SYLLABUS AND SEMESTER PATTERN SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR UNDER GRADUATE LEVEL BACHELOR OF ARTS (B.A.) IN

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1 SYLLABUS AND SEMESTER PATTERN SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR UNDER GRADUATE LEVEL BACHELOR OF ARTS (B.A.) IN ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, CULTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY RASHTRASANT TUKADOJI MAHARAJ NAGPUR UNIVERSITY, NAGPUR

2 Content 1. 1T1 (R&E) Brief on Semester I (for Regular and External Pg. No Students) T2 (R&E)Brief on Semester II(for Regular and External Students) T3 (R)Brief on Semester III (for regular students) T4 (R)Brief on Semester IV (for regular students) T3 (E)Brief on Semester III (for External students) T4 (E)Brief on Semester IV (for External students) T5 (R)Brief on Semester V (for regular students) T6 (E)Brief on Semester VI (for regular students) Brief on Semester V (for External students) Brief on Semester VI (for External students) Detail on Semester I Detail on Semester II Detail on Semester III (for regular students) Detail on Semester IV (for regular students) Detail on Semester III (for External students) Detail on Semester IV (for External students) Detail on Semester V (for regular students) Detail on Semester VI (for regular students) Detail on Semester V (for External students) Detail on Semester VI (for External students). 21 1

3 B. A. I SEMESTER I 1T1 (R&E) Political and Cultural History of Ancient India (from 6 th C. B.C to 3 rd C. A.D.) UNIT I: Geographical Background of Ancient Indian Sub-Continent, Sources of Indian History, Foreign Sources. UNIT II: Vedic Age, Rise of the Magadh Empire, Foreign Invasion, Mauryan Dynasty. UNIT III: Sunga, Kanva, Andhras (Satvahanas) UNIT IV: Indo-Greeks, Saka-Shatrap, Kushana Dynasty SEMESTER II 1T2 (R&E) Political and Cultural History of Ancient India (from 4 th C. B.C to 13 th C. A.D.) UNIT I: Gupta Dynasty, Vakatak Dyanasty, The Huns, The Harshavardhan and his times UNIT II: The Rajput Period, Pala, Prtihars, Kalachuris, Chandellas, Chauhanas, Paramars UNIT III: Pallava, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta, Cholas, Yadavas, Chera and Pandya UNIT IV: Political Condition of India on the eve of Muslim Invasion. 2

4 B. A. II (for Regular Students) SEMESTER III 1T3 (R) Indian Culture SYLLABAUS OF B.A. IN SEMESTER PATTERN UNIT I: Pre-history of India. UNIT II: Proto-history of India UNIT III: Iron Age of India UNIT IV: Ganga Valley Civilization (Second Civilization) SEMESTER IV 1T4 (R) Fundamental of Indian Archaeology UNIT I: History of Archaeology, Definition, nature and scope of Archaeology. UNIT II: Exploration and Excavation. UNIT III: Relations of Archaeology with other Sciences UNIT IV: Dating methods (Absolute and Relative) 3

5 B. A. II (for External Students) SEMESTER III 1T3 (E) Ancient Indian Polity and Socio-Economic History UNIT I: State, Origin and Development of Kinship, Sabha, Samiti and Mantriparishad. UNIT II: Judicial system, Varnashrama system. UNIT III: Sixteen Samskaras, System of Education. UNIT IV: Labour and Slavery, Status of Women SEMESTER IV 1T4 (E) Ancient Indian Polity and Socio-Economic History UNIT I: Family system, Food, dress, ornaments. UNIT II: Agriculture, Trade and Commerce. UNIT III: Guilds and Industries UNIT IV: Weights, Measures and Mediums of Exchange. 4

6 B. A. III (for Regular Students) SEMESTER V 1T5 (R) Indian Art UNIT I: Introduction of Indian Art UNIT II: Introduction of Indian Architecture, Stupa, Rock-Cut Caves UNIT III: Temple Architecture UNIT IV: Introduction of Iconography SEMESTER VI 1T6 (R) Numismatics, Epigraphy and Palaeography UNIT I: Origin and Development of Coinage, Punched Mark Coins, Indo- Greek Coins, Saka Coins UNIT II: Satavahan Coins, Kushanas Coins, Gupta Coins UNIT III: Origin of Brahmi Scripts, Kharoshti Scripts, Mauryan Brahmi UNIT IV: Dating and Eras, Writing Material, Inscriptions 5

