Study Guide #5 The Industrial Age

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1 Study Guide #5 The Industrial Age Study Guide Frye AWC2 FEB questions PLUS essay See Chapters in The Quest The Early Industrial Revolution [c s] EQ: How did the Agricultural Revolution affect English rural society in the 1700s? enclosure how did it help lead to the Industrial Revolution? EQ: What caused the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION? EQ: and why did ENGLAND have it FIRST? textile factories James Watt & the steam engine George Stephenson EQ: What were Adam Smith s main ideas regarding capitalism? Adam Smith & Wealth of Nations division of labor Main ideas of Capitalism What is capital? Law of Supply & Demand Law of Competition [and efficiency] Self Interest, the Invisible Hand Entrepreneur laissez faire Thomas Malthus David Ricardo [ Iron Law of Wages ] EQ: How did the Industrial Revolution affect urban living conditions? Urbanization Luddites EQ: Why did Migration increase in the 1800s? (to cities or out of Europe) Population growth and lack of work Hunger and poverty Politics or persecution England & reform EQ: What motivated various reformers in early 19 th century England and what reforms did they make? (or why did England avoid a bloody revolt by the poor?) Evangelicals & Dissenters (and reform) Clapham Sect (Sir Robert Peel, Earl of Shaftesbury,William Wilberforce) British abolition of slavery [how/why?] Classical Liberals cholera and Sir Edwin Chadwick Factory Acts - poorhouses Reform Bill of 1832 more allowed to vote fairer voting districts

2 The Hungry 40 s Irish potato famine, 1840s Corn Laws / effect / repeal [Peel] Romanticism EQ: What were the main ideas of Romanticism and how did Romantic ideas affect politics, art, and society? Influence of Rousseau Reacting against what? 7 main principles Immanuel Kant Truth a priori truth vs. reasoned proof Ethics William Wordsworth Romantic ART themes: nature, exotic and mysterious, medieval, politics, grotesque/horror Gothic Revival Rebels EQ: What ideas inspired political rebels in the early 1800s? Utopian Socialists Republicans Classical Liberalism And Nationalism Klemens von Metternich and the reactionaries (those against revolutions) French Revolution of 1830 & Louis Philippe (the Citizen-King ) Egyptian, Greek, and Belgian independence [by 1830] Decembrists (Russia 1820s) EQ: Why were the revolts of 1848 significant? Revolution of 1848 in Austria Metternich flees as students an various ethnic nationalists revolt Pan-Slavism Risorgimiento (Young Italy) but a new emperor crushes all rebels Revolution of 1848 in Germany Pan-German nationalists meet in Frankfurt but Prussian king rejects unification; Congress fails (Emigrants flee to USA) Revolution of 1848 in France Louis Blanc [socialist] take over of Paris [FEB] until the "Bloody Days" [JUNE] Louis Napoleon Bonaparte becomes president of a new, bourgeois republic (Poor can t vote) Latin American Independence ( ) EQ: Why were Latin Americans successful in revolutions and what were the limits of the Latin American revolutions? Racial tensions: light skinned creoles rule mestizos, natives, and blacks Mexican independence

3 caudillos Jose de San Martin Simon Bolivar Touissaint L Overture [Haiti] Modernist thought EQ: What led to modernism, or a more secular and rationalist worldview that gained credibility throughout the 1800s? Who were its main thinkers? PROGRESS and secular philosophy Auguste Comte [sociology, positivism] Jeremy Bentham & Utilitarianism George F.W. Hegel dialectic alienation statism Philosophical materialism Charles Darwin and other 19 th century ideas EQ: How/why did Darwin s ideas trigger various new theories about humanity, society, and philosophy? Voyage of the Beagle, effect of Malthus, Charles Lyell, Alfred Wallace Origin of Species Descent of Man TH Huxley - evolutionary ethics Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer Sir Francis Galton & eugenics Race science Houston Stewart Chamberlain. A Gobineau, Ernst Haeckel Theistic evolution Determinism Anticlericalism Secularism Scientism Friedrich Nietzsche EQ: Why are Nietzsche s ideas significant in the development of modern, Western thought? nihilism [ nothing matters ] existentialism [if nothing is true, what I will is my truth if I can make it happen] Ubermensch Irrationality of humans Psychology EQ: How did psychology influence a modernist and secular views of human nature and human behavior? Wilhelm Wundt Ivan Pavlov Sigmund Freud ego / id / superego

