The Protestant Revolt and the Catholic Reformation

Transcription

1 The Protestant Revolt and the Catholic Reformation Chapter Five

2 Martin Luther posted a list on the door of his church in Wittenburg, Germany 95 things about the Roman Catholic Church that troubled him Ninety-Five Theses Protestant Revolt

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4 Early Criticisms People were finding fault with the Church Wrong doings of the Church Some criticized the Church s great wealth Others pointed to the Church s practice of selling high Church offices and putting friends and relatives into high positions

5 Simony - The buying and selling of Church offices Nepotism - Giving important Church jobs to friends and relatives Heretics - Those who disagreed with the teachings and practices of the Church Inquisition - A special Church court that was set up to hunt down heretics and bring them to trial.

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7 Inquisition Some were tortured into making confessions Some recanted and were allowed to do penance Some refused to recant and were burned at the stake

8 Martin Luther Starts It All Originally planned to become a lawyer Luther was walking down a street and a bolt of lightening hit a tree that he was near. He was knocked to the ground and when he awoke he decided to become a monk

9 Problems that Luther had with the Catholic Church Sale of Indulgences Indulgence - piece of paper that told a person his or her sins were forgiven. Had to confess and do penance Church s teaching that the way to heaven was through good works Luther - Faith was the way to salvation Luther denied the authority of the Pope

10 Luther was excommunicated Supported Luther German princes kept him hidden Wanted to take over vast lands controlled by the Church Objected to the huge amount of money that was sent to Rome each year in the form of tithes.

11 Luther and those who supported him became known as Protestants Lead to the founding of the Lutheran Church Spread to northern Germany and into Scandinavian countries.

12 The Protestant Revolt in Other Countries Switzerland Strict form of Protestantism John Calvin Doctrine of predistination belief that God predestines or decides who will be saved and who will be lost

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14 Calvin denounced the practice of dancing, card playing, and showy dress Spread across the world France - Huguenots England - Puritans Scotland - Presbyterians Massachusetts Bay - Congregational Church

15 Protestant Revolt in England Political issue King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine Pope does not approve (Clement VII) Henry broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and created the Church of England (Anglican Church)

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17 The Counter Reformation Roman Catholic Church took steps to correct the wrongs that had led Luther and other to leave. Catholic or Counter Reformation Began in 1545 Met in Trent, Italy wanted to keep the Church strong

18 Attacked the abuses with vigor Nepotism, Simony, and the selling of indulgences were forbidden Also forbidden - the habit of some of the clergy and other Church officials to marry. Church had overlooked other worldly pursuits on the part of priests and higher officials

19 Inquisition Making converts and rooting out heretics with great zeal. Strong in Italy and Spain

20 Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Founded in 1534 Ignatius Loyola Jesuits helped keep Poland, Belgium, and southern Germany from becoming Protestants Established schools and served as missionaries (Europe, Asia, Africa, Americans)

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22 Protestant sects treated non-believers and heretics just as harshly as the Inquisition Those who did not follow the official religion of a particular country was hunted down and persecuted.