segment 7part 8to economize 9to save 10to abridge 11moral integrity 12classifier for segments, e.g. lessons, train wagons, biblical verses 13CL: 個 个 [gè] 1eye 2item 3section 4list 5catalogue 6table of contents 7order (taxonomy) 8goal 9name 10title 1to not be 2not 3wrong 4incorrect 5non- 6un- 7in- 8to reproach or blame 9(colloquial) to insist on 10simply must 11abbr. for 非洲 [Fēi zhōu], Africa 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang ゔ 1fire 2urgent 3ammunition 4fiery or flaming 5internal heat (Chinese medicine) 6hot (popular) 7classifier for military units (old) 1to speak 2to explain 3to negotiate 4to emphasise 5to be particular about 6as far as sth is concerned 7speech 8lecture 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 8surname Huo 1dialect 2language 3spoken words 4speech 5talk 6words 7conversation 8what sb said 9CL: 種 种 [zhǒng], 席 [xí], 句 [jù], 口 [kǒu], 番 [fān] 1book 2letter 3document 4CL: 本 [běn], 冊 册 [cè], 部 [bù] 5to write 6abbr. for 書經 书经 [shū jīng] 1to shout 2to call 3to order 4to ask 5to be called 6by (indicates agent in the passive mood) 1easy 2amiable 3to change 4to exchange 1day 2sky 3heaven 5surname Yi 1to be 2to act as 3manage 4withstand 5when 6during 7ought 8should 9match equally 10equal 11same 12obstruct 13just at (a time or place) 14on the spot 15right 16just at fitting proper to replace to regard as to think to pawn (coll.) to fail (a student) onomat. dong ding dong bell 1exhausted 2poor 1today 2modern 3present 4current 5this 6now 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 17at or in the very same... 18suitable 19adequate ぷ 1to hold 2to contain 3to grasp 4to take hold of 5handle 6particle marking the following noun as a direct object 7classifier for objects with handle 8classifier for small objects: handful 9handle

68 58 Chinese 林妹妹 " 出家 5 Nun Text 在中国, 提起林妹妹, 那是无人不知, 她就是著名小说 红楼梦 里的女主角 她和表哥宝哥哥的那场美丽而失败的爱情故事, 更是无人不晓 林妹妹从小没了父母, 寄住在外婆家里, 身体和心情都很差 虽然有很多兄弟姐妹, 还是快乐不起来 还好有表哥关心她, 喜欢她 但在家庭的安排下, 表哥跟别人结婚了 林妹妹知道后, 很快就病死了 没多长时间, 她表哥也因为各种原因出家了 现实生活里, 中国人也有一个 " 林妹妹 " 她是个演员 二十多年前电视剧 红梦楼 里林妹妹就是她演的 因为她演得太好了, 一举成名 这么多年来, 她没有再做演员 听说她结了婚, 做了老板, 非常有钱 最近, 有消息说她刚刚出家了, 没有带一分钱, 也不留一根头发, 完完全全离开家 最叫人想不到的是, 她老公也几乎同时出家了 一时间议论纷纷 在我看来, 她不出家, 有点奇怪 ; 她出家了, 也不奇怪 这是有钱人的苦恼吗? 有了钱, 精神也要有依托? 或者是她入戏太深, 一部 红楼梦 改变了她的一生?" 林妹妹 " 为了救自己, 从坏心情里走出来, 寻找一个清净世界, 休养身体 可她老公为了什么? 对她感情太深, 要永远在她身边照顾她? 如果她老公能坚持到底, 那真是一段人间佳话, 否则就成了一个笑话 俩人肯定没有孩子, 要不然, 怎么放得下孩子? 所有这些前因后果, 都需要时间来说话 " 林妹妹 " 答应十年后再跟大家见面, 到时候, 我们再看她是什么样子吧 不管怎么样, 希望她以后平平安安 Chinese Text and Pinyin lín mèi mèi chū jiā " 林 妹 妹 " 出 家 zài zhōng guó tí qǐ lín mèi mèi nà shì 在中国, 提起林妹妹, 那是 wú rén bù zhī tā jiù shì zhù míng xiǎo shuō 无 人 不 知, 她 就 是 著 名 小 说

69 59 hóng lóu mèng lǐ de nǚ zhǔ jiǎo tā 红 楼 梦 里 的 女 主 角 她 hé biǎo gē bǎo gē gē de nà chǎng měi lì ér 和表哥宝哥哥的那场美丽而 shī bài de ài qíng gù shì gèng shì wú rén 失败的爱情故事, 更是无人 bù xiǎo 不 晓 lín mèi mèi cóng xiǎo méi le fù mǔ jì zhù 林妹妹从小没了父母, 寄住 zài wài pó jiā lǐ shēn tǐ hé xīn qíng dōu 在外婆家里, 身体和心情都 hěn chā suī rán yǒu hěn duō xiōng dì jiě mèi 很差 虽然有很多兄弟姐妹, hái shì kuài lè bù qǐ lái hái hǎo yǒu biǎo 还是快乐不起来 还好有表 gē guān xīn tā xǐ huān tā dàn zài jiā 哥 关 心 她, 喜 欢 她 但 在 家 tíng de ān pái xià biǎo gē gēn bié rén jié 庭的安排下, 表哥跟别人结 hūn le lín mèi mèi zhī dào hòu hěn kuài 婚了 林妹妹知道后, 很快 jiù bìng sǐ le méi duō cháng shí jiān tā 就病死了 没多长时间, 她 biǎo gē yě yīn wèi gè zhǒng yuán yīn chū jiā le 表哥也因为各种原因出家了 xiàn shí shēng huó lǐ zhōng guó rén yě yǒu yī 现实生活里, 中国人也有一 gè lín mèi mèi tā shì gè yǎn yuán èr 个 " 林 妹 妹 " 她 是 个 演 员 二 shí duō nián qián diàn shì jù hóng mèng lóu 十多年前电视剧 红梦楼 lǐ lín mèi mèi jiù shì tā yǎn de yīn wèi 里 林 妹 妹 就 是 她 演 的 因 为 tā yǎn dé tài hǎo le yī jǔ chéng míng 她演得太好了, 一举成名

70 60 zhè me duō nián lái tā méi yǒu zài zuò yǎn 这么多年来, 她没有再做演 yuán tīng shuō tā jié le hūn zuò le lǎo 员 听 说 她 结 了 婚, 做 了 老 bǎn fēi cháng yǒu qián zuì jìn yǒu xiāo 板, 非常有钱 最近, 有消 xī shuō tā gāng gāng chū jiā le méi yǒu dài 息 说 她 刚 刚 出 家 了, 没 有 带 yī fēn qián yě bù liú yī gēn tóu fā 一 分 钱, 也 不 留 一 根 头 发, wán wán quán quán lí kāi jiā zuì jiào rén xiǎng 完完全全离开家 最叫人想 bù dào de shì tā lǎo gōng yě jǐ hū tóng 不 到 的 是, 她 老 公 也 几 乎 同 shí chū jiā le yī shí jiān yì lùn fēn fēn 时出家了 一时间议论纷纷 zài wǒ kàn lái tā bù chū jiā yǒu diǎn 在我看来, 她不出家, 有点 qí guài tā chū jiā le yě bù qí guài 奇 怪 ; 她 出 家 了, 也 不 奇 怪 zhè shì yǒu qián rén de kǔ nǎo ma yǒu le 这是有钱人的苦恼吗? 有了 qián jīng shén yě yào yǒu yī tuō huò zhě 钱, 精 神 也 要 有 依 托? 或 者 shì tā rù xì tài shēn yī bù hóng lóu 是她入戏太深, 一部 红楼 mèng gǎi biàn le tā de yī shēng lín mèi 梦 改 变 了 她 的 一 生? " 林 妹 mèi wèi le jiù zì jǐ cóng huài xīn qíng lǐ 妹 " 为 了 救 自 己, 从 坏 心 情 里 zǒu chū lái xún zhǎo yī gè qīng jìng shì jiè 走出来, 寻找一个清净世界, xiū yǎng shēn tǐ kě tā lǎo gōng wèi le shén 休养身体 可她老公为了什 me duì tā gǎn qíng tài shēn yào yǒng yuǎn 么? 对 她 感 情 太 深, 要 永 远 zài tā shēn biān zhào gù tā rú guǒ tā lǎo 在她身边照顾她? 如果她老

71 61 gōng néng jiān chí dào dǐ nà zhēn shì yī duàn 公能坚持到底, 那真是一段 rén jiān jiā huà fǒu zé jiù chéng le yī gè 人间佳话, 否则就成了一个 xiào huà liǎ rén kěn dìng méi yǒu hái zi 笑话 俩人肯定没有孩子, yào bù rán zěn me fàng dé xià hái zi 要不然, 怎么放得下孩子? suǒ yǒu zhè xiē qián yīn hòu guǒ dōu xū yào 所有这些前因后果, 都需要 shí jiān lái shuō huà 时间来说话 lín mèi mèi dá yìng shí nián hòu zài gēn dà jiā " 林妹 妹 " 答 应 十 年 后 再 跟 大 家 jiàn miàn dào shí hòu wǒ men zài kàn tā 见面, 到时候, 我们再看她 shì shén me yàng zi ba bù guǎn zěn me yàng 是什么样子吧 不管怎么样, xī wàng tā yǐ hòu píng píng ān ān 希 望 她 以 后 平 平 安 安 Word List 林 lín woods, forest, grove group, circles, world forestry numerous, abundant Lin (surname) 1--very high [n,adj,adv,sn] 妹妹 mèimei younger sister younger female cousin female relative of the same generation and clan but younger than oneself 1- -very high [n] 出家 chūjiā become a (Buddhist or Taoist) monk or nun 2--high [vo] 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 中国 Zhōngguó China3--medium [n] 提起 tíqǐ bring up, mention lift up, raise up {figurative} brace up, raise (one's spirits, etc.) raise, bring (like a lawsuit) 1--very high [v] 那 nà that (one) then, in that case 1--very high [pron,conj] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 无 wú not have; there is not, not exist not {classical} do not; must not {classical} no matter if, irrespective of Wu (surname) 1--very high [adv,v,sn] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 知 zhī know, understand, be aware (of), realize inform, notify, tell, let know knowledge, learning manage, administer close friend 1--very high [v,n] 她 tā she (third person singular, feminine) her {formal} she (as a reference to one's country, party, flag, etc.) 1- -very high [pron] 就 jiù then, in that case on the

72 62 subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as exactly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending)1--very high [conj,adv,v] 著名 zhùmíng famous, renowned, well-known 1--very high [adj] 小说 xiǎoshuō fiction, novel 1- -very high [n] 红楼梦 Hónglóumèng Dream of the Red Chamber (early vernacular novel by Cao Xueqin of the Qīng 清 Dynasty; the title has been translated into English as "A Dream of Red Mansions," "The Story of the Stone", etc.) 2- -high [n] 里 lǐ in, inside (as a postposition) 1--very high [adv,suf,postp] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自 行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a nounforming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻 的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 女主角 nǚzhǔjué leading lady2--high [n] 和 hé and; with together with kind, gentle, mild; (be) on good terms with, harmonious; harmony, peace {sports} (of the result of a competition) a draw, a tie Japan, Japanese He (surname) 1--very high [conj,adj,n,sn] 表哥 biǎogē cousin (male, of different surname and older than oneself) 1--very high [n] 宝 bǎo treasure, jewel treasures, precious objects treasured, precious, rare your money seal of the Emperor {formal} form of address when referring to members of another's family Bao (surname) 1--very high [n,adj,sn] 哥哥 gēge elder brother 1--very high [n] 场 chǎng (gathering) place stage {theatre} scene (within an act) {measure word} (used for physical activities, athletic events, performances, dreams, exams, speeches, disasters, e.g., yī chǎng diànyǐng 一場電影 / 一 场电影 "a (theater showing of a) movie") {physics} field (magnetic, etc.) 1--very high [n,mw] 美丽 měilì beautiful 1--very high [adj] 而 ér (joining two adjectives)...and... (indicating a sequence or consequence)... and thus..., therefore (indicating a contrast)...but... (indicating a transition)...to... (indicating sth happens at a certain time) at..., when... (indicating sth happens under a certain condition) if very high [conj] 失败 shībài fail, be defeated failure, defeat 1--very high [v,n] 爱情 àiqíng love (between man and women) 1--very high [n] 故事 gùshi story plot (like of a novel) 1--very high [n] 更是 gèngshi even more (so), particularly 3--medium [adv] 晓 xiǎo dawn, daybreak know, understand tell, make known 1--very high [n,v] 从小 cóngxiǎo from childhood 1- -very high [adv] 没了 méile finished all gone dead 1- -very high [phr] 父母 fùmǔ father and mother, parents 1- -very high [n] 寄住 jìzhù live away from home live under sb's protection 3--medium 在外 zàiwài excluding outside 1--very high [v] 婆家 pójia husband's family's home 3- -medium [n] 身体 shēntǐ the body one's health 1- -very high [n] 心情 xīnqíng state of mind, mood, feelings 1--very high [n] 都 dōu all, both, every, in every case (when preceding shì 是, indicates the cause of sth that happened) it's all because of... (following a stressed subject, or in the pattern lián 連 / 连 dōu 都 ) even..., already... (as in Dōu shíyī diǎn le! 都十一點了 / 都十一点了! "It's eleven o'clock already!") (used in a question with an interrogative pronoun to ask for a plural answer, e.g., Nǐ dōu mǎi shénme le 你都買甚麼了 / 你都买什么 了? "What things did you buy?") 1--very high [adv] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 差 chà differ (by), be different lack, be/fall short of no good, substandard, poor, inferior wrong, mistaken, erroneous fault, mistake1--very high [v,adj] 虽然 suīrán although, though although it is so 1--very high [conj] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1--very high [v,auxv,sn] 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over

73 63 (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1--very high [num,adj,sn] 兄弟姐妹 xiōng-dì-jiě-mèi brothers and sisters, siblings 2--high [n] 还是 háishi or still, nevertheless, after all, all the same (introducing a course of action chosen after considering options) it would be better to, had better (do sth); might as well1--very high [adv] 快乐 kuàilè happy, joyful, cheerful, delightful 1--very high [adj] 起来 qǐlái stand up, get to one's feet get up, get out of bed rise (up), arise, revolt 1--very high [vi,vc] 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 好 hǎo good, nice, fine good to (eat, etc.) be well, in good health (before a verb) easy to... (as a verb complement, indicates finishing or finishing satisfactorily) be done...ing, finish...ing in order to, so that, for the purpose of {regional} may, can, should, ought to (emphasizes the meaning of adjectives) very, quite, pretty much... (used before adjectives to inquire about quantity or degree) how...(long, far, etc.)? 1--very high [adj,co] 关心 guānxīn be concerned about; show concern for (people or things) 1--very high [v] 喜欢 xǐhuān like, be fond of be happy, be delighted, be filled with joy (also pronounced xǐhuan) 1--very high [v] 但 dàn but, on the other hand, nevertheless only, merely, just Dan (surname) 1--very high [adv,conj,sn] 家 jiā family, household; home, residence (as suffix) expert/specialist in a certain field (like zuòjiā 作家 "writer") {philosophy} school (of thought) (like rújiā 儒家 "the Confucian school") party, side {humble} my... {regional} (of animals) tamed, broken, domesticated {measure word} (used for families, companies, hotels, stores, etc.) Jia (surname) 1--very high [n,mw,sn] 庭 tíng large hall (like for public gatherings) front courtyard of a Chinesestyle house court of law 1--very high [n] 安排 ānpái arrange, make arrangements arrangement 1--very high [v,n] 下 xià under, below, underneath the later, latter, last in a series the last part (of a work) next down, downward descend, go down (of rain, snow, etc.) fall send down (like documents); issue, deliver (like an order, an ultimatum, etc.) leave/exit (from) put in play (board games) take away, dismantle (of animals) give birth to, lay (eggs) defeat, capture yield, give up, give in get off/finish (one's shift) {measure word} (used for the number of occurrences) {measure word}... glassful(s) of... (used for fillings of containers like glasses, bowls, etc.) 1--very high [v,co,postp,mw] 跟 gēn heel (of the foot, a shoe, etc.) follow (close behind) (of a woman) marry sb {grammar} (as a preposition indicating the recipient of an action) together with, to, toward, from; (as a preposition indicating comparison) as, like; (as a conjunction joining items) and, with 1--very high [n,v,conj] 别人 biéren others, other people, someone/anyone else1--very high [n] 结婚 jiéhūn marry, get married 1--very high [vo] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1- -very high [v] 后 hòu after, behind back, rear afterwards, later last, in the back, at the end offspring, progeny {Chinese chess} at the rear (the piece at the rear, relative to the player) Hou (surname) 3--medium [adj,suf,sn] 快 kuài fast hurry up soon, shortly keen, sharp (-witted, etc.) content, happy Kuai (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 病死 bìngsǐ die of illness 2--high [v] 没 méi not exist, not have, not be there, be without there is not not as... as not... than scarcely less than not yet did not (used like méiyǒu 沒有 / 没有 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 长 cháng long; length (one's) strong point(s), forte be good at sth, be strong in sth surplus, spare, extra (in this meaning, formerly pronounced zhàng) 1--very high [adj,n] 时间 shíjiān time 1--very high [n] 也 yě also, too, as well (followed by a negative) (not) even nevertheless, still 1--very high [adv] 因为 yīnwèi because, on account of, for (often pronounced yīnwei) 1--very high [conj] 各 gè each, every, all respectively, variously the various..., the different...1--very high [adj,adv] 种 zhǒng type, kind {biology} species

74 64 (of people) race seed, breed, strain guts, nerve, courage {measure word}... type(s) of..., kind(s) of... (used for things of a certain type, style, kind, sort [often not translated]) Zhong (surname) 3--medium [n,mw,sn] 原因 yuányīn cause, reason 1--very high [n] 现实 xiànshí reality realistic, practical real, actual1--very high [n,adj] 生活 shēnghuó life live, go through life exist existence, livelihood work 1--very high [n,v] 中国人 Zhōngguórén the Chinese; a Chinese (i.e. a person from China) 1--very high [n] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一 个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1--very high [mw] 演员 yǎnyuán performer, actor, actress 1- -very high [n] 二十多 Èrshíduō more than very low [n] 年 nián year yearly, annual age period of life (like childhood, middle age) age, period (of history) harvest New Year, lunisolar New Year season (of special items) for the (lunisolar) New Year (like cakes, painting) (of friendship, etc.) between those who passed the Imperial examinations in the same year Nian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 前 qián in front forward, ahead front, first before, ago previous, preceding {Chinese chess} at the front (the piece at the front, relative to the player) 1- -very high [adj,adv,suf] 电视剧 diànshìjù TV play 1--very high [n] 红 hóng red (colour) {informal} be popular, be "hot", be in great demand red cloth (hung to symbolize festive occasions, success, happiness, good luck, etc.) {figurative} (politically) "red" (i.e. Communist, socialist-minded, revolutionary) {economics} dividend, bonus (symbol of success) Hong (surname) 1--very high [adj,v,sn] 梦 mèng dream, vision, illusion dream of visionary, wishful (like thinking) 1- -very high [n,v] 楼 lóu floor, storey multi-storeyed building; tower Lou (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 演 yǎn develop, evolve deduce perform (like calculations), practice, drill performance act, perform damp, humid flowing along all the way (to a place) 1- -very high [v,adj,adv] 得 de {grammar} (as structural particle between verb/adjective and a following complement) able to...; to the degree of...(used after certain verbs to indicate ability, possibility, or achievement to a certain degree, e.g., wǒ kàn de hěn qīngchu 我看 得很清楚 "I could see it clearly") 1--very high [adv] 太 tài too, excessively so, extremely (used in an exclamatory clause) greatest, highest Tai (surname) 1--very high [adv,adj,sn] 一举成名 yījǔchéngmíng skyrocket to fame, become famous overnight, achieve instant fame (originally referring to winners of the jìnshì 進士 / 进士 degree) 3--medium [cy] 这么 zhème this way, so1--very high [pron] 来 lái come, come hither arrive (of seasons, etc.) arise, crop up (of problems, etc.) cause to come, let come, I'll have... (used in ordering in a restaurant) cause to arrive or take place for the past (amount of time) in order to (take some action) (following numbers) approximately (verb suffix) Lai (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 没有 méiyǒu not exist, not have there is not not as... as less than did not, has not (same meaning as méi 沒 / 没 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 再 zài again, once more further, more time and again, repeatedly no matter how... (followed by an adjective or verb, usually with dōu 都 or yě 也 in the following clause)1--very high [adv] 做 zuò work, do make, create, manufacture, produce be, become, act as, be used as write, compose play the part of, disguise oneself as hold (a celebration, like a birthday) 1--very high [v] 听说 tīngshuō people say that I heard 1--very high [v] 结了 婚 hūn marry marriage, wedding 1- -very high [v,n] 做了老板 lǎobǎn proprietor, boss 1--very high [n] 非常 fēicháng extraordinary, unusual very, extremely 1--very high [adj,adv] 有钱 yǒuqián rich, wealthy 1--very high [adj] 最近 zuìjìn recently, of late, lately in the near future 1--very high [adv] 消息 xiāoxi news, information, tidings, report/coverage (of a person or an event) {{tiáo 條 / 条, zé 則 / 则, gè 個 / 个 }} 1--very high [n]

75 65 说 shuō speak, say, talk explain, give an explanation theory, doctrine, views scold, criticize act as go-between or matchmaker, introduce refer to, hint, indicate point to 1--very high [v] 刚刚 gānggāng just, just barely a short while ago, just now, just 1--very high [adv] 带 dài carry, bring, take (along) belt, girdle, band, ribbon, tape, magnetic tape {automotive} tire zone, area, belt {med} whites, Leucorrhoea do sth incidentally show, bear, have hold, contain; include, (of an item for purchase, an apartment, etc.) come with (accessories, furniture, etc.) with (sth attached) lead, supervise (like students) bring up, raise, look after (like children) promote, provide momentum to 1- -very high [v,n] 分 fēn separate, divide, split, part distribute, assign, allot distinguish, differentiate, tell (the difference), make a distinction (of an organization, company, etc.) branch fraction; one-tenth of the whole, ten percent (as a unit of length) approx. 1/3 cm (as a unit of area) approx. 67 square metres (as a unit of weight) approx. 1/2 gram (as a unit of Chinese currency) 1/100 of a Yuan (as a unit of time or degree) a minute (as interest rate) percent (in a marking system) a mark/point {measure word}... part(s) of...,... tenth(s) of... (used for parts or tenths of the whole, and for abstract items like vigour, toil, hope, etc.) 1--very high [v,n,mw] 钱 qián money; cash coin {unit of weight} qian (approx. equivalent to 5 grams) Qian (surname)3--medium [n,meas,sn] 不留 bùliú not cause to stay, not keep (any longer) 2--high [v] 根 gēn root (of a plant) (one's ethnic, cultural, etc.) roots {math} root; solution to an algebraic equation {chem} radical, root, base, foundation origin, source, cause (male) offspring, progeny entirely, totally, thoroughly, completely according to, on the basis of {measure word} (used for long, thin objects, e.g., sticks, scallions, candles, matches, hairs, string, rope, etc.) 1--very high [n,adv,mw] 头发 tóufa hair (on or from the human head) 1--very high [n] 完完全全 wánwánquánquán complete(ly), total(ly), utter(ly), in every way/respect 3- -medium [cy] 离开 líkāi leave, depart deviate from be away from, be without 1--very high [v] 最 zuì (the) most..., -est (prefix for the superlative, e.g., zuìdà 最大 "biggest") 1--very high [adv,pref] 叫 jiào shout, yell, cry call out to, greet, address hire (like a taxi), order (a meal, dish, etc.), get name, call, designate, summon; be called/named ask, order, make (sb do sth), order, ask allow, permit, let by (particle used to indicate the passive voice) {regional} male (animal or fowl) 1--very high [v,adj] 想不到 xiǎngbudào unexpected, unforeseen, unimaginable, unthinkable 1--very high [v] 老公 lǎogōng {regional} husband 1--very high [n] 几乎 jīhū almost, nearly, practically, virtually, on the verge of close to, almost (a certain quantity or extent) 1--very high [adv] 同时 tóngshí at the same time simultaneously moreover, furthermore 1--very high [adv] 一时间 yīshíjiān momentarily, at the moment, for the moment suddenly 2--high 议论 yìlùn comment (on), talk about, discuss discussion, comment (mostly refers to informally airing one's opinion on the good and bad points of a person or matter) 2- -high [v,n] 纷纷 fēnfēn (coming) one after another (of people, things) numerous and disorderly (of opinions, things falling, etc.) 1--very high [adv] 我 wǒ I, me; my {written} we; our {written} our country (usu. referring to China); our country's self Wo (surname) 1--very high [pron,sn] 看来 kànlai it seems/appears, it looks as if (in the pattern zài person kànlai 在... 看來 / 在... 看来 "in...'s view") 1--very high [v] 不出 bùchū not go out, not exceed 1- -very high 有点 yǒudiǎn some, a little somewhat 1- -very high 奇怪 qíguài strange, odd unexpected 1- -very high [adj] 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 有钱人 yǒuqiánrén rich people 2--high 苦恼 kǔnǎo worried, upset 1--very high [v] 吗 ma "Is it...?" (sentence-final question particle) 1--very high [qu] 有了 yǒu le already had... has had... (as an interjection) I got it, eureka, here it is O.K. 1--very high [phr] 精神 jīngshén spirit mind, mental state essence, gist, spirit 1--very high [n] 要 yào want, need, desire demand, ask for, request must will, be going to need to, should it is necessary that..., one must... if if one hopes to..., in order to... (used in comparisons, for example 要比 yào bǐ or 比 要 bǐ...yào...), expresses a judgment/evaluation or highlights the difference important suppose that..., if,

76 66 in case (yào..., yào...) either..., or... Yāo (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 依托 yītuō rely on, depend on support, backing use a certain excuse quote from (historical accounts, etc.) 1--very high [n,v] 或者 huòzhě or... perhaps, maybe 1- -very high [conj] 入 rù enter; join, become a member of (a group, club, etc.) income, receipts, earnings conform to, agree with 1--very high [v,n] 戏 xì play, have fun, sport joke, make fun of {theatre} a drama, play, opera, acrobatic show Xi (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 深 shēn deep profound dark (of colour) 1--very high [adj] 部 bù department, ministry (or similar organizational or administrative unit) part, section headquarters (esp. military) unit, force, troops category, class (under one's) command {measure word} (used for films, books, vehicles, machines, laws, regulations, rules) Bu (surname) 1--very high [n,mw,sn] 改变 gǎibiàn to change, transform, alter change, transformation, alteration 1--very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 一生 yīshēng lifetime, one's whole life 1- -very high [n,adv] 为了 wèile for, in order to, for the sake of 1--very high [prep,adv] 救 jiù save, rescue relieve help, aid stop, prevent control (like hunger) Jiu (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 自己 zìjǐ oneself by oneself (i.e., without other people) one's own 1--very high [pron,adv] 从 cóng from through, since, by ever (before negation, e.g., cóng méiyǒu 從沒 有 / 从没有 ) always (usually followed by 不, 沒 / 没, 未 etc. to mean "never") follow, accompany comply, conform, follow, obey act in a certain way (e.g., cóngkuān 從寬 / 从宽 "treat with leniency") attendant, footman, follower secondary cousin (relationship based on having the same paternal ancestor) Cong (surname)1--very high [prep,v,sn] 坏心 huàixīn evil heart 4--low 情 qíng feeling, sentiment, affection, emotion passion situation, circumstances, condition 1--very high [n] 走出来 zǒuchulai walk out 2--high 寻找 xúnzhǎo seek, look for, search for 1- -very high [v] 清净 qīngjìng peace and quiet, free from disturbances peaceful and quiet {Buddhism} pure and clean, free from evil and defilement 1--very high [adj] 世界 shìjiè world {Buddhism} cosmos throughout the world, all over the world prevailing situation general mood of society sphere of activity, realm 1--very high [n] 休养 xiūyǎng recuperate, convalesce, rest retire 2--high [v] 可 kě may, can, -able, be allowed to... possibly approve, agree need (to do), be worth (doing) {regional} do as much as possible, make the most of {written} recover, get well but, yet {grammar}(as an emphatic adverb used in an exclamatory sentence) really, indeed, finally; (expressing emphasis in a rhetorical question)...on earth...?; (expressing doubt in a question) really, actually? fit, suit, be agreeable to Ke (surname) 1--very high [v,adv,sn] 什么 shénme what?; what kind of...? something, anything (used to express anger, surprise, censure or negation) (used to express disapproval or disagreement) (after a verb) for what, why (used to indicate an incomplete list) things like...; and so on, and what not in traditional characters, also written 什麼, 什麽, or 甚麽 1--very high [qu,pref] 对 duì toward, to, facing, regarding be directed at, confront, treat, cope with opposite couple, pair (usually a man and a woman) {measure word}... pair(s) of... (used for things that come in pairs, like shoes, or for abstract dualities, as in yī duì máodùn 一 對矛盾 / 一对矛盾 "a contradiction") agree, fit compare, identify, check set, adjust, synchronize (like clocks) pair up, fit together, coordinate correct, right adulterate, mix with, add, dilute (like wine with water) split in half (like profit) {literature, poetry} couplet 1--very high [adj,n,mw] 感情 gǎnqíng feeling(s), sentiment(s), emotion(s) love, affection 1--very high [n] 永远 yǒngyuǎn forever, always 1- -very high [adv] 身边 shēnbiān at one's side, at hand, nearby on one's person (like money) 1- -very high [n] 照顾 zhàogù give consideration to, take into account, make allowances for look after, care for, take care of keep an eye on patronize (a store) 1--very high [v] 如果 rúguǒ if, in case 1--very high [adv] 能 néng can be possible capable energy (such as in yuánzǐnéng 原子能 "atomic energy") 1--very high [auxv,n] 坚持 jiānchí persevere (in), hold on; adhere/stick to, persist, hold fast to; uphold; insist (on) 1--very high [v] 到底 dàodǐ to the end after all, at (long) last, in the end (in questions, implies trying to get to the bottom of sth); (what/who/etc.) on earth 1--very high

77 67 [adv] 真是 zhēnshi really; so... really now, honestly (exclamation of displeasure, annoyance) gee, that's really too bad, how awful (exclamation of regret, sympathy) 2--high [phr] 一段 yīduàn one section, one segment one paragraph, one passage 3--medium [n] 人间 rénjiān the mortal (human) world 1- -very high [n] 佳话 jiāhuà interesting, entertaining or charming story (worth repeating), story on everybody's lips 4--low [n] 否则 fǒuzé otherwise, or else, if not 1- -very high [phr] 成了 chéngle all right, O.K. that's enough, that's fine accomplished, done has become..., became very high [phr] 笑话 xiàohua joke, funny story ridicule, laugh at ridiculous, laughable 1--very high [n,v,adj] 俩人 liǎrén two people the two of them 3--medium 肯定 kěndìng affirm, confirm, regard as positive, approve, recognize, commend certainty, affirmation, recognition, approval affirmative, positive definitely, undoubtedly definite, certain, for sure 1--very high [v,adv] 孩子 háizi child children 1--very high [n] 要不然 yàobùrán or, otherwise 1- -very high [conj] 怎么 zěnme how, in what way, by what means why, how come, how is it that... what? (used to preface a sentence, expressing surprise, incredulity, etc.) 1--very high [qu] 放 fàng release, set free, let go, let out put, place (in, on, etc.) let oneself go, give way to put in, add put (livestock, horses, etc.) out to pasture turn on, play (a movie, etc.) banish, exile, send away set off (like firecrackers) ignite, light, set fire to lend at interest (of clothing) let out, make larger (of blossoms, flowers) open, bloom keep (for future use), put aside fell, cut down (trees, etc.) (starting an imperative sentence) Be more...! (preceding 著... 不.../ 着... 不...) neglect/refuse (to do sth) 1--very high [v] 得 de {grammar} (as structural particle between verb/adjective and a following complement) able to...; to the degree of...(used after certain verbs to indicate ability, possibility, or achievement to a certain degree, e.g., wǒ kàn de hěn qīngchu 我看 得很清楚 "I could see it clearly") 1--very high [adv] 所有 suǒyǒu all, every own, possess, belong to possessions, everything in one's possession 1--very high [phr] 这些 zhèxiē these (things/people, etc.) 1--very high [pron] 前因后果 qiányīnhòuguǒ cause and effect, the entire process or sequence of events 3--medium [cy] 需要 xūyào need, require 1--very high [v,n] 话 huà words, talk (spoken or written) talk about, discuss speech, language tell, instruct 1--very high [n] 答应 dāying answer reply respond promise agree comply with {regional} (mostly in the negative) forgive, tolerate 1- -very high [v] 十年 shínián decade 1--very high [n] 大家 dàjiā everybody, everyone, all of us/you (often used in reference to the members of an audience, etc.) (after the pronouns nǐmen 你們 / 你们, wǒmen 我們 / 我们, zánmen 咱們 / 咱们, or tāmen 他們 / 他们 :) all of (you/us/them) master, authority, expert a powerful family 1--very high [n] 见面 jiànmiàn meet (face to face), see 1--very high [v] 到 dào (from...) to, up until, up to...; as of arrive, reach (preceding a location) (go) to, leave for successfully..., succeed in...(verbal suffix indicating success of the verb's action, as in kàndào 看 到 "get to see, notice") thorough, thoughtful, considerate Dao (surname) 1--very high [v,prep,co,suf,sn] 时候 shíhou time (when), moment1--very high [n] 我们 wǒmen we, us, our 1--very high [pron] 再看 zàikàn look again, take another look 3--medium [v] 什么 shénme what what? what kind of? something (in traditional characters, also written 什麽, 甚麽, 甚麼 ) 1--very high [pron] 样子 yàngzi appearance, shape, form manner, look model, sample, pattern 1--very high [n] 吧 ba {grammar} "..., isn't it!" (sentence final particle, indicates consultation, suggestion, uncertainty, request, or command) (indicates agreement or approval) (indicates doubt or surmise) (indicates probability) (used within a sentence, indicates a pause after a supposition, a concession or a condition) 1--very high [interj] 不管 bùguǎn no matter, regardless of 2- -high [conj] 怎么样 zěnmeyàng What? How? How come? How about?; what, what kind of... (asking for a description, account, etc.) terribly good, terribly well (used in the negative) 1- -very high [pron] 希望 xīwàng hope (to/that), wish (to/that), desire to, want to a wish, hope, expectation, possibility, promise (of) 1- -very high [v,n]

78 68 以后 yǐhòu after afterwards, later, thereafter hereafter, in the future 1- -very high [adv] 平平安安 píngpíng'ān'ān safe, peaceful, well 3--medium [cy]

79 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style Chinese Chaeacter List 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1white 2snowy 3pure 4bright 5empty 6blank 7plain 8clear 9to make clear 10in vain 11gratuitous 12free of charge 13reactionary 14anti-communist 15funeral 16to stare coldly 17to write wrong character 18to state 19to explain vernacular spoken lines in opera surname Bai 69 1dish (type of food) 2vegetables 3vegetable 4cuisine 5CL: 盤 盘 [pán], 道 [dào] 1ten 210 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1to see 2to meet 3to appear (to be sth) 4to interview 5to appear 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 [nín]) 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 6surname Gao 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant ゔ 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1moon 2month 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 輪 轮 [lún] 1I 2me 3my 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] ぷ 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1it 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1cause 2reason 3because

80 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 70 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

81 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 71 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian ぷ 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

82 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 72 ェ 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] エ 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