4 psychoanalysis neurosis / repression Carl [Karl] Gustav Jung collective unconscious personality theory Psychiatry Sociology Max Weber (main ideas) THREE WESTERN WORLDVIEWS Key Books/ Thinkers What is prime reality? Human nature? Identity? Truth Ethics Judeo-Christian Theism Bible, Augustine, Aquinas, many others God matters Body & soul, image of God; True to what is right Absolute Revelation (aligns with) reason and/or intuition/ experience Align with moral order [authored by God] Modernism Descartes, (various) Enlightenment.Darwin, Spencer, Freud, Comte, Bentham Matter matters (philosophical materialism) Merely matter True to physical facts DETERMINISM Absolute - Reason alone What is practical, what works; greatest material prosperity for greatest number Romanticism Nietzsche Rousseau Hegel, Kant, Nietzsche What I will or experience to be true ( No such thing as facts ) Nothing (really) matters [except what YOU want] Whatever I say it is True to yourself WILL Relative - What you will / feel No good or evil; Might [of will] makes right

Test 5 - Essay Possibilities You will see THREE of these on exam day; you will choose one. You may have ONE 3x5 inch index card with notes; no prewritten essays.

5 Test 5 - Essay Possibilities You will see THREE of these on exam day; you will choose one. You may have ONE 3x5 inch index card with notes; no prewritten essays. It is to be a THESIS based essay with multiple points and specific evidence. You will have one period to write the essay. A. Choose three of the following and explain how their ideas were a response to the theories of Charles Darwin. E1. Herbert Spencer E2. T.H. Huxley E3. Freidrich Nietzsche E4. Sigmund Freud E5. Ernst Haeckl and Houston Stewart Chamberlain E6. Francis Galton B. Explain the basic ideas of Romanticism and explain how they affected views or trends in politics and society in the early 19 th century (this could include the arts). C. Various groups rose up in rebellion against aristocratic authority in the early 19 th century (1815 to 1848). Describe motives and events in THREE significant rebellions between 1815 and 1848 and explain the outcome. D. Despite the same social tensions as the rest of Europe, Britain avoided violent revolution between 1815 and Explain why. E. Explain how these paintings and poems reflect Romantic themes or historical events in the early 19 th century. Monks in Snow, Caspar David Freidrich

Liberty Leading the People William Wordsworth Tables Turned Up! up! my friend, and quit your books, Or surely you'll grow double. Up! up! my friend, and clear your looks; Why all this toil and trouble.

6 Liberty Leading the People William Wordsworth Tables Turned Up! up! my friend, and quit your books, Or surely you'll grow double. Up! up! my friend, and clear your looks; Why all this toil and trouble.... Books! 'tis a dull and endless trifle: 5 Come, hear the woodland linnet, How sweet his music! on my life, There's more of wisdom in it.... One impulse from a vernal wood May teach you more of man, 10 Of moral evil and of good, Than all the sages can. Sweet is the lore which Nature brings; Our meddling intellect Misshapes the beauteous forms of things-- 15 We murder to dissect. Enough of Science and of Art, Close up those barren leaves; Come forth, and bring with you a heart That watches and receives. 20

7 Percy Shelley England in 1819 An old, mad, blind, despised, and dying King 1 ; Princes, the dregs of their dull race, who flow Through public scorn, mud from a muddy spring; Rulers who neither see nor feel nor know, But leechlike to their fainting country cling Till they drop, blind in blood, without a blow. A people starved and stabbed in th' untilled field; An army, whom liberticide and prey Makes as a two-edged sword to all who wield; Golden and sanguine laws which tempt and slay; Religion Christless, Godless a book sealed; A senate, Time s worst statute, unrepealed Are graves from which a glorious Phantom may Burst, to illumine our tempestuous day. 11 Referring to King George III, who was very old, suffering from madness ; the king died in 1820.

By Richard Carlile ( ) (Manchester Library Services) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Com-

By Richard Carlile ( ) (Manchester Library Services) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Com- Percy Bysshe Shelley By Richard Carlile (1790 1843) (Manchester Library Services) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Com- Using the digital biographies resource, click on the picture of Percy Bysshe Shelley