Chapter 28. The Islamic Empires

Transcription

1 Chapter 28 The Islamic Empires

2 Things to take notice of Global commercialization/economy Syncretic religious practices (or lack thereof) Ways political power is used to legitimize rule Ways religious ideas are used to legitimize rule Ottoman treatment of non-muslim subjects Ottoman devshirme Ottoman and Mughal land empires

3 The Ottoman Empire Political Military Social Religious

4 History of the Ottomans Turkish Nomadic tribes Osman Bey Bursa Devshirme Constantinople World War I

5 Ottoman Military Devshirme Janissaries Capture of Constantinople 1453 Mehmed II ( ) Selim (the grim) ( ) Occupied Syria & Egypt Suleyman the (lawgiver/magnificent) Baghdad, to Vienna Barbarossa Pasha

6 Ottoman Political Organization Sultan Unbroken succession Fratricide Harem system Vizier s Tightly centralized Early years princes ruled provinces Later years princes were eliminated all rule centralized Absolute monarchy

7 Ottoman Social Structures Power to the Harem (you go girl!) Hurrem Sultana (Roxelana) Codification of laws Suleyman Kanuni Columbian exchange Tobacco, coffee Food not as important Resulted in less population growth

8 Ottoman Religion Ghazi Sufi s Rise of conservatism Wahhabi movement

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10 Checking For Understanding Using whiteboards answer briefly: Ottoman religion syncretic? Or no? Did the Ottomans embrace worldwide trade? What evidence supports your position? What practice ensured political power for the most powerful heir to the sultan? What was the religious concept was used to gain and hold political power for the Ottomans? What name was given to the Ottoman standing army? What policy did the Ottomans use for non-muslims? What group/empire/people were the greatest enemies of the Ottomans?

11 The Mughals - muahahaha Political power Religion Military

12 Mughal Empire Babur (the tiger) died 1530 Akbar tight, centralized rule Religiously tolerant Aurangzeb ( ) Imprisoned Jahan 1668 East India company

13 Mughal religion Islamic minority ruling over a Hindu majority Akbar Divine faith (emperor based) Syncretic blend of Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Islam Consolidated rule Banned slavery Promoted human rights So, what do you think? Is this a new syncretic religion, or political consolidation using a religious guise?

14 Checking For Understanding Using whiteboards answer briefly: Mughal religion syncretic? Or no? Did the Mughals embrace worldwide trade? What evidence supports your position? What practice(s) or concept(s) ensured political control? Did the Mughals maintain a standing army? How did the Mughals treat non-muslims? What group/empire/people were the greatest enemies of the Mughals?

15 Safavid Empire Political Military Social Religion

16 Safavid Empire ( ) Shah Ismail ( R ) Twelver Shiism (Shiite) Shah Abbas the Great (R ) Slave army European alliances Expansionist military policies Persian ruling style Isfahan capital city

17 Safavid Religion Twelver Shiism Allowed outlying Christian and Jewish communities (dhimmi) "In the 10th century," says Vali Nasr, "the 12th Shiite Imam went into occultation. Shiites believe God took him into hiding, and he will come back at the end of time. He is known as the Mahdi or the messiah. So in many ways the Shiites, much like Jews or Christians, are looking for the coming of the Messiah."

18 Ottoman/Safavid 2 centuries of Conflict Ottomans Sunni Janissaries Firearm/cannon technology Safavids Shia Qizilbash Traditional sword technology

19 Checking For Understanding Using whiteboards answer briefly: Safavid religion syncretic? Or no? Did the Safavid s embrace worldwide trade? What evidence supports your position? What was the religious concept was used to gain and hold political power for the Safavid s? What name was given to the Safavid standing army? What policy did the Safavid s use for non-muslims? What group/empire/people were the greatest enemies of the Safavid s?