83 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 73 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance 1face 2side 3surface 4aspect 5top 6classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc 7flour 8noodles 9flour 10noodles 1towards 2to face 3to turn towards 4direction 5to support 6to side with 7shortly before 8formerly 9always 10all along 11surname Xiang 12surname Xiang 13variant of 向, direction 14orientation 15to face 16to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to side with to be partial to all along (previously) surname Xiang variant of, direction orientation to face to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to 1public 2collectively owned 3common 4international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) 5make public 6fair 7just 8Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 9honorable (gentlemen) 10father-in-law male (animal) 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person 2employee 3member 1that 2those 3then (in that case) 4commonly pr. [nèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing 5variant of 哪 [nǎ] ウ 1to think 2to believe 3to suppose 4to wish 5to want 6to miss (feel wistful about the absence of sb or sth) 1to carry (hanging down from the hand) 2to lift 3to put forward 4to mention 5to raise (an issue) 6upwards character stroke 7lifting brush stroke (in painting) 8scoop for measuring liquid 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 1from 2self 3oneself 4since 6surname Gao 1self 2oneself 3sixth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干 4sixth in order 5letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc 6hexa 1to make into 2to change into 3-ization 4to... -ize 5to transform 6abbr. for 化學 化学 [huà xué] 7variant of 花 1water 2river 3liquid 4beverage 5additional charges or income 6(of clothes) classifier for number of washes 7surname Shui 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 9surname Ping 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary 1strip 2item 3article 4clause (of law or treaty) 5classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1road 2CL: 條 条 [tiáo] 3journey 4route 5line (bus etc) 6sort 7kind 1how 8surname Lu 1flower 2blossom 3CL: 朵 [duǒ], 支 [zhī], 束 [shù], 把 [bǎ], 盆 [pén], 簇 [cù] 4fancy pattern 5florid 6to spend (money, time) 1to buy 2to purchase 7surname Hua 1beautiful 2very satisfactory 3good 4to be pleased with oneself 5the Americas 6abbr. for 美洲 [Měi zhōu] 7USA 8abbr. for 美國 美国 [Měi guó]

84 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1value 2(to be) worth 3to happen to 4to be on duty Definition and Stroke 74 ゔ 1to obtain 2to get 3to gain 4to catch (a disease) 5proper 6suitable 7proud 8contented 9to allow 10to permit 11ready 12finished indicating effect, degree, possibility etc to have to must ought to to need to 1electric 2electricity 3electrical 1to look at 2to regard 3to inspect 13structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase ゔ ぷ 1festival 2holiday 3node 4joint 5section 6segment 7part 8to economize 9to save 10to abridge 11moral integrity 12classifier for segments, e.g. lessons, train wagons, biblical verses 13CL: 個 个 [gè] 1eye 2item 3section 4list 5catalogue 6table of contents 7order (taxonomy) 8goal 9name 10title 1to not be 2not 3wrong 4incorrect 5non- 6un- 7in- 8to reproach or blame 9(colloquial) to insist on 10simply must 11abbr. for 非洲 [Fēi zhōu], Africa 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1fire 2urgent 3ammunition 4fiery or flaming 5internal heat (Chinese medicine) 6hot (popular) 7classifier for military units (old) 1to speak 2to explain 3to negotiate 4to emphasise 5to be particular about 6as far as sth is concerned 7speech 8lecture 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 8surname Huo 1dialect 2language 3spoken words 4speech 5talk 6words 7conversation 8what sb said 9CL: 種 种 [zhǒng], 席 [xí], 句 [jù], 口 [kǒu], 番 [fān] 1book 2letter 3document 4CL: 本 [běn], 冊 册 [cè], 部 [bù] 5to write 6abbr. for 書經 书经 [shū jīng] 1to shout 2to call 3to order 4to ask 5to be called 6by (indicates agent in the passive mood) 1easy 2amiable 3to change 4to exchange 1day 2sky 3heaven 5surname Yi 1to be 2to act as 3manage 4withstand 5when 6during 7ought 8should 9match equally 10equal 11same 12obstruct 13just at (a time or place) 14on the spot 15right 16just at fitting proper to replace to regard as to think to pawn (coll.) to fail (a student) onomat. dong ding dong bell 1exhausted 2poor 1today 2modern 3present 4current 5this 6now 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 17at or in the very same... 18suitable 19adequate 1to hold 2to contain 3to grasp 4to take hold of 5handle 6particle marking the following noun as a direct object 7classifier for objects with handle 8classifier for small objects: handful 1to ask 1to change 2to exchange 9handle 1to listen 2to hear 3to obey 4a can (loanword from English "tin") 5classifier for canned beverages 6(literary pronunciation, still advocated in Taiwan) to rule 7to sentence 8to allow 1next in sequence 2second 3the second (day, time etc) 4secondary 5vice- 6sub- 7infra- 8inferior quality 9substandard 10order 11sequence 12hypo- (chemistry) 13classifier for enumerated events: time 1Han ethnic group 2Chinese (language) 3the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) 4man 1dialect 2language 3speech 4to tell to 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng]

85 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1cooked (of food) 2ripe (of fruit) 3mature (of seeds) 4familiar 5skilled 6done 7see 熟 [shú] 75 1to rise 2to raise 3to get up 4to set out 5to start 6to appear 7to launch 8to initiate (action) 9to draft 10to establish 11to get (from a depot or counter) 12verb suffix, to start 13(before place or time) starting from 14classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance classifier for groups: batch, group 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1friend 1friend 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1interjection of surprise 2Ah! 3Oh! 4interjection expressing doubt or requiring answer 5Eh? 6what? 7to show realization 8to stress 9interjection of surprise or doubt 10Eh? 11My! 12what's up? 13interjection or grunt of agreement uhm Ah, OK expression of recognition Oh, it's you! modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent 1she 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to flow 2to disseminate 3to circulate or spread 4to move or drift 5to degenerate 6to banish or send into exile 7stream of water or sth resembling one 8class, rate or grade 1to walk 2to go 3to travel 4a visit 5temporary 6makeshift 7current 8in circulation 9to do 10to perform 11capable 12competent 13effective 14all right 15OK! 16will do professional relating to company behavior conduct 17a row 18series 19age order (of brothers) 20profession 1to experience 2to undergo 3to pass through 4all 5each 6every 7history 8calendar 1history 2annals 3title of an official historian in ancient China 1drama 2play 3show 4severe 4surname Shi ゴ 1to ascertain 2to act on 3to criticize 4to pass on 5classifier for batches, lots, military flights 6tier (for the ranking of universities and colleges) 1to discuss 2to comment 3to criticize 4to judge 5to choose (by public appraisal) 1to weave 2to plait 3to organize 4to group 5to arrange 6to edit 7to compile 8to write 9to compose 10to fabricate 1position 2location 3place 4seat 5classifier for people (honorific) 6classifier for binary bits (e.g. 十六位 16-bit or 2 bytes) 1woolen material 2particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about...?", "And...?") 3particle for inquiring about location ("Where is...?") 4particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action particle indicating strong affirmation 1to fall 2to collapse 3to topple 4to fail 5to go bankrupt 6to change (trains or buses) 7to move around 8to sell 9to speculate (buying and selling, also 搗 捣 ) 10profiteer to move backwards however actually as a matter of fact contrary to expectation 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 11to place upside down 12to invert 13to pour 14to throw out 1light 2easy 3gentle 4soft 5reckless 6unimportant 7frivolous 8small in number 9unstressed 10neutral 11to disparage 1to feel 2to find that 3thinking 4awake 5aware 6a nap 7a sleep 8CL: 場 场 [cháng] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1ministry 2department 3section 4part 5division 6troops 7board 8classifier for works of literature, films, machines etc 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source

86 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke ゔ 1to be able to 2to be capable of 3ability 4capability 5able 6capable 7can possibly 8(usually used in the negative) to have the possibility of 9surname Neng 76 1complicated 2many 3in great numbers 4abbr. for 繁體 繁体 [fán tǐ], traditional form of Chinese characters 1body 2form 3style 4system 1letter 2symbol 3character 4word 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6courtesy or style name traditionally given to males aged 20 in dynastic China 1simple 2uncomplicated 3letter 4to choose 5to select 6bamboo strips used for writing (old) 1two 2both 3some 4a few 5tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1 16 of a catty 斤 [jīn] (old) 1thousand 2a swing 3a swing 1to yield 2to permit 3to let sb do sth 4to have sb do sth 1to change or replace 2to experience 3one of the five two hour periods into which the night was formerly divided 4watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard) 5more 6even more 7further 8still 9still more 1to hold 2to contain 3to allow 4to tolerate 5appearance 6look 7countenance 8surname Rong 1to piece together 2to join together 3to stake all 4adventurous 5at the risk of one's life 6to spell 1sound 2noise 3note (of musical scale) 4tone 5news 6syllable 7reading (phonetic value of a character) 1as 2as if 3such as 1I 2me 3my 1to link 2to join 3to connect 4continuously 5in succession 6including 7(used with 也, 都 etc) even 8company (military) 1capital city 2metropolis 3surname Du 4all 5both 6entirely 7(used for emphasis) even 8already 9(not) at all 1to recognize 2to know 3to admit 9surname Lian を 1to know 2knowledge 3Taiwan pr. [shì] 4to record 5to write a footnote 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1five 25 1to disappear 2to vanish 3to eliminate 4to spend (time) 5have to 6need 1to lose 2to miss 3to fail 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1bar (serving drinks, or providing internet access etc) 2to puff (on a pipe etc) 3onomat. bang 4(modal particle indicating suggestion or surmise) 5...right? 6...OK? 7...I presume. 1to take care (of) 2to control 3to manage 4to be in charge of 5to look after 6to run 7to care about 8tube 9pipe 10(spoken) to 11towards 1to hope 2to admire 3variant of 稀 [xī] 1full moon 2to hope 3to expect 4to visit 5to gaze (into the distance) 6to look towards 7towards 12surname Guan 1to use 2according to 3so as to 4by means of 5in order to 6by 7with 8because 9abbr. for Israel 以色列 [Yǐ sè liè] 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 9surname Ping

87 77 6 Buddhism Chinese Text 佛家佛, 这个 " 老外 ", 很久以前从很远的地方来到中国, 就永远留了下来 中国人开始学佛 信佛, 慢慢就有了很多中国化的佛 人们烧香求佛, 希望佛带给他们平安和快乐 哪些人信佛? 上了年纪的人有佛不再觉得日子没意思, 没了爱的人有佛不再难过, 影视明星们有佛不再落伍, 连坏人遇到佛也会回头, 改正错误再做新人 哪些人研究和宣传佛? 庙里的和尚, 佛学院的学生, 还有许多专家和学者 在他们那里, 佛是一门大学问 佛是什么? 她走过岁月的风风雨雨, 给人们想要的一切 佛教人明白大道理 叫人多做好事, 让人脱离苦海, 好好活下去, 而佛没有要求任何回报或感谢 佛在哪里? 佛在心里 人敬佛, 佛爱人, 佛因人而存在 Chinese Text and Pinyin fú 佛 jiā 家 fú zhè gè lǎo wài hěn jiǔ yǐ qián cóng 佛, 这 个 " 老 外 ", 很 久 以 前 从 hěn yuǎn de dì fāng lái dào zhōng guó jiù yǒng 很 远 的 地 方 来 到 中 国, 就 永 yuǎn liú le xià lái zhōng guó rén kāi shǐ xué 远留了下来 中国人开始学 fú xìn fú màn màn jiù yǒu le hěn duō 佛 信 佛, 慢 慢 就 有 了 很 多 zhōng guó huà de fú rén men shāo xiāng qiú fú 中国化的佛 人们烧香求佛, xī wàng fú dài gěi tā men píng ān hé kuài lè 希 望 佛 带 给 他 们 平 安 和 快 乐 nǎ xiē rén xìn fú shàng le nián jì de rén 哪 些 人 信 佛? 上 了 年 纪 的 人 yǒu fú bù zài jué dé rì zi méi yì sī 有 佛 不 再 觉 得 日 子 没 意 思,

88 78 méi le ài de rén yǒu fú bù zài nán guò 没 了 爱 的 人 有 佛 不 再 难 过, yǐng shì míng xīng men yǒu fú bù zài luò wǔ 影视明星们有佛不再落伍, lián huài rén yù dào fú yě huì huí tóu gǎi 连 坏 人 遇 到 佛 也 会 回 头, 改 zhèngcuò wù zài zuò xīn rén 正错误再做新人 nǎ xiē rén yán jiū hé xuān chuán fú miào lǐ 哪 些 人 研 究 和 宣 传 佛? 庙 里 de hé shàng fú xué yuàn de xué shēng hái 的 和 尚, 佛 学 院 的 学 生, 还 yǒu xǔ duō zhuān jiā hé xué zhě zài tā men 有 许 多 专 家 和 学 者 在 他 们 nà lǐ fú shì yī mén dà xué wèn 那 里, 佛 是 一 门 大 学 问 fú shì shén me tā zǒu guò suì yuè de fēng 佛 是 什 么? 她 走 过 岁 月 的 风 fēng yǔ yǔ gěi rén men xiǎng yào de yī qiè 风雨雨, 给人们想要的一切 fú jiào rén míng bái dà dào lǐ jiào rén duō 佛 教 人 明 白 大 道 理 叫 人 多 zuò hǎo shì ràng rén tuō lí kǔ hǎi hǎo 做 好 事, 让 人 脱 离 苦 海, 好 hǎo huó xià qù ér fú méi yǒu yào qiú rèn 好 活 下 去, 而 佛 没 有 要 求 任 hé huí bào huò gǎn xiè 何 回 报 或 感 谢 fú zài nǎ lǐ fú zài xīn lǐ rén jìng 佛 在 哪 里? 佛 在 心 里 人 敬 fú fú ài rén fú yīn rén ér cún zài 佛, 佛 爱 人, 佛 因 人 而 存 在 Word List 佛 fó Buddha; Buddhism; statue/image of Buddha; Buddhist scripture/sutra 1--very high [n] 家 jiā family, household; home, residence (as suffix) expert/specialist in a certain field (like zuòjiā 作家 "writer") {philosophy} school (of thought) (like rújiā 儒家 "the Confucian school") party, side {humble} my... {regional} (of animals) tamed, broken, domesticated {measure word} (used for families, companies, hotels, stores, etc.) Jia (surname) 1--very high [n,mw,sn] 这个 zhège this one (person or thing) this how...!, what...! (used in excla-

89 79 mations) 1--very high [pron] 老外 lǎowài {colloquial} foreigner (the term is generally not considered pejorative, and is sometimes used affectionately) layperson, amateur, non-professional, outsider 1--very high [n] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 久 jiǔ long, for a long time, of long duration (in contrast to zàn 暫 / 暂 "for a short time") for a specific period of time 1--very high [adj,adv] 以前 yǐqián before, previously, formerly 1--very high [n] 从 cóng from through, since, by ever (before negation, e.g., cóng méiyǒu 從沒有 / 从没有 ) always (usually followed by 不, 沒 / 没, 未 etc. to mean "never") follow, accompany comply, conform, follow, obey act in a certain way (e.g., cóngkuān 從寬 / 从宽 "treat with leniency") attendant, footman, follower secondary cousin (relationship based on having the same paternal ancestor) Cong (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 远 yuǎn far, distant, remote (in space/time) (of blood relationship, relatives) distant (of difference) far, by far not intimate, distant Yuan (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 地方 dìfang place, location space, room part, area, aspect 1--very high [n] 来到 láidào arrive (at) come to 1--very high [v] 中国 Zhōngguó China3--medium [n] 就 jiù then, in that case on the subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as exactly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending)1--very high [conj,adv,v] 永远 yǒngyuǎn forever, always 1--very high [adv] 留了下来 xiàlai come down (in space or time) (of a command) come down after (a period of time) has elapsed after (a certain quantity) has accumulated come from, be derived from (when following a verb indicates the completion of the action) 1--very high [co,vc] 中国人 Zhōngguórén the Chinese; a Chinese (i.e. a person from China) 1--very high [n] 开始 kāishǐ begin, start set about, set out on beginning, initial phase 1--very high [v,n] 学 xué learn, study imitate, copy, mimic scholarship, learning, education, study, knowledge, science subject (of study), (academic) discipline, branch of learning school, college 1--very high [v,n] 信佛 xìnfó be a Buddhist 1--very high 慢慢 mànmàn slowly bit by bit, gradually 1--very high [adv] 有了 yǒu le already had... has had... (as an interjection) I got it, eureka, here it is O.K. 1--very high [phr] 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1--very high [num,adj,sn] 化 huà change, transform; be changed/transformed enlighten, civilize (like through the moral influence of the emperor) influence, persuade, convert melt, thaw, dissolve digest remove, eliminate burn (up), incinerate (short for huàxué 化學 / 化学 ) chemistry (of monks, priests) die, pass away (as a suffix) -ize, -ization (like xiàndài 現代 / 现代 "modern" becomes xiàndàihuà 現代化 / 现代化 "modernize; modernization") {religion} (of Buddhist monks, Taoist priests) beg for alms Hua (surname) 1--very high [v,suf,sn] 人们 rénmen people 1--very high [n] 烧香 shāoxiāng burn incense burn joss sticks (before a joss) present a gift when asking for a favour; give a bribe 1--very high [vo]

90 80 求 qiú beg, request, beseech ask (for), demand seek, strive for demand Qiu (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 希望 xīwàng hope (to/that), wish (to/that), desire to, want to a wish, hope, expectation, possibility, promise (of) 1--very high [v,n] 带 dài carry, bring, take (along) belt, girdle, band, ribbon, tape, magnetic tape {automotive} tire zone, area, belt {med} whites, Leucorrhoea do sth incidentally show, bear, have hold, contain; include, (of an item for purchase, an apartment, etc.) come with (accessories, furniture, etc.) with (sth attached) lead, supervise (like students) bring up, raise, look after (like children) promote, provide momentum to 1--very high [v,n] 给 gěi give, hand (to), present, grant (after a verb indicating transfer) to, toward; for, for the benefit of let, allow (also used as an emphatic particle, mainly in passive-voice sentences) 1--very high [v,adv,prep] 他们 tāmen they them 1--very high [pron] 平安 píng'ān safe, well, peaceful, tranquil Ping'an (county, Qīnghǎi 青海 Province) 1--very high [adj,name] 和 hé and; with together with kind, gentle, mild; (be) on good terms with, harmonious; harmony, peace {sports} (of the result of a competition) a draw, a tie Japan, Japanese He (surname) 1--very high [conj,adj,n,sn] 快乐 kuàilè happy, joyful, cheerful, delightful 1--very high [adj] 哪些 nǎxiē which (ones)1--very high [pron] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 上了 年纪 niánjì age, years old (of a person) 1--very high [n] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1--very high [v,auxv,sn] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 再 zài again, once more further, more time and again, repeatedly no matter how... (followed by an adjective or verb, usually with dōu 都 or yě 也 in the following clause) 1--very high [adv] 觉得 juéde feel (like tired) think, believe 1--very high [v] 日子 rìzi date, day time (number of days) life, livelihood 1--very high [n] 没意思 méiyìsi be boring/uninteresting/dull; be tiresome/tedious, be a drag, be no fun be pointless/meaningless be in poor taste (of a person) be petty 2--high [phr] 没了 méile finished all gone dead 1--very high [phr] 爱 ài love, like, be fond of... have deep affection for... cherish, treasure, hold dear have the habit of doing sth, like to do sth, be apt to do sth Ai (surname) whether or not (used with bù 不 "not" in front of the same verb to indicate free choice, e.g., àixìn-bùxìn 愛信不信 / 爱信不信 "believe it or not", or àiyào-bùyào 愛要不要 / 爱要不要 "take it or leave it") 1--very high [v,n,sn] 难过 nánguò have a difficult life feel bad (about sth) 1--very high [v] 影视 yǐngshì film(s) and television 1--very high [n] 明星们 míngxīngmen stars (like of the movies) 2--high 落伍 luòwǔ fall behind lag behind (the times, of people or things) 2--high [v] 连 lián (as grammar particle, in the split structure lián 連 / 连...yě 也 ) even... join, link, connect continuous, successive, one after another, repeatedly including {military} a company Lian (surname) 1--very high [v,n,adv,sn] 坏人 huàirén bad person/people, evil person, bad element; bad guy; villain, evildoer, scoundrel 1--very high [n] 遇到 yùdào encounter, meet with, come across 1--very high [v] 也 yě also, too, as well (followed by a negative) (not) even nevertheless, still 1--very high [adv] 会 huì meeting meet with can, could understand, know (like a language) be able to will, be likely to, be possible, possibly moment, short while Hui (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 回头 huítóu turn one's head back, look back later, by and by, after a while turn back, go back repent 1--very high [vo] 改正 gǎizhèng to correct, amend correction 1--very high [v] 错误 cuòwù mistake, error incorrect behaviour or conduct, wrongdoing (e.g., fàn cuòwu 犯錯誤 / 犯错误 "commit wrongdoing", or chéngrèn cuòwù 承認錯誤 / 承认错误 "acknowledge one's wrongdoing") wrong, incorrect, erroneous, mistaken 1--very high [adj,n] 做 zuò work, do make, create, ma-

91 81 nufacture, produce be, become, act as, be used as write, compose play the part of, disguise oneself as hold (a celebration, like a birthday) 1--very high [v] 新人 xīnrén new person (like a newly-arrived employee in a company) 1--very high [n] 研究 yánjiū research, do research on, study, examine consider, look into, discuss 1--very high [n,v] 宣传 xuānchuán publicize, disseminate, propagandize, preach publicity, propaganda 1--very high [v] 庙 miào temple, shrine (for the worship of gods, Buddha, or sages) ancestral shrine 2--high [n] 里 lǐ in, inside (as a postposition) 1--very high [adv,suf,postp] 和尚 héshang Buddhist monk 1--very high [n] 佛学 fóxué Buddhist learning/studies Buddhist philosophy 2--high [n] 院 yuàn courtyard, yard (character used to designate various government or public buildings) college, academy, institute, school branch of the government (like the Lìfǎyuàn 立法院 "Legislative Commission" of Taiwan) 1--very high [n] 学生 xuésheng student, pupil disciple (your) student (self-designation when addressing one's teacher, master or a member of older generation) boy 1--very high [n] 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 许多 xǔduō many, a lot of 1--very high [adj] 专家 zhuānjiā expert, specialist 1--very high [n] 学者 xuézhě scholar, learned person 1--very high [n] 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 那里 nàli that place, there 1--very high [pron] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 门 mén door, entrance, gate switch, valve hole/opening in human body family school (of thought), (religious) sect a teacher's or master's entrance hall means, method, key category {biology} phylum (of animals or plants) -gate (used by the media to create new words referring to a scandal, after the pattern of Shuǐmén [Shìjiàn] 水門 [ 事件 ]/ 水门 [ 事件 ] "Watergate") {measure word}... course(s) of...,... subject(s) of...,... skill(s) of... (used for school courses, skills, branches or subjects of knowledge, etc.) {measure word} (used for cannons) {measure word} (used for relatives, marriages, families related by marriage, etc.) Men (surname) 1--very high [n,mw,sn] 大学 dàxué university, college {classical literature} Daxue, the Great Learning (one of the Sìshū 四書 / 四书 "Four [Confucian canonical] Books") 2--high [n] 问 wèn ask, inquire send one's regards, inquire after (sb's health etc.) Wen (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 什么 shénme what?; what kind of...? something, anything (used to express anger, surprise, censure or negation) (used to express disapproval or disagreement) (after a verb) for what, why (used to indicate an incomplete list) things like...; and so on, and what not in traditional characters, also written 什麼, 什麽, or 甚麽 1--very high [qu,pref] 她 tā she (third person singular, feminine) her {formal} she (as a reference to one's country, party, flag, etc.) 1--very high [pron] 走过 zǒuguò pass through, go through 2--high [v] 岁月 suìyuè years, time 1--very high [n] 风 fēng wind, gale, breeze put out to dry, winnow, air-dry, air speedily, swiftly custom, practice, atmosphere style, attitude information, news, rumour, hearsay {literature} (as a genre in the Shījīng 詩經 / 诗经 "Book of Odes" section Guófēng 國風 / 国风 "Airs of the states") folk song, ballad {med} used in the names of certain illnesses (e.g., zhòngfēng 中風 / 中风 "stroke", "apoplexy") Feng (surname) 1--very high [n,sn]

92 82 雨 yǔ rain 1--very high [n] 想要 xiǎngyào want (to do or have sth) (often used in a hypothetical clause:) (if one) wants/hopes to...(then one must...) 1--very high [v] 一切 yīqiè all, everything, the whole the entire matter, the whole thing 1--very high [n] 佛教 Fójiào {religion} Buddhism1--very high [n] 明白 míngbai clear, obvious frank, explicit, unequivocal sensible know, understand, realize 1--very high [adj,v] 大道理 dàdàolǐ major principle, great truth theorizing divorced from reality 3--medium [n] 叫 jiào shout, yell, cry call out to, greet, address hire (like a taxi), order (a meal, dish, etc.), get name, call, designate, summon; be called/named ask, order, make (sb do sth), order, ask allow, permit, let by (particle used to indicate the passive voice) {regional} male (animal or fowl) 1--very high [v,adj] 好事 hǎoshì good deed, charity Buddhist or Taoist ceremony wedding 1--very high [n] 让人 ràngrén it makes one (feel)... (followed by a verb or adjective) (in more formal style: lìngrén 令人 ) 4--low [vo] 脱离 tuōlí be separated from, break away from, be isolated from 1--very high [v] 苦海 kǔhǎi {Buddhism} sea of bitterness hell, place of misery and suffering 2--high [n] 好好 hǎohǎo in good condition, for no reason properly, thoroughly to one's heart's content 1--very high [adv] 活下去 huóxiàqù continue to live, live on 3--medium 而 ér (joining two adjectives)...and... (indicating a sequence or consequence)... and thus..., therefore (indicating a contrast)...but... (indicating a transition)...to... (indicating sth happens at a certain time) at..., when... (indicating sth happens under a certain condition) if very high [conj] 没有 méiyǒu not exist, not have there is not not as... as less than did not, has not (same meaning as méi 沒 / 没 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 要求 yāoqiú ask, request, require, call for demand, claim request, requirement {IT} (of computer software) the (hardware) requirements 1--very high [v,n] 任何 rènhé any, whatever, whatsoever, whichever 1--very high [adj,adv] 回报 huíbào pay/give back to, repay, reciprocate, return; retaliate recompense, reward, repayment, payoff {finance} return (e.g., on investment), payback report back to (a superior on one's mission, etc.) 1--very high [v,n] 或 huò or perhaps, probably, maybe (in the pattern 或 或 ) either...or... {written} someone, somebody, some person, some people {written} (usually with negation) (not even) a little bit, slightly 1--very high [conj,adv,pron] 感谢 gǎnxiè thank, be grateful gratitude 1--very high [v,n] 哪里 nǎli where? wherever, anywhere, everywhere, where (used in rhetorical questions to indicate a negative) (used as a polite response to a compliment) not really, not at all, I'm flattered1--very high [qu,phr] 在心 zàixīn mind, be concerned take to heart 2--high [v] 敬 jìng respect, esteem, honour respectfully offer, serve or present respectfully drink on sb's health Jing (surname) 1--very high [adv,v,n,sn] 爱人 àiren spouse husband or wife (spousal) partner (either opposite- or same-sex) {obsolete} (girl/boy) friend, sweetheart [àirén] {classical} love others, care about others 1--very high [n,vo] 佛因 fóyīn karma (like the rewards of good works) 4--low 存在 cúnzài exist, be in existence existence, presence (e.g., 軍事存在, 军事存在 jūnshì cúnzài "military presence") 1--very high [v,n]

93 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style Chinese Chaeacter List 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1white 2snowy 3pure 4bright 5empty 6blank 7plain 8clear 9to make clear 10in vain 11gratuitous 12free of charge 13reactionary 14anti-communist 15funeral 16to stare coldly 17to write wrong character 18to state 19to explain vernacular spoken lines in opera surname Bai 83 1dish (type of food) 2vegetables 3vegetable 4cuisine 5CL: 盤 盘 [pán], 道 [dào] 1ten 210 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1to see 2to meet 3to appear (to be sth) 4to interview 5to appear 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 [nín]) 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 6surname Gao 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1moon 2month 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 輪 轮 [lún] 1I 2me 3my 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1it 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1cause 2reason 3because

94 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 84 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice ぷ 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker ぷ 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish を 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

95 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 85 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 ウ 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate ゔ 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

96 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 86 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold ゔ 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo エ 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) エ 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan サ 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

97 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 87 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance 1face 2side 3surface 4aspect 5top 6classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc 7flour 8noodles 9flour 10noodles 1towards 2to face 3to turn towards 4direction 5to support 6to side with 7shortly before 8formerly 9always 10all along 11surname Xiang 12surname Xiang 13variant of 向, direction 14orientation 15to face 16to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to side with to be partial to all along (previously) surname Xiang variant of, direction orientation to face to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to 1public 2collectively owned 3common 4international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) 5make public 6fair 7just 8Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 9honorable (gentlemen) 10father-in-law male (animal) ゔ 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person 2employee 3member 1that 2those 3then (in that case) 4commonly pr. [nèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing 5variant of 哪 [nǎ] 1to think 2to believe 3to suppose 4to wish 5to want 6to miss (feel wistful about the absence of sb or sth) 1to carry (hanging down from the hand) 2to lift 3to put forward 4to mention 5to raise (an issue) 6upwards character stroke 7lifting brush stroke (in painting) 8scoop for measuring liquid 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 1from 2self 3oneself 4since 6surname Gao 1self 2oneself 3sixth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干 4sixth in order 5letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc 6hexa 1to make into 2to change into 3-ization 4to... -ize 5to transform 6abbr. for 化學 化学 [huà xué] 7variant of 花 1water 2river 3liquid 4beverage 5additional charges or income 6(of clothes) classifier for number of washes 7surname Shui 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 9surname Ping ゔ 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary 1strip 2item 3article 4clause (of law or treaty) 5classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables

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99 89 City Life 城市

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101 91 Chinese Text 7 Bikes 这是一个真实的故事, 但到现在, 我还不敢相信它真的发生了. 我的一个叫安龙的美国朋友, 在 07 年 8 月的时候买了一辆捷安特的山地自行车, 两千多元, 白色的. 他要求店主对车做了 一些改装, 很有特色. 安龙骑着车去了北京的很多地方, 他特别开心, 亲切的叫自行车为 儿子. 10 月的一天, 安龙去一个咖啡馆学习, 把车锁在外面. 等他学习了大概一个小时出来, 车不见了, 锁被弄断了丢在地上. 有人偷了我的儿子! 他很生气地打电话告诉我. 第二天他自己去公安局报案, 警察留下他的联系方式, 说如果有消息就会通知他. 一个月过去了还没有找到, 安龙只好又买了一辆便宜的自行车, 三百元, 是那种黑色的八十年代的老式自行车, 后面有个座位. 他有时候骑车去学校, 不过没有他的 儿子 快. 而且因为快要到冬天, 越来越冷了, 所以慢慢地也不常常骑了. 1 月 4 日的时候, 我跟安龙为了工作去圆明园, 从那出来以后我们需要去清华大学. 在从圆明园到清华大学的路上, 我们买了点饮料, 一边喝一边聊天. 看到路边也有一个捷安特的自行车店, 我们就想随便看看. 谁知道, 一进去就看见他被偷的自行车在里面. 一开始他说那一定是他的 儿子, 我还不相信. 后来我们一起看了车的好几个地方, 跟他的 儿子 一模一样. 因为之前改装的地方都还是原来的样子. 我们记下车的号码, 很快出去打电话给公安局. 过了十五分钟, 警察开着车来了, 把店员, 我们还有自行车一起带到了公安局. 在那儿警察问了我们好多问题, 非常详细, 也单独问了店员很多问题, 大约三个小时过去了, 店员说他的老板出差了要下个星期才回来, 安龙也没有带买自行车的证明, 所以我们都留下了联系信息就回去了. 又过了三个星期, 店员说他的老板还没有回来, 我们都觉得他在说谎. 安龙拿着买自行车的证明去给警察看, 可是没有号码写在上面所以不行. 我们又找到 8 月买自行车的地方, 他们从网上查到只有他们的店才有那辆自行车卖. 于是我们带着证明人又去了一次, 终于, 自行车回来了! 安龙后来给 儿子 买了一个又大又重的锁. 还准备把他后来买的那种老式自行车寄到美国做样品, 以后做自行车生意, 我们调查过, 可以赚很多钱. 知道这件事情的朋友都觉得太惊奇了, 像电影一样. 我们要把这个故事写到北京的网站上. Chinese Text and Pinyin zhè shì yī gè zhēn shí de gù shì dàn dào xiàn 这 是 一 个 真 实 的 故 事, 但 到 现

102 92 zài wǒ huán bù gǎn xiāng xìn tā zhēn de fā shēng 在, 我 还 不 敢 相 信 它 真 的 发 生 le 了. wǒ de yī gè jiào ān lóng de měi guó péng yǒu 我 的 一 个 叫 安 龙 的 美 国 朋 友, zài nián yuè de shí hòu mǎi le yī liàng jié 在 07 年 8 月 的 时 候 买 了 一 辆 捷 ān tè de shān dì zì xíng chē liǎng qiān duō yuán 安 特 的 山 地 自 行 车, 两 千 多 元, bái sè de tā yào qiú diàn zhǔ duì chē zuò le 白 色 的. 他 要 求 店 主 对 车 做 了 yī xiē gǎi zhuāng hěn yǒu tè sè ān lóng qí zhe 一 些 改 装, 很 有 特 色. 安 龙 骑着 chē qù le běi jīng de hěn duō dì fāng tā tè 车 去 了 北 京 的 很 多 地 方, 他 特 bié kāi xīn qīn qiè de jiào zì xíng chē wèi 别 开 心, 亲 切 的 叫 自 行 车 为 ér zi 儿 子. yuè de yī tiān ān lóng qù yī gè kā fēi 10 月 的 一 天, 安 龙 去 一 个 咖 啡 guǎn xué xí bǎ chē suǒ zài wài miàn děng tā xué 馆学习, 把车锁在外面. 等他学 xí le dà gài yī gè xiǎo shí chū lái chē bù 习 了 大 概 一 个 小 时 出 来, 车 不 jiàn le suǒ bèi nòng duàn le diū zài dì shàng 见 了, 锁 被 弄 断 了 丢 在 地 上. yǒu rén tōu le wǒ de ér zi tā hěn shēng 有 人 偷 了 我 的 儿 子! 他 很 生 qì dì dǎ diàn huà gào sù wǒ dì èr tiān tā 气 地 打 电 话 告 诉 我. 第 二 天 他 zì jǐ qù gōng ān jú bào àn jǐng chá liú xià 自 己 去 公 安 局 报 案, 警 察 留 下 tā de lián xì fāng shì shuō rú guǒ yǒu xiāo xī 他 的 联 系 方 式, 说 如 果 有 消 息 jiù huì tōng zhī tā 就 会 通 知 他. yī gè yuè guò qù le huán méi yǒu zhǎo dào ān 一 个 月 过 去 了 还 没 有 找 到, 安

