French Revolution. French Society Divided Constitutional Government 1 st Republic Napoleon s Empire Peace in Europe

Transcription

1 French Revolution French Society Divided Constitutional Government 1 st Republic Napoleon s Empire Peace in Europe

2

3 French Society Divided

4 I. L Ancien Régime Three estates determined a person's legal rights & status cause of tension 1. Clergé 2. Noblesse 3. Tiers-Etat

5 French Society Divided

6 Growing Unrest Why did Louis XVI help the colonies rebel? What was the effect of his helping us on France? 2:02

7 Growing Unrest 1. Why did Louis XVI call together the Estates-General? 2. Why did the 3 rd estate think it was unfair? 3. Who was NOT paying taxes? 4. What was the goal of the deputies at the Tennis Court? 5. What big change occurred?. 5:15

8 Third Estate called for a joint meeting of three estates, w/ each delegate voting as an individual instead of each estate having one vote. Etats-Generaux

9 Calling Estates Toger representatives of Third Estate renamed National Assembly. Fearing trouble, king ordered first two estates to join Third Estate in National Assembly.

10 A Call to Revolt Storming of Bastille Great Fear

11 What did the people of Paris do to the Bastille? What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man say? How did sovereignty of France change at this moment? A Call to Revolt

12 End of Old Order Declaration of Rights of Man & of Citizen

13 La nuit du 4 aout August 4, 1789 = voted to end privileges: nobles agreed that all male citizens could hold govt, army, or church office.

14 1. Why was the mob of women so mad? 2. Why would anyone be scared of these ladies? 3. What did Louis XVI agree to as a result of the mob at his doorstep? 4. Why did they demand he move to Paris? Fin de l ancien régime

15 new constitution 1791 new constitution keeping monarchy but limiting royal powers Voters = males who paid a minimum tax.

16 Constitution of 1791 guaranteeing basic rights creating a limited monarchy freed from power of Church & nobles.

17 Chute de la monarchie June 1791 Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette disguise flee recognized, arrested, & returned to Paris, reluctantly accepted limited monarchy.

18 Decline of Monarchy French emigrés plot abroad

19 Decline of Monarchy fearing Austria would try to reinstate Louis, declared war on Austria in Prussia & Sardinia soon entered fray on side of Austria.

20 Decline of Monarchy War = total upheaval radicals attacked king's palace, took over Assembly, called for a new constitution extended vote to all males.

21 La Convention The army of the Duke of Brunswick threatens Paris 1. How does Paris react to his threat? 2. What does Robespierre think is necessary to start the new Republic? 3. Who are the sans-culottes?

22 III. Decline of Monarchy, 1792-on 1. Why did law & order break down? 2. Who are the moderates who want to work with the king? 3. Who are the radicals that want no king? 4. What were the 3 jobs of the Public Safety Committee? (Comité du Salut Publique)

23 National Convention 1. Why are so many in the Paris jail? 2. How does Danton help the war effort? 3. Why did Marat write an article suggesting slaughter of the inmates? 4. What was the effect outside France when they found out about the September Slaughter? 5. What was Robespierre s solution to the wild situation?

24 La mort du roi In January 1793, having been convicted of conspiring "against liberty of nation," Louis = beaded on guillotine. In days that followed, republican enthusiasm swept country.

25 Death of a King

26 Aux armes les citoyens! 1793 monarchs of Great Britain, Netherlands, Spain, & Sardinia joined those of Austria & Prussia in an alliance against France.

27 Spreading Revolution France's leaders = determined to overthrow royalty everywhere; Danton, called upon French forces to expand France's territories to their natural frontiers.

28 La comité du salut publique French Committee on Public Safety, which directed war effort, adopted conscription & called upon skills & resources of all civilians

29 Problems at the Home Front civil war in western France food shortages Girondists & Jacobins traded accusations. Jacobins won control of Convention arrested Girondist delegates.

30 La terreur 1. Why did they suspend rights? 2. What was the purpose of the Terror? 3. What are some examples of the crazy paranoia of this time?

31 During Reign of Terror, Committee of Public Safety ruled France, & Robespierre ruled Committee. Reign of Terror

32 Reign of Terror Committee went about setting up a "Republic of Virtue," by which it meant a democratic republic made up of good citizens.

33 Reign of Terror After Robespierre accused Danton & supporters of treason & had m executed, or leaders of revolution had Robespierre executed. Danton (1983)

34 1. What ends the terror? 2. What are the 2 extremes they try to avoid? 3. What is your answer to the question posed here: How much violence is justified for a new society? 4. What does the narrator mean when he says the ghost of Robespierre hangs over other revolutions? Fin e la Révolution

35 Fin de Robespierre After Robespierre's death, Jacobins lost power & Terror came to an end. By mid-1794, many ppl even favored a restoration of monarchy.

36 1795 new constitution govt controlled by wealthy middle class. Directory ruled w/ a two-house legislature. V. Directory

37 Directory 1795 to 1799 used army to put down uprisings by both royalists & radicals. inept in their handling of finances ppl want army to save France from ruin.

38 Crash Course