Halachic Digest! 5)" We increase Tehillim 6-3 Kapitlach daily, according to the Baal Shem Tov (completing on Yom Kippur) 7."

Transcription

1 בה ראש השנה ה'תשעז Halachic Digest! Compiled by Rabbi Yoseph Vigler & Rabbi Mendel Zirkind! Edited by Rabbi Sholom Zirkind עה Original editing by Rabbi Y. Zirkind Comments לעילוי נשמת הרב יצחק בן הרב אליעזר צבי זאב צירקינד ז ל The Month of Elul! 1) Elul, through Yom Kippur are days of compassion and good will, and the opportune time to do Teshuva 1. G-d, the King, is in the field, allowing anyone to approach Him, and be greeted by the King s smiling face 2. 2) We account for all our deeds the past year, strengthen our good qualities and improve our deficiencies 3. 3) It is customary to check Tefillin and Mezuzos in Elul, and to increase in Torah, Tefillah, and Tzedaka 4..ערב ראש השנה 5 besides Shabbos and,שחרית We blow the Shofar every day after 4) 5) We increase Tehillim 6-3 Kapitlach daily, according to the Baal Shem Tov (completing on Yom Kippur) 7..כתיבה וחתימה טובה לשנה טובה ומתוקה 8 We wish each other (verbally and in writing a 7) עני of הפטורה we add the,רני עקרה of הפטורה after the,כי תצא This year, on Shabbos 8) 9. fell out on Shabbos ראש חודש אלול which we did not say yet this year because,סוערה קיצור שולחן ערוך קכח:א לקות דה אני לדודי היום יום כ ז מנחם אב קיצור שו ע שם סעיף א מטה אפרים תקפא:ז קיצור שוע קכח:ב היום יום א' אלול מטה אפרים תקפא:ט, סהש תשמח חב ע' 610 קיצור שוע קכח:ד

2 Slichos! i. Ashkenazim say Slichos at least 4 days before Rosh Hashanah. One reason is to scrutinize ourselves like a קרבן that needed to be examined 4 days before being offered on the Mizbeach 10. ii. When Rosh Hashanah falls out on Monday or Tuesday, we start a full week before, to begin on a Sunday 11. iii. Slichos should be recited early in the morning. Some communities say the first Slichos בזעקם בעוד 12 e.g. early Sunday morning when still night, since we mention the night רצה עתירתם בעמדם בלילות and ליל Therefore if one started saying Slichos on the first day after sunrise these part are omitted 13. iv. In some communities Slichos are said after midnight 14, v. Slichos should preferably not to be said before midnight 15. Some communities rely on those opinions who say that Slichos can be recited 2 hours before midnight, (i.e. at the beginning of the second third of the night), since this is also an עת רצון 16. According to some.אשמנו one should not say,חצות before מוצאי שבת opinions 17, if Slichos is recited on vi. Some don t fall for Tachnun during slichos. For those who do, it depends: If Slichos are recited before midnight, we don't fall during tachnun 18. If Slichos are recited after midnight, but before daybreak, some fall if it's close to daylight, while others wait to do נפילת אפים until daylight 19. vii. Waking up to say Slichos after midnight requires saying ברכת התורה beforehand 20. viii. The chazan wears a Talis, but if it is not yet עלות השחר he doesn t make a bracho. If he continues until after it gets light, he should touch his Tzitzis and make the brocho then 21. Before עלות השחר it's best that he borrows someone else's Talis, to avoid the shaila of a Bracho מטה אפרים תקפא:יא ואלף המגן אות כג בשם אליה רבה שם, וראה הטעמים בביאורי הגרא בסי' תקפא מטה אפרים שם 12 שם אלף למטה יג מנהג קדום, ראה פסקי תשובות סי תקפ א אות ב וש נ מגא סי' תקסה סקה, מטה אפרים תקפא:כ משמרת שלום (קוידינוב) סי מ א ס ד, שו ת אגרות משה או ח ח ב סי ק ה, וע ע שו ת יחוה דעת ח א סי מ ו פסקי תשובות שם ע פ המטה אפרים תקפ א:כ, וע ע בשו ת אג מ שם סי קל א מג א סק ט וע ש במ ב סקי ח, שוע ר שם ס ד, וראה מטה אפרים תקפ א:י ט ובסי קל א מ ב סקי ח וסקי ט 19 שוער סי' מו:ח 20 שוער סי' יחז 21 מטה אפרים סעי י ד ועי' בשוע ר יד:ח ובקונא שם, ובביהל סי' יד סג בסדה שאלה 22 2 * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

