Chapter 11: Cultural Contributions 775 B.C.-338 B.C.
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1 Chapter 11: Cultural Contributions 775 B.C.-338 B.C.
2 Religious Practices Each city-state worshiped its own gods Oracles- Greek priests and priestesses who were believed to speak with the gods Greeks went to oracles for a prophecy- a statement of what may happen in the future
3 Gods and Goddesses of Mt. Olympus Golden Age: 12 Gods and Goddesses Greeks believed in worth of the individual Built temples in honor of gods Inside the temple Statue of the god Altar in front of statue Greeks did not enter Worshiped outside temple, sign of respect
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5 Gods Goddess Zeus Apollo Ares Dionysus Hephaestus Hermes Poseidon Hera Artemis Aphrodite Athena Demeter
6 Zeus Hera Ruler of Mount Olympus King of the Gods God of the weather Protectress of marriage, children, and the home Wife of Zeus
7 Apollo God of the sun Patron of truth, archery music, medicine, and prophecy Ares God of war
8 Artemis Goddess of the moon Guardian of women Twin sister of Apollo Athena Goddess of wisdom Daughter of Zeus
9 Demeter Dionysus God of fertility, joyful life and hospitality Goddess of crops Giver of grain and fruit
10 Hephaestus Aphrodite God of fire and artisans Husband of Aphrodite Goddess of love and beauty
11 Hermes Poseidon God of orators, writers Protector of thieves God of the sea and earthquakes
12 The Ancient Olympics 776 BC -393 AD
13 Held every four years Held in Olympia to honor Zeus Olympia was not a town but a complex Stopped wars to participate in Olympics
14 Olympic Participants Came from Greece and Greek colonies Individual men competed Women were not allowed to watch
15 Olympic Events Chariot Race: occurred in the Hippodrome- an oval tack with grandstands around it
16 Boxing Pancratium: boxing-wrestling combination Pentathlon: five events- running, jumping, discus, javelin, wrestling
17 Olympic winners were heroes PERKS: Parades, stories, free meals Herodotus- Father of History Olympiads- Four-year periods between events 776 BC, the first Olympics, marks the first recorded date in Greek History
18 The Theater Grew out of festivals given in honor of Dionysus Soliloquy- talk in which personal thoughts and feelings are expressed to the audience Aeschylus created the first play
19 Types of Plays Soliloquy- A talk in which personal thoughts and feelings are expressed to the audience Tragedy- stories about suffering Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides Comedy- play with a happy ending
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21 Plays were only performed at festivals Men performed, women could only watch Each actor had a mask and canvas Everyone was admitted Wealthy citizens were assigned plays to perform by polis official
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24 Section 2: Greek Contribution of Science
25 Philosophia- The love of wisdom Placed great importance on intellect- the ability to learn and reason
26 Socrates ( BC) People discovered truth by searching Taught people to think using questions known as Wealth does not bring goodness, but goodness brings wealth and every blessing
27 Accused of corrupting youth, denying gods, and trying to overthrow the government Found guilty by jury of 500 citizens Drank poisonous hemlock juice Athenians regretted decision and built a bronze statue in his honor
28 Plato ( BC) Recorded speeches by Socrates before his death Set up school in grove named after Academus The Academy lasted 900 years Wrote first ever book on political science, the study of government, called The Republic
29 Aristotle ( BC) Pupil of Plato Called Master of them that know First to classify animals and plants; used today Added third step to scientific method, Stated that a hypothesis, a possible outcome, must be tested Used logic, the science of reasoning to develop the syllogism,
30 Syllogism Socrates is an Athenian Athenians are Greeks Therefore, Socrates is Greek
31 Discoveries and Inventions Natural events are not caused by the way the gods behaved Thales of Miletus created first two steps of scientific method and predicted a solar eclipse
32 Hippocrates ( BC): Father of Scientific Medicine Traveled Greece diagnosing illnesses and curing people Hippocratic Oath- Doctors are to honor their teachers, never give poisons, do their best for the sick, and keep their secrets
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