2) The original base of the Ottoman Turks was A) Anatolia. B) Syria. C) Mesopotamia. D) Transoxiana. E) the Balkans.

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1 Name AP World - Unit 3 - Reading Quiz - Chapters 21 and 22 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Period 1) Which of the following was NOT one of the early modern Islamic empires? A) Abbasid B) Mughal C) Safavid D) Ottoman E) followers of Shi'a Islam in former Persian territory 1) 2) The original base of the Ottoman Turks was A) Anatolia. B) Syria. C) Mesopotamia. D) Transoxiana. E) the Balkans. 2) 3) What permitted the Janissaries to gain a position of prominence in the Ottoman empire? A) Their control of the bureaucracy made them indispensible to the operation of the empire. B) They rapidly gained control of the mosques of the Ottoman empire and were able to define religious orthodoxy. C)As members of the royal family, they had access to the Sultans. D) Their control of artillery and firearms gave them prominence over the aristocratic Turkish cavalry. E) Islamic law defined their authority. 3) 4) What was the principle of succession within the Ottoman empire? A) Like the early Islamic administration of the orthodox Caliphs, the successions within the Ottoman empire was elective. B) Ottoman Sultans selected their successors prior to their death and elevated them as co-rulers. C)Succession within the Ottoman empire was based on primogeniture that is, the oldest son automatically succeeded the previous Sultan. D) A committee of chieftains made the selection after the death of the sultan. E) Like earlier Islamic dynasties, the Ottoman empire lacked a principle of succession a fact that led to protracted warfare among prospective successors. 4) 5) The head of the Ottoman central bureaucracy was the A) vizier. B) dhimmi. C) Patriarch. D) Caliph. E) eunuch. 5) 1

2 6) In what way were the artisans of Constantinople similar to their counterparts in the West? A) Like the earlier West, craft production was limited and there were few independent artisans. B) They had begun to form a proletariat. C) In the capital city of the Ottoman empire, artisans were free of governmental supervision. D) They produced goods that were much in demand in Asia. E) Like their counterparts in medieval European towns, the artisans were organized into guilds. 6) 7) Which of the following was NOT a cause for the decline of the Ottoman empire? A) The addition of European military technology such as light artillery made the Janissaries so powerful that they could challenge the authority of the Sultan. B) The ability of individual Sultans to rule declined. C) Oppressive demands of local officials caused the peasantry to abandon their holdings and flee. D) Local officials began to retain increasing amounts of revenue for their own purposes. E) Western Europe grew more powerful and challenged their existence. 7) 8) Which of the following represents a difference between the origins of the Ottomans and the Safavids? 8) A) The Safavids represented the Shi'ite strain of Islam, B) The Safavids represented a highly militant strain of Islam. C) The Safavids were of Chinese Origin. D) The Safavids originated from a Turkish nomadic group. E) The Safavids were originally frontier warriors. 9) What led to the rapid demise of the Safavid empire? A) The Safavid defeat at the battle of Panipat at the hands of a Russian army stripped the empire of its military forces just as pressure from outside enemies increased. B) The threat of Mongol conquest destabilized the government. C) The collapse of the Safavid economy in the eighteenth century diminished the revenues of the empire to the point that the central government could no longer function. D) The successful conquest of the Ottoman empire overextended the Safavid resources, so that the central government became increasingly inefficient. E) Like the Ottoman empire, the lack of a principle of succession led Abbas the Great to eliminate all capable rivals, leaving no capable ruler following his death. 9) 2

3 10) Which of the following statements concerning the relationships of the Muslim empires to the West is NOT accurate? 10) A) Key tax revenues and merchant profits were drained off by the rise of European trading empires in Asia. B) They failed to match the intellectual and material accomplishments of the West during this period. C) The absence of minority peoples within the empires left them without commercial and cultural contacts with the West. D) None of the Islamic emperors systematically monitored technological advances in Europe. E) Muslim scholars continued to take little interest in European learning. 11) The ultimate task of all the explorations launched by the Europeans from the fourteenth century onward was 11) A) perfecting European knowledge of navigation and astronomy. B) spreading knowledge of European civilization to Asia. C) establishing European political dominion over all of Asia. D) winning their long-standing competition with Islam. E) finding a sea link between Europe and the wealthy civilizations of Asia. 12) Whose voyages of exploration opened the way for the Europeans to the Indies? A) Vasco da Gama B) Christopher Columbus C) Francis Xavier D) Ferdinand Magellan E) Ponce de Leon 12) 13) Despite their armaments, what factor convinced the Europeans that they could make little headway against the kingdoms of Asia? 13) A) distance from European ports B) inferiority of European ships C) European lack of bullion D) armed resistance to European trade E) large populations of Asian kingdoms 14) What raw materials were the most highly valued exports in the Asian sea trading network? A) lumber B) spices C) fish D) iron E) ivory 14) 3

4 15) Which of the following products was NOT one of the products associated with the Chinese zone of the Asian sea trading network? 15) A) porcelain B) silk textiles C) spices D) paper E) cotton textiles 16) Which of the following was one of the crucial points in the Asian sea trading network where trade converged? 16) A) the straits of Malacca B) Sofala C)the mouth of the Huanghe River D) Canton E) the mouth of the Ganges River 17) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the Asian sea trading network, especially before the largescale arrival of Europeans? 17) A) The Chinese, as a result of their naval superiority, were able to secure military dominance of the system. B) There was no central control, and force was usually absent from commercial exchanges. C) The Chinese Empire kept the peace. D) The system functioned only so long as it was administered from the Ottoman empire with the tacit support of the Ming dynasty. E) The entire network was dominated by Arab merchants who worked in common cause to establish a monopoly of trade. 18) Which of the following was NOT a European contribution to the Asian sea trading network? A) a global flow of silver B) the addition of new routes, including the link to Europe around the Cape of Good Hope C) the establishment of new trading centers such as Goa, Calcutta, and Batavia D) the establishment of an exchange of new crops and diseases similar to the "Columbian Exchange" with the Americas E) the introduction of sea warfare into the Asian trade network 18) 4

5 19) Which of the following statements concerning Ming social organization is most accurate? A) Social roles were more flexible than before. B) Among the groups granted almost total freedom from the bonds of social status were the students seeking entry into the scholar-gentry. C) Under the continued influence of neo-confucian ideology, Ming society remained rigidly stratified with emphasis on deference of youth to elders and women to men. D) Occupational alternatives for women of all social levels dramatically expanded during the Ming era. E) The adoption of more Buddhist beliefs began to break down the strict patterns of deference that had been customary in Han and Song China. 19) 20) Which of the following was NOT a policy imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in the seventeenth century? 20) A) Christianity was banned and Christians were persecuted. B) The Japanese elite abandoned all contact with Western learning and technological advance. C) Foreign traders were confined to the island of Deshima in Nagasaki Bay. D) Western books were banned. E) Neo-Confucian philosophy gave way to the influence of thinkers who championed the school of "National Learning." 5

6 Answer Key Testname: READING QUIZ CH 21 1) A 2) A 3) D 4) E 5) A 6) E 7) A 8) A 9) E 10) C 11) E 12) A 13) E 14) B 15) E 16) A 17) B 18) D 19) C 20) B 6