7 B. A. III (for External Students) SEMESTER V 1T5 (E) An Introduction to Indian Culture and Archaeology UNIT I: Introduction to Indian Religion and Philosophy. UNIT II: History of World Religion (Comparative Religion). UNIT III: Introduction to Anthropology, Studies in Material Culture. UNIT IV: Disposal of the Dead- Philosophy and Methods. SEMESTER VI 1T6 (E) Arts, Numismatics, Epigraphy and Palaeography UNIT I: Fundamentals of Indian Art, Ancient Indian Architecture UNIT II: Fundamentals of Indian Numismatics, Indian Epigraphy and Paleography UNIT III: Understanding Traditional Knowledge Systems, Understanding India s Living Traditions. UNIT IV: Ancient Indian Folklore, History of Indian Literature 6

8 SEMESTER I Political and Cultural History of Ancient India (from 6 th C. B.C to 3 rd C. A.D.) UNIT I: 1. Geographical Background of Ancient Indian Sub-Continent: Vastness, well defined geographical unit, diversity in the fertility land, climatic diversity, natural resources and minerals, unity in diversity. 2. Sources of Indian History, Foreign Sources: Literary Sources: Hindu Religious texts, Buddhist religious text, Jaina religious texts, secular and historical literature, descriptions left by Greek and Roman travelers, Chinese travelers accounts, Tibetan historian account, Muslim sources. 3. Archaeological Sources: Inscriptions, Coins, Architecture, Sculpture, Paintings and other archaeological antiquities. UNIT II: 1. Vedic Age: Aryans and their original home, Aryan expansion in India, Political, Social, Economic and Religious condition of Aryans. Rise of the Magadh Empire: Political condition of India in Pre-Mauryan period, 16 Mahajanpada. 2. Foreign Invasion: Persian invasion, Political condition of India on the eve of Alexander s invasion, Indian campaign of Alexander, Alexander s Retreat, Alexander s Invasion. 3. Mauryan Dynasty: Sources of Mauryan dynasty, origin and early life of Chandra Gupta Maurya, Administrative system under the Mauryans, Character and achievements of Chandra Gupta Maurya, Megasthnese on affairs under Chandra Gupta Maurya, Kautilya s Arthashastra, Bindusara, Life and accession of Ashoka, Kalinga war, Ashoka s relations with 7

9 Buddhism Ashoka and propagation of Buddhism, Administration of Ashoka, Social-economic and religious conditions under Mauryan times, Successors of Ashoka, Downfall of Mauryan empire. UNIT III: 1. Sunga: Origin, history and importance of the Sungas. 2. Kanva: Kanva rulers. 3. Andhras (Satvahanas): Satvahanas or Andhras, Original home of Satvahanas, Important kings of Satvahana dynasty, Condition of India under Satvahana dynasty (social, political and economical). UNIT IV: 1. Indo-Greeks: Indo-Greek rule in India, Indo-Parthians. 2. Saka-Shatrap: Origin and rise of Saka, Rudradaman, Northern Saka- Satrap, Western Saka-Shatraps, Nahapan. 3. Kushana Dynasty: History of Kushanas upto the accession of Kanishka, date of Kanishka s accession, character and achievements of Kanishka, transformation of Buddhism, Successors of Kanishka, contribution of Kushana to the Indian society. 8