103 93 lóng zhǐ hǎo yòu mǎi le yī liàng pián yí de zì 龙只好又买了一辆便宜的自 xíng chē sān bǎi yuán shì nà zhǒng hēi sè de bā 行车, 三百元, 是那种黑色的八 shí nián dài de lǎo shì zì xíng chē hòu miàn yǒu 十 年 代 的 老 式 自 行 车, 后 面 有 gè zuò wèi tā yǒu shí hòu qí chē qù xué xiào 个 座 位. 他 有 时 候 骑 车 去 学 校, bú guò méi yǒu tā de ér zi kuài ér 不 过 没 有 他 的 儿 子 快. 而 qiě yīn wèi kuài yào dào dōng tiān yuè lái yuè lěng 且 因 为 快 要 到 冬 天, 越 来 越 冷 le suǒ yǐ màn màn dì yě bù cháng cháng qí le 了, 所 以 慢 慢 地 也 不 常 常 骑 了. yuè rì de shí hòu wǒ gēn ān lóng wèi le 1 月 4 日 的 时 候, 我 跟 安 龙 为 了 gōng zuò qù yuán míng yuán cóng nà chū lái yǐ hòu 工作去圆明园, 从那出来以后 wǒ men xū yào qù qīng huá dà xué zài cóng yuán 我 们 需 要 去 清 华 大 学. 在 从 圆 míng yuán dào qīng huá dà xué de lù shàng wǒ men 明园到清华大学的路上, 我们 mǎi le diǎn yǐn liào yī biān hē yī biān liáo tiān 买 了 点 饮 料, 一 边 喝 一 边 聊 天. kàn dào lù biān yě yǒu yī gè jié ān tè de 看 到 路 边 也 有 一 个 捷 安 特 的 zì xíng chē diàn wǒ men jiù xiǎng suí biàn kàn kàn 自 行 车 店, 我 们 就 想 随 便 看 看. shuí zhī dào yī jìn qù jiù kàn jiàn tā bèi tōu 谁知道, 一进去就看见他被偷 de zì xíng chē zài lǐ miàn yī kāi shǐ tā shuō 的 自 行 车 在 里 面. 一 开 始 他 说 nà yī dìng shì tā de ér zi wǒ huán 那 一 定 是 他 的 儿 子, 我 还 bù xiāng xìn hòu lái wǒ men yī qǐ kàn le chē 不 相 信. 后 来 我 们 一 起 看 了 车 de hǎo jǐ gè dì fāng gēn tā de ér zi 的 好 几 个 地 方, 跟 他 的 儿 子 yī mó yī yàng yīn wèi zhī qián gǎi zhuāng de dì 一模一样. 因为之前改装的地

104 94 fāng dōu hái shì yuán lái de yàng zi wǒ men jì 方都还是原来的样子. 我们记 xià chē de hào mǎ hěn kuài chū qù dǎ diàn huà 下 车 的 号 码, 很 快 出 去 打 电 话 gěi gōng ān jú guò le shí wǔ fēn zhōng jǐng chá 给 公 安 局. 过 了 十 五 分 钟, 警 察 kāi zhe chē lái le bǎ diàn yuán wǒ men hái yǒu 开 着 车 来 了, 把 店 员, 我 们 还 有 zì xíng chē yī qǐ dài dào le gōng ān jú 自 行 车 一 起 带 到 了 公 安 局. zài nà ér jǐng chá wèn le wǒ men hǎo duō wèn 在 那 儿 警 察 问 了 我 们 好 多 问 tí fēi cháng xiáng xì yě dān dú wèn le diàn yuán 题, 非 常 详 细, 也 单 独 问 了 店 员 hěn duō wèn tí dà yuē sān gè xiǎo shí guò qù 很 多 问 题, 大 约 三 个 小 时 过 去 le diàn yuán shuō tā de lǎo bǎn chū chāi le yào 了, 店 员 说 他 的 老 板 出 差 了 要 xià gè xīng qī cái huí lái ān lóng yě méi yǒu 下 个 星 期 才 回 来, 安 龙 也 没 有 dài mǎi zì xíng chē de zhèng míng suǒ yǐ wǒ men 带 买 自 行 车 的 证 明, 所 以 我 们 dōu liú xià le lián xì xìn xī jiù huí qù le 都 留 下 了 联 系 信 息 就 回 去 了. yòu guò le sān gè xīng qī diàn yuán shuō tā de 又 过 了 三 个 星 期, 店 员 说 他 的 lǎo bǎn huán méi yǒu huí lái wǒ men dōu jué dé 老 板 还 没 有 回 来, 我 们 都 觉 得 tā zài shuō huǎng ān lóng ná zhe mǎi zì xíng chē 他 在 说 谎. 安 龙 拿 着 买 自 行 车 de zhèng míng qù gěi jǐng chá kàn kě shì méi yǒu 的 证 明 去 给 警 察 看, 可 是 没 有 hào mǎ xiě zài shàng miàn suǒ yǐ bù xíng wǒ men 号 码 写 在 上 面 所 以 不 行. 我 们 yòu zhǎo dào yuè mǎi zì xíng chē de dì fāng tā 又 找 到 8 月 买 自 行 车 的 地 方, 他 men cóng wǎng shàng chá dào zhǐ yǒu tā men de diàn 们从网上查到只有他们的店 cái yǒu nà liàng zì xíng chē mài yú shì wǒ men

105 95 才有那辆自行车卖. 于是我们 dài zhe zhèng míng rén yòu qù le yī cì zhōng yú 带 着 证 明 人 又 去 了 一 次, 终 于, zì xíng chē huí lái le 自 行 车 回 来 了! ān lóng hòu lái gěi ér zi mǎi le yī 安 龙 后 来 给 儿 子 买 了 一 gè yòu dà yòu zhòng de suǒ huán zhǔn bèi bǎ tā 个 又 大 又 重 的 锁. 还 准 备 把 他 hòu lái mǎi de nà zhǒng lǎo shì zì xíng chē jì 后来买的那种老式自行车寄 dào měi guó zuò yàng pǐn yǐ hòu zuò zì xíng chē 到 美 国 做 样 品, 以 后 做 自 行 车 shēngyì wǒ men diào chá guò kě yǐ zhuàn hěn duō 生意, 我们调查过, 可以赚很多 qián 钱. zhī dào zhè jiàn shì qíng de péng yǒu dōu jué dé 知 道 这 件 事 情 的 朋 友 都 觉 得 tài jīng qí le xiàng diàn yǐng yī yàng wǒ men yào 太 惊 奇 了, 像 电 影 一 样. 我 们 要 bǎ zhè gè gù shì xiě dào běi jīng de wǎng zhàn 把 这 个 故 事 写 到 北 京 的 网 站 shàng 上. Word List 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1- -very high [mw] 真实 zhēnshí real, true, genuine, authentic 1- -very high [adj] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were

106 96 young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 故事 gùshi story plot (like of a novel) 1- -very high [n] 但 dàn but, on the other hand, nevertheless only, merely, just Dan (surname) 1--very high [adv,conj,sn] 到 dào (from...) to, up until, up to...; as of arrive, reach (preceding a location) (go) to, leave for successfully..., succeed in...(verbal suffix indicating success of the verb's action, as in kàndào 看到 "get to see, notice") thorough, thoughtful, considerate Dao (surname) 1--very high [v,prep,co,suf,sn] 现在 xiànzài now nowadays, today, at the present time 1--very high [n] 我 wǒ I, me; my {written} we; our {written} our country (usu. referring to China); our country's self Wo (surname) 1--very high [pron,sn] 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 敢 gǎn dare (to do sth); daring, bold, brave, courageous be sure, be certain {regional} surely, certainly; perhaps, probably {humble/polite} venture, dare, take the liberty (to ask, etc.) 1- -very high [v] 相信 xiāngxìn believe believe in, have faith in1- -very high [v] 它 tā it (third person singular, neuter) other, another 1--very high [pron] 真 zhēn real, true, genuine really, truly sincere Zhen (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 发生 fāshēng occur, happen, take place, arise the occurrence (of...) germinate 1--very high [v,n] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1- -very high [mw] 叫 jiào shout, yell, cry call out to, greet, address hire (like a taxi), order (a meal, dish, etc.), get name, call, designate, summon; be called/named ask, order, make (sb do sth), order, ask allow, permit, let by (particle used to indicate the passive voice) {regional} male (animal or fowl) 1- -very high [v,adj] 安 ān peace peaceful, quiet, calm, tranquil stabilize, calm (down) be content, satisfied safe, secure, healthy find a place for, place in a suitable position install, fit, fix bring a charge against, claim credit for be up to sth, harbour (certain intentions) An (surname) where how (as rhetorical particle) {physics} ampere (short for ānpéi 安培 ) 1--very high [n,v,sn] 龙 lóng {mythology} dragon (which in Chinese tradition has good connotations) symbolic of the Emperor; Imperial Long (surname) 1- -very high [n,sn] 美国 Měiguó America, the US American 1- -very high [n] 朋友 péngyou friend 1--very high [n] 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 年 nián year yearly, annual age period of life (like childhood, middle age) age, period (of history) harvest New Year, lunisolar New Year season (of special items) for the (lunisolar) New Year (like cakes, painting) (of friendship, etc.) between those who passed the Imperial examinations in the same year Nian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 月 yuè month moon Yue (surname) 1- -very high [n,tw,sn] 时候 shíhou time (when), moment 1--very high [n] 买了 辆 liàng {measure word} (used for vehicles) 1--very high [n,mw] 捷 jié win, be victorious victory, triumph the fruits of victory quick, nimble "jie" (a measure of weight) (previous) Czechoslovakia the Czech Republic Czech (language) Jie (surname) 2--high [v,sn] 特 tè special, particular, exceptional specially {colloquial, regional} very (much), really; especially {written} only, but Te (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 山地 shāndì hilly or mountainous region mountainous terrain agricultural fields on a hill or mountain 1--very high [n] 自行车 zìxíngchē bicycle 1- -very high [n] 两千 liǎngqiān 2, very low 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1- -very high [num,adj,sn]

107 97 元 yuán first, original chief, leading fundamental, primary yuan (unit of Chinese currency) Yuan Dynasty ( ) Yuan (surname) 1--very high [n,adj,sn] 白色 báisè white (colour) {metaphor} White (reactionary) 1--very high [n,adj] 他 tā he, she, it him, his (personal pronoun, prior to the May Fourth Movement [1919] used for all genders; now generally only used in reference to males, in cases when no gender differentiation is necessary, or when the gender is unknown; this is also the standard usage in Taiwan) other, another (as in tārì 他日 "on another day") 1- -very high [pron,adj] 要求 yāoqiú ask, request, require, call for demand, claim request, requirement {IT} (of computer software) the (hardware) requirements 1- -very high [v,n] 店主 diànzhǔ shop owner, owner of an inn 1- -very high [n] 对 duì toward, to, facing, regarding be directed at, confront, treat, cope with opposite couple, pair (usually a man and a woman) {measure word}... pair(s) of... (used for things that come in pairs, like shoes, or for abstract dualities, as in yī duì máodùn 一對矛盾 / 一对矛盾 "a contradiction") agree, fit compare, identify, check set, adjust, synchronize (like clocks) pair up, fit together, coordinate correct, right adulterate, mix with, add, dilute (like wine with water) split in half (like profit) {literature, poetry} couplet 1--very high [adj,n,mw] 车 chē vehicle, car implement or machine containing rotating elements (like a spinning wheel, water wheel, windmill) machine, turn on a lathe draw/lift water with a water wheel {dialect} carry (away) in a vehicle {dialect} sew sth on a sewing machine turn (one's body) Che (surname) 1--very high [n,v,sn] 做了 一些 yīxiē a number of; a certain amount of some, a few, several a little, a tiny bit more than one; more than once (as a suffix/complement following an adjective or verb) "a little... -er" 1- -very high [num] 改装 gǎizhuāng change clothes repack refit 1--very high [vo] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1- -very high [v,auxv,sn] 特色 tèsè (special) characteristic, distinctive feature or quality 1--very high [n] 骑着 qízhe riding (an animal or bicycle, etc.) sitting on the back of 3--medium 去了 北京 Běijīng Beijing (Peking) 1--very high [name] 地方 dìfang place, location space, room part, area, aspect 1--very high [n] 特别 tèbié special, particular especially, particularly specially 1--very high [adj,adv] 开心 kāixīn feel happy, find delight in make fun of sb for one's own amusement confide in enlighten 1--very high [v] 亲切 qīnqiè kind, cordial close, intimate 1- -very high [adj] 为 wéi be, mean serve as, act as become, turn do, act seem, appear by Wei (surname) 1--very high [v,auxv,sn] 儿子 érzi son 1--very high [n] 天 tiān day sky weather the heavens Tian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 去 qù go (to), go away, leave, depart get rid of, remove (verb suffix indicating movement to a place) 1--very high [vi,v] 咖啡馆 kāfēiguǎn coffee house, café 2--high [n] 学习 xuéxí study, learn learn (from sb), follow the example (of sb) 1--very high [v] 把车 bǎchē drive a vehicle 3--medium [vo] 锁 suǒ lock chains, shackles lock (a door, window, etc.) 2--high [n,v] 在外 zàiwài excluding outside 1--very high [v] 面 miàn face (toward); face, surface aspect the whole area (in contrast to diǎn 點 / 点 "selected spots") {regional, slang} habitually slow (of a person) {measure word} (used for things with a flat surface, like walls, mirrors, etc.) 1- -very high [v,n,mw] 等 děng wait (for), await until, by the time when..., by the time that... {measure word} (used for grade, rank, class, degree) a (certain) kind, type, sort equal (to), similar {grammar} (plural suffix) and so on/forth/etc. {grammar} (used to indicate the end of an enumeration of items in a series) 1--very high [v,suf,mw] 学习 xuéxí study, learn learn (from sb), follow the example (of sb) 1--very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 大概 dàgài in broad outline, in general rough, approximate probably, in all likelihood 1- -very high [adv] 小时 xiǎoshí hour 1--very high [n] 出来 chūlái come out, emerge, appear 1- -very high [v] 不见了 bùjiànle has vanished, disappeared, cannot be found 2--high [phr] 被 bèi (as passive prefix) be... by (followed by a verb: indicates passive voice, used directly before the verb without mentioning the doer of the action) {new usage} (used before a verb or noun in a sarcastic or jocular way to indicate that

108 98 the word is at odds with the facts, or that sb was forced to do sth) quilt {written} cover (with) suffer, meet, encounter 1--very high [pref,n,v] 弄断 nòngduàn cut in two, sever 4- -low 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 丢 diū lose, misplace have (sth) stolen throw away discard put aside, not use {colloquial} (of a person, child, etc. that went missing) have disappeared, gotten lost 1--very high [v] 地上 dìshang the earth's surface on the ground the ground floor region area territory 1- -very high [n,adv] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1- -very high [n,sn] 偷了 生气 shēngqì become angry, be furious, fly into a rage life, vitality 1--very high [vo] 地 dì earth, ground, land, floor, soil, field(s), farmland place, locality, site, area situation, position background (of a painting, calligraphy, etc.) (following specification of distance) a distance of... (e.g., shí gōnglǐ dì 十公里地 "a distance of 10 km") (suffix, forming an adverb from an adjective, e.g., gāoxìng 高興 / 高兴 "happy" + dì 地 yields gāoxìngdì 高興地 / 高兴地 "happily"; in this function often pronounced "de")1--very high [n] 打 dǎ strike, hit, beat break, smash, wreck batter, attack, fight come into contact with, deal with (as in dǎ jiāodao 打交道 "have dealings with") build, construct forge (like a knife) pack (like luggage) apply (like paint) make (like a phone call) remove (as in the medical term dǎchóng 打蟲 / 打虫 "deworm") knit, weave take/board (a train, plane) take/get/hire (a taxi) ladle, fetch (like porridge, water) hunt/catch (as in dǎyú 打魚 / 打鱼 "catch fish") shoot (with a firearm) collect, gather (like firewood) draft (a document, estimate, etc.) do (like odd jobs) label as, charge with fight (a war, battle) play (a game, sport) buy be about, concern {colloquial} (used like cóng 從 / 从 ) from; (used like cóng 從 / 从... qǐ 起 ) beginning at very high [vt,v] 电话 diànhuà telephone telephone call 1- -very high [n] 告诉 gàosu tell, inform 1--very high [v] 第二 dì-èr the 2nd 0--very low 自己 zìjǐ oneself by oneself (i.e., without other people) one's own 1--very high [pron,adv] 公安局 gōng'ānjú Public Security Bureau police station 2--high 报案 bào'àn report a case (to the police or authorities) 2--high [v] 警察 jǐngchá police (officer) 1--very high [n] 留下 liúxia leave behind stay behind 1- -very high [v] 联系 liánxì contact, get/be in touch (with) (contact the relevant person/people to) arrange (for) connect, associate, relate, link, integrate with link, relation, connection, association, ties 1- -very high [v,n] 方式 fāngshì way, pattern, form, fashion, mode 1--very high [n] 说 shuō speak, say, talk explain, give an explanation theory, doctrine, views scold, criticize act as go-between or matchmaker, introduce refer to, hint, indicate point to 1--very high [v] 如果 rúguǒ if, in case 1--very high [adv] 消息 xiāoxi news, information, tidings, report/coverage (of a person or an event) {{tiáo 條 / 条, zé 則 / 则, gè 個 / 个 }} 1--very high [n] 就 jiù then, in that case on the subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as exactly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending) 1--very high [conj,adv,v] 会 huì meeting meet with can, could understand, know (like a language) be able to will, be likely to, be possible, possibly moment, short while Hui (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 通知 tōngzhī notify, inform a note, notice, circular 1--very high [v,n] 过 guò go past, pass (by), go through, cross exceed, go beyond mistake blame or criticize sb for a mistake transfer (like money), adopt (like a child) read, go over, recall, call to mind {written} visit, stop by {regional} pass away, die {grammar} outperform, or fail (following dé 得 or bù 不 after a verb) {chem} per-, super- {regional} be contagious, infect Guo (surname) 1- -very high [v,suf,co,sn] 去 qù go (to), go away, leave, depart get rid of, remove (verb suffix indicating movement to a place) 1--very high [vi,v] 没有 méiyǒu not exist, not have there is not not as... as less than did not, has not (same meaning as méi 沒 / 没 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 找到 zhǎodào find, find out, discover 1--very high [v] 只好 zhǐhǎo be forced to, have no choice but, have to, all (sb) can do is very high [adv]

109 99 又 yòu again also on the other hand... then (indicating one action happening right after another) (in the pattern 又 又 yòu...yòu...) both... and very high [adv] 便宜 piányi cheap, inexpensive benefit, advantage (mostly unexpected, uncalled for, or undeserved) let (sb) get off easy (like without punishment), let (sb) get away with sth too easily let (sb) make off with (an undeserved benefit) 1--very high [v,adj] 三百 sānbǎi very low [phr] 那 nà that (one) then, in that case 1- -very high [pron,conj] 种 zhǒng type, kind {biology} species (of people) race seed, breed, strain guts, nerve, courage {measure word}... type(s) of..., kind(s) of... (used for things of a certain type, style, kind, sort [often not translated]) Zhong (surname) 3- -medium [n,mw,sn] 黑色 hēisè black (colour) 1--very high [adj,n] 八十 bāshí eighty 2--high 年代 niándài age, era, time, years, vintage decade of a century (as in bāshí niándài 八十年代 "the eighties") 1--very high [n] 老式 lǎoshì old style, outmoded way2--high [adj] 后面 hòumian at the back afterwards, later 1- -very high [adj,adv,n] 座位 zuòwèi a seat (the place or thing) 1- -very high [n] 有时候 yǒushíhou sometimes, at times, occasionally 2--high [adv] 骑车 qíchē ride a bicycle 1--very high [vo] 学校 xuéxiào school 1--very high [n] 不过 bùguò but, however, nevertheless 1- -very high [conj] 快 kuài fast hurry up soon, shortly keen, sharp (-witted, etc.) content, happy Kuai (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 而且 érqiě moreover but also, in addition 1- -very high [conj] 因为 yīnwèi because, on account of, for (often pronounced yīnwei) 1--very high [conj] 快要 kuàiyào on the verge of, on the point of, about to2--high [adv] 冬天 dōngtiān winter 1--very high [n] 越来越 yuèláiyuè more and more increasingly 2--high [adv] 冷 lěng cold icy, cold, frosty Leng (surname) 1--very high [adj,sn] 所以 suǒyǐ therefore (a conjunction indicating cause-effect relationship) so that's why that's the reason (same meaning as zhī suǒyǐ 之所以 :) the reason that... (often followed by shì yīnwèi 是因 為, 是因为... "is because...") 1--very high [conj] 慢慢 mànmàn slowly bit by bit, gradually 1- -very high [adv] 地 dì earth, ground, land, floor, soil, field(s), farmland place, locality, site, area situation, position background (of a painting, calligraphy, etc.) (following specification of distance) a distance of... (e.g., shí gōnglǐ dì 十公里地 "a distance of 10 km") (suffix, forming an adverb from an adjective, e.g., gāoxìng 高興 / 高兴 "happy" + dì 地 yields gāoxìngdì 高興地 / 高兴地 "happily"; in this function often pronounced "de")1--very high [n] 也 yě also, too, as well (followed by a negative) (not) even nevertheless, still 1--very high [adv] 常常 chángcháng frequently, often 1- -very high [adv] 骑了日 rì sun day, daytime daily, on a daily basis, every day the days, time (short for Rìběn 日本 ) Japan; Japanese 1--very high [n,adv,tw,adj] 跟 gēn heel (of the foot, a shoe, etc.) follow (close behind) (of a woman) marry sb {grammar} (as a preposition indicating the recipient of an action) together with, to, toward, from; (as a preposition indicating comparison) as, like; (as a conjunction joining items) and, with 1--very high [n,v,conj] 为了 wèile for, in order to, for the sake of 1- -very high [prep,adv] 工作 gōngzuò (do) work occupation, job, work 1--very high [v,n] 圆明园 Yuánmíngyuán Yuanming Park (Beijing) 2--high [n] 从 cóng from through, since, by ever (before negation, e.g., cóng méiyǒu 從沒有 / 从没 有 ) always (usually followed by 不, 沒 / 没, 未 etc. to mean "never") follow, accompany comply, conform, follow, obey act in a certain way (e.g., cóngkuān 從寬 / 从宽 "treat with leniency") attendant, footman, follower secondary cousin (relationship based on having the same paternal ancestor) Cong (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 出 chū go out, exit, come out, come from give out, issue, offer occur, happen, arise, emerge, show, appear produce, turn out, yield publish vent (like one's anger) expend, pay (out), spend {measure word} (used for theatrical or acrobatic performances, plays, readings, etc.) {regional} (suffix indicating direction of movement) (as verb ending) out 1--very high [v,mw,co] 来 lái come, come hither arrive (of seasons, etc.) arise, crop up (of problems, etc.) cause to come, let come, I'll have... (used in ordering in a restaurant) cause to arrive or take place for the past (amount of time) in order to (take some action) (following numbers) approximately (verb suffix) Lai (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 以后 yǐhòu after afterwards, later, thereafter hereafter, in the future 1--very high [adv] 我们 wǒmen we, us, our 1--very high

110 100 [pron] 需要 xūyào need, require 1--very high [v,n] 清华 Qīnghuá Tsinghua (university, Beijing) Tsinghua (university, Taiwan) 2--high [n] 大学 dàxué university, college {classical literature} Daxue, the Great Learning (one of the Sìshū 四書 / 四书 "Four [Confucian canonical] Books") 2- -high [n] 路上 lùshang on the road on the way, en route 1--very high [adv] 点 diǎn point, dot, spot, stain drop (of a liquid) {math} (decimal) point {measure word} a little (of sth), some, a bit of... {measure word} point (also used for counting abstract items like proposals, comments, reasons) incline one's head, nod drip, administer in drops stain, tarnish {agriculture} dibble, plant in holes hint, point out, indicate ignite, light, kindle adorn, embellish choose, order (like a dish) point, spot (location) selected spots (in contrast to miàn 面 "the whole area") metal bell or clapper to announce the hour; hour, o'clock {grammar} (a bit) more... (shortened form of 一点 used after an adjective, e.g., kuài diǎn 快點 / 快点 "faster") cakes, refreshments, snacks {printing} point (size of type, approx. 3.5 mm) point to touch lightly and very briefly {IT} click (=diǎnjī 點擊 / 点击 ) 1--very high [v,n,mw] 饮料 yǐnliào drink, beverage1--very high [n] 一边 yībiān a/one side (e.g. of a room, a street, a divider, a person, a pancake, a triangle) an edge (e.g., of knife, a board, a computer screen an aspect (like of a situation) aside, (off to) one side; beside at the same time, simultaneously; on the one hand... and at the same time... (precedes each verb) the...side (like in a negotiation or dispute) {colloquial} just as, equally (followed by an adjective) 1--very high [n,adv] 喝 hē drink drink alcoholic beverages3- -medium [v] 聊天 liáotiān chat 1--very high [v] 看到 kàndào (get to) see, notice 1--very high [v,vc] 路边 lùbiān roadside, road edge, shoulder 2- -high 店 diàn shop, store; inn, hotel 1--very high [n] 想 xiǎng think (of); intend; be keen on sth want to, would like to long for, recall with fondness, miss, think of desire 1--very high [v] 随便 suíbiàn casual, informal as one pleases, as convenient careless, without much thought 1- -very high [adj,adv,conj,v] 看看 kànkan take a look, examine carefully look on passively visit about to, on the verge of 1--very high [v] 谁 shéi who? anyone 1--very high [qu] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1--very high [v] 进去 jìnqu enter, go in (when following a verb indicates going/putting/being put into somewhere) 1--very high [vi,co] 看见 kànjian see, notice 1--very high [v] 被偷 bèitōu be robbed (by stealth) 2--high 里面 lǐmiàn inside; interior 1--very high [adj,adv,n] 开始 kāishǐ begin, start set about, set out on beginning, initial phase1--very high [v,n] 定 dìng set (a date or deadline) decide, fix, determine, stipulate, establish settle, calm down; calm, stable, still (used like dìng 訂 / 订 ) order, subscribe to, book {written} definite(ly), sure(ly), certain(ly) Ding (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,v,sn] 后来 hòulái afterwards, later 1--very high [n] 一起 yīqǐ together in company, in unison from the outset all told, in all in the same place 1--very high [adv] 看了好 hǎo good, nice, fine good to (eat, etc.) be well, in good health (before a verb) easy to... (as a verb complement, indicates finishing or finishing satisfactorily) be done...ing, finish...ing in order to, so that, for the purpose of {regional} may, can, should, ought to (emphasizes the meaning of adjectives) very, quite, pretty much... (used before adjectives to inquire about quantity or degree) how...(long, far, etc.)? 1--very high [adj,co] 几 jǐ How many? a few, several, some 1--very high [num] 一模一样 yīmúyīyàng "one model and one pattern" identical, exactly alike, as alike as two peas in a pod, the spit and image of 2--high [cy] 之前 zhīqián before, prior to; previous 1- -very high [adj,adv] 都 dōu all, both, every, in every case (when preceding shì 是, indicates the cause of sth that happened) it's all because of... (following a stressed subject, or in the pattern lián 連 / 连 dōu 都 ) even..., already... (as in Dōu shíyī diǎn le! 都十一點了 / 都十一点了! "It's eleven o'clock already!") (used in a question with an interrogative pronoun to ask for a plural answer, e.g., Nǐ dōu mǎi shénme le 你都買甚麼了 / 你都买什么了? "What things did you buy?") 1--very high [adv] 还是 háishi or still, nevertheless, after all, all the same (introducing a course of action chosen after considering options) it would be better to, had better (do sth); might as well 1--very high [adv] 原来 yuánlái original, former, old originally, formerly so, after all, what-do-you-know; as it turns out; wouldn't you know it, very high [adj,adv] 样子 yàngzi appearance, shape, form manner, look model, sample, pattern 1--very high

111 101 [n] 记下 jìxià jot down 2--high [v] 号码 hàomǎ number (like telephone number) 1- -very high [n] 出去 chūqu go out, get out 1--very high [vi,co] 给 gěi give, hand (to), present, grant (after a verb indicating transfer) to, toward; for, for the benefit of let, allow (also used as an emphatic particle, mainly in passive-voice sentences) 1--very high [v,adv,prep] 过了 十五 shíwǔ fifteen [S-] the Tenth Five-Year Plan 3--medium [n] 分钟 fēnzhōng minute (unit of time) 1- -very high [n,mw] 开着 kāizhe be open (like a door) 2--high 来了 把 bǎ {grammar} take... (and do sth with it) (auxiliary verb used to introduce the direct object of a sentence in front of the main verb) hold, grasp, grip hold (a baby out to relieve itself) grab, control, monopolize {sports, colloquial} guard, watch (like a goal) {colloquial} be close to hold sth together {regional} give, offer handlebar (like of a bicycle) bunch, bundle, handful {measure word} (used for tools and other things with a handle, like key, scissors, umbrella, sword, etc., or for things that can be grasped [chair], or for certain abstract things [years, strength, effort], a movement of the hands [like a push, a helping hand]) "approximately" (when following numerals/measure words, like bǎi bǎ nián 百把年 "approx. 100 years") refers to sworn brotherhood (as in bàibǎzi 拜把子 "become sworn brothers") 1- -very high [v,n,mw] 店员 diànyuán salesclerk, shop assistant waiter 1--very high [n] 带 dài carry, bring, take (along) belt, girdle, band, ribbon, tape, magnetic tape {automotive} tire zone, area, belt {med} whites, Leucorrhoea do sth incidentally show, bear, have hold, contain; include, (of an item for purchase, an apartment, etc.) come with (accessories, furniture, etc.) with (sth attached) lead, supervise (like students) bring up, raise, look after (like children) promote, provide momentum to 1--very high [v,n] 到了 那儿 nàr that place, there 2--high [pron] 问了 好多 hǎoduō a good many how many 1- -very high [num] 问题 wèntí question, problem, issue crux, key, heart mishap, trouble, accident 1--very high [n] 非常 fēicháng extraordinary, unusual very, extremely 1--very high [adj,adv] 详细 xiángxì detailed, thorough 1--very high [adj,co] 单独 dāndú (one spouse being) an only child, alone, by oneself single-handed 1--very high [adj,adv] 大约 dàyuē approximately probably 1- -very high [adv] 三 sān three, 3 several, numerous, many (the character 叁 is also used in Simplified character mode, to avoid forgery) 1--very high [num] 老板 lǎobǎn proprietor, boss1--very high [n] 出差 chūchāi go on a business trip, travel on official business do short-term tasks in transportation, construction, etc. 1--very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 要 yào want, need, desire demand, ask for, request must will, be going to need to, should it is necessary that..., one must... if if one hopes to..., in order to... (used in comparisons, for example 要比 yào bǐ or 比 要 bǐ...yào...), expresses a judgment/evaluation or highlights the difference important suppose that..., if, in case (yào..., yào...) either..., or... Yāo (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 下 xià under, below, underneath the later, latter, last in a series the last part (of a work) next down, downward descend, go down (of rain, snow, etc.) fall send down (like documents); issue, deliver (like an order, an ultimatum, etc.) leave/exit (from) put in play (board games) take away, dismantle (of animals) give birth to, lay (eggs) defeat, capture yield, give up, give in get off/finish (one's shift) {measure word} (used for the number of occurrences) {measure word}... glassful(s) of... (used for fillings of containers like glasses, bowls, etc.) 1--very high [v,co,postp,mw] 星期 xīngqī week Sunday wedding day the seventh day of the seventh lunisolar month 1- -very high [n] 才 cái talent, ability, gift talented (or capable, gifted) person, talent Cai (surname) (used like 纔 / 才 ) {grammar} just (now) (indicates sth has just happened) only, only then (indicates sth happening later than expected) only in this case, only under such a condition (indicates sth happens only under a given condition) only after... (indicates sth new has happened) barely, hardly, only (indicates sth/sb is comparatively small/weak) definitely, by all means (used for emphasis/assertion, usually followed by the sentence-final particle ne 呢 ) 1- -very high [n,adv,sn] 回来 huílái return, come back 2--high [vi] 买 mǎi buy, purchase 1--very high [v] 的证 dízhèng definite proof 3--medium [n] 明 míng bright, clear, evident open, overt tomorrow; next (year) know, understand Ming

112 102 (dynasty, ) Ming (surname) 1--very high [adj,v,sn] 留下 liúxia leave behind stay behind 1- -very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 信息 xìnxī information, news {IT} information, message 1--very high [n] 回 huí return, go or come back wind around, circle/turn around, look back answer, reply report (to a higher authority) go contrary to, cancel, dismiss, decline (an invitation, offer, etc.) {measure word}... times (for the number of occurrences, times, occasions, etc.); {measure word} (used for chapters, sections, sessions [of books, etc.], matters, occasions) the Hui (Muslim) nationality Hui (surname) 1--very high [v,co,mw,sn] 觉得 juéde feel (like tired) think, believe 1- -very high [v] 说谎 shuōhuǎng lie 2--high 拿着 názhe holding taking seizing capturing 2--high [v] 看 kàn look, see, read think, view (the situation) visit, call on (friends, etc.) 1--very high [v] 可是 kěshì but however yet 1--very high [adv,conj] 写 xiě write, compose draw, paint, sketch portray, depict 1--very high [v] 上面 shàngmiàn above, on top on it the above (mentioned, listed, etc.) higher authorities, one's superiors regard, respect 1--very high [adv,n] 不行 bùxíng will not do, out of the question not allowed will not work, unfit no good at, never any good at, no avail, unsuccessful very, awfully, terribly unqualified 1--very high [adj,v] 他们 tāmen they them 1--very high [pron] 网上 wǎngshàng {IT} online on the Internet 2--high [adj,adv] 查到 chádào look up and find to check 2- -high 只有 zhǐyǒu all that can be done is..., the only thing to do is... only (followed by an amount, like...years old) only if (usually followed by cái 才, as in zhǐyǒu bùduàn nǔlì cái néng huòdé chénggōng 只有不斷努力才能獲得成功 / 只有不断 努力才能获得成功, "only by making constant efforts can one succeed") 1--very high [phr,adv] 卖 mài sell (opposite of mǎi 買 / 买 "buy, purchase"); sell out, betray outgoing, not holding back show off {measure word} (used for an order in a restaurant) 1--very high [v,mw] 于是 yúshì thereupon, subsequently, at that because of that, so, then, hence, as a result, consequently (the pattern "X, 於是 / 于是 Y" expresses that event Y happened in close succession to event X, and often but not always implies that X led to Y) 1--very high [adv,conj] 带着 dàizhe bring(ing), carry(ing) 1--very high [v] 证明人 zhèngmíngrén a witness 3- -medium 次 cì order, sequence, position (in a sequence),... times arrangement the following, second, next sub- (as in cìdàlù 次大陸 / 次大陆 "subcontinent") second-rate, inferior, shoddy, substandard, of low(er) quality {written} stopover, layover among, between, in the middle of {measure word}... time(s) (following a numeral, used for number of occurrences/times/occasions) Ci (surname) {chem} hypo- 1--very high [n,adj,prep,mw,sn] 终于 zhōngyú at last, finally after all, in the final analysis 1--very high [adv] 回来 huílái return, come back 2--high [vi] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 大 dà big, large, great greatly, to a large extent, in a major way major, important, main general strong, heavy loud, high (like volume of sound, or sb's voice) (of persons) old (i.e. of a certain age) the oldest (among two or more) adult, elder (as emphatic prefix) even on...(followed by a time expression, as in dà Xīngqīrì 大星期日 "even on Sundays") (as honorific prefix) your... (used for transcription of the syllable -da- in foreign names) Da (surname) 1--very high [adj,co,sn] 重 zhòng weight; weighty, heavy, considerable (in amount or value) serious important, significant take seriously, value, lay stress on, attach importance to judicious, prudent, discreet 1- -very high [v,n,adj] 准备 zhǔnbèi prepare, make ready plan, intend 1--very high [v] 寄 jì send (by mail), mail (sth) entrust, place (like hopes on), deposit (sth with sb) depend on, rely on, attach oneself to (be) adopted 1- -very high [v] 做 zuò work, do make, create, manufacture, produce be, become, act as, be used as write, compose play the part of, disguise oneself as hold (a celebration, like a birthday) 1--very high [v] 样品 yàngpǐn sample, specimen 1--very high [n] 生意 shēngyi trade, business 1--very high [n] 调查 diàochá investigate, fact-find, look/probe into, study, survey; inquiry (like judicial)1--very high [v,n] 过 guò go past, pass (by), go through, cross exceed, go beyond mistake blame or criticize sb for a mistake transfer (like money), adopt (like a child) read, go over, recall, call to mind