3 ix. If there is no Talis, Slichos, including מדות,יג are still said 23. x. The first kaddish can only be said if these was a minyan during אשרי 24. Otherwise, kaddish is skipped 25. xi. If there was a Minyan and some left before the final,קדיש it could still be said as long as there remained אשמנו, 27 xii. It is proper to stand while saying Slichos. One who is ill should at least try stand for.יג מדות, שמע קולנו xiii. It is best to say Slichos with a minyan 28. If one is unable, according to some 29 they omit saying מדות.יג Others hold that it could be said in the tune of reading the Torah 30. Also, the paragraphs that are in מחי ומסי, Aramaic and דבשמיא,מרן should only be said with a minyan 31. נצבים Mivorchim Shabbos i. We do not bentch the Chodesh 32. On this Shabbos Hashem Himself bentches the seventh month, satiated with goodness for the entire year, and with this ko'ach, Yidden bentch chodesh the next eleven months 33. ii.. שוש אשיש 34 We read the Haftorah iii. We say אב הרחמים before Musof 35. iv..צדקתך צדק 36 By Mincha we say v..פרקי אבות ה-ו 37 After Mincha we say the last two chapters of vi. We do not say ויהי נועם ואתה קדוש on Motzei Shabbos since there is a Yom Tov during the week 38. מטה אפרים שם טו 23 מטה אפרים שם י 24 שם 25 שם ובאלף המגן שם 26 שם יח 27 רמא סי' תקסה:א 28 שות מנחת אלעזר חד סי' כב ועוד 29 מגא סי' תקסה סקה, ושוער סי' נ:ב 30 מטה אפרים תקפ א:כ א 31 מטה אפרים שם מז 32 ס' המנהגים חבד מהבעל שם טוב 33 מטא שם 34 שם 35 שם 36 שם 37 שוער סי' רצה:ג, מטה אפרים שם 38 3 * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

4 Sunday- Erev Rosh Hashanah! i. One should wake up early on Erev Rosh Hashana as Slichos in the morning are longer than usual, and Hataras Nedarim after Shacharis takes time 39. ii. Except during Slichos, Tachanun is not said and the Shofar is not blown so as to differentiate between the Tekios of Elul which are a minhag and the Tekios of Rosh Hashana which are d Oraisa. Another reason given is to confuse the Satan as to when is Rosh Hashana. Thus, one should not blow shofar even at home for practice. However, if the Baal Toke ah finds it necessary to practice, he may do so in a closed room 40. iii. Additional Tzedaka is given specifically to assist those in need with the necessities for Yom Tov 41. iv. There is a minhag to visit kivrei tzaddikim 42. v. Some fast on Erev Rosh Hashana till Chatzos or a little later 43. vi. We do not cook for Rosh Hashana with sour foods (e.g. vinegar and lemon juice). Some continue this minhag through Simchas Torah. Likewise, the custom is to refrain from bitter foods (e.g. horseradish). Sharp foods (e.g. pepper) are permissible 44. i. Note: If it is only a little lemon or vinegar that you are putting in the food, as long as the food does not turn out bitter or sour it is permissible. vii. We make a point to have sweet and fatty foods as a siman of goodness. viii. We refrain from nuts ((a) since they cause phlegm making davening difficult and (b) because אגוז gimatria חטא (when spelled without the Aleph) 45. ix. We take haircuts and toivel in the mikveh lekovod Yom Tov 46. x. Rosh Hashana is a proper time to accept new resolutions in shmiras Torah & Mitzvahs. xi. We put on Yom Tov clothing in the firm confidence that Hashem will perform miracles for us and find us worthy on Yom Hadin 47. Hataras Nedarim! כל i. The prevailing custom is to do Hataras Nedarim on Erev Rosh Hashana, (in addition to while,זריזין מקדימין למצוות 48 which is said on Yom Kippur). One reason is because of נדרי others explain that this is so that we should be free on Rosh Hashana of the obligations ראה מטא שם, מט 39 ראה מגא תקפא, יד ב' דיעות, ומשנב סקכד, ובשות דברי נחמי' עד, א 40 מטא שם, נ 41 שם ובאלף המגן 42 שם 43 משנ ב תקפ ג, ה פסקי תשובות שם אות ה 44 רמא תקפג, ב 45 מטא שם, נג 46 משנב תקפא, כה 47 שלהק ריש מסכת יומא 48 4 * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