10 SEMESTER II Political and Cultural History of Ancient India (from 4 th C. B.C to 13 th C. A.D.) UNIT I: 1. Gupta Dynasty: Sources of Gupta history, chief features of Gupta period, origin and growth of the Guptas, Smaudra Gupta s accession, conquests and policy, Samudra Gupra as an Indian Napoleon, Character and achievements of Samudra Gupta, Rama Gupta, Chandra Gupta II, Fa- Hien s Description of India, Reign of Kumar Gupta, Skanda Gupta, Later Gupta rulers, Downfall of the Gupta empire, Political, social, economic and religious conditions during Gupta Age, Cultural and literary achievements of Gupta emperors. 2. Vakataka Dynasty: Origin of Vakataka dynasty, sources, rulers of Vakataka dynasty, matrimonial alliances with Gupta dynasty. 3. The Huns: Hun invasion and its effects, Toramana, Raja Mihirkula, Defeat of Mihirkula, Fall of Hunas. The Harshavardhana and his times: Political condition before Harsha, sources of Harsha s reign, career and achievements of Harsha, Harsha as a ruler and administrator, religious and cultural activities of Harsha, social, economic and religious conditions under Harsha. UNIT II: 1. The Rajput Period: Origin of Rajput, Civilization and culture of Rajputs. 2. Pala: Rise of the Palas and estimate of their achievements. 3. Gurjara-Prtihars, Kalachuris, Chandellas, Paramars. 9

11 UNIT III: 1. Pallava: Origin of the Pallavas, Rise of the Pallavas, Art and Literature under the Pallavas, Rashtrakuta: Rashtrakuta, their political and cultural achievements 2. Chalukya: Origin and rise of Chalukya kingdom, Chalukya of Badami, Cholas: Rise of Chola, Rulers of Chola dynasty, administration under Chola, art and architecture under Chola 3. Yadavas, Chera and Pandya UNIT IV: 1. Political Condition of India on the eve of Muslim Invasion, Rise of Islam. 2. Muslim conquest, Rise and fall of the Ghaznavides. 3. Early career of Muhammad Ghori or Muhammad Ghur Books Recommended: English 1. Allchin, B and F, R. Allchin, 1982: The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, Oxford University Press, London. 2. Basham, A. L The Wonder that was India, Rupa Books New Delhi (Reprint). 4. Majumdar, R.C. (Ed.) 1988 History and culture of Indian People, Vol. I- VII, BVB Publications, (Reprint). 3. Gupta, P.L. 2003, Coins, Vishvavidyalaya Prakashan, Varanasi. (English and Hindi). 5. Majumdar, R.C. Ancient Indian Colonies in Far East. Vol.I Champa. Lahore, Vol. II Suvarnadvipa and Suvarnabhumi. Decca, Mukherji, Radhakamal, The Culture and Art of India, George Allen &Unwin, London. 7. Panikkar, K.M. 1959, Geographical Factors in Indian History. Bombay. 8. Jha, D.N. 1998, Ancient India. Delhi. 10

12 9. H. C. Roychoudhary, Political History of Ancient India 10. R.C. Majumdar (Ed.), The age of imperial Unity 11. Romlia Thaper, History of India 12. K.A. Nikantha Shastri, History of South India 13. Afif, Shamsiraj, Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi (Translated by Vilayat Husain, 1891). 14. Amir Ali, The Spirit of Islam. 15. Elliot and Dowson, History of India as told by its own Historians, 8 vols. 16. Iswari Prasad, Medieval India. 17. Gabrieli, Francesco, Mohammad and the Conquest of Islam. 18. Habib Mohd. And K. A. Nizami (Ed): A comprehensive History of India, Vol. V, The Delhi Sultanat, Delhi, Hindi 19. Pandey, V.C., Prachina Bharata, (Hindi). Publication Division (Compiled by), Ministry for Information and Broadcasting, 2005, Prachina Bharata, (Hindi). 20. Majumdar, R.C., Pracheen Bharat, Munshiram Manoharlal. 21. Vajpeyi, Krushnadatta and Vimalchandra Pandey, History of Ancient India. 22. Gupta, Nathulal, 1979, Vidarbha ka Sanskritik Ithihaas, Nagpur. 23. Yajdani, G., Daccan Ka Prachin Ithihaas, New Delhi. Marathi 24. Dhavalikar, M.K. et.al., Prachina Bharatiya Itihasachi Sanskriti. 25. Dikshit, Ancient Indian History. 26. Paanse, M. G. Yadvakaalin Maharashtra. 27. Mirashi, V. V., 1957, Vakataka Nrupati Va tyancha Kal, Nagpur 28. Mirashi, V. V., 1969, Satvahana ani Pashimi Shatrapancha Itihaas ani Koriv Lekh, Mumbai 29. Meshram, P. S., 1993, Vidarbhatil Baudh Dhammacha Itihaas, Nagpur 11