113 103 {written} visit, stop by {regional} pass away, die {grammar} outperform, or fail (following dé 得 or bù 不 after a verb) {chem} per-, super- {regional} be contagious, infect Guo (surname) 1- -very high [v,suf,co,sn] 可以 kěyǐ may, can passable, not bad, pretty good be worth (doing) 1--very high [adj,v] 赚 zhuàn make a profit (in contrast to péi 賠 / 赔 "incur a loss") a profit {dialect} earn money, make money 2--high [n,v] 钱 qián money; cash coin {unit of weight} qian (approx. equivalent to 5 grams) Qian (surname) 3--medium [n,meas,sn] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1--very high [v] 件 jiàn {measure word}... piece(s) of..., item (used for clothing items, pieces of luggage, implements, utensils, matters, law cases, incidents, etc.) letter, document, piece of correspondence case (of bundled goods, such as soft drinks) {pottery/porcelain manufacturing} (standard measure for clay, used for measuring the size of vases) 1- -very high [n,mw] 事情 shìqing matter, affair, thing, event 1- -very high [n] 太 tài too, excessively so, extremely (used in an exclamatory clause) greatest, highest Tai (surname) 1--very high [adv,adj,sn] 惊奇 jīngqí be amazed, be astonished 2- -high [adj] 像 xiàng similar to, like picture, image, likeness seem, look or be like, resemble supposing, for instance 1--very high [v,adj,adv,n] 电影 diànyǐng movie, motion picture 1--very high [n] 一样 yīyàng identical, alike, the same [yī yàng] a type/kind/sort of very high [adj,adv] 这个 zhège this one (person or thing) this how...!, what...! (used in exclamations) 1--very high [pron] 写到 xiědào write about 2--high [v] 网站 wǎngzhàn website 1--very high [n] 上 shàng on, on top of... last, the previous (like shàng [gè] xīngqīwǔ 上 [ 個 ] 星期五 "last Friday") first (in a series) go up, go up to mount, board (a vehicle) go to, leave for submit, send bolt, lock (a door, etc.) (used after a verb as a resultative ending to indicate the amount or extent reached) 1--very high [v,co,postp]

114 Chinese Character List Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1white 2snowy 3pure 4bright 5empty 6blank 7plain 8clear 9to make clear 10in vain 11gratuitous 12free of charge 13reactionary 14anti-communist 15funeral 16to stare coldly 17to write wrong character 18to state 19to explain vernacular spoken lines in opera surname Bai 104 1dish (type of food) 2vegetables 3vegetable 4cuisine 5CL: 盤 盘 [pán], 道 [dào] 1ten 210 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1to see 2to meet 3to appear (to be sth) 4to interview 5to appear 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 [nín]) 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 6surname Gao 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1moon 2month 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 輪 轮 [lún] 1I 2me 3my 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] ビ 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1it 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1cause 2reason 3because

115 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 105 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to ゞ 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning ゞ 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

116 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 106 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent ズ 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year シ 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian ウ 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

117 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 107 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] を 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) ゔ 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this ゔ 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

118 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 108 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance ゔ 1face 2side 3surface 4aspect 5top 6classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc 7flour 8noodles 9flour 10noodles 1towards 2to face 3to turn towards 4direction 5to support 6to side with 7shortly before 8formerly 9always 10all along 11surname Xiang 12surname Xiang 13variant of 向, direction 14orientation 15to face 16to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to side with to be partial to all along (previously) surname Xiang variant of, direction orientation to face to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to 1public 2collectively owned 3common 4international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) 5make public 6fair 7just 8Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 9honorable (gentlemen) 10father-in-law male (animal) 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person 2employee 3member 1that 2those 3then (in that case) 4commonly pr. [nèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing 5variant of 哪 [nǎ] 1to think 2to believe 3to suppose 4to wish 5to want 6to miss (feel wistful about the absence of sb or sth) 1to carry (hanging down from the hand) 2to lift 3to put forward 4to mention 5to raise (an issue) 6upwards character stroke 7lifting brush stroke (in painting) 8scoop for measuring liquid 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 1from 2self 3oneself 4since 6surname Gao 1self 2oneself 3sixth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干 4sixth in order 5letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc 6hexa 1to make into 2to change into 3-ization 4to... -ize 5to transform 6abbr. for 化學 化学 [huà xué] 7variant of 花 1water 2river 3liquid 4beverage 5additional charges or income 6(of clothes) classifier for number of washes 7surname Shui 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 9surname Ping 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary 1strip 2item 3article 4clause (of law or treaty) 5classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1road 2CL: 條 条 [tiáo] 3journey 4route 5line (bus etc) 6sort 7kind 1how 8surname Lu 1flower 2blossom 3CL: 朵 [duǒ], 支 [zhī], 束 [shù], 把 [bǎ], 盆 [pén], 簇 [cù] 4fancy pattern 5florid 6to spend (money, time) 1to buy 2to purchase 7surname Hua 1beautiful 2very satisfactory 3good 4to be pleased with oneself 5the Americas 6abbr. for 美洲 [Měi zhōu] 7USA 8abbr. for 美國 美国 [Měi guó]

119 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1value 2(to be) worth 3to happen to 4to be on duty Definition and Stroke 109 1to obtain 2to get 3to gain 4to catch (a disease) 5proper 6suitable 7proud 8contented 9to allow 10to permit 11ready 12finished indicating effect, degree, possibility etc to have to must ought to to need to 1electric 2electricity 3electrical 1to look at 2to regard 3to inspect 13structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase 1festival 2holiday 3node 4joint 5section 6segment 7part 8to economize 9to save 10to abridge 11moral integrity 12classifier for segments, e.g. lessons, train wagons, biblical verses 13CL: 個 个 [gè] 1eye 2item 3section 4list 5catalogue 6table of contents 7order (taxonomy) 8goal 9name 10title 1to not be 2not 3wrong 4incorrect 5non- 6un- 7in- 8to reproach or blame 9(colloquial) to insist on 10simply must 11abbr. for 非洲 [Fēi zhōu], Africa 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1fire 2urgent 3ammunition 4fiery or flaming 5internal heat (Chinese medicine) 6hot (popular) 7classifier for military units (old) 1to speak 2to explain 3to negotiate 4to emphasise 5to be particular about 6as far as sth is concerned 7speech 8lecture 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 8surname Huo 1dialect 2language 3spoken words 4speech 5talk 6words 7conversation 8what sb said 9CL: 種 种 [zhǒng], 席 [xí], 句 [jù], 口 [kǒu], 番 [fān] 1book 2letter 3document 4CL: 本 [běn], 冊 册 [cè], 部 [bù] 5to write 6abbr. for 書經 书经 [shū jīng] 1to shout 2to call 3to order 4to ask 5to be called 6by (indicates agent in the passive mood) 1easy 2amiable 3to change 4to exchange 1day 2sky 3heaven 5surname Yi 1to be 2to act as 3manage 4withstand 5when 6during 7ought 8should 9match equally 10equal 11same 12obstruct 13just at (a time or place) 14on the spot 15right 16just at fitting proper to replace to regard as to think to pawn (coll.) to fail (a student) onomat. dong ding dong bell 1exhausted 2poor 1today 2modern 3present 4current 5this 6now 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 17at or in the very same... 18suitable 19adequate 1to hold 2to contain 3to grasp 4to take hold of 5handle 6particle marking the following noun as a direct object 7classifier for objects with handle 8classifier for small objects: handful 1to ask 1to change 2to exchange 9handle 1to listen 2to hear 3to obey 4a can (loanword from English "tin") 5classifier for canned beverages 6(literary pronunciation, still advocated in Taiwan) to rule 7to sentence 8to allow 1next in sequence 2second 3the second (day, time etc) 4secondary 5vice- 6sub- 7infra- 8inferior quality 9substandard 10order 11sequence 12hypo- (chemistry) 13classifier for enumerated events: time 1Han ethnic group 2Chinese (language) 3the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) 4man 1dialect 2language 3speech 4to tell to 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng]

120 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1cooked (of food) 2ripe (of fruit) 3mature (of seeds) 4familiar 5skilled 6done 7see 熟 [shú] 110 シ 1to rise 2to raise 3to get up 4to set out 5to start 6to appear 7to launch 8to initiate (action) 9to draft 10to establish 11to get (from a depot or counter) 12verb suffix, to start 13(before place or time) starting from 14classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance classifier for groups: batch, group 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1friend 1friend 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1interjection of surprise 2Ah! 3Oh! 4interjection expressing doubt or requiring answer 5Eh? 6what? 7to show realization 8to stress 9interjection of surprise or doubt 10Eh? 11My! 12what's up? 13interjection or grunt of agreement uhm Ah, OK expression of recognition Oh, it's you! modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent 1she 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to flow 2to disseminate 3to circulate or spread 4to move or drift 5to degenerate 6to banish or send into exile 7stream of water or sth resembling one 8class, rate or grade 1to walk 2to go 3to travel 4a visit 5temporary 6makeshift 7current 8in circulation 9to do 10to perform 11capable 12competent 13effective 14all right 15OK! 16will do professional relating to company behavior conduct 17a row 18series 19age order (of brothers) 20profession ゔ 1to experience 2to undergo 3to pass through 4all 5each 6every 7history 8calendar 1history 2annals 3title of an official historian in ancient China 1drama 2play 3show 4severe 4surname Shi 1to ascertain 2to act on 3to criticize 4to pass on 5classifier for batches, lots, military flights 6tier (for the ranking of universities and colleges) 1to discuss 2to comment 3to criticize 4to judge 5to choose (by public appraisal) 1to weave 2to plait 3to organize 4to group 5to arrange 6to edit 7to compile 8to write 9to compose 10to fabricate 1position 2location 3place 4seat 5classifier for people (honorific) 6classifier for binary bits (e.g. 十六位 16-bit or 2 bytes) 1woolen material 2particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about...?", "And...?") 3particle for inquiring about location ("Where is...?") 4particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action particle indicating strong affirmation 1to fall 2to collapse 3to topple 4to fail 5to go bankrupt 6to change (trains or buses) 7to move around 8to sell 9to speculate (buying and selling, also 搗 捣 ) 10profiteer to move backwards however actually as a matter of fact contrary to expectation 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 11to place upside down 12to invert 13to pour 14to throw out 1light 2easy 3gentle 4soft 5reckless 6unimportant 7frivolous 8small in number 9unstressed 10neutral 11to disparage 1to feel 2to find that 3thinking 4awake 5aware 6a nap 7a sleep 8CL: 場 场 [cháng] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 6disaster 7distress 8to scold ゔ 1ministry 2department 3section 4part 5division 6troops 7board 8classifier for works of literature, films, machines etc 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source

121 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1to be able to 2to be capable of 3ability 4capability 5able 6capable 7can possibly 8(usually used in the negative) to have the possibility of 9surname Neng 111 ぷ ウ 1complicated 2many 3in great numbers 4abbr. for 繁體 繁体 [fán tǐ], traditional form of Chinese characters 1body 2form 3style 4system 1letter 2symbol 3character 4word 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6courtesy or style name traditionally given to males aged 20 in dynastic China 1simple 2uncomplicated 3letter 4to choose 5to select 6bamboo strips used for writing (old) 1two 2both 3some 4a few 5tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1 16 of a catty 斤 [jīn] (old) 1thousand 2a swing 3a swing 1to yield 2to permit 3to let sb do sth 4to have sb do sth エ 1to change or replace 2to experience 3one of the five two hour periods into which the night was formerly divided 4watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard) 5more 6even more 7further 8still 9still more ゴ 1to hold 2to contain 3to allow 4to tolerate 5appearance 6look 7countenance 8surname Rong ゔぷ ぷ 1to piece together 2to join together 3to stake all 4adventurous 5at the risk of one's life 6to spell 1sound 2noise 3note (of musical scale) 4tone 5news 6syllable 7reading (phonetic value of a character) 1as 2as if 3such as 1I 2me 3my 1to link 2to join 3to connect 4continuously 5in succession 6including 7(used with 也, 都 etc) even 8company (military) 1capital city 2metropolis 3surname Du 4all 5both 6entirely 7(used for emphasis) even 8already 9(not) at all 1to recognize 2to know 3to admit 9surname Lian 1to know 2knowledge 3Taiwan pr. [shì] 4to record 5to write a footnote ゔ 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1five 25 1to disappear 2to vanish 3to eliminate 4to spend (time) 5have to 6need 1to lose 2to miss 3to fail 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1certificate 2proof 3to prove 4to demonstrate 5to confirm を 1to feel 2to find that 3thinking 4awake 5aware 6a nap 7a sleep 8CL: 場 场 [cháng] ゔ 1to obtain 2to get 3to gain 4to catch (a disease) 5proper 6suitable 7proud 8contented 9to allow 10to permit 11ready 12finished indicating effect, degree, possibility etc to have to must ought to to need to 1lies 2to lie 1to hold 2to seize 3to catch 4to apprehend 5to take 13structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 9see 可汗 [kè hán]

122 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1to write Definition and Stroke 112 1net 2network 3net 4network ぷ 1to research 2to check 3to investigate 4to examine 5to refer to 6to search 1to sell 2to betray 3to spare no effort 4to show off or flaunt 1to go 2to take 3sentence-final interrogative particle 4variant of 於 于 [yú] 5surname Yu 6in 7at 8to 9from 10by 11than 12out of 13surname Yu 14(literary) Oh! 15Ah! 16in 17at 18to 19from 20by 21 than 22 out of 23 surname Yu (literary) Oh! Ah! 1next in sequence 2second 3the second (day, time etc) 4secondary 5vice- 6sub- 7infra- 8inferior quality 9substandard 10order 11sequence 12hypo- (chemistry) 13classifier for enumerated events: time 1end 2finish 1heavy 2serious 3to attach importance to 4to repeat 5repetition 6again 7re- 8classifier: layer 1to allow 2to grant 3in accordance with 4in the light of 5horizontal (old) 6accurate 7standard 8definitely 9certainly 10about to become (bride, son-in-law etc) 11quasi- 12para- 13horizontal (old) 14accurate 15standard definitely certainly about to become (bride, son-in-law etc) quasi- para- 1to prepare 2get ready 3to provide or equip 1to live (in a house) 2to lodge 3to mail 4to send 5to entrust 6to depend 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1idea 2meaning 3thought 4to think 5wish 6desire 7intention 8to expect 9to anticipate 10Italy 11Italian 12abbr. for 意大利 [Yì dà lì] ゔ 1to transfer 2to move (troops or cadres) 3to investigate 4to enquire into 5accent 6view 7argument 8key (in music) 9mode (music) 10tune 11tone 12melody (food) to provoke to incite 13to harmonize 14to reconcile 15to blend 16to suit well 17to season 1to earn 2to make a profit 3to cheat 4to swindle ウ 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 1feeling 2emotion 3passion 4situation 1highest 2greatest 3too (much) 4very 5extremely 1to start 2to be frightened 3to be scared 4alarm 5surname Qian 1strange 2odd 3weird 4wonderful 5surprisingly 6unusually 7odd (number) 1to resemble 2to be like 3to look as if 4such as 5appearance 6image 7portrait 8image under a mapping (math.) 1picture 2image 3film 4movie 5photograph 6reflection 7shadow 8trace 1station 2to stand 3to halt 4to stop 5branch of a company or organization 6website

123 113 Chinese 8 Disappearing Neighbourhoods 胡同的明天 Text 有了四合院儿, 才有了胡同 有了胡同, 北京的每一部份才是活的 这些年来, 人们对老北京文化有了更多认识, 北京先后出台了很多相关规定 只是, 有时规定再多不如钱多有用 要想合理 合法不难, 地产开发公司用钱开路, 地方行政管理部门有钱好说话 ; 至于其他各方面的意见, 实在是可有可无, 因为反对也没什么用 大不了上法院, 可是上法院, 最多就是要些钱回来, 院子就别想了 这样一年年下来, 原来很多有名的 没名的地方都没了 对于这种现象, 有人说为了老北京的风土人情, 胡同不能再动了 可是反对的人说, 人多地少, 平面化的四合院儿用地多, 市里地价过高就是这个原因 还有人认为, 现在说什么也没用了 如果几十年前把老北京当成一个文物, 就没有现在这些事儿了 我想问的是, 你们说的是真的么? 有可能实现么? 去年, 有人通过对比一九四九年的地图, 发现五十多年来, 市里大部份的胡同没了, 百分之八十的四合院儿没了 从元代有胡同到现在, 七百多年过去了 胡同, 还有多少个明天?# Chinese Text and Pinyin hú tóng de míng tiān 胡 同 的 明 天 yǒu le sì hé yuàn ér cái yǒu le hú tóng 有了四合院儿, 才有了胡同 yǒu le hú tóng běi jīng de měi yī bù fèn 有了胡同, 北京的每一部份 cái shì huó de zhè xiē nián lái rén 才是活的 这些年来, 人 men duì lǎo běi jīng wén huà yǒu le gèng duō rèn 们对老北京文化有了更多认 shí běi jīng xiān hòu chū tái le hěn duō xiàng 识, 北 京 先 后 出 台 了 很 多 相 guān guī dìng 关规定

124 114 zhǐ shì yǒu shí guī dìng zài duō bù rú qián 只是, 有时规定再多不如钱 duō yǒu yòng yào xiǎng hé lǐ hé fǎ bù 多有用 要想合理 合法不 nán dì chǎn kāi fā gōng sī yòng qián kāi lù 难, 地 产 开 发 公 司 用 钱 开 路, dì fāng xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ bù mén yǒu qián hǎo shuō 地方行政管理部门有钱好说 huà zhì yú qí tā gè fāng miàn de yì jiàn 话 ; 至 于 其 他 各 方 面 的 意 见, shí zài shì kě yǒu kě wú yīn wèi fǎn 实在是可有可无, 因为反 duì yě méi shén me yòng dà bù le shàng fǎ 对也没什么用 大不了上法 yuàn kě shì shàng fǎ yuàn zuì duō jiù shì 院, 可是上法院, 最多就是 yào xiē qián huí lái yuàn zi jiù bié xiǎng le 要些钱回来, 院子就别想了 zhè yàng yī nián nián xià lái yuán lái hěn duō 这样一年年下来, 原来很多 yǒu míng de méi míng de dì fāng dōu méi le 有名的 没名的地方都没了 duì yú zhè zhǒng xiàn xiàng yǒu rén shuō wèi le 对于这种现象, 有人说为了 lǎo běi jīng de fēng tǔ rén qíng hú tóng bù 老北京的风土人情, 胡同不 néng zài dòng le kě shì fǎn duì de rén shuō 能再动了 可是反对的人说, rén duō dì shǎo píng miàn huà de sì hé yuàn 人多地少, 平面化的四合院 ér yòng dì duō shì lǐ dì jià guò gāo jiù 儿 用 地 多, 市 里 地 价 过 高 就 shì zhè gè yuán yīn hái yǒu rén rèn wèi 是这个原因 还有人认为,

125 115 xiàn zài shuō shén me yě méi yòng le rú guǒ 现在说什么也没用了 如果 jǐ shí nián qián bǎ lǎo běi jīng dāng chéng yī gè 几十年前把老北京当成一个 wén wù jiù méi yǒu xiàn zài zhè xiē shì ér 文物, 就没有现在这些事儿 le wǒ xiǎng wèn de shì nǐ men shuō de 了 我想问的是, 你们说的 shì zhēn de me yǒu kě néng shí xiàn me 是真的么? 有可能实现么? qù nián yǒu rén tōng guò duì bǐ yī jiǔ sì 去 年, 有 人 通 过 对 比 一 九 四 jiǔ nián de dì tú fā xiàn wǔ shí duō nián 九年的地图, 发现五十多年 lái shì lǐ dà bù fèn de hú tóng méi le 来, 市 里 大 部 份 的 胡 同 没 了, bǎi fēn zhī bā shí de sì hé yuàn ér méi le 百分之八十的四合院儿没了 cóng yuán dài yǒu hú tóng dào xiàn zài qī bǎi 从元代有胡同到现在, 七百 duō nián guò qù le hú tóng hái yǒu 多年过去了 胡同, 还有 duō shǎo gè míng tiān 多少个明天? Word List 胡同 hútong lane, alley, side street, small back street 2--high [n] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房 子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 明天 míngtiān tomorrow {figurative} the future, someday {classical} moon-lit sky 1- -very high [n] 有了 yǒu le already had... has had... (as an interjection) I got it, eureka, here it is O.K. 1- -very high [phr] 四合院儿 sìhéyuànr four-part traditional Chinese-style house with enclosed courtyard 5- -very low 才 cái talent, ability, gift talented (or capable, gifted) person, talent Cai (surname) (used like 纔 / 才 ) {grammar} just (now) (indicates sth has just happened) only, only then (indicates sth happening later than expected) only in this case, only under such a condition (indicates sth happens only under a given condition) only after... (indicates sth new has happened) barely, hardly, only (indicates sth/sb is comparatively small/weak) definitely, by all means (used for emphasis/assertion, usually fol-

126 116 lowed by the sentence-final particle ne 呢 ) 1- -very high [n,adv,sn] 北京 Běijīng Beijing (Peking) 1--very high [name] 每 měi each, every every time, whenever Mei (surname) 1--very high [adj,pref,sn] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 部 bù department, ministry (or similar organizational or administrative unit) part, section headquarters (esp. military) unit, force, troops category, class (under one's) command {measure word} (used for films, books, vehicles, machines, laws, regulations, rules) Bu (surname) 1- -very high [n,mw,sn] 份 fèn portion, part, share {measure word}... set(s) of...,... copy/copies of... (used for a set, copy, or a collection of things, like an issue of a newspaper, gift, serving of food, type of behaviour and similar abstract things) {measure word} (for a job) (used after yuè 月 "month", shěng 省 "province", and xiàn 縣 / 县 "county" as a suffix) 1- -very high [n,mw,suf] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 活 huó (be) alive, living (of a doctor, etc.) save lives keep alive, feed movable, flexible lively, active, vivid, quick really, exactly, simply job, work, project (mostly involving manual labour) (finished) product 1--very high [v,adj] 这些 zhèxiē these (things/people, etc.) 1- -very high [pron] 年 nián year yearly, annual age period of life (like childhood, middle age) age, period (of history) harvest New Year, lunisolar New Year season (of special items) for the (lunisolar) New Year (like cakes, painting) (of friendship, etc.) between those who passed the Imperial examinations in the same year Nian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 来 lái come, come hither arrive (of seasons, etc.) arise, crop up (of problems, etc.) cause to come, let come, I'll have... (used in ordering in a restaurant) cause to arrive or take place for the past (amount of time) in order to (take some action) (following numbers) approximately (verb suffix) Lai (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1- -very high [n,sn] 们 men (suffix added to pronouns or personal nouns to indicate the plural, e.g., wǒmen 我們 / 我们 "we"; rénmen 人們 / 人们 "people"; used for humans only) 1--very high [suf] 对 duì toward, to, facing, regarding be directed at, confront, treat, cope with opposite couple, pair (usually a man and a woman) {measure word}... pair(s) of... (used for things that come in pairs, like shoes, or for abstract dualities, as in yī duì máodùn 一對矛盾 / 一对矛盾 "a contradiction") agree, fit compare, identify, check set, adjust, synchronize (like clocks) pair up, fit together, coordinate correct, right adulterate, mix with, add, dilute (like wine with water) split in half (like profit) {literature, poetry} couplet 1--very high [adj,n,mw] 老 lǎo old, aged senior person, elderly person experienced, veteran, seasoned of long standing, old old-fashioned, outdated, obsolete former, original, same always, constantly, frequently overgrown, tough, stringy (like of vegetables that were too mature when picked; in contrast to nèn 嫩 "tender") tough, leathery, overstewed, overcooked (like of overcooked meat, well-cooked eggs, etc.) {chem} deteriorate, age, change in quality always, constantly (prefix to names to indicate affection, respect or familiarity) the venerable... (title used following a surname to indicate respect for an elderly person of superior achievements) long, for a long time very, extremely, awfully, terribly {regional} (followed by certain colours) dark... (euphemism, always followed by le 了 ) die Laozi (short for Lǎozǐ 老子, the Taoist philosopher) Lao (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,v,n,pref,sn] 文化 wénhuà culture, civilization education, schooling 1--very high [n,adj] 更 gèng more, still more, even more furthermore, further, what is more...1--very high [adv] 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1- -very high [num,adj,sn] 认识 rènshi know, understand, recognize knowledge, understanding, cognition 1--very high [v,n] 先后 xiānhòu early or late, order, priority one after another, in succession before and after the particulars of a thing 1--very high [adv,n] 出台 chūtái (of a performer) appear on stage appear, come on the scene be implemented, go into effect come out with, unveil, issue, roll out, publish, promulgate, implement (a new policy, measure, regulations, rules, etc.) 1--very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref]

127 117 相关 xiāngguān be related (to), be connected (with), be concerned be associated, be interconnected, be relevant respective {math} correlation1--very high [v,adj,n] 规定 guīdìng stipulate, prescribe, set/fix (by regulation) rule, regulation, stipulation, provision 1- -very high [n,v] 只是 zhǐshì only, merely, just; simply but, the only thing is, however 1--very high [adv] 有时 yǒushí sometimes, at times, occasionally 1--very high [adv] 再 zài again, once more further, more time and again, repeatedly no matter how... (followed by an adjective or verb, usually with dōu 都 or yě 也 in the following clause) 1--very high [adv] 不如 bùrú not as good as, inferior to (be) better to very high [phr] 钱 qián money; cash coin {unit of weight} qian (approx. equivalent to 5 grams) Qian (surname) 3--medium [n,meas,sn] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1- -very high [v,auxv,sn] 用 yòng use, employ, apply {formal} eat, drink Yong (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 要 yào want, need, desire demand, ask for, request must will, be going to need to, should it is necessary that..., one must... if if one hopes to..., in order to... (used in comparisons, for example 要比 yào bǐ or 比 要 bǐ...yào...), expresses a judgment/evaluation or highlights the difference important suppose that..., if, in case (yào..., yào...) either..., or... Yāo (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 想 xiǎng think (of); intend; be keen on sth want to, would like to long for, recall with fondness, miss, think of desire 1--very high [v] 合理 hélǐ reasonable, within reason, rational 1--very high [adj] 合法 héfǎ legal, legitimate, lawful 1--very high [adj] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 难 nán be difficult/hard cause sb difficulty, put sb in a difficult position unlikely, hardly possible, uncertain hard on sb, unpleasant to (the ear, eye, etc.) 1--very high [adj,v] 地产 dìchǎn real estate, landed property, landed estate plants 1--very high [n] 开发 kāifā develop, exploit, open up (resources, etc.) tap, bring into play, develop (talent, technology) {archaic} guide, enlighten 1--very high [v] 公司 gōngsī company, corporation, firm 1- -very high [n] 用钱 yòngqián spend money 3--medium 开路 kāilù open a road lead the way, be in the vanguard {electrical} open circuit 2--high [v] 地方 dìfāng local, district (in contrast to central administration) 1--very high [adj] 行政 xíngzhèng administration administrative1--very high [n,adj] 管理 guǎnlǐ manage, administer, control management, administration, control 1--very high [v,n] 部门 bùmén department, branch, sector, division 1--very high [n] 有钱 yǒuqián rich, wealthy 1--very high [adj] 好 hǎo good, nice, fine good to (eat, etc.) be well, in good health (before a verb) easy to... (as a verb complement, indicates finishing or finishing satisfactorily) be done...ing, finish...ing in order to, so that, for the purpose of {regional} may, can, should, ought to (emphasizes the meaning of adjectives) very, quite, pretty much... (used before adjectives to inquire about quantity or degree) how...(long, far, etc.)? 1--very high [adj,co] 说话 shuōhuà speak, talk, chat gossip blame, reproach before you can say, in no time words shuohua (storytelling during the Sòng 宋 Dynasty) 1--very high [vo] 至于 zhìyú as for, as to go so far as to (mostly in the negative) 1--very high [phr] 其他 qítā other, else 1--very high [adj] 各 gè each, every, all respectively, variously the various..., the different very high [adj,adv] 方面 fāngmiàn aspect, respect, side topic, subject 1--very high [n] 意见 yìjiàn opinion, idea, suggestion, view objection, complaint, criticism 1--very high [n] 实在 shízài real, true really, truly actually, in fact (also in the pronunciation "shízai": solid, well-done, ample) 1--very high [adj,adv] 可有可无 kěyǒukěwú dispensable, not essential 3--medium [cy] 因为 yīnwèi because, on account of, for (often pronounced yīnwei) 1--very high [conj] 反 fǎn oppose, counter, be against rebel against, revolt opposite (or different) from the expected, inverse, inside out, in reverse (as a prefix indicating opposition or reversal) counter-, anti-, contrary turn over, reverse return reactionaries, counterrevolutionaries (used like fǎn'ér 反而 ) on the contrary, instead argue/reason by analogy, analogize, infer, draw inferences (from another case) 1--very high [v,adj,pref,n] 也 yě also, too, as well (followed by a negative) (not) even nevertheless, still 1--very high [adv] 没 méi not exist, not have, not be there, be without there is not not as... as not... than scarcely less than not yet did not (used like méiyǒu 沒有 / 没有 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 什么 shénme what what? what kind of? so-

128 118 mething (in traditional characters, also written 什 麽, 甚麽, 甚麼 )1--very high [pron] 大不了 dàbuliǎo at (the) worst terrible, serious (mostly used in the negative) 2--high [adv] 上法 shàngfǎ addition 3--medium 院 yuàn courtyard, yard (character used to designate various government or public buildings) college, academy, institute, school branch of the government (like the Lìfǎyuàn 立法院 "Legislative Commission" of Taiwan) 1--very high [n] 可是 kěshì but however yet 1--very high [adv,conj] 最多 zuìduō most, at most 1--very high [adj,adv] 就 jiù then, in that case on the subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as exactly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending) 1--very high [conj,adv,v] 些 xiē few, several, some (unspecified amount) somewhat, slightly (as a postposition, used to indicate plurality) {measure word} (used for an indefinite number of people or things, can only be preceded by the numeral yī 一 "one") 1- -very high [adv,mw] 回来 huílái return, come back 2--high [vi] 院子 yuànzi courtyard, yard servant (so called in novels and operas in former times) 2--high [n] 别 bié other, another, different depart, leave, separate {regional} change, turn around distinguish, differentiate distinction, difference category, type stick into, obstruct (sb/sth) trip (sb), cause to stumble block (another bike or other vehicle with one's own) (contraction of the prohibitive bùyào 不要 ) "don't...!" Bie (surname) 1- -very high [adj,v,sn] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 这样 zhèyàng this way, like this, so 1--very high [adv,pron] 年下 niánxia lunisolar New Year's time (mostly the first half of the first lunisolar month) 2--high [n] 原来 yuánlái original, former, old originally, formerly so, after all, what-do-you-know; as it turns out; wouldn't you know it, very high [adj,adv] 有名 yǒumíng famous, celebrated, wellknown 1--very high [adj] 名 míng (personal) name fame, reputation famous, well-known {measure word} (used for persons of a certain category, profession, etc.) 1- -very high [n,adj,mw] 地方 dìfang place, location space, room part, area, aspect 1--very high [n] 都 dōu all, both, every, in every case (when preceding shì 是, indicates the cause of sth that happened) it's all because of... (following a stressed subject, or in the pattern lián 連 / 连 dōu 都 ) even..., already... (as in Dōu shíyī diǎn le! 都十一點了 / 都十一点了! "It's eleven o'clock already!") (used in a question with an interrogative pronoun to ask for a plural answer, e.g., Nǐ dōu mǎi shénme le 你都買甚麼了 / 你都买什么了? "What things did you buy?") 1--very high [adv] 对于 duìyú in regard to, to, toward, at, for 1- -very high [phr] 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 种 zhǒng type, kind {biology} species (of people) race seed, breed, strain guts, nerve, courage {measure word}... type(s) of..., kind(s) of... (used for things of a certain type, style, kind, sort [often not translated]) Zhong (surname) 3- -medium [n,mw,sn] 现象 xiànxiàng phenomenon 1--very high [n] 说 shuō speak, say, talk explain, give an explanation theory, doctrine, views scold, criticize act as go-between or matchmaker, introduce refer to, hint, indicate point to 1--very high [v] 为了 wèile for, in order to, for the sake of 1- -very high [prep,adv] 风土 fēngtǔ local conditions (like the weather) and customs 2--high [n] 人情 rénqíng human sentiment, human feelings human relationships favour, kindness gift, present social conventions human desires 2- -high [n] 能 néng can be possible capable energy (such as in yuánzǐnéng 原子能 "atomic energy") 1--very high [auxv,n] 动 dòng move, budge get moving, move into action, stir, act touch, displace, alter the position/shape of motion, movement (in contrast to jìng 靜 / 静 "still, calm") alter, change, modify use, put into use, make use of touch, move, sway, stir up, excite, arouse (like feelings) consume (food or drink) (mostly used with the negative) frequently, often, at every turn, easily 1--very high [v,n,adv] 反对 fǎnduì object to, be opposed to, be against objection(s), opposition 1--very high [v,n] 地 dì earth, ground, land, floor, soil, field(s), farmland place, locality, site, area situation, position background (of a painting, calligraphy, etc.) (following specification of distance) a