5 (and sin) of unfulfilled.נדרים 49 If one did not have a chance before Rosh hashana, he should do so during the Aseres Yemei Teshuvah, before Yom Kippur 50. ii. Hataras nedarim is best performed in front of ten men over Bar Mitzvah. (One reason for this is, because in order to annul a נדר that one might have made in a dream, or to annul a that one received in a dream, ten are required 51). Otherwise a Beis Din of 3 is נידוי sufficient. 52 iii. One may use a Beis Din comprised of his relatives for Hataras Nedarim 53. iv. It is best if said before Chatzos. 54 v. Unless there is no choice, each individual should do hataras nedarim on his own, and not in a group, in front of the Beis din 55. vi. Hataras nedarim should be said in a language you understand if you don t understand the original. vii. If one is aware of any specific vows or actions which require a Hataras Nedarim, it must be specified to at least one of the three דיינים 56. In such a case one should consult a Rav who is well versed in these laws 57. viii. A woman is also obligated to say Hataras Nedarim. The custom is for her husband to do so on her behalf or she fulfills her requirement if she has in mind while saying כל נדרי on Yom Kippur 58. ix. During Hataras Nedarim we make a disclaimer for all future vows that we will make. However this can only be relied upon in certain situations 59. In general, when accepting.בלי נדר 60 something upon oneself, one should always be careful to specify that it is The First Evening of Rosh Hashana:! i. Before lighting candles, extra Tzedaka is given, for two days of Yom Tov חיי אדם כלל קל ח:ח, יפה ללה ח ב קו א לסי תקפ א אות י ג, של ה הק שם ראה אלף המגן על מטה אפרים סי תקפ א ס ק קא, יו ד סי של ד סעי ל ה.מטא תקפא,מט 52 יוד סי' רכח סג - מפני שאינו דין. ראה בשך שם סק ז. 53 ראה סידור הרב 54 מטא שם סוסמט 55 אלף המגן סק קא 56 כי יש בזה כמה פרטי דינים 57 לעניין נשים, לפי הנפסק בשוע (יוד רלד סנו-נז) הבעל נעשה שליח לשאול על נדרי אשתו, אך אינו מצטרף להמתירים, ולכאורה יכול היה בעלה לומר הנוסח גם בשמה 58 (אך לאחרים, אף לבתו, לא ניתן להתיר עי שליח שם סי' רכח סטז. וע' פתחי-תשובה שם סק ט לעניין בקשת התרה בכתב) ולעניין מודעה על לעתיד לכאורה די להן ב'כל.'נדרי ראה שו ע יו ד סי רי א, פסקי תשובות סי תקפ א אות י ז ראה ג כ שוע ר קס א:ח שערי-צדקה (אדמור מליובאוויטש) עמ' קמב 61 5 * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

6 ii. Candles should be lit before sunset (or 18 minutes before) like on an Erev Shabbos. If for whatever reason, you did not light then, they should be lit before the Seudah at night from a pre existing flame. 62 iii. 2 brachos are said when lighting נר של יום טוב 2. שהחיינו 63 candles: 1..להדליק Some say.להדליק נר של יום הזכרון 64 iv. If a man lights because a woman is not present, he does not bentch שהחיינו now, but rather by Kiddush. If he forgot and bentched now,שהחיינו he does not repeat it by Kiddush. 65 v. If you re eating elsewhere, remember to light candles in your own home or to arrive at your host preferably before Yom Tov begins, and light candles there. (Note: the best option when sleeping at home and eating elsewhere is to light candles at home and make kiddush there before continuing the meal at the host, or to light candles that will last until you come back home from the Seudah, and eat something next to the candles when you come back). 66 vi. The avodah of Rosh Hashana is עול,קבלת accepting yoke of.שמים As such, even great people should spend their time on the seemingly trivial avoda of reciting Tehillim at every free moment, sleeping as little as possible and avoiding דברים בטלים (idle chat) as much as Maariv! possible; like a servant who does not have a spare moment and is serving his Master and like a child who won t rest in the excitement of greeting his Father. 67 i. An avel ר ל may daven for the amud if he s the regular baal tefilla (or most desirable by the congregation) 68 ii. During Shmone Esrei of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah (starting with the first night of Rosh 69.זכרנו לחיים, מי כמוך, המלך הקדוש, וכתוב, ובספר חיים, עושה השלום add: hashana) we 'ברוך אתה ה (of 'ה if you remember before saying זכרנו, מי כמוך, וכתוב, ובספר iii. If one forgot that concludes that Bracha) you say it then. If one remembers after saying Hashem s name, one does not go back המלך הקדוש and immediately remembered - correct and say הא-ל הקדוש iv. If one said v. If one said הא-ל הקדוש and remembered a little bit after (i.e. after כדי דיבור,(תוך or already began to say בחרתנו,אתה return to the beginning of Shmone Esrei 72. פסקי תשובות תקיד, יט עפ באר היטב תקג, ד 62 שוע תקיד, יא ומטא תקפא, ד 63 סידור הרב. וראה אג ק ח ו ע קכ ה, חל א ע כ ב 64 מטא תקצט, א 65 פסקי תשובות רסג, ל 66 אג ק אדמו ר מוהריי צ ח י ע תכ ה, וראה שוע הרב תקפג, ח ומשנה ברורה תקפג, ט, 67 מטא תקפא, כג 68 שוע תקפב 69 שוע ר סי' תקפב, ו 70 סי' תקפב ב 71 שם ס א 72 6 * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