13 SEMESTER III (For Regular Students) Indian Culture SYLLABAUS OF B.A. IN SEMESTER PATTERN UNIT I: 1. Pre-history of India: History of Human Evolution, Palaeo- Environment. 2. Palaeolithic Culture (Upper, Middle and lower). 3. Mesolithic culture, Neolithic Culture. UNIT II: 1. Proto-history of India: Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Culture, Deccan Chalcolithic. 2. Pre and Early Harappan Culture, Harappan Culture. 3. Ochre Coloured Pottery and Copper Hoards, important excavated sites UNIT III: 1. Iron Age of India: Early Iron Age settlement in North and North-West India. 2. Megalithic Culture (Vindhyan, Vidarbha and South India) 3. Painted Grey Ware and Northern Black Polished Ware Cultures. UNIT IV: 1. Vedic Age: Archaeology of Ganga Valley Civilization (lower, middle and upper). 2. Important excavated sites: Bhimbetaka, Kalibanga, Dholavira, Atranjikhera, Kaushambi, Adam, Brahmagiri, Pauni, Arikamedu, etc. 12

14 SEMESTER IV (For Regular Students) Fundamental of Indian Archaeology UNIT I: 1. History of Archaeology: Brief discussion on the origin of Archaeology and rise of archaeology in India: Foundation of the Indological Studies Sir William Jones Establishment of Asiatic Society James Prinsep- Alexander Cunningham Robert Bruce Foote John Marshall Mortimer Wheeler Post Independence era. 2. Definition, nature and scope of Archaeology with multidisciplinary approach. 3. Brief review of the development of archaeology in India, Archaeology and the Public Awareness: Threats, damage, negligence, greed for land and wanton destruction, vandalism, etc to the cultural heritage. UNIT II: 1. Exploration: Aims and objectives of archaeological exploration, Determination of archeological data, type of site, selection of site, on site investigation, field walking, map reading, aerial photography, ground penetrating radar, magnetometer, satellite imagery etc. 2. Excavation: Aims and objective of Excavations, Excavation types, datum point, test pit, vertical excavation, horizontal excavation, quadrant method, archaeological stratigraphy, archaeological recording, photography, documentation. 3. Introduction of pottery, Pottery is the ABCD of Archaeology. 13

15 UNIT III: 1. Relations of Archaeology with other Sciences: Relation of Archaeology with social Sciences like Anthropology, Sociology, Geography, History, Economics, Political Science, Linguistics and Literature etc. 2. Relation of Archaeology with sciences like Chemistry, Physics, Botany, Zoology etc. UNIT IV: 1. Dating methods: Methods of Relative dating: Historical dating, typology, geological time scale, varves, pollen analysis, stratigraphy, geochronology. 2. Absolute dating techniques: Radio-carbon dating, Potassium argon method, Thermoluminescence, dendrochronology, Fission track dating. Books Recommended English 1. R.E.M. Wheeler, Archaeology from Earth. 2. K.M. Srivastava, New Era of Indian Archaeology. 3. D.P. Agrawal Dating the Past. 4. H.D. Sankalia Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan, D.P. Agrawal, The Archaeology of India, B.B. Lal, S.P. Gupta Frontiers of the Indus Civilization, Allchin, Bridget and Raymond, Origins of Civilization 14