129 119 distance of... (e.g., shí gōnglǐ dì 十公里地 "a distance of 10 km") (suffix, forming an adverb from an adjective, e.g., gāoxìng 高興 / 高兴 "happy" + dì 地 yields gāoxìngdì 高興地 / 高兴地 "happily"; in this function often pronounced "de")1--very high [n] 少 shǎo few, little, less, scant, not enough seldom missing, lacking owe (money, etc.) a (little) while, a minute 1--very high [adv,v,num] 平面化 píngmiànhuà make two-dimensional {figurative} make unidimensional 4- -low [v] 市里 shìlǐ li (unit of length equal to 0.5 kilometers) 3--medium [meas] 地价 dìjià rock-bottom price land price 2- -high [n] 过高 guògāo too high 2--high 这个 zhège this one (person or thing) this how...!, what...! (used in exclamations) 1--very high [pron] 原因 yuányīn cause, reason 1--very high [n] 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 认为 rènwéi think, be of the opinion consider, hold, deem 1--very high [v] 现在 xiànzài now nowadays, today, at the present time 1--very high [n] 什么 shénme what?; what kind of...? something, anything (used to express anger, surprise, censure or negation) (used to express disapproval or disagreement) (after a verb) for what, why (used to indicate an incomplete list) things like...; and so on, and what not in traditional characters, also written 什麼, 什麽, or 甚麽 1--very high [qu,pref] 没用 méiyòng useless, of no use 2--high 如果 rúguǒ if, in case 1--very high [adv] 几十年 jǐshínián tens of years, several decades 2--high 前 qián in front forward, ahead front, first before, ago previous, preceding {Chinese chess} at the front (the piece at the front, relative to the player) 1--very high [adj,adv,suf] 把 bǎ {grammar} take... (and do sth with it) (auxiliary verb used to introduce the direct object of a sentence in front of the main verb) hold, grasp, grip hold (a baby out to relieve itself) grab, control, monopolize {sports, colloquial} guard, watch (like a goal) {colloquial} be close to hold sth together {regional} give, offer handlebar (like of a bicycle) bunch, bundle, handful {measure word} (used for tools and other things with a handle, like key, scissors, umbrella, sword, etc., or for things that can be grasped [chair], or for certain abstract things [years, strength, effort], a movement of the hands [like a push, a helping hand]) "approximately" (when following numerals/measure words, like bǎi bǎ nián 百把年 "approx. 100 years") refers to sworn brotherhood (as in bàibǎzi 拜把子 "become sworn brothers") 1- -very high [v,n,mw] 当成 dàngchéng treat as, regard as 1- -very high [v] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1- -very high [mw] 文物 wénwù cultural relic cultural heritage 1- -very high [n] 没有 méiyǒu not exist, not have there is not not as... as less than did not, has not (same meaning as méi 沒 / 没 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 事儿 shìr affair matter thing business 2- -high [n] 我 wǒ I, me; my {written} we; our {written} our country (usu. referring to China); our country's self Wo (surname) 1--very high [pron,sn] 问 wèn ask, inquire send one's regards, inquire after (sb's health etc.) Wen (surname) 1- -very high [v,sn] 你们 nǐmen you (second person, plural) 1- -very high [pron] 真 zhēn real, true, genuine really, truly sincere Zhen (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 么 me (a suffix, as in shénme 甚麼 / 什么 "what?") 2--high [suf] 可能 kěnéng possible, probable, likely may, maybe, probably possibly probability, possibility, likelihood 1--very high [adj,adv,n] 实现 shíxiàn realize, achieve, bring about come true, come about, materialize 1--very high [v] 去年 qùnián last year 1--very high [n] 通过 tōngguò through, by way of, by means of, by pass through, traverse pass, adopt (legislation, etc.) pass (an examination/inspection) ask the consent/approval of1--very high [v] 对比 duìbǐ compare, contrast ratio {geosciences} correlation 1--very high [n,v] 一九四九 yī-jiǔ-sì-jiǔ 1, very low 地图 dìtú a map 1--very high [n] 发现 fāxiàn discover, find, notice; discovery 1- -very high [v,n] 五十多 wǔshíduō more than very low [v,n]

130 120 大部份 dàbùfen most mostly (when written with the character 份, this word is a nonstandard variant of dàbùfen 大部分 ) 3--medium [adv,n] 百 bǎi hundred, 100; hundredfold numerous, all kinds of, all sorts of Bai (surname) 1- -very high [num,adj,sn] 分之 fēnzhī (used in percentages, e.g., sān fēnzhī èr 三分之二 "two thirds") 2--high [num] 八十 bāshí eighty 2--high 从 cóng from through, since, by ever (before negation, e.g., cóng méiyǒu 從沒有 / 从没 有 ) always (usually followed by 不, 沒 / 没, 未 etc. to mean "never") follow, accompany comply, conform, follow, obey act in a certain way (e.g., cóngkuān 從寬 / 从宽 "treat with leniency") attendant, footman, follower secondary cousin (relationship based on having the same paternal ancestor) Cong (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 元代 Yuándài the Yuan Dynasty ( ) 3- -medium 到 dào (from...) to, up until, up to...; as of arrive, reach (preceding a location) (go) to, leave for successfully..., succeed in...(verbal suffix indicating success of the verb's action, as in kàndào 看到 "get to see, notice") thorough, thoughtful, considerate Dao (surname) 1--very high [v,prep,co,suf,sn] 七百 qībǎi very low 过 guò go past, pass (by), go through, cross exceed, go beyond mistake blame or criticize sb for a mistake transfer (like money), adopt (like a child) read, go over, recall, call to mind {written} visit, stop by {regional} pass away, die {grammar} outperform, or fail (following dé 得 or bù 不 after a verb) {chem} per-, super- {regional} be contagious, infect Guo (surname) 1- -very high [v,suf,co,sn] 去 qù go (to), go away, leave, depart get rid of, remove (verb suffix indicating movement to a place) 1--very high [vi,v] 多少 duōshǎo number, amount more or less, to some extent/degree 1--very high [n]

131 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style Chinese Chaeracter List 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1white 2snowy 3pure 4bright 5empty 6blank 7plain 8clear 9to make clear 10in vain 11gratuitous 12free of charge 13reactionary 14anti-communist 15funeral 16to stare coldly 17to write wrong character 18to state 19to explain vernacular spoken lines in opera surname Bai 121 1dish (type of food) 2vegetables 3vegetable 4cuisine 5CL: 盤 盘 [pán], 道 [dào] 1ten 210 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1to see 2to meet 3to appear (to be sth) 4to interview 5to appear 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 [nín]) 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 6surname Gao 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1moon 2month 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 輪 轮 [lún] 1I 2me 3my 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1it 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1cause 2reason 3because

132 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 122 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns ゔ 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance ゔ 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice を 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) ウ 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

133 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 123 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai エ ゔゔ 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year を 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

134 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 124 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this サ 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

135 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 125 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance 1face 2side 3surface 4aspect 5top 6classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc 7flour 8noodles 9flour 10noodles 1towards 2to face 3to turn towards 4direction 5to support 6to side with 7shortly before 8formerly 9always 10all along 11surname Xiang 12surname Xiang 13variant of 向, direction 14orientation 15to face 16to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to side with to be partial to all along (previously) surname Xiang variant of, direction orientation to face to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to 1public 2collectively owned 3common 4international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) 5make public 6fair 7just 8Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 9honorable (gentlemen) 10father-in-law male (animal) 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person 2employee 3member 1that 2those 3then (in that case) 4commonly pr. [nèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing 5variant of 哪 [nǎ] 1to think 2to believe 3to suppose 4to wish 5to want 6to miss (feel wistful about the absence of sb or sth) 1to carry (hanging down from the hand) 2to lift 3to put forward 4to mention 5to raise (an issue) 6upwards character stroke 7lifting brush stroke (in painting) 8scoop for measuring liquid 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 1from 2self 3oneself 4since 6surname Gao 1self 2oneself 3sixth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干 4sixth in order 5letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc 6hexa 1to make into 2to change into 3-ization 4to... -ize 5to transform 6abbr. for 化學 化学 [huà xué] 7variant of 花 エ 1water 2river 3liquid 4beverage 5additional charges or income 6(of clothes) classifier for number of washes 7surname Shui 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 9surname Ping 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary 1strip 2item 3article 4clause (of law or treaty) 5classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1road 2CL: 條 条 [tiáo] 3journey 4route 5line (bus etc) 6sort 7kind 1how 8surname Lu 1flower 2blossom 3CL: 朵 [duǒ], 支 [zhī], 束 [shù], 把 [bǎ], 盆 [pén], 簇 [cù] 4fancy pattern 5florid 6to spend (money, time) 1to buy 2to purchase 7surname Hua 1beautiful 2very satisfactory 3good 4to be pleased with oneself 5the Americas 6abbr. for 美洲 [Měi zhōu] 7USA 8abbr. for 美國 美国 [Měi guó]

136 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1value 2(to be) worth 3to happen to 4to be on duty Definition and Stroke 126 1to obtain 2to get 3to gain 4to catch (a disease) 5proper 6suitable 7proud 8contented 9to allow 10to permit 11ready 12finished indicating effect, degree, possibility etc to have to must ought to to need to 1electric 2electricity 3electrical 1to look at 2to regard 3to inspect 13structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase

137 127 9 Dogs Chinese 都市养狗热 Text 一次和父母晚饭后散步回来, 刚进家门就发现鞋底下竟然踩了狗屎, 弄得满屋臭气 想一想这倒是我回国以后第一次和宠物狗的 " 亲密接触 " 家里饲养宠物狗是近几年的一种新时尚 从好的方面说, 人们经济水平提高了, 有能力购买 饲养宠物狗, 体现了人们对动物的爱心 但是接踵而来的却是因养狗引起的诸多城市问题 : 1. 影响都市环境卫生 自从那次散步遭遇之后, 我在街上走路时都会 " 多加小心 ", 潜意识里总有又踩 " 地雷 " 的危机感 刚开始看到 " 地雷 " 我都会不由自主打寒颤, 慢慢见得多了竟然也没有感觉了, 只要避开了事 这种不顾公共环境的做法反映出某些宠物狗饲养者极差的公共意识和法律规范的不完善 记得一部美国幽默片里一只百万富翁的狗在大街上方便, 警察正要开罚单, 那个富翁竟用一张百元钞票卷起狗屎丢进垃圾筒 2. 增加各种疾病的传播 为了降低成本, 很多交易市场里的狗都没有经过疫苗注射 卖狗的人通常以狗太小不能打疫苗等托词欺骗消费者 人如果被这种狗咬了就有感染狂犬病的可能 宠物医院高价乱收费也是导致病狗得不到及时救治, 遭抛弃而增加传播疾病可能的重要原因 现在各大城市还没有处理动物尸体的具体方法 我看到很多人都是把死亡的宠物包进一个大的塑料袋便丢进垃圾箱或仍进河里 夏天将至, 想想这些随意丢弃的宠物尸体将会给人们的身体健康和周围环境造成多大危害和污染 3. 因养狗引起的人与人之间的矛盾 与国外不同, 中国自古总是把狗和不好的东西联系在一起, 比如 " 狗仗人势 "," 狗眼看人低 " 等 随着城市宠物狗数量不断上升, 各种 " 狗 " 官司也不绝于耳 今天这家半夜狗叫吵了街坊四邻, 明天那家遛狗不拴绳吓了路人 还常听见哪家狗伤了人, 狗主人不仅不赔偿反而和受伤者大打出手的荒唐事 综合各方面因素来看, 我认为中国的 " 宠物狗热 " 真的需要降降温了

138 128 Chinese Text and Pinyin dū shì yǎng gǒu rè 都 市 养 狗 热 yī cì hé fù mǔ wǎn fàn hòu sàn bù huí lái 一 次 和 父 母 晚 饭 后 散 步 回 来, gāng jìn jiā mén jiù fā xiàn xié dǐ xià jìng rán 刚进家门就发现鞋底下竟然 cǎi le gǒu shǐ nòng dé mǎn wū chòu qì 踩 了 狗 屎, 弄 得 满 屋 臭 气 xiǎng yī xiǎng zhè dào shì wǒ huí guó yǐ hòu dì 想一想这倒是我回国以后第 yī cì hé chǒng wù gǒu de qīn mì jiē chù 一 次 和 宠 物 狗 的 " 亲 密 接 触 " jiā lǐ sì yǎng chǒng wù gǒu shì jìn jǐ nián de 家 里 饲 养 宠 物 狗 是 近 几 年 的 yī zhǒng xīn shí shàng cóng hǎo de fāng miàn shuō 一 种 新 时 尚 从 好 的 方 面 说, rén men jīng jì shuǐ píng tí gāo le yǒu néng 人 们 经 济 水 平 提 高 了, 有 能 lì gòu mǎi sì yǎng chǒng wù gǒu tǐ xiàn 力 购 买 饲 养 宠 物 狗, 体 现 le rén men duì dòng wù de ài xīn dàn shì 了 人 们 对 动 物 的 爱 心 但 是 jiē zhǒng ér lái de què shì yīn yǎng gǒu yǐn qǐ 接 踵 而 来 的 却 是 因 养 狗 引 起 de zhū duō chéng shì wèn tí 的 诸 多 城 市 问 题 : yǐng xiǎng dū shì huán jìng wèi shēng 1. 影 响 都 市 环 境 卫 生 zì cóng nà cì sàn bù zāo yù zhī hòu wǒ 自 从 那 次 散 步 遭 遇 之 后, 我 zài jiē shàng zǒu lù shí dū huì duō jiā xiǎo xīn 在街上走路时都会 " 多加小心 ",

139 129 qián yì shí lǐ zǒng yǒu yòu cǎi dì léi de wēi 潜意识里总有又踩 " 地雷 " 的危 jī gǎn gāng kāi shǐ kàn dào dì léi wǒ dū 机 感 刚 开 始 看 到 " 地 雷 " 我 都 huì bù yóu zì zhǔ dǎ hán chàn màn màn jiàn 会 不 由 自 主 打 寒 颤, 慢 慢 见 dé duō le jìng rán yě méi yǒu gǎn jué le 得 多 了 竟 然 也 没 有 感 觉 了, zhǐ yào bì kāi liǎo shì zhè zhǒng bù gù gōng 只 要 避 开 了 事 这 种 不 顾 公 gòng huán jìng de zuò fǎ fǎn yìng chū mǒu xiē chǒng 共环境的做法反映出某些宠 wù gǒu sì yǎng zhě jí chā de gōng gòng yì shí 物 狗 饲 养 者 极 差 的 公 共 意 识 hé fǎ lǜ guī fàn de bù wán shàn jì dé 和 法 律 规 范 的 不 完 善 记 得 yī bù měi guó yōu mò piàn lǐ yī zhǐ bǎi wàn 一 部 美 国 幽 默 片 里 一 只 百 万 fù wēng de gǒu zài dà jiē shàng fāng biàn jǐng 富 翁 的 狗 在 大 街 上 方 便, 警 chá zhèng yào kāi fá dān nà gè fù wēng jìng 察 正 要 开 罚 单, 那 个 富 翁 竟 yòng yī zhāng bǎi yuán chāo piào juǎn qǐ gǒu shǐ diū 用一张百元钞票卷起狗屎丢 jìn lā jī tǒng 进 垃 圾 筒 zēng jiā gè zhǒng jí bìng de chuán bō 2. 增 加 各 种 疾 病 的 传 播 wèi le jiàng dī chéng běn hěn duō jiāo yì shì 为 了 降 低 成 本, 很 多 交 易 市 chǎnglǐ de gǒu dōu méi yǒu jīng guò yì miáo zhù 场里的狗都没有经过疫苗注 shè mài gǒu de rén tōng cháng yǐ gǒu tài xiǎo 射 卖 狗 的 人 通 常 以 狗 太 小 bù néng dǎ yì miáo děng tuō cí qī piàn xiāo fèi 不 能 打 疫 苗 等 托 词 欺 骗 消 费 zhě rén rú guǒ bèi zhè zhǒng gǒu yǎo le jiù 者 人 如 果 被 这 种 狗 咬 了 就 yǒu gǎn rǎn kuáng quǎn bìng de kě néng chǒng wù 有 感 染 狂 犬 病 的 可 能 宠 物

140 130 yī yuàn gāo jià luàn shōu fèi yě shì dǎo zhì bìng 医 院 高 价 乱 收 费 也 是 导 致 病 gǒu dé bù dào jí shí jiù zhì zāo pāo qì 狗 得 不 到 及 时 救 治, 遭 抛 弃 ér zēng jiā chuán bō jí bìng kě néng de zhòng yào 而 增 加 传 播 疾 病 可 能 的 重 要 yuán yīn xiàn zài gè dà chéng shì huán méi yǒu 原因 现在各大城市还没有 chǔ lǐ dòng wù shī tǐ de jù tǐ fāng fǎ 处 理 动 物 尸 体 的 具 体 方 法 wǒ kàn dào hěn duō rén dōu shì bǎ sǐ wáng de 我 看 到 很 多 人 都 是 把 死 亡 的 chǒng wù bāo jìn yī gè dà de sù liào dài biàn 宠物包进一个大的塑料袋便 diū jìn lā jī xiāng huò réng jìn hé lǐ xià 丢 进 垃 圾 箱 或 仍 进 河 里 夏 tiān jiāng zhì xiǎng xiǎng zhè xiē suí yì diū qì 天 将 至, 想 想 这 些 随 意 丢 弃 de chǒng wù shī tǐ jiāng huì gěi rén men de shēn 的 宠 物 尸 体 将 会 给 人 们 的 身 tǐ jiàn kāng hé zhōu wéi huán jìng zào chéng duō dà 体 健 康 和 周 围 环 境 造 成 多 大 wēi hài hé wū rǎn 危 害 和 污 染 yīn yǎng gǒu yǐn qǐ de rén yǔ rén zhī jiān 3. 因 养 狗 引 起 的 人 与 人 之 间 de máo dùn 的 矛 盾 yǔ guó wài bù tóng zhōng guó zì gǔ zǒng shì 与 国 外 不 同, 中 国 自 古 总 是 bǎ gǒu hé bù hǎo de dōng xī lián xì zài yī 把 狗 和 不 好 的 东 西 联 系 在 一 qǐ bǐ rú gǒu zhàng rén shì gǒu yǎn 起, 比 如 " 狗 仗 人 势 ", " 狗 眼 kàn rén dī děng suí zhe chéng shì chǒng wù gǒu 看 人 低 " 等 随 着 城 市 宠 物 狗 shù liàng bù duàn shàng shēng gè zhǒng gǒu guān sī 数 量 不 断 上 升, 各 种 " 狗 " 官 司

141 131 yě bù jué yú ěr jīn tiān zhè jiā bàn yè 也 不 绝 于 耳 今 天 这 家 半 夜 gǒu jiào chǎo le jiē fáng sì lín míng tiān nà 狗 叫 吵 了 街 坊 四 邻, 明 天 那 jiā liù gǒu bù shuān shéng xià le lù rén huán 家 遛 狗 不 拴 绳 吓 了 路 人 还 chángtīng jiàn nǎ jiā gǒu shāng le rén gǒu zhǔ 常听见哪家狗伤了人, 狗主 rén bù jǐn bù péi cháng fǎn ér hé shòu shāng zhě 人 不 仅 不 赔 偿 反 而 和 受 伤 者 dà dǎ chū shǒu de huāng táng shì 大 打 出 手 的 荒 唐 事 zōng hé gè fāng miàn yīn sù lái kàn wǒ rèn 综合各方面因素来看, 我认 wèi zhōng guó de chǒng wù gǒu rè zhēn de xū yào 为 中 国 的 " 宠 物 狗 热 " 真 的 需 要 jiàng jiàng wēn le 降降温了 Word List 都市 dūshì metropolis, major city 1--very high [n] 养 yǎng support, care for (like a family), provide for raise, grow, keep, rear (animals, plants, etc.) acquire, contract, form (habits, etc.) nourish convalesce, recuperate refine, cultivate foster keep, maintain (in good shape/order) (of hair) let grow long Yang (a town during the Chūnqiū 春秋 Period [ BCE] in Shenqiu, Hénán 河南 Province) Yang (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 狗 gǒu dog, Canis lupus familiaris {abusive} damned (person, etc.); lackey 1--very high [n] 热 rè hot ardent, fervent crave, be envious popular, in demand fad, craze, rage thermal {med} hot (one of the Eight Principal Syndromes, see Bā Gāng 八綱 / 八纲 ) 1--very high [adj,n] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 次 cì order, sequence, position (in a sequence),... times arrangement the following, second, next sub- (as in cìdàlù 次大陸 / 次大陆 "subcontinent") second-rate, inferior, shoddy, substandard, of low(er) quality {written} stopover, layover among, between, in the middle of {measure word}... time(s) (following a numeral, used for number of occurrences/times/occasions) Ci (surname) {chem} hypo- 1--very high [n,adj,prep,mw,sn] 和 hé and; with together with kind, gentle, mild; (be) on good terms with, harmonious; harmony, peace {sports} (of the result of a competition) a draw, a tie Japan, Japanese He (surname) 1--very high [conj,adj,n,sn] 父母 fùmǔ father and mother, parents 1- -very high [n] 晚饭 wǎnfàn supper, dinner 2--high [n] 后 hòu after, behind back, rear afterwards, later last, in the back, at the end offspring, progeny {Chinese chess} at the rear (the piece at the rear, relative to the player) Hou (surname) 3--medium [adj,suf,sn] 散步 sànbù take a walk, take a stroll walk, stroll 1--very high [v] 回来 huílái return, come back 2--high [vi] 刚 gāng just (a moment ago) exactly, just, precisely barely, just just when...; hardly... when...(often in combination with jiù 就 expressing "... when...") hard, firm, strong, staunch Gang (surname) 1--very high [adv,adj,sn] 进 jìn advance, move forward/ahead (opposite of tuì 退 ) enter, come/go in take in, bring

142 132 in, receive recruit, admit submit, present eat, drink, take (as verb ending) into, in {measure word} (of an old-style residential compound with an inner courtyard or multiple linked courtyards) a courtyard and its associated rooms {sports} goal (in soccer) {Chinese chess} advance (a number of points) 1--very high [v,n,co] 家门 jiāmén main house gate my family, my clan family relative 2--high [n] 就 jiù then, in that case on the subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as exactly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending) 1--very high [conj,adv,v] 发现 fāxiàn discover, find, notice; discovery 1- -very high [v,n] 鞋底 xiédǐ shoe sole 2--high 下 xià under, below, underneath the later, latter, last in a series the last part (of a work) next down, downward descend, go down (of rain, snow, etc.) fall send down (like documents); issue, deliver (like an order, an ultimatum, etc.) leave/exit (from) put in play (board games) take away, dismantle (of animals) give birth to, lay (eggs) defeat, capture yield, give up, give in get off/finish (one's shift) {measure word} (used for the number of occurrences) {measure word}... glassful(s) of... (used for fillings of containers like glasses, bowls, etc.) 1--very high [v,co,postp,mw] 竟然 jìngrán unexpectedly, to one's surprise, actually1--very high [adv] 踩了狗屎 gǒushǐ {vulgar} dog shit disgusting 3- -medium [n,adj] 弄 nòng play with, fiddle with do, handle, fix get, fetch play (like tricks) play music act, perform 1--very high [v] 得 de {grammar} (as structural particle between verb/adjective and a following complement) able to...; to the degree of...(used after certain verbs to indicate ability, possibility, or achievement to a certain degree, e.g., wǒ kàn de hěn qīngchu 我 看得很清楚 "I could see it clearly") 1--very high [adv] 满 mǎn full (of), filled with feel satisfied proud, haughty reach (a certain time limit); expire entire, whole completely, entirely Manchu, Manchurian, Man ethnic group Man (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,v,n,sn] 屋 wū house room 1--very high [n] 臭气 chòuqì foul smell, stink 3--medium [n] 想 xiǎng think (of); intend; be keen on sth want to, would like to long for, recall with fondness, miss, think of desire 1--very high [v] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 倒 dào turn upside down, reverse, invert throw out, discard, dump upside down, inverted, reverse, backward move backward pour (a liquid), dump {grammar} nevertheless, on the contrary (expressing a result/outcome opposite of the expected); although...(indicating contrast); but, still (indicating concession); quickly...! (indicating impatience) 3--medium [v,adv] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 我 wǒ I, me; my {written} we; our {written} our country (usu. referring to China); our country's self Wo (surname) 1--very high [pron,sn] 回国 huíguó return to one's native country 1- -very high [v] 以后 yǐhòu after afterwards, later, thereafter hereafter, in the future 1--very high [adv] 第一 dì-yī first primary, most important 1- -very high [adj,num] 宠物狗 chǒngwùgǒu pet dog 3- -medium [n] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房 子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 亲密 qīnmì close, intimate 1--very high [adj] 接触 jiēchù contact, be in contact with contact touch engage (e.g., the enemy) {political science} engagement {electrical} contact, connect 1--very high [v] 家里 jiāli home at home, in the family wife 2--high [adv,n] 饲养 sìyǎng raise, feed (animals) 2--high [v] 近 jìn near (in time or space, in contrast to yuǎn 遠 / 远 "far, distant") close, intimate simple, easy to understand nearly, approximately 1--very high [adj,adv] 几 jǐ How many? a few, several, some 1--very high [num] 年 nián year yearly, annual age period of life (like childhood, middle age) age, period (of

143 133 history) harvest New Year, lunisolar New Year season (of special items) for the (lunisolar) New Year (like cakes, painting) (of friendship, etc.) between those who passed the Imperial examinations in the same year Nian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 种 zhǒng type, kind {biology} species (of people) race seed, breed, strain guts, nerve, courage {measure word}... type(s) of..., kind(s) of... (used for things of a certain type, style, kind, sort [often not translated]) Zhong (surname) 3- -medium [n,mw,sn] 新 xīn new modern, contemporary recently married newly, recently, lately Xin (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 时尚 shíshàng fashion, fad vogue trendy, fashionable 1--very high [n,adj] 从 cóng from through, since, by ever (before negation, e.g., cóng méiyǒu 從沒有 / 从没 有 ) always (usually followed by 不, 沒 / 没, 未 etc. to mean "never") follow, accompany comply, conform, follow, obey act in a certain way (e.g., cóngkuān 從寬 / 从宽 "treat with leniency") attendant, footman, follower secondary cousin (relationship based on having the same paternal ancestor) Cong (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 好 hǎo good, nice, fine good to (eat, etc.) be well, in good health (before a verb) easy to... (as a verb complement, indicates finishing or finishing satisfactorily) be done...ing, finish...ing in order to, so that, for the purpose of {regional} may, can, should, ought to (emphasizes the meaning of adjectives) very, quite, pretty much... (used before adjectives to inquire about quantity or degree) how...(long, far, etc.)? 1--very high [adj,co] 方面 fāngmiàn aspect, respect, side topic, subject 1--very high [n] 说 shuō speak, say, talk explain, give an explanation theory, doctrine, views scold, criticize act as go-between or matchmaker, introduce refer to, hint, indicate point to 1--very high [v] 人们 rénmen people 1--very high [n] 经济 jīngjì economy, economic financial condition (like of a family) be economical 1- -very high [n,adj] 水平 shuǐpíng level, proficiency (in a skill) level, horizontal standard (like of living) water level {linguistics} proficiency level 1--very high [adj,n] 提高 tígāo raise, elevate, heighten improve, enhance, upgrade 1--very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1- -very high [v,auxv,sn] 能力 nénglì ability, capability 1--very high [n] 购买 gòumǎi buy, purchase 1--very high [v] 体现 tǐxiàn embody, incarnate, reflect, give expression to 1--very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 对 duì toward, to, facing, regarding be directed at, confront, treat, cope with opposite couple, pair (usually a man and a woman) {measure word}... pair(s) of... (used for things that come in pairs, like shoes, or for abstract dualities, as in yī duì máodùn 一對矛盾 / 一对矛盾 "a contradiction") agree, fit compare, identify, check set, adjust, synchronize (like clocks) pair up, fit together, coordinate correct, right adulterate, mix with, add, dilute (like wine with water) split in half (like profit) {literature, poetry} couplet 1--very high [adj,n,mw] 动物 dòngwù animal1--very high [n] 爱心 àixīn loving heart (the mentality of being kind and tender toward others) love, caring, compassion 1--very high [n] 但是 dànshì but, still, yet 1--very high [phr,conj] 接踵 jiēzhǒng follow on sb's heels 2--high [v] 而 ér (joining two adjectives)...and... (indicating a sequence or consequence)... and thus..., therefore (indicating a contrast)...but... (indicating a transition)...to... (indicating sth happens at a certain time) at..., when... (indicating sth happens under a certain condition) if very high [conj] 来 lái come, come hither arrive (of seasons, etc.) arise, crop up (of problems, etc.) cause to come, let come, I'll have... (used in ordering in a restaurant) cause to arrive or take place for the past (amount of time) in order to (take some action) (following numbers) approximately (verb suffix) Lai (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 却是 quèshì in fact, in reality 1--very high 因 yīn because (of), on account of, due to therefore cause, reason Yin (surname) 1- -very high [adv,n,conj,sn] 引起 yǐnqǐ give rise to, cause, touch off, trigger 1--very high [v] 诸多 zhūduō many, all sorts of (mostly of things in the abstract) 1--very high [adj] 城市 chéngshì city, town 1--very high [n] 问题 wèntí question, problem, issue crux, key, heart mishap, trouble, accident 1--very high [n] 影响 yǐngxiǎng influence, affect, impact harm, impair, interfere with, undermine an influence, effect (often implies an undesirable or harmful effect) an interference, harm 1--very

144 134 high [v,n] 环境 huánjìng environment, surroundings (surrounding) conditions, ambience, climate 1--very high [n] 卫生 wèishēng health, hygiene hygienic, sanitary 1--very high [n,adj] 自从 zìcóng since, from 1--very high [prep] 那 nà that (one) then, in that case 1- -very high [pron,conj] 遭遇 zāoyù encounter, meet with (misfortune, an accident, difficulties, a setback, the enemy) sth encountered, experience (usu. a bad one) 1--very high [v] 之后 zhīhòu after after that, afterwards, later 1--very high [adv] 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 街上 jiēshang in the street, on the street main street, downtown 2--high [adv] 走路 zǒulù walk, travel on foot leave, depart run away, flee 1--very high [vo] 时 shí time when, at (a certain time) o'clock (written form) current, present at that time occasionally, now and then; at times, sometimes (in the pattern 時 時 ) Shi (surname) 1- -very high [n,postp,sn] 都 dōu all, both, every, in every case (when preceding shì 是, indicates the cause of sth that happened) it's all because of... (following a stressed subject, or in the pattern lián 連 / 连 dōu 都 ) even..., already... (as in Dōu shíyī diǎn le! 都十一點了 / 都十一点了! "It's eleven o'clock already!") (used in a question with an interrogative pronoun to ask for a plural answer, e.g., Nǐ dōu mǎi shénme le 你都買甚麼了 / 你都买什么了? "What things did you buy?") 1--very high [adv] 会 huì meeting meet with can, could understand, know (like a language) be able to will, be likely to, be possible, possibly moment, short while Hui (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1- -very high [num,adj,sn] 加 jiā add, append, put in {math} add;...plus...(adding numbers) increase, raise, augment impose (used between a one-syllable adverb and a two-syllable verb to indicate that the action is directed towards sth or sb mentioned before or understood) Jia (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 小心 xiǎoxīn be careful, take care, be cautious, watch out 1--very high [v] 潜意识 qiányìshí the subconscious 2--high [n] 里 lǐ in, inside (as a postposition) 1- -very high [adv,suf,postp] 总 zǒng overall, main, general, chief, leading total, gross assemble, put together, gather, sum up always, without exception, invariably after all, eventually, anyway, sooner or later at least, surely 1--very high [adj,adv,v] 又 yòu again also on the other hand... then (indicating one action happening right after another) (in the pattern 又 又 yòu...yòu...) both... and very high [adv] 踩 cǎi step on, tread on, trample on {figurative} belittle, diminish, trample on {archaic} track or hunt down robbers/bandits, investigate in a criminal case 2--high [v] 地雷 dìléi land mine 1--very high [n] 危机感 wēijīgǎn crisis awareness sense of crisis 3--medium 开始 kāishǐ begin, start set about, set out on beginning, initial phase1--very high [v,n] 看到 kàndào (get to) see, notice 1--very high [v,vc] 不由自主 bùyóuzìzhǔ be overcome by one's feelings, feel an irresistible urge cannot help but, cannot restrain oneself against one's will, in spite of oneself involuntarily, uncontrollably, spontaneously 3--medium [cy] 打寒颤 dǎhánchàn {written} tremble or shudder with cold or fear (also dǎhánzhàn 打寒 戰 / 打寒战,or dǎhánjìn 打寒噤 ) 0--very low 慢慢 mànmàn slowly bit by bit, gradually 1- -very high [adv] 见得 jiànde look, seem, appear (only used with the negative or an interrogative, e.g., bù jiànde 不見 得 / 不见得,zěnme jiànde 怎麼見得 / 怎么见得, héyǐ jiàndé 何以見得 / 何以见得 ) (sometimes pronounced "jiàndé") 2--high [v] 也 yě also, too, as well (followed by a negative) (not) even nevertheless, still 1--very high [adv] 没有 méiyǒu not exist, not have there is not not as... as less than did not, has not (same meaning as méi 沒 / 没 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 感觉 gǎnjué feel, sense feeling, sense, sensation feel, perceive, think 1--very high [v,n] 只要 zhǐyào so long as, provided that... (often used with jiù 就 or biàn 便 ) only want, only need you need only to very high [phr] 避开 bìkāi avoid, evade, keep clear of take precautions against 2--high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 事 shì affair, matter, thing incident, event accident, trouble, untoward event business

145 135 work, function job, occupation concerned with, involved in, responsible for serve, attend to do, carry out, be engaged in 1--very high [n,v,adv] 不顾 bùgù disregard, ignore, be heedless of, have no consideration for not care about, not take care of (sb) 1--very high [adv,v] 公共 gōnggòng public, common, communal 1--very high [adj,n] 做法 zuòfǎ way, method, procedure of doing or making sth, practice, means 1--very high [n] 反映 fǎnyìng reflect, mirror, manifest, show reaction, reflex report (like to higher authorities) 1- -very high [v] 出 chū go out, exit, come out, come from give out, issue, offer occur, happen, arise, emerge, show, appear produce, turn out, yield publish vent (like one's anger) expend, pay (out), spend {measure word} (used for theatrical or acrobatic performances, plays, readings, etc.) {regional} (suffix indicating direction of movement) (as verb ending) out 1--very high [v,mw,co] 某些 mǒuxiē certain..., a few..., some very high [pron] 者 zhě (following a verb) person who..., those who..., the thing (or things) which...; (following an adjective) person who is..., those who are... (following a noun phrase) -er, -ist (as in "Communist") {formal} (following a number, referring to items mentioned in the previous context) {formal} (following a word, phrase, or clause to mark a pause, as when giving a definition of a term) Zhe (surname) 1--very high [suf,sn] 极差 jíchā {math} range (the difference between the maximum and minimum value of a variable) 0--very low [n] 意识 yìshi consciousness, mentality, awareness, ideas (as a verb, usually followed by dào 到 ) be conscious of, be aware of, realize 1--very high [n,v] 法律 fǎlǜ law 1--very high [n] 规范 guīfàn norm, standard standardized, conforming to the standards standardize, regulate 1- -very high [n] 不完善 bùwánshàn imperfect 4- -low [adj] 记得 jìde remember, recall, keep in memory 1--very high [v] 部 bù department, ministry (or similar organizational or administrative unit) part, section headquarters (esp. military) unit, force, troops category, class (under one's) command {measure word} (used for films, books, vehicles, machines, laws, regulations, rules) Bu (surname) 1- -very high [n,mw,sn] 美国 Měiguó America, the US American 1- -very high [n] 幽默 yōumò humour quiet, silent 1--very high [n,adj] 片 piàn (flat and thin) piece (of sth), slice, flake movie, film sub-area/sub-section of a larger place cut into slices, slice (mostly meat) fragment; fragmentary, partial, brief, incomplete {measure word}... slice(s) of...,... stretch(es) of...,... feeling(s) of...(used for a flat piece of sth, like a tablet of medicine, a slice of bread; a section of land, water; for scenery, prevailing mood, sound, language, feeling, etc.) 1--very high [n,v,adj,mw] 只 zhī single, one only, isolated {measure word} (used for one of a pair; for certain animals, like chickens, birds, quadrupeds, mice, ants, insects, spiders, frogs; for certain implements or containers, like wrist watches, vases, bowls, suitcases, baskets, boxes, and for boats) Zhi (surname) 3--medium [adv,mw,sn] 百万 bǎiwàn million 1--very high [num] 富翁 fùwēng wealthy man 1--very high [n] 大街 dàjiē main street 1--very high [n] 上方 shàngfāng the place above the heavens north and east abode of a Buddhist monk high terrain Shangfang (a compound surname) 1- -very high [n] 便 biàn then, thus, in that case (consecutive particle, used similar to jiù 就, but more formal) (forming a hypothetic concession) even if convenient, handy, easy to... when the opportunity arises, when it is convenient ordinary, plain, informal urinate, defecate, relieve oneself; urine, excrement 1--very high [conj,adj,adv,v,n] 警察 jǐngchá police (officer) 1--very high [n] 正要 zhèngyào be just about to, be just on the point of the essentials 3--medium 开 kāi open, open up, reclaim turn on (a light, the TV, a switch, etc.), be on operate, run (a machine, etc.) boil (water), boiled (water) lift (a restriction, ban, etc.) (of troops) move (in...) start, begin, set up (like a restaurant, shop, etc.) hold (a meeting, party, etc.) write, make out (like a prescription, receipt) pay (wages, a salary, etc.) (of a waterway) thaw, become navigable {regional} kick out, sack, fire (as a verb suffix)... far and wide; start (doing sth) rough percentage, approximate proportion {printing} folio (unit of paper size) Kai (surname) 1--very high [v,co,sn] 罚单 fádān ticket for a violation (e.g., a traffic ticket) 1--very high [n] 那个 nàge that that one {colloquial} so (when preceding an adjective or verb) {colloquial} you-know-what-i-mean (used to substitute for a word expressing criticism, either as a euphemism or for humorous effect; may be used as an adjective, verb, etc.) (colloquial pronunciation nèige) 1--very high [pron] 竟 jìng complete, finish, end throughout, from beginning to end finally, in the end unexpectedly, surprisingly, incredibly go so far as to have the nerve to 1--very high [v,adv] 用 yòng use, employ, apply {formal} eat,

