The Reformation pious

Transcription

1 The Reformation As the intellectual freedoms of the Renaissance grew, many Christians lost confidence in the Catholic Church's ability to provide religious leadership. 1. The Babylonian captivity 2. The Great Schism 3. The Church s concern for worldly affairs, Lead many pious (Religious) churchmen to clamor for reforms in the church.

2 The Babylonian Captivity Philip I of France tries to tax the Church Pope orders Priest not to pay. King : calls the first Estate General, Kidnaps the Pope, Engineers a French Pope, Moves Papal office to Avignon in France

3 The Great Schism Pope in France dies and 2 popes are elected. One rules in France and another in Rome. Catholic council convinces French King to accept Italian Popes authority and end the Schism.

4 Calls for Catholic Church Reforms 1300 s 1400 s Europeans lose confidence in Rome's ability to provide Religious leadership. Pope and Church caught up in Worldly matters a. Costly wars to protect church lands b. Cost of pomp and splendor of Papal court and church ceremonies c. Increase cost= increase fees for Baptisms, Marriages, Funerals, =Indulgences

5 Luther s Challenge Many Catholics protest these practices. They do not protest against church doctrine, only the cost the reform movement splits the Catholic Church. Luther nails 95 thesis or letters on the door of the Wittenberg church.

6 The letters are printed and spread across Europe. Force Martin Luther to defend his statements. Luther expands his argument from simple income to questioning the Popes Authority Luther is Excommunicated! 1524 Peasant revolt to do away with serfdom and Feudal rent payments HRE Charles V tries to force Lutheran Princes back into the Catholic faith The Peace of Augsburg allows German Princes to choose their religion. The 95 Thesis

7 Luther s Teachings Faith Alone, Mans only hope was in the faith he has in the mercy of God The Bible was the only True guide and Judge for mankind The Bible should be made accessible to all people so that they could make their own judgments Luther also simplified Religious services Allowed Priest to marry

8 Others of the Reformation John Calvin : Switzerland, The Netherlands, and Southern France(Huguenots ) Predestination: The belief that men are chosen by God before they are born to be saved or lost s Calvinism goes to Scotland w/ John Knox. These Calvinist become known as the Puritans because they are looking to a purer religion. Antibaptist= did not believe in the Baptism of children.

9 Henry VIII of England Henry VIII: , takes control of the church in England out of the authority of the Pope and places control under the King. Married to Catherine of Aragon, she is unable of producing a male heir so The King ask Pope for an annulment. Pope Clement VII REFUSES! Henry breaks ties with Rome and in Henry requires the political and religious leadership in England sign the Act of Supremacy. Archbishop of Canterbury annuls marriage and King marries Anne Boleyn.

10 6 Wives of Henry VIII

11 Henry s Act of Supremacy Parliament recognizes a. Kings Marriage to Anne Bolyne b. King as head of the Church in England I. Church to follow Catholic doctrine w/ two changes. 1. Allows people to own and read their own Bibles. 2. Allows Priest to marry.

12 The Daughters of Henry VIII

13 The Tudor Monarchs Henry dies in 1547, leaving three children through 6 wives. A son Edward VI son of Jane Seymour, the Kings third wife. Protestant, Book of Common Prayer Mary I , Daughter of Catherine of Aragon. Known as Bloody Mary, A Catholic, she tries to bring England back to the church in Rome. She marries King Philip II of Spain. She leaves no heir when she dies.

14 Elizabeth of England Elizabeth = , Daughter of Anne Boleyn, Protestant, Last of the Tudor Monarchs. Adopted policy of religious compromise. She firmly established England as a protestant nation. At her death in 1603, England was a powerful member of Europe.

15 Defeat of the Spanish Armada During the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, England became very rich. They did that by hiring Pirates called Privateers to Steal from Spanish ships. The Spanish Gold and Silver was laundered in Dutch Banks! The Dutch were doing the same thing and using the Bank of England! The Dutch were also fiercely Protestant and when Spain ordered enforcement of laws against Protestantism.. The Dutch revolted!! The English cautiously supported the Dutch. In 1588, the Spanish moved against England. Using 22 Galleons and over 100 armed merchant vessels!!!

16 On August 8, 1588 the Spanish sailed through the English Channel and into the North sea. The mighty Spanish fleet was easily mauled the smaller, but faster English Navy. This forces them into the North Sea. While trying to regroup, the ships, which had to be tied together were caught up in a great storm, called the Protestant Wind this storm beat the ships together. Most were badly damaged others cut their ties and anchors and were scattered across the North sea. After the storm those that survived tried to get home by going north around Scotland and Ireland. Unfortunately, bad navigation caused their ships to be dashed on the rocky Irish coast! The Spanish sailors that survived took refuge in Scotland. This was the beginning of the end for Spanish dominance in Europe and The beginning of English Naval dominance that would last until 1945.

17 The Conclusion of The Reformation The Reformation shattered the Unity of European Christianity. Eventually, the Catholic Church waged its own reformation. Council of Trent: Reaffirmed traditional Catholic doctrine and reformed church policies. In its wake was a string of religious wars that would leave Europe divided Catholic and Protestant.

18 othe End! Until Next Time