16 8. Bell, J. 1994, Reconstructing Prehistory: Scientific Method in Archeology, Philadelphia: Temple University. 9. Binford, L. R In Pursuit of the Past: Decoding the Archaeological Record. London: Thames and Hudson. 10. Chakrabarti, D. K A History of Indian Archaeology: From the Beginning to 1947, New Delhi: Mushiram Manoharlal. 11. Daniel Glyn, The Origins and Growth of Archaeology 12. Mishra, F. M. Researches in Archaeology and Conservation 13. Paddyya, K., New Archaeology and its Aftermath Hindi 14. Pandey, Jainarayan, Puratattva Vimarsha, Allhabad 15. Mortimer Wheeler, Prithvi se Puratattva, New Delhi Marathi 16. S. B Deo, Puratattva Vidya, Nagpur. 17. M. K. Dhavlikar, Puratattva Vidya, Mumbai. 15

17 SEMESTER III (For External Students) SYLLABAUS OF B.A. IN SEMESTER PATTERN Ancient Indian Polity and Socio-Economic History UNIT I: State, Origin and Development of Kinship, Sabha, Samiti and Mantriparishad. UNIT II: Judicial system, Varnashrama system. UNIT III: Sixteen Samskaras, System of Education. UNIT IV: Labour and Slavery, Status of Women SEMESTER IV (For External Students) Ancient Indian Polity and Socio-Economic History UNIT I: Family system, Food, dress, ornaments. UNIT II: Agriculture, Trade and Commerce. UNIT III: Guilds and Industries UNIT IV: Weights, Measures and Mediums of Exchange. Books Recommended: English 1. Altekar, A. S., State and Government in Ancient India, Drekmeier, C., Kingship and Community in Early India,

18 3. Jayaswal, K. P., Hindu Polity, Sharma, J. P., Republics in Ancient India, Sharma, R.S., Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, Sharma, R.S. 1983, Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India. Delhi. 7. Thapar, R. 1984, From Lineage to State. Delhi. 8. P. N. Prabhu : Hindu Social Organization. 9. S. K. Maity : The Economic Life of Northern India in the Gupta Period. 10. L. Gopal : Economic Life of Northern India. 11. D.R.Das : Economic History of the Deccan. Hindi: 12. Jain, Kailasha Chandra, Prachina Bharatiya Samajika evam Arthik Samshthayen. 13. Mishra, Jaishankar, Prachina Bhartiya Samaja. 14. Sharan, Parmatma, Pracheen Bharat mein Rajneetik Vicharevam Sansthayen, Minakshi Prakashan, Meerut. Marathi: 15. Dikshit, S.K., Prachina Bhartiya Sanskruti. 17

19 SEMESTER V (for Regular Students) Indian Art UNIT I: 1. Introduction of Indian Art: Sculpture Art of Harappa, Maurya, Sunga, Kushana (Gandhar Art), Satavahana, Gupta (Mathura Art), Vakataka and Post Gupta period. 2. Terracottas, Bronzes, Paintings (Ajanta, Badami and Bagh). UNIT II: 1. Introduction of Indian Architecture, 2. Stupa: Introduction and origin of Stupa, Basic features, important stupa 3. Rock-Cut Caves: Introduction and origin of rock cut architecture, basic features, Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain sites. UNIT III: 1. Introduction of Temple Architecture: Nagara, Dravid and Vesara 2. Temples in the time of Gupta-Vakataka 3. Temples in South India, Orissa, Central India and Western India UNIT IV: 1. Introduction of Iconography: Definition, Scope, importance. 2. Origin of Iconography and its Sources. 3. Iconometry, Introduction of some of the images of Brahmanical, Buddhist and Jaina images. 18

20 SEMESTER VI (for Regular Students) Numismatics, Epigraphy and Palaeography UNIT I: 1. Coin is a Source of history, Origin and Antiquity of Coinage in India, Technique of manufacture, metrology. 2. Punched Mark Coins, Local coins, Tribal Coins 3. Indo-Greek Coins, Saka Coins. UNIT II: 1. Coinage of Satavahan. 2. Coinage of Kushanas. 3. Coinage of Imperial Guptas. UNIT III: 1. Origin of Brahmi Scripts. 2. Origin of Kharoshti Scripts. 3. Evolution and development of Mauryan Brahmi. UNIT IV: 1. Dating and Eras: Saka era 2. Writing Material: Stone, Tadpatra, Bhurjapatra. 3. Important Inscriptions: Ashoka Inscription Rumindei, Girnar, Hatigumpha inscription of Khavela, Ara inscription of Kanishka II, Naneghat inscription of Nagnika, Junagad inscription of Rudradaman, Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta, Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta, Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin II. 19