146 136 drink Yong (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 张 zhāng open, spread, stretch; extend a bow magnify, exaggerate look, glance {measure word}... sheet(s) of... (used for flat things like a sheet of paper, a table, etc.) {M} (for mouth, face) Zhang (surname) 1--very high [v,mw,sn] 百 bǎi hundred, 100; hundredfold numerous, all kinds of, all sorts of Bai (surname) 1- -very high [num,adj,sn] 元 yuán first, original chief, leading fundamental, primary yuan (unit of Chinese currency) Yuan Dynasty ( ) Yuan (surname) 1--very high [n,adj,sn] 钞票 chāopiào bank note, (dollar, etc.) bill 1--very high [n] 卷起 juǎnqǐ coil up3--medium [v] 丢 diū lose, misplace have (sth) stolen throw away discard put aside, not use {colloquial} (of a person, child, etc. that went missing) have disappeared, gotten lost 1--very high [v] 垃圾 lājī trash, garbage, refuse (the Taiwan pronunciation of lājī 垃圾 is "lèsè") 1--very high [n] 筒 tǒng a thick length of bamboo sth resembling a thick tube (like a smokestack) part of clothing that is tube-shaped (like the sleeves of garments) {measure word}... tube(s) of...,... tin(s) of... (used for things in cylindrical containers) 2- -high [n,mw] 增加 zēngjiā increase, augment, raise, add 1- -very high [v,n] 各 gè each, every, all respectively, variously the various..., the different very high [adj,adv] 疾病 jíbìng illness, disease acute illness, serious illness 1--very high [n] 传播 chuánbō spread, disseminate, propagate broadcast 1--very high [v] 为了 wèile for, in order to, for the sake of 1- -very high [prep,adv] 降低 jiàngdī reduce, lower, curtail 1--very high [v] 成本 chéngběn cost (of producing a product or providing a service, in contrast to profit or economic benefit) 1--very high [n] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 交易 jiāoyì deal, transaction business deal, trade 1--very high [n] 市场 shìchǎng market, marketplace {economics} market 1--very high [n] 经过 jīngguò pass by/through (a place, experience, etc.) via, by way of experience, undergo, go through through, as a result of, after process, course, (the story of) what happened 1--very high [v] 疫苗 yìmiáo vaccine 2--high [n] 注射 zhùshè {med} inject injection 1--very high [v] 卖 mài sell (opposite of mǎi 買 / 买 "buy, purchase"); sell out, betray outgoing, not holding back show off {measure word} (used for an order in a restaurant) 1--very high [v,mw] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1- -very high [n,sn] 通常 tōngcháng as a rule, ordinarily, normally, usually usual, general, common, normal 1- -very high [adj,adv] 以 yǐ in order to... take, use with, by means of, in, by (a certain means or fashion), at (a certain speed or rate) (used before the object of verbs with the sense of giving) because, because of...(a certain reason, excuse), on account of, given based on, considering, relative to, from the point of view of (a measure, standard) Yi (surname) [Yǐ] Israel (used as short form for Yǐsèliè 以色列, e.g., Yǐ Jūn 以軍 / 以军 "the Israeli Army") 1- -very high [v,conj,sn] 太 tài too, excessively so, extremely (used in an exclamatory clause) greatest, highest Tai (surname) 1--very high [adv,adj,sn] 小 xiǎo small, little my dear...(when used as [endearment] prefix, it can partially or totally lose its original meaning of "small") 1--very high [adj] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 能 néng can be possible capable energy (such as in yuánzǐnéng 原子能 "atomic energy") 1--very high [auxv,n] 打 dǎ strike, hit, beat break, smash, wreck batter, attack, fight come into contact with, deal with (as in dǎ jiāodao 打交道 "have dealings with") build, construct forge (like a knife) pack (like luggage) apply (like paint) make (like a phone call) remove (as in the medical term dǎchóng 打蟲 / 打虫 "deworm") knit, weave take/board (a train, plane) take/get/hire (a taxi) ladle, fetch (like porridge, water) hunt/catch (as in dǎyú 打魚 / 打鱼 "catch fish") shoot (with a firearm) collect, gather (like firewood) draft (a document, estimate, etc.) do (like odd jobs) label as, charge with fight (a war, battle) play (a game, sport) buy be about, concern {colloquial} (used like cóng 從 / 从 ) from; (used like cóng 從 / 从... qǐ 起 ) beginning at very high [vt,v] 等 děng wait (for), await until, by the time when..., by the time that... {measure word} (used for grade, rank, class, degree) a (certain) kind, type, sort equal (to), similar {grammar} (plural suffix) and so on/forth/etc. {grammar} (used to indicate the end of an enumeration of items in a series) 1--very high [v,suf,mw] 托词 tuōcí make an excuse, find a pretext excuse, pretext, subterfuge 3--medium [n,v] 欺骗 qīpiàn deceive, cheat 1--very high [v]

147 137 消费者 xiāofèizhě consumer 1- -very high [n] 如果 rúguǒ if, in case 1--very high [adv] 被 bèi (as passive prefix) be... by (followed by a verb: indicates passive voice, used directly before the verb without mentioning the doer of the action) {new usage} (used before a verb or noun in a sarcastic or jocular way to indicate that the word is at odds with the facts, or that sb was forced to do sth) quilt {written} cover (with) suffer, meet, encounter 1--very high [pref,n,v] 狗咬 gǒuyǎo dog's bark dog's bite 3--medium 有感 yǒugǎn have thoughts on sth (usu. used in the title of a literary sketch) 2--high [vo] 染 rǎn dye, colour catch, contract (like a disease), soil, contaminate, pick up (like bad habits) soya bean milk, fermented soya beans Ran (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 狂犬病 kuángquǎnbìng rabies hydrophobia 2--high [n] 可能 kěnéng possible, probable, likely may, maybe, probably possibly probability, possibility, likelihood 1--very high [adj,adv,n] 宠物 chǒngwù pet 1--very high [n] 医院 yīyuàn hospital, clinic 1--very high [n] 高价 gāojià high price (literally or figuratively) 2--high [n,adj] 乱 luàn chaotic, in disorder, messy, jumbled (of society) turbulent chaos upheaval, (social) disorder (like war, rebellion, anarchy, mutiny) confuse, throw into disarray (of one's mind) in turmoil, troubled, perturbed, confused indiscriminately, at random, arbitrarily, in an unwarranted manner (of sexual relationships) promiscuous, illicit, improper 1--very high [adj,adv,v,n] 收费 shōufèi collect fees 1--very high [vo] 导致 dǎozhì cause, lead to, bring about 1- -very high [v] 病 bìng ill, sick disease 1--very high [adj,n] 得不到 débùdào cannot get, cannot obtain cannot be...-ed (before certain verbs) 2--high [adj,v] 及时 jíshí timely, at the right time, opportune in a timely manner, just in time, in the nick of time prompt, immediate, real-time (e.g., news reports) promptly, at once, without delay {IT} just-in-time (JIT) 1--very high [adj,adv] 救治 jiùzhì treat and cure 2--high [v] 遭 zāo encounter, meet with, come across (mostly sth unfortunate) all around {measure word} (used for the time/occasion of an action, round trips, or time around) 1--very high [v,mw] 抛弃 pāoqì abandon, forsake, discard 2- -high [v] 重要 zhòngyào important, significant 1- -very high [adj] 原因 yuányīn cause, reason 1--very high [n] 现在 xiànzài now nowadays, today, at the present time 1--very high [n] 大 dà big, large, great greatly, to a large extent, in a major way major, important, main general strong, heavy loud, high (like volume of sound, or sb's voice) (of persons) old (i.e. of a certain age) the oldest (among two or more) adult, elder (as emphatic prefix) even on...(followed by a time expression, as in dà Xīngqīrì 大星期日 "even on Sundays") (as honorific prefix) your... (used for transcription of the syllable -da- in foreign names) Da (surname) 1--very high [adj,co,sn] 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 处理 chǔlǐ process, handle, deal with treat by special process, subject to a chemical (etc.) procedure sell at lowered prices (like groceries for quick consumption) 1--very high [v] 尸体 shītǐ corpse, dead body 1--very high [n] 具体 jùtǐ concrete, detailed, specific particular, specific, given apply theory or principle to a certain person or thing 1--very high [adj,v] 方法 fāngfǎ method, way, means, approach 1- -very high [n] 把 bǎ {grammar} take... (and do sth with it) (auxiliary verb used to introduce the direct object of a sentence in front of the main verb) hold, grasp, grip hold (a baby out to relieve itself) grab, control, monopolize {sports, colloquial} guard, watch (like a goal) {colloquial} be close to hold sth together {regional} give, offer handlebar (like of a bicycle) bunch, bundle, handful {measure word} (used for tools and other things with a handle, like key, scissors, umbrella, sword, etc., or for things that can be grasped [chair], or for certain abstract things [years, strength, effort], a movement of the hands [like a push, a helping hand]) "approximately" (when following numerals/measure words, like bǎi bǎ nián 百把年 "approx. 100 years") refers to sworn brotherhood (as in bàibǎzi 拜把子 "become sworn brothers") 1- -very high [v,n,mw] 死亡 sǐwáng die, perish, get killed death 1- -very high [v] 包 bāo wrap bundle, package bag (general term, e.g., could be used for suitcases), sack {measure word}... pack(s) of...,... bundle(s) of...(used for objects in packages, packets, wrapped bundles, etc.) protuberance, swelling, lump surround, encircle include, contain undertake re-

148 138 sponsibility for the whole thing assure, guarantee hire, charter Bao (surname) 1--very high [v,n,mw,sn] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1- -very high [mw] 塑料袋 sùliàodài plastic bag 3- -medium 垃圾箱 lājīxiāng trash or garbage can, dustbin 3--medium 或 huò or perhaps, probably, maybe (in the pattern 或 或 ) either...or... {written} someone, somebody, some person, some people {written} (usually with negation) (not even) a little bit, slightly 1--very high [conj,adv,pron] 仍 réng still, yet {written} remain {written} frequent 1--very high [adv] 河 hé river {astronomy} the Milky Way (short for Huáng Hé 黃河 / 黄河 ) Yellow River, the Huang He {Chinese chess} the River (divides the two sides, between the fifth and sixth rank) He (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 夏天 xiàtiān summer 1--very high [n] 将 jiāng will, will be be about to... take (auxiliary verb before direct object of sentence, similar to bǎ 把 ) {regional/archaic} (used between a verb and its directional complement, e.g., tiào jiāng chūlái 跳將出來 / 跳将出来, "jump out") Jiang (surname) 1--very high [auxv,sn] 至 zhì to, reaching to; up to, until; as of (go) to the extent of, (go) so far as extreme(ly), utmost, very come, arrive (similar to dào 到 ) 1- -very high [prep,adv,v] 想想 xiǎngxiang think (about, how, etc.) 2- -high [v] 这些 zhèxiē these (things/people, etc.) 1- -very high [pron] 随意 suíyì as one pleases, at one's own discretion casual randomly (used esp. in Taiwan for:) drink only as much as (wine, etc.) as you wish 1--very high [adj,v] 丢弃 diūqì discard, abandon 2--high [v] 给 gěi give, hand (to), present, grant (after a verb indicating transfer) to, toward; for, for the benefit of let, allow (also used as an emphatic particle, mainly in passive-voice sentences) 1--very high [v,adv,prep] 身体 shēntǐ the body one's health 1--very high [n] 健康 jiànkāng health be healthy/sound/vigorous 1--very high [n,adj] 周围 zhōuwéi around, round vicinity, surroundings 1--very high [adj,adv,n] 造成 zàochéng create, cause, give rise to, bring about, result in 1--very high [v] 危害 wēihài danger, harm; endanger, harm 1- -very high [v] 污染 wūrǎn pollute, contaminate pollution, contamination (literally or figuratively) 1--very high [v,n] 与 yǔ with, and, together with give, offer associate with, have contacts with support, assist, commend, praise {written} wait for, await 1--very high [conj,v] 之间 zhījiān between, in the midst of 1--very high [adv] 矛盾 máodùn {philosophy} contradiction conflict, clash, inconsistency, problem be contradictory, conflicting, opposing, paradoxical; (of sb's feelings) mixed, ambivalent spear and shield 2- -high [n] 与国 yǔguó friendly state, ally 3--medium 外 wài outside, foreign except for, other than (often preceded by a phrase with chú 除 ) unofficial (like history) 1--very high [adj,suf] 不同 bùtóng differ, be distinct, be in contrast different, distinct, divergent various difference, disparity 1--very high [v,adj,n] 中国 Zhōngguó China 3--medium [n] 自古 zìgǔ since old times, always 2--high [adv] 总是 zǒngshì always1--very high [adv] 东西 dōngxi thing creature (used to express dislike of a person or thing) 1--very high [n] 联系 liánxì contact, get/be in touch (with) (contact the relevant person/people to) arrange (for) connect, associate, relate, link, integrate with link, relation, connection, association, ties 1- -very high [v,n] 一起 yīqǐ together in company, in unison from the outset all told, in all in the same place 1--very high [adv] 比如 bǐrú for example, for instance Biru (county, Xīzàng Zìzhìqū 西藏自治區 / 西藏自治区 "Tibet Autonomous Region" autonomous region) 1- -very high [conj] 狗仗人势 gǒuzhàngrénshì {derogatory} (like a dog relying on the influence of its master) rely on the power of one's master or benefactor in order to bully others 4--low [cy] 狗眼看 kàn look, see, read think, view (the situation) visit, call on (friends, etc.) 1--very high [v] 低 dī low (i.e. a small distance from the ground, in contrast to gāo 高 "high") below (the) average (of rank, grade, position, profile) low (let) droop, hang down, lower (like one's head) 1- -very high [adj,v] 随着 suízhe along with, in the wake of, as... (sth happens a change comes about) (usually follo-

149 139 wed by a clause expressing a change which has come about under the influence of the event in the clause with 隨著 / 随着 )1--very high [adv] 数量 shùliàng quantity amount volume 1- -very high [n] 不断 bùduàn continuous(ly), steady/steadily, constant(ly) uninterrupted, unbroken, unceasing 1- -very high [adj,adv] 上升 shàngshēng rise, go up be on the rise, increase (in degree, amount, etc.) 1--very high [v] 官司 guānsi lawsuit 2--high [n] 绝 jué cut off, sever, break off (relations, etc.) depleted, exhausted, used up no way out, hopeless unique, peerless extremely absolutely (when preceding a negative) 1--very high [v,adj,adv] 于 yú in, at on (time or place) towards, to, for than (comparative) by (passive voice) 2- -high [prep] 耳 ěr ear {pottery, bronze} loop-handles (on both sides of a vessel, tripod, etc.) ear-like on both sides, flanking {written} only, just Er (surname) 1--very high [n,adv,sn] 今天 jīntiān today the present, now1--very high [n] 家 jiā family, household; home, residence (as suffix) expert/specialist in a certain field (like zuòjiā 作家 "writer") {philosophy} school (of thought) (like rújiā 儒家 "the Confucian school") party, side {humble} my... {regional} (of animals) tamed, broken, domesticated {measure word} (used for families, companies, hotels, stores, etc.) Jia (surname) 1--very high [n,mw,sn] 半夜 bànyè midnight in the middle of the night 1--very high [n] 狗叫 gǒujiào the barking of dogs 1--very high 吵了街坊四邻 jiēfangsìlín neighbours neighbourhood 4--low [cy] 明天 míngtiān tomorrow {figurative} the future, someday {classical} moon-lit sky 1- -very high [n] 遛 liù walk slowly/leisurely, stroll, saunter, take a walk walk (a horse, dog, etc.) 3- -medium [v] 拴 shuān tie, fasten (with a rope, etc.) button up, do up bolt, latch 3--medium [v] 绳 shéng rope, string, cord {written} correct, restrain, restrict, take sanctions against {written} continue carpenter's inked plumb line criterion, gauge, law, rule 2--high [n,v] 吓了路人 lùrén stranger, passer-by 2--high [n] 常 cháng common, normal, ordinary constant frequently, often, usually, always {written} morality, code of conduct, rule of behaviour, principle Chang (surname) 1--very high [adv,n,sn] 听见 tīngjiàn hear 1--very high [v] 哪 nǎ (as interrogative particle, mostly followed by a number or measure word) which (one)? what? any (as a rhetorical question particle) how can...! how could...! 1--very high [qu] 伤了主人 zhǔrén master owner host 1--very high [n] 不仅 bùjǐn not just, not limited to not only (..., but also...) 2--high [adv,conj] 赔偿 péicháng compensate, indemnify (for damages, loss, etc.) compensation, remedy 1- -very high [v,n] 反而 fǎn'ér on the contrary, instead 1--very high [adv] 受伤者 shòushāngzhě person being injured 3--medium 大打出手 dàdǎchūshǒu come to blows, get into a fight, attack brutally 3--medium [cy] 荒唐 huāngtang (of thinking, speech) absurd, preposterous, ridiculous (of actions, lifestyle, etc.) dissolute, dissipated, loose 2--high [adj] 综合 zōnghé synthesize, sum up synthesis comprehensive 1--very high [v,n,adj] 因素 yīnsù factor, element 1--very high [n] 认为 rènwéi think, be of the opinion consider, hold, deem 1--very high [v] 真 zhēn real, true, genuine really, truly sincere Zhen (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 需要 xūyào need, require 1--very high [v,n] 降 jiàng fall, drop, go down (in contrast to shēng 昇 / 升 "rise, ascend, hoist") (of an airplane) land reduce, lower, curtail Jiang (surname) 1- -very high [v,sn] 降温 jiàngwēn lower the temperature fall in temperature {figurative} (of a trend, fad, fashion, etc.) cool down, slow down, decrease, wane lower enthusiasm, dampen interest 2--high [v]

150 Chinese Chaeacter List Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1white 2snowy 3pure 4bright 5empty 6blank 7plain 8clear 9to make clear 10in vain 11gratuitous 12free of charge 13reactionary 14anti-communist 15funeral 16to stare coldly 17to write wrong character 18to state 19to explain vernacular spoken lines in opera surname Bai 140 1dish (type of food) 2vegetables 3vegetable 4cuisine 5CL: 盤 盘 [pán], 道 [dào] 1ten 210 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1to see 2to meet 3to appear (to be sth) 4to interview 5to appear 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 [nín]) 9see 可汗 [kè hán] シ 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 6surname Gao 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant エ 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1moon 2month 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 輪 轮 [lún] 1I 2me 3my 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1it 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1cause 2reason 3because

151 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 141 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish シ 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

152 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 142 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai ゔ ぷ 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

153 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 143 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold ゔ エゴ 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

154 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 144 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance ゔ 1face 2side 3surface 4aspect 5top 6classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc 7flour 8noodles 9flour 10noodles 1towards 2to face 3to turn towards 4direction 5to support 6to side with 7shortly before 8formerly 9always 10all along 11surname Xiang 12surname Xiang 13variant of 向, direction 14orientation 15to face 16to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to side with to be partial to all along (previously) surname Xiang variant of, direction orientation to face to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to 1public 2collectively owned 3common 4international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) 5make public 6fair 7just 8Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 9honorable (gentlemen) 10father-in-law male (animal) 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person 2employee 3member 1that 2those 3then (in that case) 4commonly pr. [nèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing 5variant of 哪 [nǎ] 1to think 2to believe 3to suppose 4to wish 5to want 6to miss (feel wistful about the absence of sb or sth) 1to carry (hanging down from the hand) 2to lift 3to put forward 4to mention 5to raise (an issue) 6upwards character stroke 7lifting brush stroke (in painting) 8scoop for measuring liquid 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 1from 2self 3oneself 4since 6surname Gao 1self 2oneself 3sixth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干 4sixth in order 5letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc 6hexa 1to make into 2to change into 3-ization 4to... -ize 5to transform 6abbr. for 化學 化学 [huà xué] 7variant of 花 1water 2river 3liquid 4beverage 5additional charges or income 6(of clothes) classifier for number of washes 7surname Shui 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 9surname Ping 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until ゴ 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary を 1strip 2item 3article 4clause (of law or treaty) 5classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables を 1road 2CL: 條 条 [tiáo] 3journey 4route 5line (bus etc) 6sort 7kind 1how 8surname Lu 1flower 2blossom 3CL: 朵 [duǒ], 支 [zhī], 束 [shù], 把 [bǎ], 盆 [pén], 簇 [cù] 4fancy pattern 5florid 6to spend (money, time) 1to buy 2to purchase 7surname Hua 1beautiful 2very satisfactory 3good 4to be pleased with oneself 5the Americas 6abbr. for 美洲 [Měi zhōu] 7USA 8abbr. for 美國 美国 [Měi guó]

155 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1value 2(to be) worth 3to happen to 4to be on duty Definition and Stroke 145 ゴ 1to obtain 2to get 3to gain 4to catch (a disease) 5proper 6suitable 7proud 8contented 9to allow 10to permit 11ready 12finished indicating effect, degree, possibility etc to have to must ought to to need to 1electric 2electricity 3electrical 1to look at 2to regard 3to inspect 13structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase 1festival 2holiday 3node 4joint 5section 6segment 7part 8to economize 9to save 10to abridge 11moral integrity 12classifier for segments, e.g. lessons, train wagons, biblical verses 13CL: 個 个 [gè] 1eye 2item 3section 4list 5catalogue 6table of contents 7order (taxonomy) 8goal 9name 10title 1to not be 2not 3wrong 4incorrect 5non- 6un- 7in- 8to reproach or blame 9(colloquial) to insist on 10simply must 11abbr. for 非洲 [Fēi zhōu], Africa 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1fire 2urgent 3ammunition 4fiery or flaming 5internal heat (Chinese medicine) 6hot (popular) 7classifier for military units (old) 1to speak 2to explain 3to negotiate 4to emphasise 5to be particular about 6as far as sth is concerned 7speech 8lecture 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 8surname Huo 1dialect 2language 3spoken words 4speech 5talk 6words 7conversation 8what sb said 9CL: 種 种 [zhǒng], 席 [xí], 句 [jù], 口 [kǒu], 番 [fān] 1book 2letter 3document 4CL: 本 [běn], 冊 册 [cè], 部 [bù] 5to write 6abbr. for 書經 书经 [shū jīng] 1to shout 2to call 3to order 4to ask 5to be called 6by (indicates agent in the passive mood) を 1easy 2amiable 3to change 4to exchange 1day 2sky 3heaven 5surname Yi ゔ 1to be 2to act as 3manage 4withstand 5when 6during 7ought 8should 9match equally 10equal 11same 12obstruct 13just at (a time or place) 14on the spot 15right 16just at fitting proper to replace to regard as to think to pawn (coll.) to fail (a student) onomat. dong ding dong bell 1exhausted 2poor 1today 2modern 3present 4current 5this 6now 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 17at or in the very same... 18suitable 19adequate 1to hold 2to contain 3to grasp 4to take hold of 5handle 6particle marking the following noun as a direct object 7classifier for objects with handle 8classifier for small objects: handful 1to ask 1to change 2to exchange 9handle 1to listen 2to hear 3to obey 4a can (loanword from English "tin") 5classifier for canned beverages 6(literary pronunciation, still advocated in Taiwan) to rule 7to sentence 8to allow 1next in sequence 2second 3the second (day, time etc) 4secondary 5vice- 6sub- 7infra- 8inferior quality 9substandard 10order 11sequence 12hypo- (chemistry) 13classifier for enumerated events: time 1Han ethnic group 2Chinese (language) 3the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) 4man 1dialect 2language 3speech 4to tell to 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng]

156 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1cooked (of food) 2ripe (of fruit) 3mature (of seeds) 4familiar 5skilled 6done 7see 熟 [shú] 146 1to rise 2to raise 3to get up 4to set out 5to start 6to appear 7to launch 8to initiate (action) 9to draft 10to establish 11to get (from a depot or counter) 12verb suffix, to start 13(before place or time) starting from 14classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance classifier for groups: batch, group 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1friend 1friend 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1interjection of surprise 2Ah! 3Oh! 4interjection expressing doubt or requiring answer 5Eh? 6what? 7to show realization 8to stress 9interjection of surprise or doubt 10Eh? 11My! 12what's up? 13interjection or grunt of agreement uhm Ah, OK expression of recognition Oh, it's you! modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent 1she 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to flow 2to disseminate 3to circulate or spread 4to move or drift 5to degenerate 6to banish or send into exile 7stream of water or sth resembling one 8class, rate or grade ウ 1to walk 2to go 3to travel 4a visit 5temporary 6makeshift 7current 8in circulation 9to do 10to perform 11capable 12competent 13effective 14all right 15OK! 16will do professional relating to company behavior conduct 17a row 18series 19age order (of brothers) 20profession 1to experience 2to undergo 3to pass through 4all 5each 6every 7history 8calendar 1history 2annals 3title of an official historian in ancient China 1drama 2play 3show 4severe 4surname Shi 1to ascertain 2to act on 3to criticize 4to pass on 5classifier for batches, lots, military flights 6tier (for the ranking of universities and colleges) 1to discuss 2to comment 3to criticize 4to judge 5to choose (by public appraisal) 1to weave 2to plait 3to organize 4to group 5to arrange 6to edit 7to compile 8to write 9to compose 10to fabricate 1position 2location 3place 4seat 5classifier for people (honorific) 6classifier for binary bits (e.g. 十六位 16-bit or 2 bytes) 1woolen material 2particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about...?", "And...?") 3particle for inquiring about location ("Where is...?") 4particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action particle indicating strong affirmation 1to fall 2to collapse 3to topple 4to fail 5to go bankrupt 6to change (trains or buses) 7to move around 8to sell 9to speculate (buying and selling, also 搗 捣 ) 10profiteer to move backwards however actually as a matter of fact contrary to expectation 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 11to place upside down 12to invert 13to pour 14to throw out 1light 2easy 3gentle 4soft 5reckless 6unimportant 7frivolous 8small in number 9unstressed 10neutral 11to disparage 1to feel 2to find that 3thinking 4awake 5aware 6a nap 7a sleep 8CL: 場 场 [cháng] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1ministry 2department 3section 4part 5division 6troops 7board 8classifier for works of literature, films, machines etc 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source

157 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1to be able to 2to be capable of 3ability 4capability 5able 6capable 7can possibly 8(usually used in the negative) to have the possibility of 9surname Neng 147 1complicated 2many 3in great numbers 4abbr. for 繁體 繁体 [fán tǐ], traditional form of Chinese characters 1body 2form 3style 4system 1letter 2symbol 3character 4word 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6courtesy or style name traditionally given to males aged 20 in dynastic China 1simple 2uncomplicated 3letter 4to choose 5to select 6bamboo strips used for writing (old) 1two 2both 3some 4a few 5tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1 16 of a catty 斤 [jīn] (old) 1thousand 2a swing 3a swing 1to yield 2to permit 3to let sb do sth 4to have sb do sth 1to change or replace 2to experience 3one of the five two hour periods into which the night was formerly divided 4watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard) 5more 6even more 7further 8still 9still more 1to hold 2to contain 3to allow 4to tolerate 5appearance 6look 7countenance 8surname Rong ゔ 1to piece together 2to join together 3to stake all 4adventurous 5at the risk of one's life 6to spell 1sound 2noise 3note (of musical scale) 4tone 5news 6syllable 7reading (phonetic value of a character) 1as 2as if 3such as 1I 2me 3my 1to link 2to join 3to connect 4continuously 5in succession 6including 7(used with 也, 都 etc) even 8company (military) 1capital city 2metropolis 3surname Du 4all 5both 6entirely 7(used for emphasis) even 8already 9(not) at all 1to recognize 2to know 3to admit 9surname Lian 1to know 2knowledge 3Taiwan pr. [shì] 4to record 5to write a footnote ズ 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1five 25 1to disappear 2to vanish 3to eliminate 4to spend (time) 5have to 6need 1to lose 2to miss 3to fail 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to bite 2to nip 1to dye 2to catch (a disease) 3to acquire (bad habits etc) 4to contaminate 5to add colour washes to a painting 1mad 2wild 3violent 1dog 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 9see 可汗 [kè hán]

158 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1medical 2medicine 3doctor 4to cure 5to treat Definition and Stroke 148 1courtyard 2institution 3CL: 個 个 [gè] 1price 2value 3valence (on an atom) 4great 5good 6middleman 7servant 8price 9value 10valence (on an atom) 11great 12good 13middleman 14servant 1in confusion or disorder 2in a confused state of mind 3disorder 4upheaval 5riot 6illicit sexual relations 7to throw into disorder 8to mix up 9indiscriminate 10random 11arbitrary 1to receive 2to accept 3to collect 4to restrain 5to stop 6in care of (used on address line after name) 1to transmit 2to lead 3to guide 4to conduct 5to direct 1to send 2to devote 3to deliver 4to cause 5to convey 6fine 7delicate 8fine 9delicate 1and 2to reach 3up to 4in time for 1to save 2to assist 3to rescue 1to rule 2to govern 3to manage 4to control 5to harness (a river) 6cure 7treatment 8to heal 1to throw 2to toss 3to fling 4to cast 5to abandon 1to abandon 2to relinquish 3to discard 4to throw away 1heavy 2serious 3to attach importance to 4to repeat 5repetition 6again 7re- 8classifier: layer 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person representing the dead (during burial ceremonies) 2to put a corpse on display (after execution) 3variant of 屍 4corpse 5corpse 6corpse 1tool 2device 3utensil 4equipment 5instrument 6talent 7ability 8to possess 9to have 10to provide 11to furnish 12to state 13classifier for devices, coffins, dead bodies 1to hold 2to contain 3to grasp 4to take hold of 5handle 6particle marking the following noun as a direct object 7classifier for objects with handle 8classifier for small objects: handful 1to die 2impassable 3uncrossable 4inflexible 5rigid 6extremely 1to die 2to lose 3to be gone 4to flee 5deceased 9handle 1to cover 2to wrap 3to hold 4to include 5to take charge of 6to contract (to or for) 7package 8wrapper 9container 10bag 11to hold or embrace 12bundle 13packet 14CL: 個 个 [gè], 隻 只 [zhī] 1to model (a figure) in clay 1material 2stuff 3grain 4feed 5to expect 6to anticipate 7to guess 1a pouch 2bag 3sack 4pocket 1box 2trunk 3chest 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 1still 2yet 3to remain 15surname Bao

159 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1river 2CL: 條 条 [tiáo], 道 [dào] Definition and Stroke 149 1summer 2the Xia or Hsia dynasty c BC 3Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms ( ) 4surname Xia 1day 2sky 3heaven 1general 2commander-in-chief (military) 3king (chess piece) 4to command 5to lead 6will 7shall 8to use 9to take 10to checkmate 11just a short while ago 12to desire 13to invite 14to request 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until 1to follow 2to comply with 3varying according to... 4to allow 5surname Sui ぷ 1to 2for 3for the benefit of 4to give 5to allow 6to do sth (for sb) 7(passive particle) 8to supply 9to provide 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1healthy 2to invigorate 3to strengthen 4to be good at 5to be strong in 1healthy 2peaceful 3abundant 4surname Kang 1to make a circuit 2to circle 3circle 4circumference 5lap 6cycle 7complete 8all 9all over 10thorough 11to help financially 12surname Zhou 13Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 1to encircle 2to surround 3all around 4to wear by wrapping around (scarf, shawl) 1to make 2to build 3to invent 4to manufacture 1to do harm to 2to cause trouble to 3harm 4evil 5calamity 1dirty 2filthy 3foul 4corrupt 5to smear 6to defile 7dirt 8filth 5surname Wei 1and 2to give 3together with 4take part in 5(same as 歟 欤, final particle expression doubt or surprise, similar to 吗 or 呢 ) エ 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1spear 2lance 3pike 1shield 1outside 2in addition 3foreign 4external 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1like 2same 3similar 4together 5alike 6with 7see 衚衕 胡同 [hú tòng] 8see 衚衕 胡同 [hú tòng] 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1ancient 2old 3paleo- 4surname Gu 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish 1to ally 2to unite 3to join 1system 2department 3faculty 4to connect 5to relate to 6to tie up 7to bind 8to be (literary) 9to connect 10to arrest 11to worry 12to tie 13to fasten 14to button up 15to connect 16to relate to 17to tie up 18to bind 19to be (literary) to connect to arrest to worry to tie to fasten to button up 1(particle used for comparison and "-er than") 2to compare 3to contrast 4to gesture (with hands) 5ratio 6Belgium 7Belgian 8abbr. for 比利時 比利时 [Bǐ lì shí] 9to associate with 10to be near 1weaponry 2to hold (a weapon) 3to wield 4to rely on 5to depend on 6war 7battle

160 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 Definition and Stroke 1power 2influence 3potential 4momentum 5tendency 6trend 7situation 8conditions 9outward appearance 10sign 11gesture 12male genitals 150 1eye 2small hole 3crux (of a matter) 4CL: 隻 只 [zhī], 雙 双 [shuāng] 5classifier for big hollow things (wells, stoves, pots etc) 1aspect particle indicating action in progress 2to wear (clothes) 3to contact 4to use 5to apply 6to touch 7to come in contact with 8to feel 9to be affected by 10to catch fire 11to fall asleep 12to burn 13to make known 14to show to prove to write book outstanding (chess) move trick all right! (dialect) to add 1number 2figure 3several 4CL: 個 个 [gè] 5to count 6to enumerate 7to criticize (i.e. enumerate shortcomings) 8frequently 9repeatedly 1capacity 2quantity 3amount 4to estimate 5abbr. for 量詞 量词 [liàng cí], classifier (in Chinese grammar) 6measure word 7to measure 1to break 2to snap 3to cut off 4to give up or abstain from sth 5to judge 6(usu. used in the negative) absolutely 7definitely 8decidedly 1to raise 2to hoist 3to promote 4metric liter (also written 公升 ) 5measure for dry grain equal to one-tenth dou 斗 1official 2government 3organ of body 4CL: 個 个 [gè] 5surname Guan 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si ぷ 1to cut short 2extinct 3to disappear 4to vanish 5absolutely 6by no means 7variant of 絕 绝 [jué] 1to go 2to take 3sentence-final interrogative particle 4variant of 於 于 [yú] 5surname Yu 6in 7at 8to 9from 10by 11than 12out of 13surname Yu 14(literary) Oh! 15Ah! 16in 17at 18to 19from 20by 21 than 22 out of 23 surname Yu (literary) Oh! Ah! 1ear 2handle (archaeology) 3and that is all (classical Chinese) 1today 2modern 3present 4current 5this 6now 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1night 1to shout 2to call 3to order 4to ask 5to be called 6by (indicates agent in the passive mood) 1to quarrel 2to make a noise 3noisy 4to disturb by making a noise 1lane (usually as part of a street name) 2memorial archway 3workshop 4mill 5surname Fang 1four 24 1neighbor 2adjacent 3close to ぷ 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 1to stroll 2to walk a horse 3to linger 1to tie up 1rope 2CL: 根 [gēn] 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary 1to frighten 2to scare 3to scare 4to intimidate 5to threaten 6(interjection showing disapproval) tut-tut 7(interjection showing astonishment) 1to listen 2to hear 3to obey 4a can (loanword from English "tin") 5classifier for canned beverages 6(literary pronunciation, still advocated in Taiwan) to rule 7to sentence 8to allow 1how 2which 3(particle equivalent to 啊 after noun ending in -n) 4which? (interrogative, followed by classifier or numeral-classifier) 1to injure 2injury 3wound 1barely 2only 3merely