7 תוך כדי one can correct oneself even after הקדוש and did not yet say הא-ל vi. If one said 73. דיבור לדור ודור and forgot to say וקדושים בכל יום יהללוך סלה ברוך אתה ה' המלך הקדוש... vii. If one said one does not need to go back, and continues davening 74. (If one is המליכו וכו' ובכן תן פחדך unsure, he can continue davening). viii. If one is unsure if he said המלך הקדוש on Rosh Hashanah he doesn t repeat shmoneh esrei, (if he knows that he said תן פחדך וכו.( ובכן Since the nusach is totally different, we assume 75.הא-ל הקדוש he wouldn t have said ix. It is brought in Sforim that saying מזמור לדוד with כוונה is the כלי to draw down gashmiyus for the year. 76 לשנה טובה תכתבי 77and a woman לשנה טובה תכתב ותחתם x. On the first night we wish a man day because the primary judgment is the first night until Tekios on the first,ותחתמי xi. It is a mitzvah to eat and drink but one should avoid frivolity and maintain a proper Yiras Hashem 78. xii. The symbolic simanim (aside from Challah in honey), are eaten tonight only. Some eat them on both nights 79. xiii. We eat a pomegranate as one of the simanim on the first night. In an area where is is a seasonal fruit and not available year round, you need to bentch.שהחיינו Since you re making שהחיינו anyway during Kiddush, you can have the fruit in front of you in mind. You then would not need to make another.שהחיינו Or don t have it in front of you and then you would make a special שהחיינו on it 80 xiv. The Challah is dipped in honey. 81 בורא פרי i. After eating Challah, an apple is cut and dipped in honey and we say the bracha (having in mind that this bracha will include any fruits you may eat later and for העץ 82.'יהי רצון וכו dessert) and then recite the xv. After this, the pomegranate is eaten. During the meal carrots are eaten as well. xvi. We eat the head of a ram 83, or more commonly, the head of a fish. xvii. In Birchas Hamazon we add ויבוא הרחמן יעלה of Yomtov and of Rosh Hashana. :בונה ירושלים and remembered after saying Hashem s Name in יעלה ויבא xviii. If one forgot to say...ברוך... שנתן then say,הטוב והמטיב i. If one has not begun the bracha of אלף המגן סי' תקפב אות טז סי' תקפ ב מ ב סקי ז שות בית הלוי א, מב 75 מטא תקפב, כג 76 סוס תקפב 77 שוער סי' תקצז סא 78 ראה נטעי גבריאל ר ה פע ב ס ז ובהנסמן שם 79 ראה כף החיים סי' רכה אות יט, פסקי תשובות סי' רכה אות א' ובהערה 9 ואילך, המלך במסיבו חא ע' עח, ועצע 80 משנה ברורה תקפג, ג 81 יהי he paskens to say the סידור הרב בעל התניא after eating from the apple, but in יהי רצון pasken to say the שוע הרב תקפג, ג and משנה ברורה תקפג, ד 82 eating. after the bracha, before רצון סי' תקפג, ב 83 7 * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

8 ii. If one already said ברוך of והמטיב,הטוב then one returns to the beginning of Birchas Hamazon The First Day of Rosh Hashana:! Hearing Shofar! i. Whoever has כוונה whilst reciting Adon Olam, is guaranteed that his Tefillah is heard, the Satan cannot affect adversely his Tefillos on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur, and his enemies fall before him 84! ii. One should learn the meaning of the Tefilos of Rosh Hashana, particularly the Piyutim, so that he understands what he is saying 85. Accordingly, using an English Machzor is recommended.! iii. If someone is davening by himself, he should not blow Shofar nor daven Musaf during the first three hours of the day (i.e. until the end of the time of krias Shema) 86, (unless he won't be able to do it later). i. All males over Bar Mitzvah must hear Shofar 87 from a male adult over bar Mitzvah 88. ii. Women are not obligated to hear Shofar. Some Poskim say that women accepted it upon themselves as an obligation to hear Shofar 89. אלי רבה סו ס מ ו 'שוער סי' ק.שוער סי' תקצא:יג-ד שוער תקפח:ו ושידוע שהביא ב' שערות. מטה אפרים סי' תקפט:ז.'נטעי גבריאל רה פמח אות א מטה אפרים תקפח, ב 90 8 * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