21 Recommended Books: English: 1. Pramod Chandra, Studies in Indian Temple Architecture, Krishna Deva, Temples of India. Vol.I and II, Aryan Books International, New Delhi V.S. Agrawal, Indian Art. Prithvi Prakashan, Varanasi D.C. Sircar, Indian Epigraphy, 1984, Motilal Banarasida, Delhi. 5. Rajbali Pandey, Indian Palaeography, 1984, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi. 6. D.C. Sircar Studies in Indian Coins,1968, Motilal Banarasidas Delhi. 7. J. Allen, Catalogue of the Coins of Ancient India, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi. 8. Krishna Deva, 1997, Temples of North India, National Book Trust, India. 9. Kiran Kumar Thaplyal, Prashant Srivastava, Coins of Ancient India, Bharat Books Centre, Lucknow. Hindi: 18. Upadhyay, Vasudeo, Bharatiya Mudrayen, (Hindi). 19. G.H. Oza, Bharatiya Prachina Lipimala (Hindi) 1959, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi. 20. K. D. Bajpeyi, Bhartiya Vastukala Ka Itihaas, Delhi 21. A. M. Shastri, Ajanta, Delhi. 22. M. S. Mate, Prachin Bhartiya Kala, Nagpur. Marathi: 23. Gokhale, Shobhana, Purabhilekha Vidya, (Marathi). 24. Dhavalikar, M.K., Prachina Bharatiya Nanak Shastra, (Marathi). 20

22 SEMESTER V (for External Students) SYLLABAUS OF B.A. IN SEMESTER PATTERN An Introduction to Indian Culture and Archaeology UNIT I: Introduction to Indian Religion and Philosophy. UNIT II: History of World Religion (Comparative Religion). UNIT III: Introduction to Anthropology, Studies in Material Culture. UNIT IV: Disposal of the Dead- Philosophy and Methods. SEMESTER VI Arts, Numismatics, Epigraphy and Palaeography UNIT I: Fundamentals of Indian Art, Ancient Indian Architecture UNIT II: Fundamentals of Indian Numismatics, Indian Epigraphy and Paleography UNIT III: Understanding Traditional Knowledge Systems, Understanding India s Living Traditions. UNIT IV: Ancient Indian Folklore, History of Indian Literature 21

23 Books Recommended: English: 1. Mahajan, Malati, Development of Material Culture in India, Sundeep Prakashan. 2. R. E. M. Wheeler, Archaeology from Earth. 3. K. M. Srivastava, New Era of Indian Archaeology. 4. D. P. Agrawal Dating the Past. 5. H. D. Sankalia Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan, D. P. Agrawal, The Archaeology of India, B. B. Lal, S. P. Gupta Frontiers of the Indus Civilization, Pramod Chandra, Studies in Indian Temple Architecture, Krishna Deva, Temples of India. Vol.I and II, Aryan Books International, New Delhi V.S. Agrawal, Indian Art. Prithvi Prakashan, Varanasi D.C. Sircar, Indian Epigraphy, 1984, Motilal Banarasida, Delhi. 12. Rajbali Pandey, Indian Palaeography, 1984, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi. 13. D.C. Sircar Studies in Indian Coins,1968, MotilalBanarasidas Delhi. 14. J. Allen, Catalogue of the Coins of Ancient India, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi. Hindi: 15. G. H. Oza, Bharatiya Prachina Lipimala (Hindi) 1959, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi. 16. Krishna Deva, 1997, Temples of North India, National Book Trust, India. 17. Upadhyay, Vasudeo, Bharatiya Mudrayen, (Hindi). Marathi: 18. Gokhale, Shobhana, Purabhilekha Vidya, (Marathi). 19. Dhavalikar, M.K., PrachinaBharatiya Nanak Shastra, (Marathi). 22