161 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字部首 1to compensate for loss 2to indemnify 3to suffer a financial loss Definition and Stroke 151 1to repay 2to compensate for 3to recompense 4to fulfill (hopes etc) 1to receive 2to accept 3to suffer 4subjected to 5to bear 6to stand 7pleasant 8(passive marker) 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1desolate 2shortage 3scarce 4out of practice 5absurd 6uncultivated 7to neglect 1Tang dynasty ( ) 2surname Tang 3to exaggerate 4empty 5in vain 6old variant of 螗 ぷ 1to sum up 2to put together 3Taiwan pr. [zòng] 4heddle (device to form warp in weaving textiles) 5Taiwan pr. [zòng] ml 12one-tenth of a peck 13measure for dry grain equal to one- 1to close 2to join 3to fit 4to be equal to 5whole 6together 7round (in battle) 8conjunction (astronomy) 91st note of pentatonic scale 10old variant of 盒 [hé] tenth of sheng or liter, or one-hundredth dou ゔ 1raw silk 2white 3plain, unadorned 4vegetarian (food) 5essence 6nature 7element 8constituent 9usually 10always 11ever 1to recognize 2to know 3to admit 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1to require 2to need 3to want 4necessity 5need 1warm 2lukewarm 3temperature 4to warm up 5mild 6soft 7tender 8to review 9to revise 10epidemic 11surname Wen

162 152 Chinese Text 10 Roads 新北京, 新交通为了做好 2008 年的东道主, 这几年来, 北京发生了特别大的变化 可以说, 只要出门, 就一定能看到什么地方和以前不一样了 在我看来, 最大的变化是道路交通 2002 年到现在, 公路多了 1000 公里, 路面更平, 车道更多, 出门开车的人方便多了 2003 年 1 月份开通的十三号线, 可能是北京最长的地铁线路, 大大方便了北面上百万人的工作和生活 2007 年九月份, 又开通了从南到北的地铁五号线, 不但方便了不开车的人, 一些有车的人也不开车了, 因为地下交通比地面交通更方便 路两面的大广告少了, 少得好象回到了八十年代, 要知道, 那时还不流行做广告 广告一少, 很多房子还原了本来面目 ; 那些老房子被重新上色 美化, 好象新的一样 公交公司很多新车上路 公交线路更合理 车站人多时, 车来得也多, 等车不那么难了 上车时, 人们不象以前那样你不让我 我不让你了 公交车站的各种小广告少了, 想看车站名也没那么难了 对了, 还有人行便道, 大部分都有了新地面 还不只这些, 明年 8 月以前, 北京的交通还会有其他新变化 让我们一起等着那一天的到来 Chinese Text and Pinyin xīn běi jīng xīn jiāo tōng 新北京, 新交通 wèi le zuò hǎo nián de dōng dào zhǔ zhè 为了做好 2008 年的东道主, 这 jǐ nián lái běi jīng fā shēng le tè bié dà 几 年 来, 北 京 发 生 了 特 别 大 de biàn huà kě yǐ shuō zhǐ yào chū mén 的 变 化 可 以 说, 只 要 出 门, jiù yī dìng néng kàn dào shén me dì fāng hé yǐ 就 一 定 能 看 到 什 么 地 方 和 以 qián bù yī yàng le zài wǒ kàn lái zuì 前不一样了 在我看来, 最

163 153 dà de biàn huà shì dào lù jiāo tōng 大 的 变 化 是 道 路 交 通 nián dào xiàn zài gōng lù duō le gōng 2002 年 到 现 在, 公 路 多 了 1000 公 lǐ lù miàn gèng píng chē dào gèng duō 里, 路 面 更 平, 车 道 更 多, chū mén kāi chē de rén fāng biàn duō le 出门开车的人方便多了 nián yuè fèn kāi tōng de shí sān hào xiàn 2003 年 1 月 份 开 通 的 十 三 号 线, kě néng shì běi jīng zuì cháng de dì tiě xiàn lù 可能是北京最长的地铁线路, dà dà fāng biàn le běi miàn shàng bǎi wàn rén de 大大方便了北面上百万人的 gōng zuò hé shēng huó 工作和生活 nián jiǔ yuè fèn yòu kāi tōng le cóng nán 2007 年 九 月 份, 又 开 通 了 从 南 dào běi de dì tiě wǔ hào xiàn bú dàn fāng 到北的地铁五号线, 不但方 biàn liǎo bù kāi chē de rén yī xiē yǒu chē 便了不开车的人, 一些有车 de rén yě bù kāi chē le yīn wèi dì xià 的 人 也 不 开 车 了, 因 为 地 下 jiāo tōng bǐ dì miàn jiāo tōng gèng fāng biàn 交通比地面交通更方便 lù liǎng miàn de dà guǎng gào shǎo le shǎo dé 路两面的大广告少了, 少得 hǎo xiàng huí dào le bā shí nián dài yào zhī 好象回到了八十年代, 要知 dào nà shí huán bù liú xíng zuò guǎng gào 道, 那时还不流行做广告 guǎng gào yī shǎo hěn duō fáng zi huán yuán le 广告一少, 很多房子还原了 běn lái miàn mù nà xiē lǎo fáng zi bèi chóng 本来面目 ; 那些老房子被重

164 154 xīn shàng sè měi huà hǎo xiàng xīn de yī 新上色 美化, 好象新的一 yàng 样 gōng jiāo gōng sī hěn duō xīn chē shàng lù gōng 公交公司很多新车上路 公 jiāo xiàn lù gèng hé lǐ chē zhàn rén duō shí 交线路更合理 车站人多时, chē lái dé yě duō děng chē bù nà me nán 车来得也多, 等车不那么难 le shàng chē shí rén men bù xiàng yǐ qián 了 上车时, 人们不象以前 nà yàng nǐ bù ràng wǒ wǒ bù ràng nǐ le 那 样 你 不 让 我 我 不 让 你 了 gōng jiāo chē zhàn de gè zhǒng xiǎo guǎng gào shǎo le 公交车站的各种小广告少了, xiǎng kàn chē zhàn míng yě méi nà me nán le 想看车站名也没那么难了 duì le hái yǒu rén háng biàn dào dà bù 对 了, 还 有 人 行 便 道, 大 部 fēn dōu yǒu le xīn dì miàn 分 都 有 了 新 地 面 huánbù zhǐ zhè xiē míng nián yuè yǐ qián 还不只这些, 明年 8 月以前, běi jīng de jiāo tōng huán huì yǒu qí tā xīn biàn 北 京 的 交 通 还 会 有 其 他 新 变 huà ràng wǒ men yī qǐ děng zhe nà yī tiān 化 让 我 们 一 起 等 着 那 一 天 de dào lái 的 到 来

165 155 Word List 京 jīng (national) capital (jīng) Beijing ten million high hill vast, great Jing (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 新交 xīnjiāo new friend, new acquaintance 3- -medium [n] 通 tōng (go/put/come/poke, etc.) through, open (up) go/lead to communicate, link, connect inform, notify, tell know/understand thoroughly, be an expert/authority make sense, be logical/coherent common, popular, ordinary, general all, entire {written, measure word} (used for letters, documents, notices, telegrams, phone calls, etc.) Tong (surname) 1--very high [v,adj,mw,co,sn] 为了 wèile for, in order to, for the sake of 1- -very high [prep,adv] 做好 zuòhǎo do, do a good job of, finish 1- -very high [v,vc] 年 nián year yearly, annual age period of life (like childhood, middle age) age, period (of history) harvest New Year, lunisolar New Year season (of special items) for the (lunisolar) New Year (like cakes, painting) (of friendship, etc.) between those who passed the Imperial examinations in the same year Nian (surname) 1- -very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房 子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老 的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 东道主 dōngdàozhǔ the host the one who treats sb to a meal 2--high [n] 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 几 jǐ How many? a few, several, some 1--very high [num] 来 lái come, come hither arrive (of seasons, etc.) arise, crop up (of problems, etc.) cause to come, let come, I'll have... (used in ordering in a restaurant) cause to arrive or take place for the past (amount of time) in order to (take some action) (following numbers) approximately (verb suffix) Lai (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 北京 Běijīng Beijing (Peking) 1--very high [name] 发生 fāshēng occur, happen, take place, arise the occurrence (of...) germinate 1--very high [v,n] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 特别 tèbié special, particular especially, particularly specially 1--very high [adj,adv] 大 dà big, large, great greatly, to a large extent, in a major way major, important, main general strong, heavy loud, high (like volume of sound, or sb's voice) (of persons) old (i.e. of a certain age) the oldest (among two or more) adult, elder (as emphatic prefix) even on...(followed by a time expression, as in dà Xīngqīrì 大星期日 "even on Sundays") (as honorific prefix) your... (used for transcription of the syllable -dain foreign names) Da (surname) 1--very high [adj,co,sn] 变化 biànhuà change 1--very high [n] 可以 kěyǐ may, can passable, not bad, pretty good be worth (doing) 1--very high [adj,v] 说 shuō speak, say, talk explain, give an explanation theory, doctrine, views scold, criticize act as go-between or matchmaker, introduce refer to, hint, indicate point to 1--very high [v] 只要 zhǐyào so long as, provided that... (often used with jiù 就 or biàn 便 ) only want, only need you need only to very high [phr] 出门 chūmén go out, leave home (of a woman) marry1--very high [v] 就 jiù then, in that case on the subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as exactly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending) 1--very high [conj,adv,v] 一定 yīdìng fixed, determined, definite, regular, specific certainly, definitely, surely, necessarily must, be bound to certain, particular, given a fair amount of, a good deal of, considerable; proper, due 1--very high [adj,adv] 能 néng can be possible capable energy (such as in yuánzǐnéng 原子能 "atomic energy") 1--very high [auxv,n] 看到 kàndào (get to) see, notice 1--very

166 156 high [v,vc] 什么 shénme what?; what kind of...? something, anything (used to express anger, surprise, censure or negation) (used to express disapproval or disagreement) (after a verb) for what, why (used to indicate an incomplete list) things like...; and so on, and what not in traditional characters, also written 什麼, 什麽, or 甚麽 1--very high [qu,pref] 地方 dìfang place, location space, room part, area, aspect 1--very high [n] 和 hé and; with together with kind, gentle, mild; (be) on good terms with, harmonious; harmony, peace {sports} (of the result of a competition) a draw, a tie Japan, Japanese He (surname) 1--very high [conj,adj,n,sn] 以前 yǐqián before, previously, formerly 1- -very high [n] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 一样 yīyàng identical, alike, the same [yī yàng] a type/kind/sort of very high [adj,adv] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 我 wǒ I, me; my {written} we; our {written} our country (usu. referring to China); our country's self Wo (surname) 1--very high [pron,sn] 看来 kànlai it seems/appears, it looks as if (in the pattern zài person kànlai 在... 看來 / 在... 看来 "in...'s view") 1--very high [v] 最大 zuìdà largest, greatest, utmost, maximum, supreme4--low [adj] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 道路 dàolù road, street, path 1--very high [n] 交通 jiāotōng traffic, communications, transport, transportation 1--very high [n] 到 dào (from...) to, up until, up to...; as of arrive, reach (preceding a location) (go) to, leave for successfully..., succeed in...(verbal suffix indicating success of the verb's action, as in kàndào 看到 "get to see, notice") thorough, thoughtful, considerate Dao (surname) 1--very high [v,prep,co,suf,sn] 现在 xiànzài now nowadays, today, at the present time 1--very high [n] 公路 gōnglù highway, public road 1--very high [n] 多 duō many, much; more, further; in excess, extra, exceeding (the intended/normal/original number or amount) a lot, ample (following a numeral) more than..., over (the number/amount stated) far more, much more (in questions asking about number, size, etc.) how (much, big, etc.)? (in exclamations) how...! Duo (surname) 1- -very high [num,adj,sn] 公里 gōnglǐ kilometer 1--very high [mw] 路面 lùmiàn road surface, pavement 2--high [n] 更 gèng more, still more, even more furthermore, further, what is more very high [adv] 平 píng flat, level, even, smooth flatten, level, smooth out, make even be on the same level, at par equal, impartial, fair, just calm, peaceful suppress, quell (an uprising, rebellion, etc.) average, common, usual, ordinary {Chinese chess} traverse (from one file to another) Ping (surname) 1--very high [adj,co,sn] 车道 chēdào traffic lane 2--high [n] 开车 kāichē start a vehicle (car, train, etc.) drive a vehicle (car, train, etc.) start a machine 1- -very high [v] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1- -very high [n,sn] 方便 fāngbiàn convenient make things easier for, make things convenient for (sb), facilitate appropriate, proper, suitable go to the bathroom 1- -very high [v,adj] 月份 yuèfèn month long time months of pregnancy 1--very high [n] 开通 kāitōng clear the way dredge open up (of communication lines, routes, etc.) be put into use, be opened to use/traffic enlighten, inspire, cultivate 1--very high [v] 十三 shísān very low [phr] 号 hào name, title, style name, assumed name, alias, literary name, sobriquet firm, business house sequence, kind, sort, type person of a certain type (as in bìnghào 病號 / 病号 "person on the sick list") number (after numerals) number..., day of the month, street number, house number {measure word} (for large numbers of people, transactions, deals, etc.) put a mark on, number, give a number to sign, signal size (of shoes, clothing, etc.) count, measure (as in hàomài 號脈 / 号脉 "feel the pulse") indicates the name of a ship, spacecraft, etc. (as in Qǐyè hào 企業號 / 企业 号 the "Enterprise") horn, trumpet, bugle bugle call 1--very high [n,mw] 线 xiàn line, thread, wire, string {math} line sth shaped like a line or thread ray route, line (of a bus, subway, etc.) {figurative, political} line boundary, demarcation line, dividing line verge, brink clue, lead, thread {measure word} (for abstract things indicating the slightest degree, or a tiny amount/chance [like of hope, preceded by the number yī 一 ]) 1--very high [n,mw] 可能 kěnéng possible, probable, likely may, maybe, probably possibly probability, possibility, likelihood1--very high [adj,adv,n]

167 157 最 zuì (the) most..., -est (prefix for the superlative, e.g., zuìdà 最大 "biggest") 1--very high [adv,pref] 长 cháng long; length (one's) strong point(s), forte be good at sth, be strong in sth surplus, spare, extra (in this meaning, formerly pronounced zhàng) 1--very high [adj,n] 地铁 dìtiě subway, underground mass transit system (short for dìxià tiědào 地下鐵道 / 地下铁道 ) subway train1--very high [n] 线路 xiànlù line (of communication, like railroad line), circuit (like diagram) 1--very high [n] 大大 dàdà greatly, enormously 1--very high [adv] 方便 fāngbiàn convenient make things easier for, make things convenient for (sb), facilitate appropriate, proper, suitable go to the bathroom 1- -very high [v,adj] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 北面 běimiàn the northern side, the north (face north) have an audience with the Emperor (from the practice that the Emperor's throne faced south) pay homage (like a student to a teacher, a son to his father) 2--high [n,v] 上百万 shàngbǎiwàn more than a million 2--high [phr] 工作 gōngzuò (do) work occupation, job, work 1--very high [v,n] 生活 shēnghuó life live, go through life exist existence, livelihood work 1--very high [n,v] 九月份 jiǔyuèfèn September 3- -medium 又 yòu again also on the other hand... then (indicating one action happening right after another) (in the pattern 又 又 yòu...yòu...) both... and very high [adv] 开通 kāitōng clear the way dredge open up (of communication lines, routes, etc.) be put into use, be opened to use/traffic enlighten, inspire, cultivate 1--very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 从 cóng from through, since, by ever (before negation, e.g., cóng méiyǒu 從沒有 / 从没 有 ) always (usually followed by 不, 沒 / 没, 未 etc. to mean "never") follow, accompany comply, conform, follow, obey act in a certain way (e.g., cóngkuān 從寬 / 从宽 "treat with leniency") attendant, footman, follower secondary cousin (relationship based on having the same paternal ancestor) Cong (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 南 nán south Nan (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 北 běi north go north toward the north, northward be defeated 1--very high [n] 五 wǔ five, 5 Wu (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 不但 bùdàn not only 1--very high [conj] 一些 yīxiē a number of; a certain amount of some, a few, several a little, a tiny bit more than one; more than once (as a suffix/complement following an adjective or verb) "a little... -er" 1- -very high [num] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1- -very high [v,auxv,sn] 车 chē vehicle, car implement or machine containing rotating elements (like a spinning wheel, water wheel, windmill) machine, turn on a lathe draw/lift water with a water wheel {dialect} carry (away) in a vehicle {dialect} sew sth on a sewing machine turn (one's body) Che (surname) 1--very high [n,v,sn] 也 yě also, too, as well (followed by a negative) (not) even nevertheless, still 1--very high [adv] 因为 yīnwèi because, on account of, for (often pronounced yīnwei) 1--very high [conj] 地下 dìxià underground, under the soil, subterranean underground, secret, clandestine, illegal 3- -medium [adj] 比 bǐ compare than to (in a score, e.g., sān bǐ èr 三比二 "3 to 2") emulate, compete, match gesture, gesticulate ratio, proportion draw an analogy (with), liken (to), compare copy, model after {regional} aim at, direct towards {classical} close to, next to {classical} cling to, collude with {classical} recently 1--very high [v,n,conj,adv] 地面 dìmiàn earth's surface, land surface, ground {construction} floor {mining} day region (mostly refers to administrative division) locality, the place in question 1--very high [n] 路 lù road, path, way; means, approach line, train (like of reasoning, thought) route, line Lu (administrative region during the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties) Lu (surname) 1--very high [n,sn] 两面 liǎngmiàn both sides or parties, both aspects double, dual (character, etc.) 2--high [n] 广告 guǎnggào advertisement, ad 1- -very high [n] 少 shǎo few, little, less, scant, not enough seldom missing, lacking owe (money, etc.) a (little) while, a minute 1--very high [adv,v,num] 得 de {grammar} (as structural particle between verb/adjective and a following complement) able to...; to the degree of...(used after certain verbs to indicate ability, possibility, or achievement to a certain degree, e.g., wǒ kàn de hěn qīngchu 我 看得很清楚 "I could see it clearly") 1--very high [adv] 好 hǎo good, nice, fine good to (eat, etc.)

168 158 be well, in good health (before a verb) easy to... (as a verb complement, indicates finishing or finishing satisfactorily) be done...ing, finish...ing in order to, so that, for the purpose of {regional} may, can, should, ought to (emphasizes the meaning of adjectives) very, quite, pretty much... (used before adjectives to inquire about quantity or degree) how...(long, far, etc.)? 1--very high [adj,co] 象 xiàng elephant elephant's tusk, ivory imitate appearance, image sign, indication symbolize phenomenon, manifestation {Chinese chess} Ministers/War Elephants, Elephants (on the black side) xiang (dance) Xiang (surname) 1- -very high [v,n,sn] 回到 huídào return to 1--very high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 八十 bāshí eighty 2--high 年代 niándài age, era, time, years, vintage decade of a century (as in bāshí niándài 八十年代 "the eighties") 1--very high [n] 要 yào want, need, desire demand, ask for, request must will, be going to need to, should it is necessary that..., one must... if if one hopes to..., in order to... (used in comparisons, for example 要比 yào bǐ or 比 要 bǐ...yào...), expresses a judgment/evaluation or highlights the difference important suppose that..., if, in case (yào..., yào...) either..., or... Yāo (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1--very high [v] 那时 nàshí (at) that time 1--very high [n,adv] 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 流行 liúxíng popular, fashionable, in vogue, prevalent 1--very high [adj] 做 zuò work, do make, create, manufacture, produce be, become, act as, be used as write, compose play the part of, disguise oneself as hold (a celebration, like a birthday) 1--very high [v] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 房子 fángzi house, building room (of a house, etc.) 1--very high [n] 还原 huányuán return to original state (chemical) reduction 2--high [v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 本来 běnlái original originally, at first, in the past, used to... in the first place, naturally, as a matter of course, by all rights 1--very high [adj,adv] 面目 miànmù face, facial features look, appearance face, self-respect 2--high [n] 那些 nàxiē those 1--very high [pron] 老 lǎo old, aged senior person, elderly person experienced, veteran, seasoned of long standing, old old-fashioned, outdated, obsolete former, original, same always, constantly, frequently overgrown, tough, stringy (like of vegetables that were too mature when picked; in contrast to nèn 嫩 "tender") tough, leathery, overstewed, overcooked (like of overcooked meat, well-cooked eggs, etc.) {chem} deteriorate, age, change in quality always, constantly (prefix to names to indicate affection, respect or familiarity) the venerable... (title used following a surname to indicate respect for an elderly person of superior achievements) long, for a long time very, extremely, awfully, terribly {regional} (followed by certain colours) dark... (euphemism, always followed by le 了 ) die Laozi (short for Lǎozǐ 老子, the Taoist philosopher) Lao (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,v,n,pref,sn] 被 bèi (as passive prefix) be... by (followed by a verb: indicates passive voice, used directly before the verb without mentioning the doer of the action) {new usage} (used before a verb or noun in a sarcastic or jocular way to indicate that the word is at odds with the facts, or that sb was forced to do sth) quilt {written} cover (with) suffer, meet, encounter 1--very high [pref,n,v] 重新 chóngxīn again, anew 1--very high [adv] 上色 shàngsè (of merchandise, goods, etc.) firstrate, top-quality, top-notch, best quality, choice unusually beautiful woman, beauty 3--medium [n] 美化 měihuà beautify, glamourize, glorify, embellish, make pretty (short for Měiguóhuà 美國 化 / 美国化 ) Americanize; Americanized 1--very high [v] 新 xīn new modern, contemporary recently married newly, recently, lately Xin (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 公交 gōngjiāo public transportation (abbreviated term for gōnggòng jiāotōng 公共交通 "public transportation") public transport vehicle (i.e. public bus or trolley, short for gōngjiāochē 公交車 / 公交 车 ) 1--very high [n] 公司 gōngsī company, corporation, firm 1- -very high [n] 上路 shànglù start on a journey, set out (of a car or driver) go out onto the street, run/drive on public roads get on the right track; begin to pro-

169 159 ceed smoothly {regional, Shanghai} treat others in a way befitting a friend; be generous; act in a way befitting the occasion (or meeting social expectations) 1--very high [vo] 合理 hélǐ reasonable, within reason, rational 1--very high [adj] 车站 chēzhàn station, depot, stop (for bus, train) 1--very high [n] 时 shí time when, at (a certain time) o'clock (written form) current, present at that time occasionally, now and then; at times, sometimes (in the pattern 時 時 ) Shi (surname) 1- -very high [n,postp,sn] 来得 láide (used in comparisons) be/seem comparatively...; (not) as... {colloquial, regional} be capable, be competent (to do sth) 2--high [adj,v] 等 děng wait (for), await until, by the time when..., by the time that... {measure word} (used for grade, rank, class, degree) a (certain) kind, type, sort equal (to), similar {grammar} (plural suffix) and so on/forth/etc. {grammar} (used to indicate the end of an enumeration of items in a series) 1--very high [v,suf,mw] 那么 nàme that way, like that when preceding a number indicates estimation or approximation (like "about") in that case, then 1--very high [adv] 难 nán be difficult/hard cause sb difficulty, put sb in a difficult position unlikely, hardly possible, uncertain hard on sb, unpleasant to (the ear, eye, etc.) 1--very high [adj,v] 上车 shàngchē get into a car; get onto or board a bus, train, etc.; entrain 2--high [vo] 人们 rénmen people 1--very high [n] 那样 nàyàng like that, so 1--very high [n] 你 nǐ you (second person, singular) one, anyone, a person 1--very high [pron,n] 不让 bùràng does not allow... unyielding without humility not be inferior to high [phr,adj,adv,v] 公交车 gōngjiāochē public transport vehicle (including public buses, trolleys, and subway) 2--high [n] 站 zhàn stand, take a stand stop, cease; a stop, station service centre, service station {measure word}... stop(s) of... (used for the stops of a train/bus) {IT} (short for wǎngzhàn 網站 / 网站 ) website 1--very high [v,n,mw] 各 gè each, every, all respectively, variously the various..., the different very high [adj,adv] 种 zhǒng type, kind {biology} species (of people) race seed, breed, strain guts, nerve, courage {measure word}... type(s) of..., kind(s) of... (used for things of a certain type, style, kind, sort [often not translated]) Zhong (surname) 3- -medium [n,mw,sn] 小广告 xiǎoguǎnggào (usu. illegal/unauthorized) adlet, small posted ad 3--medium [n] 想 xiǎng think (of); intend; be keen on sth want to, would like to long for, recall with fondness, miss, think of desire 1--very high [v] 看 kàn look, see, read think, view (the situation) visit, call on (friends, etc.) 1--very high [v] 名 míng (personal) name fame, reputation famous, well-known {measure word} (used for persons of a certain category, profession, etc.) 1- -very high [n,adj,mw] 没 méi not exist, not have, not be there, be without there is not not as... as not... than scarcely less than not yet did not (used like méiyǒu 沒有 / 没有 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 对 duì toward, to, facing, regarding be directed at, confront, treat, cope with opposite couple, pair (usually a man and a woman) {measure word}... pair(s) of... (used for things that come in pairs, like shoes, or for abstract dualities, as in yī duì máodùn 一對矛盾 / 一对矛盾 "a contradiction") agree, fit compare, identify, check set, adjust, synchronize (like clocks) pair up, fit together, coordinate correct, right adulterate, mix with, add, dilute (like wine with water) split in half (like profit) {literature, poetry} couplet 1--very high [adj,n,mw] 人行 Rén-háng the People's Bank of China (short for Zhōngguó Rénmín Yínháng 中國人民 銀行 / 中国人民银行 ) 2--high [n] 便道 biàndào shortcut sidewalk makeshift road (i.e. one to be used while the main road is repaired) pavement makeshift road 3--medium [n] 大部分 dàbùfen most mostly 1--very high [n,adv] 都 dōu all, both, every, in every case (when preceding shì 是, indicates the cause of sth that happened) it's all because of... (following a stressed subject, or in the pattern lián 連 / 连 dōu 都 ) even..., already... (as in Dōu shíyī diǎn le! 都十一點了 / 都十一点了! "It's eleven o'clock already!") (used in a question with an interrogative pronoun to ask for a plural answer, e.g., Nǐ dōu mǎi shénme le 你都買甚麼了 / 你都买什么了? "What things did you buy?") 1--very high [adv] 有了 yǒu le already had... has had... (as an interjection) I got it, eureka, here it is O.K. 1- -very high [phr] 只 zhǐ only, merely, just 1--very high [adv,conj] 这些 zhèxiē these (things/people, etc.) 1- -very high [pron] 明年 míngnián next year 1--very high [adv,n] 月 yuè month moon Yue (surname) 1- -very high [n,tw,sn] 会 huì meeting meet with can, could understand, know (like a language) be able to will, be likely to, be possible, possibly moment, short while Hui (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 其他 qítā other, else 1--very high [adj]

170 160 让 ràng let, allow have or make (sb do sth), cause yield, give in, give up yield for, give (the right of) way to (e.g., another vehicle, pedestrians) let sb else have sth {sound transcription} Jean (French given name) 1--very high [v] 我们 wǒmen we, us, our 1--very high [pron] 一起 yīqǐ together in company, in unison from the outset all told, in all in the same place 1--very high [adv] 等着 děngzhe waiting right away 2--high [v] 那 nà that (one) then, in that case 1- -very high [pron,conj] 天 tiān day sky weather the heavens Tian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 到来 dàolái arrive, come arrival, the coming of 1--very high [v]

171 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style Chinese Character List 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1white 2snowy 3pure 4bright 5empty 6blank 7plain 8clear 9to make clear 10in vain 11gratuitous 12free of charge 13reactionary 14anti-communist 15funeral 16to stare coldly 17to write wrong character 18to state 19to explain vernacular spoken lines in opera surname Bai 161 1dish (type of food) 2vegetables 3vegetable 4cuisine 5CL: 盤 盘 [pán], 道 [dào] 1ten 210 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1to see 2to meet 3to appear (to be sth) 4to interview 5to appear 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 [nín]) 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 6surname Gao 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1moon 2month 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 輪 轮 [lún] 1I 2me 3my 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1it 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely ゔ 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1cause 2reason 3because

172 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 162 エ 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor ゞ 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

173 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 163 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai ぷェウ 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

174 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 164 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

175 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 165 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance 1face 2side 3surface 4aspect 5top 6classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc 7flour 8noodles 9flour 10noodles 1towards 2to face 3to turn towards 4direction 5to support 6to side with 7shortly before 8formerly 9always 10all along 11surname Xiang 12surname Xiang 13variant of 向, direction 14orientation 15to face 16to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to side with to be partial to all along (previously) surname Xiang variant of, direction orientation to face to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to 1public 2collectively owned 3common 4international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) 5make public 6fair 7just 8Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 9honorable (gentlemen) 10father-in-law male (animal) 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si ゔ 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person 2employee 3member 1that 2those 3then (in that case) 4commonly pr. [nèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing 5variant of 哪 [nǎ] 1to think 2to believe 3to suppose 4to wish 5to want 6to miss (feel wistful about the absence of sb or sth) 1to carry (hanging down from the hand) 2to lift 3to put forward 4to mention 5to raise (an issue) 6upwards character stroke 7lifting brush stroke (in painting) 8scoop for measuring liquid 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 1from 2self 3oneself 4since 6surname Gao 1self 2oneself 3sixth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干 4sixth in order 5letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc 6hexa 1to make into 2to change into 3-ization 4to... -ize 5to transform 6abbr. for 化學 化学 [huà xué] 7variant of 花 1water 2river 3liquid 4beverage 5additional charges or income 6(of clothes) classifier for number of washes 7surname Shui 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 9surname Ping 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary 1strip 2item 3article 4clause (of law or treaty) 5classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1road 2CL: 條 条 [tiáo] 3journey 4route 5line (bus etc) 6sort 7kind 8surname Lu

176 Women In White Chinese 穿白衣服的女子 Text 前年冬天, 有些日子晚上加班, 回来得晚 走到小区附近, 发现有一两个女子, 站在小区门口或路边 树下 我想可能是谈恋爱的女朋友在等男朋友 天很黑, 这一带又没有路灯, 在外面呆着多少有点儿不安全 这么晚站在这里苦等, 都是爱情给的胆量 有点奇怪的是, 她们都穿着白衣服 在黑夜里很显眼, 突然看到, 象鬼一样, 叫人害怕 我路过的时候, 还总是朝我看 我心想, 别误会, 我不是你要等的人 有一晚, 看到一辆汽车开到一个女子身边, 她很快走近, 上车离开 看来, 她谈的男朋友是有钱人 正走着, 又听到后面两声口哨响 回头看, 发现两个男人对着路边两个女子打口哨 这两个女子没有生气, 也没有走开, 还站在那里 突然, 我什么都明白了 -- 她们等的就不是男朋友! 从此, 在白天看到穿白衣服的女子, 我心里也觉得怪怪的, 虽然知道这么想有点儿可笑 Chinese Text and Pinyin chuān bái yī fú de nǚ zi 穿白衣服的女子 qián nián dōng tiān yǒu xiē rì zi wǎn shàng jiā 前年冬天, 有些日子晚上加 bān huí lái dé wǎn zǒu dào xiǎo qū fù 班, 回 来 得 晚 走 到 小 区 附 jìn fā xiàn yǒu yī liǎng gè nǚ zi zhàn 近, 发 现 有 一 两 个 女 子, 站 zài xiǎo qū mén kǒu huò lù biān shù xià 在 小 区 门 口 或 路 边 树 下 wǒ xiǎng kě néng shì tán liàn ài de nǚ péng yǒu 我 想 可 能 是 谈 恋 爱 的 女 朋 友

177 167 zài děng nán péng yǒu tiān hěn hēi zhè yī 在 等 男 朋 友 天 很 黑, 这 一 dài yòu méi yǒu lù dēng zài wài miàn dāi zhe 带 又 没 有 路 灯, 在 外 面 呆 着 duō shǎo yǒu diǎn ér bù ān quán zhè me wǎn 多少有点儿不安全 这么晚 zhàn zài zhè lǐ kǔ děng dōu shì ài qíng gěi 站在这里苦等, 都是爱情给 de dǎn liàng 的 胆 量 yǒu diǎn qí guài de shì tā men dōu chuān zhuó 有点奇怪的是, 她们都穿着 bái yī fú zài hēi yè lǐ hěn xiǎn yǎn 白 衣 服 在 黑 夜 里 很 显 眼, tū rán kàn dào xiàng guǐ yī yàng jiào rén 突 然 看 到, 象 鬼 一 样, 叫 人 hài pà wǒ lù guò de shí hòu huán zǒng 害 怕 我 路 过 的 时 候, 还 总 shì cháo wǒ kàn wǒ xīn xiǎng bié wù huì 是 朝 我 看 我 心 想, 别 误 会, wǒ bú shì nǐ yào děng de rén 我 不 是 你 要 等 的 人 yǒu yī wǎn kàn dào yī liàng qì chē kāi dào 有一晚, 看到一辆汽车开到 yī gè nǚ zi shēn biān tā hěn kuài zǒu jìn 一 个 女 子 身 边, 她 很 快 走 近, shàng chē lí kāi kàn lái tā tán de nán 上车离开 看来, 她谈的男 péng yǒu shì yǒu qián rén zhèng zǒu zhe yòu 朋友是有钱人 正走着, 又 tīng dào hòu miàn liǎng shēng kǒu shào xiǎng huí tóu 听到后面两声口哨响 回头 kàn fā xiàn liǎng gè nán rén duì zhe lù biān 看, 发 现 两 个 男 人 对 着 路 边 liǎnggè nǚ zi dǎ kǒu shào zhè liǎng gè nǚ 两个女子打口哨 这两个女

