1. What religious question did Martin Luther seek to answer? (What did he mean by saved?)

Transcription

1 World History I Mr. Horas The Protestant Reformation (RED BOOK) Reading #1 ( ) The Protestant Reformation Guiding Questions: 1. What religious question did Martin Luther seek to answer? (What did he mean by saved?) 2. Who was Erasmus? When and where did he live? Explain two of his criticisms of the Catholic Church. 3. Explain how Popes (leaders of the Catholic Church) as well as bishops and archbishops contributed to poor leadership of the Catholic Church. Main Idea: The Catholic Church, the only Christian Church in Western Europe in the early 1500s, had serious problems that created discontent among its followers. Background on the Reformation (435) Intro Luther s Question Erasmus 1. What religious question did Martin Luther seek to answer? (What did he mean by saved?) 2. Who was Erasmus? When and where did he live? Explain two of his criticisms of the Catholic Church. Erasmus: When & Where? 1. Critique #1: 2. Critique #2:

2 Church and Religion on the Eve of Reformation (436) Popes Clergy (Bishops & Archbishops) 3. Explain how Popes (leaders of the Catholic Church) as well as bishops and archbishops contributed to poor leadership of the Catholic Church. (Answer in a complete sentence.) 1. Popes: 2. Clergy Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany (437) 4. Who was Martin Luther? When and where did he live? What did he believe was necessary for personal salvation (to get to heaven)? 5. Who was Johann (John) Tetzel? Why did Martin Luther despise him? Why did Luther write his 95 theses? Martin Luther Johann Tetzel 95 Thesis Continued on the following page. 8

3 4. Who was Martin Luther? When and where did he live? What did he believe was necessary for personal salvation (to get to heaven)? (Answer in a complete sentence.) Martin Luther (Who, Where & When): Belief about salvation: 5. Who was Johann (John) Tetzel? Why did Martin Luther despise him? Why did Luther write his 95 theses? Tetzel: Why Luther despised him? 95 Theses: Influence of Politics and Religion on the German Reformation (439) 6. Explain two reasons Charles V (leader of the Holy Roman Empire in Germany) was unable to stop the spread of Lutheranism. 7. What was the Peace of Augsburg? Why did Charles V accept it? Who gained power to choose their religion? Francis I & Pope Clement VII Ottoman Turks & HRE Peace of Augsburg 6. Explain two reasons Charles V (leader of the Holy Roman Empire in Germany) was unable to stop the spread of Lutheranism. (Answer in a complete sentence.)

4 7. What was the Peace of Augsburg? Why did Charles V accept it? Who gained power to choose their religion? What? Why? Power? 10

5 World History I (Red Book) Reformation Reading #2 (Red Book) Reading #2: The Spread of the Protestant Reformation ( ) Main Idea: Following Martin Luther s lead, several other new Protestant Churches are formed in Europe because of disagreements with the Catholic Church The Reformation in Switzerland (440) (Calvinist Church) 1. Who was Ulrich Zwingli? When and where did he live? Why did he seek an alliance with Martin Luther? Why did his alliance fail? 2. Who was John Calvin? When and where did he live? Explain his belief in predestination. To where did his religion spread? Zwingli Zwingli s Alliance John Calvin Calvin s Beliefs 1. Who was Ulrich Zwingli? When and where did he live? Why did he seek an alliance with Martin Luther? Why did his alliance fail? (Answer in a complete sentence.) Zwingli: Where and When? Alliance & Failure: 2. Who was John Calvin? When and where did he live? Explain his belief in predestination. To where did his religion spread? John Calvin? Where and When? Predestination (tough one): Where spread: 11

6 The Reformation in England (443) (Anglican Church) 3. Who was Henry VIII? When and where did he live? Why didn t the pope grant him an annulment (divorce)? 4. What was the Act of Supremacy? What was one change Henry VIII made in his church? What was a change Edward VI enacted? King Henry VIII Pope Henry VIII & Edward VI s changes 3. Who was Henry VIII? When and where did he live? Why didn t the pope grant him an annulment (divorce)? Henry VIII: When and where? Pope? 4. What was the Act of Supremacy? What was one change Henry VIII made in his church? What was a change Edward VI enacted? Act of Supremacy? Henry VIII change? Edward VI change? Continued on the following page... 12

7 The Anabaptists (444) 5. Who were the Anabaptists? What did they dislike about Luther s church?? What were two beliefs (doctrines) that made their church unique? Anabaptists Dislike Luther s church Two Beliefs 5. Who were the Anabaptists? What did they dislike about Luther s church? What were two beliefs (doctrines) that made their church unique? Anabaptists Dislike? Belief #1: Belief #2: 13

8 World History (Red Book) Reformation Reading #3 Reading #3: The Social Impact & the Catholic Response (Pages ) Main Idea: The Protestant Reformation changed European society as well as the Catholic Church. The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation (445) 1. Explain one social and one religious change brought on by the Reformation? Social Change Religious Change 1. Explain one social and one religious change brought on by the Reformation? (Answer in a complete sentence.) Social: Religious: The Catholic (Counter) Reformation (447) 2. What was the Catholic (Counter) Reformation? How did the Jesuits, new popes and the Council of Trent contribute to fixing the Catholic Church? Catholic Reformation Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Reformed Papacy (popes) Who? Who? What? Council of Trent Change Change Change 14

9 2. What was the Catholic (Counter) Reformation? How did the Jesuits, new popes and the Council of Trent contribute to fixing the Catholic Church? (Answer in complete sentences.) Catholic Reformation: Jesuits: Popes: Council of Trent: After you read: What do you believe were the three most important changes brought on by the Reformation? 15

10 World History I Mr. Horas Martin Luther The Movie Most Europeans in the early 1500s were very religious. The Catholic Church, the only Christian church in Europe, had a great influence on the lives of these religious people. People believed the church s leaders (e.g. priests, bishops) had the power to determine where you would spend your afterlife, of major importance to a people who barely lived to the age of 40. This is the story of Martin Luther, the monk and reformer whose personal struggle set about significant changes for the Christian church. The film begins with Luther, the law student, pleading with God to spare his life in a thunderstorm and takes us on his spiritual journey from monk to his defiant 95 theses, to his trial in Worms, excommunication and translation of the Bible for the common people. As you watch the movie, take notes on the following guiding questions: 1. Who was Martin Luther? (Include when and where he lived.) 2. Make note of an interesting story about him. 3. Explain three reasons he is upset with the Catholic Church. 4. Describe three results of his decision to break with the Catholic Church (Focus on the longterm results. Background on Luther (When & Where lived) Why upset with Catholic Church Interesting story Three Long term results of his actions 3 After the movie: Luther is sometimes referred to as a rebel, genius, liberator, trouble-maker and revolutionary. Which word would you use to describe him? Why? 16

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12 World History I Mr. Horas The Spread of the Reformation If you had a product to sell, how would you market it (get the word out)? Who would be your target audience? Luther believed wholeheartedly in his message. In fact, he believed that the very spiritual health (eternal lives) of the people depended on his truth. How did Luther's message reach most people? Using our class sources, we will seek to answer three questions today: What was Luther s message to the people? How did he try and sell his ideas (convince you to join his church)? What medium (e.g. book, poster, song) did he use to get his message out? The Spread of the Reformation Source Luther s message? How trying to convince you? Medium? (On Back): Based on this activity and what you have read, how is it that Luther s church is successful? Give two reasons. 18

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