4.6 Execution of Louis XVI and Reign of Terror

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1 4.6 Execution of Louis XVI and Reign of Terror

2 I. Peasants fear violence from nobles A. Did this happen? No Great Fear Sweeps France B. What did happen? Peasants became outlaws. The king prepares an army to take control II. Peasants marched to Versailles and demanded King and Queen come to Paris They did. Also happening III. Women March to Versailles Infuriated women walked 12 miles in the rain to Versailles, angry with the Royal Court s extravagance.

3 The King and Queen Arrive in Paris

4 After two years of signing laws for the National Assembly, Louis wants to get help from foreign lands so, Louis XVI tries to escape to the Netherlands (or Austria) BUT is caught by postmaster at near French border and the Royal Family is returned to Paris

5 The King and Queen Arrive in Paris

6 Once back in Paris, Louis and family act like they are supporting the Revolution Marie has been sending letters to Austria War breaks out between France and Austria Louis and Marie are seen as traitors!! Frenchmen go crazy and attack Louis is stripped of power and family is put in jail Louis Plot

7 Despite Gains, Fear Persists Upon returning, French mobs attack King because he was aligned with foreigners. With war problems abroad, mobs feared he would re-establish control. What happens? Attack of Monarchy in Prison & 1,000 people die. Radicals Assert Control Jacobin Club removes the King and establishes a republic New Government = National Convention Abolishes Monarchy Tries King Louis XVI Finds him Guilty

8 King Louis XVI Executed Off with his head

9 Guillotine - Head chopping machine created by a doctor to be a more humane way to kill people yes, a doctor!

10 The Guillotine Supporters said it was: Efficient More humane No pain Opponents said it: It was too quick to be enjoyed by public Rather pull victims apart by horses; broken on a wheel

11

12 Louis XVI as a Pig Actual cartoon of the time! c c To some, the king was a traitor. Others felt that the Revolution had gone far enough and didn t want to execute the king [maybe exile him].

13 Marie Antoinette as a Serpent Actual cartoon of the time! The Widow Capet

14 Raising An Army Robespierre was able to raise an army of 800,000 citizen soldiers - the biggest army ever assembled in Europe. and Executing the Queen October 16, 1793

15 Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

16 Marie Antoinette Died in October, 1793

17 The Reign of Terror The political group the Jacobin Club forms the Committee of Public Safety is was led by Maximillian Robespierre. Their objective: wipe out France s monarchy in both present and past How? Execute the unpatriotic : between 20,000-40,000 are killed Removed monarchy from playing cards Removed Sundays from calendars Closed Church on Sunday Trial and execution on the same day 85% killed were common peasants who supposedly benefited from the Revolution Maximilien Robespierre

18 The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Let terror be the order of the day! Robespierre c The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 victims in 15 months. c The total number of victims nationwide was over 20,000!

19 Different Social Classes Executed 8% 7% 28% 25% 31%

20 People had grown tired of the Terror, were angry at rising food prices, and Robespierre s new ideas/changes also Fellow radicals fearing their own lives and positions turn on Robespierre and kill him so End of the Terror Moderate leaders of the National Convention draft a new government the 3 rd in 6 years. Robespierre is executed (Spoof recap 3:37)

21 The Arrest of Robespierre

22 The Revolution Consumes (or ate) Its Own Children! Robespierre lies wounded before the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.

23 The Monster Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939!

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