178 168 zi méi yǒu shēng qì yě méi yǒu zǒu kāi 子 没 有 生 气, 也 没 有 走 开, huánzhàn zài nà lǐ 还站在那里 tū rán wǒ shén me dōu míng bái le tā men 突 然, 我 什 么 都 明 白 了 -- 她 们 děng de jiù bú shì nán péng yǒu 等的就不是男朋友! cóng cǐ zài bái tiān kàn dào chuān bái yī fú 从此, 在白天看到穿白衣服 de nǚ zi wǒ xīn lǐ yě jué dé guài guài 的 女 子, 我 心 里 也 觉 得 怪 怪 de suī rán zhī dào zhè me xiǎng yǒu diǎn ér 的, 虽 然 知 道 这 么 想 有 点 儿 kě xiào 可 笑 Word List 穿 chuān penetrate, pierce (through) pass through, go through, cross wear, put on (clothing), have... on, be dressed in to thread, string (like pearls, beads, etc.) {grammar} (verbal complement used after certain action verbs to indicate that the action was thorough and complete [e.g., kànchuān 看穿 "see through"]) 1--very high [v] 白衣 báiyī a white frock, white coat (like a doctor's coat) {written} a man without a degree or official title/post (who in former times was supposed to be dressed in white) a commoner the common people 2--high [n] 服 fú clothing, garments wear, put on (clothes) take (medicine) assume (a post), serve (in the military, a prison sentence, etc.) submit oneself to, obey cause to accept, convince be used to, accustomed to Fu (surname) 1--very high [n,v,sn] 的 de {grammar} (as an attributive suffix) "of a certain quality" (like xīn de fángzi 新的房子 "a new house") (as a possessive suffix) "of" (like tā de zìxíngchē 他的自行車 / 他的自行车 "his bicycle") (as a noun-forming suffix) "the... ones" (like yǒu niánqīng de, yǒu lǎo de 有年輕的, 有老的 / 有年轻的, 有老的 "there were young ones and old ones") 1--very high [suf] 女子 nǚzǐ woman, female, girl 1--very high [n] 前年 qiánnián the year before last 2--high [n] 冬天 dōngtiān winter 1--very high [n] 有 yǒu there is (are, were, etc.); be there, exist have, own, possess You (surname) 1- -very high [v,auxv,sn] 些 xiē few, several, some (unspecified amount) somewhat, slightly (as a postposition, used to indicate plurality) {measure word} (used for an indefinite number of people or things, can only be preceded by the numeral yī 一 "one") 1- -very high [adv,mw] 日子 rìzi date, day time (number of days) life, livelihood1--very high [n] 晚上 wǎnshang in the evening, at night evening, night 1--very high [n,adv] 加班 jiābān (of employees) work overtime work an extra shift (of air travel) add more flights additional flight(s) 2--high [v] 回来 huílái return, come back 2--high [vi] 得 de {grammar} (as structural particle between verb/adjective and a following complement) able to...; to the degree of...(used after certain verbs to indicate ability, possibility, or achievement

179 169 to a certain degree, e.g., wǒ kàn de hěn qīngchu 我 看得很清楚 "I could see it clearly") 1--very high [adv] 晚 wǎn night, evening late (later than is proper/desirable), belated, delayed late, later in time junior; succeeding {formal} your humble junior (self-deprecatory term used in correspondence) {formal} in the latter part of one's life, in old age Wan (surname) 1--very high [n,adj,adv,sn] 走到 zǒudào walk to arrive at 2--high [phr] 小区 xiǎoqū housing/residential development, subdivision, neighbourhood, (British English) estate (short for chéngshì zhùzhái xiǎoqū 城市住宅小區 / 城市住宅小区 or jūmín xiǎoqū 居 民小區 / 居民小区 ) 1--very high [n] 附近 fùjìn close(-by), adjacent in the vicinity neighbouring 1--very high [adj] 发现 fāxiàn discover, find, notice; discovery 1- -very high [v,n] 一 yī one, 1 alone whole once... Yi (surname) 1--very high [num,sn] 两 liǎng two, both (sides, parties, etc.) liang (Chinese ounce, equal to 50 grams) tael (unit of silver) liang (unit of 25 soldiers) 1- -very high [num] 个 gè {measure word} (usually pronounced in the qīngshēng 輕聲 / 轻声 "light tone") (used before a noun not having a dedicated measure word of its own, e.g., sān gè xīngqī 三個星期 / 三个 星期 "three weeks", liǎng gè wèntí 兩個問題 / 两个 问题 "two questions/problems") (contraction of yī gè 一個 / 一个, used between a verb and its object) a... (pronounced with full fourth tone) individual 1--very high [mw] 站 zhàn stand, take a stand stop, cease; a stop, station service centre, service station {measure word}... stop(s) of... (used for the stops of a train/bus) {IT} (short for wǎngzhàn 網站 / 网站 ) website 1--very high [v,n,mw] 在 zài in, on, at exist, be present, be alive be in a certain category or class (as in zài suǒ bùmiǎn 在所不免 "is [one of those things that is] unavoidable") Zai (surname) 1--very high [prep,v,sn] 门口 ménkǒu doorway, entrance 1--very high [n] 或 huò or perhaps, probably, maybe (in the pattern 或 或 ) either...or... {written} someone, somebody, some person, some people {written} (usually with negation) (not even) a little bit, slightly 1--very high [conj,adv,pron] 路边 lùbiān roadside, road edge, shoulder 2- -high 树 shù tree plant, set up, establish (mostly of abstract things) screen, partition {measure word} (used for trees) Shu (surname) 1- -very high [n,v,sn] 下 xià under, below, underneath the later, latter, last in a series the last part (of a work) next down, downward descend, go down (of rain, snow, etc.) fall send down (like documents); issue, deliver (like an order, an ultimatum, etc.) leave/exit (from) put in play (board games) take away, dismantle (of animals) give birth to, lay (eggs) defeat, capture yield, give up, give in get off/finish (one's shift) {measure word} (used for the number of occurrences) {measure word}... glassful(s) of... (used for fillings of containers like glasses, bowls, etc.) 1--very high [v,co,postp,mw] 我 wǒ I, me; my {written} we; our {written} our country (usu. referring to China); our country's self Wo (surname) 1--very high [pron,sn] 想 xiǎng think (of); intend; be keen on sth want to, would like to long for, recall with fondness, miss, think of desire 1--very high [v] 可能 kěnéng possible, probable, likely may, maybe, probably possibly probability, possibility, likelihood1--very high [adj,adv,n] 是 shì be, am, is, are (equating two things) right yes (response when called on) {classical} this {classical} correct, right (in the pattern 是 是 ) is it...or is it...? "Yes!" "Right!" 1--very high [auxv,v] 谈恋爱 tánliàn'ài be in love 2- -high [v] 女朋友 nǚpéngyou girlfriend female friend 2--high [n] 等 děng wait (for), await until, by the time when..., by the time that... {measure word} (used for grade, rank, class, degree) a (certain) kind, type, sort equal (to), similar {grammar} (plural suffix) and so on/forth/etc. {grammar} (used to indicate the end of an enumeration of items in a series) 1--very high [v,suf,mw] 男朋友 nánpéngyou boyfriend male friend1--very high [n] 天 tiān day sky weather the heavens Tian (surname) 1--very high [n,tw,mw,sn] 很 hěn very, quite (often used as a rhetorical prefix to an adjective, with little or no intensification of the adjective's meaning) 1--very high [adv,pref] 黑 hēi (of colour) black, dark secret (often illicit), shady, unlawful, clandestine evil, wicked, sinister, vicious unethical, reactionary, counterrevolutionary {colloquial} do sth unethical or unlawful (short for Hēilóngjiāng 黑龍江 / 黑龙 江 ) Heilongjiang Province Hei (surname) 1- -very high [adj,sn] 这 zhè this, these (mostly preceding a measure word or number) 1--very high [pron] 带 dài carry, bring, take (along) belt, girdle, band, ribbon, tape, magnetic tape {automotive} tire zone, area, belt {med} whites, Leucorrhoea do sth incidentally show, bear, have hold, contain; include, (of an item for purchase, an apartment, etc.) come with (accessories, furniture, etc.) with (sth attached) lead, supervise (like students) bring up, raise, look after (like children)

180 170 promote, provide momentum to 1--very high [v,n] 又 yòu again also on the other hand... then (indicating one action happening right after another) (in the pattern 又 又 yòu...yòu...) both... and very high [adv] 没有 méiyǒu not exist, not have there is not not as... as less than did not, has not (same meaning as méi 沒 / 没 ) 1--very high [v,auxv] 路灯 lùdēng street light 2--high [n] 在外 zàiwài excluding outside 1--very high [v] 面 miàn face (toward); face, surface aspect the whole area (in contrast to diǎn 點 / 点 "selected spots") {regional, slang} habitually slow (of a person) {measure word} (used for things with a flat surface, like walls, mirrors, etc.) 1- -very high [v,n,mw] 呆着 áizhe dazed, in a daze 3--medium 多少 duōshao how many?; how much? (phrase used to indicate a great or infinite amount; phrase used in the negative to indicate a small amount; phrase used in exclamatory sentences) (in the pronunciation "duōshǎo") number, amount more or less 1--very high [qu,phr] 有点儿 yǒudiǎnr some, a little somewhat 3--medium [phr] 不 bù not no 1--very high [adv] 安全 ānquán safe, secure safety, security {IT} secure (like an Internet connection) 1--very high [adj,n] 这么 zhème this way, so 1--very high [pron] 这里 zhèli here this place 1--very high [pron] 苦 kǔ bitter (in contrast to gān 甘 "sweet") hardship, suffering cause hardship or suffering suffer from, be disadvantaged by painstakingly, diligently cut off or waste too much 1--very high [adj,v,n,adv] 都 dōu all, both, every, in every case (when preceding shì 是, indicates the cause of sth that happened) it's all because of... (following a stressed subject, or in the pattern lián 連 / 连 dōu 都 ) even..., already... (as in Dōu shíyī diǎn le! 都十一點了 / 都十一点了! "It's eleven o'clock already!") (used in a question with an interrogative pronoun to ask for a plural answer, e.g., Nǐ dōu mǎi shénme le 你都買甚麼了 / 你都买什么了? "What things did you buy?") 1--very high [adv] 爱情 àiqíng love (between man and women) 1- -very high [n] 给 gěi give, hand (to), present, grant (after a verb indicating transfer) to, toward; for, for the benefit of let, allow (also used as an emphatic particle, mainly in passive-voice sentences) 1- -very high [v,adv,prep] 胆量 dǎnliàng gall, guts, courage 2--high [n] 有点 yǒudiǎn some, a little somewhat 1- -very high 奇怪 qíguài strange, odd unexpected 1- -very high [adj] 她们 tāmen they (third person plural, feminine) 1--very high [pron] 穿着 chuānzhuó clothing, apparel (also in the pronunciation "chuānzhe": wearing) 1--very high [v] 黑夜 hēiyè at night, at night-time night 2- -high [n] 里 lǐ in, inside (as a postposition) 1- -very high [adv,suf,postp] 显眼 xiǎnyǎn showy, conspicuous, eye-catching 2--high [adj] 突然 tūrán suddenly, abruptly, unexpectedly1- -very high [adj,adv] 看到 kàndào (get to) see, notice 1--very high [v,vc] 象 xiàng elephant elephant's tusk, ivory imitate appearance, image sign, indication symbolize phenomenon, manifestation {Chinese chess} Ministers/War Elephants, Elephants (on the black side) xiang (dance) Xiang (surname) 1- -very high [v,n,sn] 鬼 guǐ ghost, spirit, apparition, phantom, devil {derogatory} an (alcohol/tobacco, etc.) addict (a person with a certain vice or other problem) awful, horrible, terrible (like the weather, an unpleasant place, etc.) secret, clandestine, in the background a dirty trick, plot {Chinese astronomy} Guǐ (one of the Èrshíbā Xiù 二十八宿 "28 Lunar Mansions of the Chinese zodiac") 1--very high [n,adj] 一样 yīyàng identical, alike, the same [yī yàng] a type/kind/sort of very high [adj,adv] 叫 jiào shout, yell, cry call out to, greet, address hire (like a taxi), order (a meal, dish, etc.), get name, call, designate, summon; be called/named ask, order, make (sb do sth), order, ask allow, permit, let by (particle used to indicate the passive voice) {regional} male (animal or fowl) 1--very high [v,adj] 人 rén person(s), human being(s), people, man somebody else, the others Ren (surname) 1- -very high [n,sn] 害怕 hàipà be afraid/scared of; be frightened/terrified 1--very high [v] 路过 lùguò pass (a place) on the way 1- -very high [v] 时候 shíhou time (when), moment 1--very high [n] 还 hái still, yet still more, even more also, as well, too, in addition, furthermore (when preceding an adjective indicating acceptable quality) passably, fairly, rather... (in rhetorical questions) even..., if... in spite of (sth unexpected, a difficulty, etc.) (to express emphasis) really, very (as a particle indicating grudging acceptance or unexpectedness) well then very high [adv] 总是 zǒngshì always1--very high [adv] 朝 cháo towards, facing... court (of emperor, king, etc.) dynasty {history} capital (from

181 171 which the emperor rules the empire); reign of an emperor; pay respects, have an audience with; spring audience with the Emperor (during the Hàn 漢 / 汉 Dynasty) North Korea (short for Cháoxiǎn 朝鮮 / 朝鲜 ) Chao (surname) 1--very high [v,adv,n,sn] 看 kàn look, see, read think, view (the situation) visit, call on (friends, etc.) 1--very high [v] 心想 xīnxiǎng think in one's heart, think to oneself think 2--high [v] 别 bié other, another, different depart, leave, separate {regional} change, turn around distinguish, differentiate distinction, difference category, type stick into, obstruct (sb/sth) trip (sb), cause to stumble block (another bike or other vehicle with one's own) (contraction of the prohibitive bùyào 不要 ) "don't...!" Bie (surname) 1- -very high [adj,v,sn] 误会 wùhuì misunderstand misunderstanding 1--very high [v,n] 你 nǐ you (second person, singular) one, anyone, a person 1--very high [pron,n] 要 yào want, need, desire demand, ask for, request must will, be going to need to, should it is necessary that..., one must... if if one hopes to..., in order to... (used in comparisons, for example 要比 yào bǐ or 比 要 bǐ...yào...), expresses a judgment/evaluation or highlights the difference important suppose that..., if, in case (yào..., yào...) either..., or... Yāo (surname) 1--very high [v,sn] 辆 liàng {measure word} (used for vehicles) 1--very high [n,mw] 汽车 qìchē motor vehicle, automobile, car 1- -very high [n] 开到 kāidào arrive (as in a timetable) drive to 3--medium [v] 身边 shēnbiān at one's side, at hand, nearby on one's person (like money) 1--very high [n] 她 tā she (third person singular, feminine) her {formal} she (as a reference to one's country, party, flag, etc.) 1--very high [pron] 快 kuài fast hurry up soon, shortly keen, sharp (-witted, etc.) content, happy Kuai (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,sn] 走近 zǒujìn approach, draw near to 2--high [v] 上车 shàngchē get into a car; get onto or board a bus, train, etc.; entrain 2--high [vo] 离开 líkāi leave, depart deviate from be away from, be without 1--very high [v] 看来 kànlai it seems/appears, it looks as if (in the pattern zài person kànlai 在... 看來 / 在... 看来 "in...'s view") 1--very high [v] 谈 tán talk, chat, speak (about), discuss talk, sth talked about Tan (surname) 1--very high [v,n,sn] 有钱人 yǒuqiánrén rich people 2- -high 正 zhèng straight, upright, perpendicular main, located in the centre, central (of time) punctually, exactly at, sharp, on time impartial, honest correct, right, proper (of colour, flavour) pure normal, regular chief, principal, prime {math} positive, plus rectify, correct right, just, exactly, precisely (as a particle indicating the ongoing action of a verb) in the process of... Zheng (surname) 1--very high [adj,adv,v,sn] 走着 zǒuzhe walking, travelling on foot running moving, shifting leaving, departing running away, fleeing 3--medium [v] 听到 tīngdào hear 2--high [v] 后面 hòumian at the back afterwards, later 1- -very high [adj,adv,n] 声 shēng sound, voice make a sound announce, state, declare reputation, renown initial consonant (of a Chinese character) {linguistics} tone (of a syllable in spoken Chinese) music {measure word} a sound of... (only preceded by the numeral yī 一 "one", for utterances and sounds, like a shout, command, thunderclap, etc.) 1--very high [n,v,mw] 口哨 kǒushào whistle with rounded lips 2- -high 响 xiǎng make a sound, make a noise be loud/noisy/resounding (of a bell, alarm, etc.) sound, ring, go off 1--very high [v,adj] 回头 huítóu turn one's head back, look back later, by and by, after a while turn back, go back repent 1--very high [vo] 男人 nánrén man, male (human) 1--very high [n] 对着 duìzhe facing 2--high 打 dǎ strike, hit, beat break, smash, wreck batter, attack, fight come into contact with, deal with (as in dǎ jiāodao 打交道 "have dealings with") build, construct forge (like a knife) pack (like luggage) apply (like paint) make (like a phone call) remove (as in the medical term dǎchóng 打蟲 / 打虫 "deworm") knit, weave take/board (a train, plane) take/get/hire (a taxi) ladle, fetch (like porridge, water) hunt/catch (as in dǎyú 打魚 / 打鱼 "catch fish") shoot (with a firearm) collect, gather (like firewood) draft (a document, estimate, etc.) do (like odd jobs) label as, charge with fight (a war, battle) play (a game, sport) buy be about, concern {colloquial} (used like cóng 從 / 从 ) from; (used like cóng 從 / 从... qǐ 起 ) beginning at very high [vt,v] 生气 shēngqì become angry, be furious, fly into a rage life, vitality 1--very high [vo] 也 yě also, too, as well (followed by a negative) (not) even nevertheless, still 1--very high [adv] 走开 zǒukāi leave get away, get out 3- -medium 那里 nàli that place, there 1--very high [pron] 什么 shénme what?; what kind of...? something, anything (used to express anger, surprise, censure or negation) (used to express disapproval or disagreement) (after a verb) for what, why (used to

182 172 indicate an incomplete list) things like...; and so on, and what not in traditional characters, also written 什麼, 什麽, or 甚麽 1--very high [qu,pref] 明白 míngbai clear, obvious frank, explicit, unequivocal sensible know, understand, realize 1- -very high [adj,v] 了 le already (aspect particle indicating change) (aspect particle for new situation; verb suffix indicating an action has happened or is about to happen) 1--very high [asp,suf] 就 jiù then, in that case on the subject of, with regard to, concerning, regarding, in connection with, as far as (sth is concerned) approach, move towards take up, enter upon, start doing (sth) comply with, yield to avail oneself of (sth at hand) at once, right away, in a moment (adverb indicating that a preceding number/quantity/time is relatively small/few/early) as early as, as long ago as, as soon as, as much/many as exactly, precisely only, merely, just, nothing (or no one) else than even if accomplish (sometimes used as a verbal resultative ending) 1--very high [conj,adv,v] 从此 cóngcǐ from then on, since then, thereafter from now on, henceforth 1--very high [adv] 白天 báitiān (at) daytime day 1--very high [n] 心里 xīnli in the heart, in the mind innermost 1--very high 觉得 juéde feel (like tired) think, believe 1- -very high [v] 怪 guài strange, unusual, odd, peculiar, eccentric, weird, queer wonder at, find strange, be surprised {colloquial} rather..., quite... a demon, evil spirit, monster blame/reproach sb Guai (surname) 1--very high [adj,n,v,sn] 虽然 suīrán although, though although it is so 1--very high [conj] 知道 zhīdao know, understand, be aware of, realize; know of; learn (of), find out 1--very high [v] 可笑 kěxiào ridiculous, ludicrous laughable 2- -high [adj]

183 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style Chinese Character List 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1white 2snowy 3pure 4bright 5empty 6blank 7plain 8clear 9to make clear 10in vain 11gratuitous 12free of charge 13reactionary 14anti-communist 15funeral 16to stare coldly 17to write wrong character 18to state 19to explain vernacular spoken lines in opera surname Bai 173 1dish (type of food) 2vegetables 3vegetable 4cuisine 5CL: 盤 盘 [pán], 道 [dào] 1ten 210 1to divide 2to separate 3to distribute 4to allocate 5to distinguish (good and bad) 6part or subdivision 7fraction 8one tenth (of certain units) 9unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm 10minute 11a point (in sports or games) yuan (unit of money) part share ingredient component 1always 2ever 3often 4frequently 5common 6general 7constant 8surname Chang 1to see 2to meet 3to appear (to be sth) 4to interview 5to appear 1can 2may 3able to 4to approve 5to permit 6to suit 7(particle used for emphasis) certainly 8very 1is 2are 3am 4yes 5to be 1you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 [nín]) 9see 可汗 [kè hán] 1(experienced action marker) 2to cross 3to go over 4to pass (time) 5to celebrate (a holiday) 6to live 7to get along 8excessively 9too- 1half 2semi- 3incomplete 4(after a number) and a half 1man 2person 3people 4CL: 個 个 [gè], 位 [wèi] 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 6surname Gao 1of 2~'s (possessive particle) 3(used after an attribute) 4(used to form a nominal expression) 5(used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 6aim 7clear 8really and truly 1big 2huge 3large 4major 5great 6wide 7deep 8oldest 9eldest 10see 大夫 [dài fu] 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1on top 2upon 3above 4upper 5previous 6first (of multiple parts) 7to climb 8to get onto 9to go up 10to attend (class or university) 1individual 2this 3that 4size 5classifier for people or objects in general 1moon 2month 3CL: 個 个 [gè], 輪 轮 [lún] 1I 2me 3my 1ability 2talent 3sb of a certain type 4a capable individual 5only 6only then 7just now 11see 上聲 上声 [shǎng shēng] 1to see 2to look at 3to read 4to watch 5to consider 6to regard as 7to view as 8to treat as 9to judge 10(after repeated verb) to give it a try 11depending on (how you're judging) 12to visit 13to call on 14to treat (an illness) 15to look after Watch out! (for a danger) to look after to take care of to watch to guard 1to (a place) 2until (a time) 3up to 4to go 5to arrive 1(negative prefix) 2not 3no 1it 1only 2merely 3just 4but 5classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc 6variant of 祇, earth-spirit 7peace 8variant of 祇 只, only 9merely 10classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc variant of, earth-spirit peace variant of, only merely 1to use 2to employ 3to have to 4to eat or drink 5expense or outlay 6usefulness 7hence 8therefore 1to come 2to arrive 3to come round 4ever since 5next 1cause 2reason 3because

184 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1as (in the capacity of) 2to take sth as 3to act as 4to serve as 5to behave as 6to become 7to be 8to do 9by (in the passive voice) 10because of 11for 12to 13variant of 為 为 [wéi] 14as (i.e. in the capacity of) 15to take sth as to act as to serve as to behave as to become to be to do variant of [wèi], because of for to 174 1tree 2wood 3coffin 4wooden 5simple 6numb 7one of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音 [bā yīn] 8surname Mu 1head 2hair style 3the top 4end 5beginning or end 6a stub 7remnant 8chief 9boss 10side 11aspect 12first 13leading 14classifier for pigs or livestock 15CL: 個 个 [gè] 16suff. for nouns 1to do 2to make 3to produce 4to write 5to compose 6to act as 7to engage in 8to hold (a party) 9to be 10to become 11to function (in some capacity) 12to serve as 13to be used for 14to form (a bond or relationship) 15to pretend to feign to act a part to put on appearance 1to pay back 2to return 3still 4still in progress 5still more 6yet 7even more 8in addition 9fairly 10passably (good) 11as early as 12even 13also 14else エ 1good 2well 3proper 4good to 5easy to 6very 7so 8(suffix indicating completion or readiness) 9to be in love (e.g. 学姐, 你跟他好了, 就不怕代沟么?) 10to be fond of 11to have a tendency to 12to be prone to 1color 2CL: 種 种 [zhǒng] 3look 4appearance 5sex 1to appear 2to look 3form 4shape 6color 7dice 1at once 2right away 3only 4just (emphasis) 5as early as 6already 7as soon as 8then 9in that case 10as many as 11even if 12to approach 13to move towards 14to undertake 15to engage in 16to suffer 17subjected to 18to accomplish to take advantage of to go with (of foods) with regard to concerning ゔ 1and 2together with 3with 4sum 5union 6peace 7harmony 8Taiwan pr. [hàn] when it means "and" 9surname He 10Japanese (food, clothes etc) 11cap (a poem) 12to respond in singing 13to mix together 14to blend 15soft warm to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards 1really 2truly 3indeed 4real 5true 6genuine 1one 21 3single 4a (article) 5as soon as 6entire 7whole 8all 9throughout 10"one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 1manner 2pattern 3way 4appearance 5shape 6CL: 個 个 [gè] 1elephant 2CL: 隻 只 [zhī] 3shape 4form 5appearance 6to imitate 1sun 2day 3date, day of the month 4abbr. for 日本 Japan 1to be born 2to give birth 3life 4to grow 5raw, uncooked 1to live 2alive 3living 4work 5workmanship 1li (Chinese mile) 2500 meters (modern) 3home 4hometown 5village 6neighborhood 7administrative unit 8Li (surname) 9lining 10interior 11inside 12internal 13also written 裏 里 [lǐ] 14lining 15interior 16inside 17internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] lining interior inside internal also written [lǐ] 1again 2once more 3re- 4second 5another 6then (after sth, and not until then) 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 1this 2these 3(commonly pr. [zhèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) 1item 2component 3classifier for events, things, clothes etc 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker 1east 2host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) 3landlord 4surname Dong 1west 2the West 3abbr. for Spain 西班牙 [Xī bān yá] 4Spanish 1to set 2to fix 3to determine 4to decide 5to order 1important 2vital 3to want 4will 5going to (as future auxiliary) 6may 7must 8(used in a comparison) must be 9probably 10to demand 11to request 12to coerce 1few 2little 3lack 4young 1work 2worker 3skill 4profession 5trade 6craft 7labor 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

185 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 175 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 1to have 2there is 3there are 4to exist 5to be 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1law 2method 3way 4Buddhist teaching 5Legalist 1to know 2to be aware 6France 7French 8abbr. for 法國 法国 [Fǎ guó] 1direction 2way 3road 4path 5principle 6truth 7morality 8reason 9skill 10method 11Dao (of Daoism) 12to say 13to speak 14to talk 15classifier for long thin stretches, rivers, roads etc 16province (of Korea do 도, and formerly Japan dō) CL: [tiáo], [gǔ] 1horse 2CL: 匹 [pi] 3horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess 4knight in Western chess 5surname Ma 6abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞 马来西亚 [Mǎ lái xī yà] 1hundred 2numerous 3all kinds of 4surname Bai 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1each other 2one another 3mutually 4appearance 5portrait 6picture 7surname Xiang 1to go through 2to know well 3(suffix) expert 4to connect 5to communicate 6open 7to clear 8classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc 1(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 ) 2him 3her 4it 9classifier for sections of music playing 10classifier for bouts of unpleasant language 1place 2location 3spot 4point 5office 6department 7bureau 8respect 9classifier for locations or items of damage: spot, point in a position of to deal with to discipline to punish 10to reside 11to live 12to dwell 13to be in 14to be situated at 15to stay 16to get along with 17to be 1couple 2pair 3to be opposite 4to oppose 5to face 6versus 7for 8to 9correct (answer) 10to answer 11to reply 12to direct (towards sth) 13right 1to finish 2to achieve 3to understand 4(modal particle intensifying preceding clause) 5(completed action marker) 6(of eyes) bright 7clear-sighted 8to understand clearly 9to watch from a height or distance 10to survey 11(of eyes) bright clear-sighted to understand clearly to watch from a height or distance to survey 1many 2much 3a lot of 4numerous 5more 6in excess 7how (to what extent) 8multi- 9Taiwan pr. [duó] when it means "how" ぷ 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1just (right) 2main 3upright 4straight 5correct 6positive 7greater than zero 8principle 1former 2original 3primary 4raw 5level 6cause 7source 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 9first month of the lunar year 1roots or stems of plants 2origin 3source 4this 5the current 6root 7foundation 8basis 9classifier for books, periodicals, files etc 10originally 1body 2life 3oneself 4personally 5one's morality and conduct 6the main part of a structure or body 7pregnant 8classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset 9Kangxi radical 158 1(negative prefix for verbs) 2have not 3not 4drowned 5to end 6to die 7to inundate 1small table 2how much 3how many 4several 5a few 6almost 7how much 8how many 9several 10a few 11almost 1coin 2money 3CL: 筆 笔 [bǐ] 4unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 两 [liǎng] 5surname Qian 1down 2downwards 3below 4lower 5later 6next (week etc) 7second (of two parts) 8to decline 9to go down 10to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 1(noun suffix) 2son 3child 4seed 5egg 6small thing 71st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat 8Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 1to succeed 2to finish 3to complete 4to accomplish 5to become 6to turn into 7to be all right 8OK! 9one tenth 1his 2her 3its 4theirs 5that 6such 7it (refers to sth preceding it) 1real 2true 3honest 4really 5solid 6fruit 7seed 8definitely 10surname Cheng

186 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 1point 2dot 3drop 4speck 5o'clock 6point (in space or time) 7to draw a dot 8to check on a list 9to choose 10to order (food in a restaurant) 11to touch briefly 12to hint 13to light 14to ignite 15to pour a liquid drop by drop 16(old) one fifth of a two-hour watch [gēng] dot stroke in Chinese characters classifier for items 176 1non-syllabic diminutive suffix 2retroflex final 3son 4non-syllabic diminutive suffix 5retroflex final 6son 1heart 2mind 3intention 4centre 5core 6CL: 顆 颗 [kē], 個 个 [gè] 1difficult (to...) 2problem 3difficulty 4difficult 5not good 1to appear 2present 3now 4existing 5current 6disaster 7distress 8to scold 1seed 2species 3kind 4type 5classifier: type, kind, sort 6to plant 7to grow 8to cultivate 9seed 10species 11kind 12type 13classifier: type, kind, sort 14to plant 15to grow 16to cultivate 1exterior surface 2family relationship via females 3to show (one's opinion) 4a model 5a table (listing information) 6a form 7a meter (measuring sth) 8wrist or pocket watch 9wrist or pocket watch 1hand 2(formal) to hold 3person engaged in certain types of work 4person skilled in certain types of work 5personal(ly) 6convenient 7CL: 雙 双 [shuāng], 隻 只 [zhī] 1(located) at 2(to be) in 3to exist 4in the middle of doing sth 5(indicating an action in progress) 1within 2among 3in 4middle 5center 6while (doing sth) 7during 8China 9Chinese 10surname Zhong 11to hit (the mark) 12to be hit by 13to suffer 14to win (a prize, a lottery) 1country 2nation 3state 4national 5CL: 個 个 [gè] 6surname Guo 1article 2commodity 3product 4goods 5kind 6grade 7rank 8character 9disposition 10nature 11temperament 12variety 13to taste sth 14to sample 15to criticize 16to comment 17to judge 18to size up 1(adverb of degree) 2quite 3very 4awfully 1some 2few 3several 4measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1) 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1maybe 2perhaps 3might 4possibly 5or 9surname Ping 1(after a verb or adjective) one who (is)... 2(after a noun) person involved in... 3-er 4-ist 5(used after a number or 後 后 [hòu] or 前 [qián] to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6(used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) (old) (used at the end of a command) (old) this ゔ 1mountain pass 2to close 3to shut 4to turn off 5to concern 6to involve 1matter 2thing 3item 4work 5affair 6CL: 件 [jiàn], 樁 桩 [zhuāng] 1thing 2object 3matter 4abbr. for physics 物理 7surname Guan ゞ ゞ 1can 2be possible 3be able to 4will 5be likely to 6be sure to 7to assemble 8to meet 9to gather 10to see 11union 12group 13association 14CL: 個 个 [gè] 15a moment (Taiwan pr. for this sense is [huǐ]) accountancy accounting 1quilt 2by 3(indicates passive-voice clauses) 4(literary) to cover 5to meet with 1to learn 2to study 3science 4-ology 1to ask 1as 2as if 3such as 1fruit 2result 3resolute 4indeed 5if really 16to balance an account 1to send out 2to show (one's feeling) 3to issue 4to develop 5classifier for gunshots (rounds) 1religion 2teaching 3to make 4to cause 5to tell 6surname Jiao 7to teach 6hair 7Taiwan pr. [fǎ] 1o'clock 2time 3when 4hour 5season 6period 7surname Shi

187 Printed with estroke using "Handout" style 字 部首 Definition and Stroke 177 ウ 1between 2among 3within a definite time or space 4room 5section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6classifier for rooms 7gap 8to separate 9to thin out (seedlings) 10to sow discontent 1length 2long 3forever 4always 5constantly 6chief 7head 8elder 9to grow 10to develop 11to increase 12to enhance 1face 2side 3surface 4aspect 5top 6classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc 7flour 8noodles 9flour 10noodles 1towards 2to face 3to turn towards 4direction 5to support 6to side with 7shortly before 8formerly 9always 10all along 11surname Xiang 12surname Xiang 13variant of 向, direction 14orientation 15to face 16to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to side with to be partial to all along (previously) surname Xiang variant of, direction orientation to face to turn toward to towards shortly before formerly to 1public 2collectively owned 3common 4international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar) 5make public 6fair 7just 8Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 [wǔ děng jué wèi] 9honorable (gentlemen) 10father-in-law male (animal) 1to take charge of 2to manage 3department (under a ministry) 4surname Si 1texture 2grain (of wood) 3inner essence 4intrinsic order 5reason 6logic 7truth 8science 9natural science (esp. physics) 10to manage 11to pay attention to 12to run (affairs) 13to handle 14to put in order 15to tidy up 1person 2employee 3member 1that 2those 3then (in that case) 4commonly pr. [nèi] before a classifier, esp. in Beijing 5variant of 哪 [nǎ] 1to think 2to believe 3to suppose 4to wish 5to want 6to miss (feel wistful about the absence of sb or sth) 1to carry (hanging down from the hand) 2to lift 3to put forward 4to mention 5to raise (an issue) 6upwards character stroke 7lifting brush stroke (in painting) 8scoop for measuring liquid 1high 2tall 3above average 4loud 5your (honorific) 1from 2self 3oneself 4since 6surname Gao 1self 2oneself 3sixth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干 4sixth in order 5letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc 6hexa 1to make into 2to change into 3-ization 4to... -ize 5to transform 6abbr. for 化學 化学 [huà xué] 7variant of 花 1water 2river 3liquid 4beverage 5additional charges or income 6(of clothes) classifier for number of washes 7surname Shui 1flat 2level 3equal 4to tie (make the same score) 5to draw (score) 6calm 7peaceful 8see also 平聲 平声 [píng shēng] 1ten (used in fractions, writing checks etc) 2assorted 3miscellaneous 9surname Ping 1youngest 2most junior 3tiny 4one (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers, esp. on telephone or in military) 5one or ace on dice or dominoes 6variant of 吆, to shout 7suffix, used to form interrogative 甚麼 什么, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant exclamatory final particle interrogative final particle variant of suffix, used to form interrogative, what?, indefinite thus etc tiny insignificant 1to arrive 2most 3to 4until 1to speak 2to say 3to explain 4to scold 5to tell off 6a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory) Japanese variant of 說 to speak to say 7to canvass 8to persuade 9see 遊說 游说 [yóu shuì], to canvass and 說客 说客 [shuì kè], persuasive speaker を 1bright 2opposite: dark 暗 [àn] 3(of meaning) clear 4to understand 5next 6public or open 7wise 8generic term for a sacrifice to the gods Flame Emperors, [Yán dì] descended from Shennong [Shén nóng] Farmer God 9Ming Dynasty ( ) 10surname Ming 11Ming (c BC), fourth of the legendary 1strip 2item 3article 4clause (of law or treaty) 5classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) 1money 2wealth 3riches 4property 5valuables 1road 2CL: 條 条 [tiáo] 3journey 4route 5line (bus etc) 6sort 7kind 1how 8surname Lu

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189 Education