9 iii. Males who are in good health should not eat before hearing Shofar i.e. till after davening 90. Some are lenient with drinking, but it is best not to drink either. There is room for leniency for women to eat before Tekios 91 iv. One who is weak and needs to eat should not eat המוציא or מזונות (nor alcoholic beverages) more than the size of a.כביצה If he needs more, it would be best to arrange that he hears Tekios (30 sounds) first and then eat. v. The one who is blowing the Shofar must have in mind to be מוציא those that are listening,.יוצא and the ones who are listening must have in mind to be vi. vii. If the בעל תוקע had in mind to be מוציא whoever hears the Shofar, then even a listener in another house of whom the בעל תוקע is unaware, is nevertheless,יוצא (if the listener had in בעל since the,יוצא Thus, one who was outside the Shul but heard Tekios is.(יוצא mind to be 92. everyone מוציא in Shul has in mind to be תוקע One has to make sure to hear every Shofar sound from beginning to end (without interruption or distractions) in order to be,יוצא even if the sound is very long (more than the 93. Therefore one should not clear one s throat etc during the sound of a Shofar.(שיעור viii. לכתחילה you blow Shofar standing, without leaning on anything such that if it were moved, you would fall 94. ix. It is best to blow on the right side of the mouth 95 and with the wide end of the Shofar facing upwards, not sideways 96. i. If it's difficult to blow the Shofar on the right of the mouth, then the wide side of the Shofar should be facing right 97). x. Before blowing the Shofar, two Berachos are recited לשמוע קול שופר.שהחיינו On the שהחיינו although,שהחיינו wear a new garment for לכתחילה should בעל תוקע second day, the is recited either way 98. xi. To be יוצא the Mitzvah of Shofar, you must hear 3 times (a set of) Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, 3 times (a set of) Tekiah Shevarim Tekiah, and 3 times (a set of) Tekiah Teruah 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקפה אות ב שוער סי' תקפט:ז שוער סי' תקפז:ד, תקצב:ח שוער סי' תקפה:א שוער סי' תקפה:ו 'שם סעיף ז מטה אפרים תקפה:ד שוער סי' תר:ז 98 9 * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

10 Tekiah 99, for a total of 30 sounds. (In Shul, a total of (at least) 100 sounds are blown, including the sounds blown before, during, and after Musaf) xii. The Baal Toke ah should be well versed in the halachos of Tekios, and its inner significance and kavanos. 100 xiii. If there is a bris in Shul it is done before blowing Shofar. 101 xiv. When the Baal Toke ah makes the brachos for Shofar, everyone should have in mind to be 102.ברוך הוא וברוך שמו the brochos as well as the mitzvah of Shofar and not answer יוצא i. If one arrived in shul in the middle of the brachos, he should say the brochos quietly as long as there is enough time to finish the brachos before the Shofar blowing begins. 103 ii. Otherwise, listen to Tekios, be yotzah, and then make the brochos before Tekios of mussaf. 104 iii. A woman who plans to leave before the next set of Tekios should not make a bracha even though she missed the bracha from the chazan ) One should not make any הפסק of talking at all from tekios till the end of mussaf. 106! iv. If one spoke inadvertently even words unrelated to Tekios, you do not repeat the brochos. v. If one spoke after the brachos, before the shofar was blown, you say over the brachos. 107 iv. One who uses an electronic hearing aid, should rather hear the Shofar without the help of the hearing aid 108. v. Al pi kabbalah, one should look at the face of the Baal Toke'ah after tekios. 109 The Shofar! 1) If a Shofar has a crack or hole, a Rabbi well-versed in these Halachos should be consulted 110. ריש סי' תקץ 99 משנה ברורה תקפא, יא 100 שוער תקפד, ט 101 שוער קכד, ב 102 משנב תקפה, יא 103 פסקת תקפה, ח 104 הליכות בת ישראל יט, יח 105 שוער תקצב, ז 106 שוער תקצב, ז 107 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקפט אות ג 108 ג, שמב אגרות קודש מוהריי צ מליובאוויטש 109 כי יש בזה כמה פרטי דינים כמבואר בשוע סי' תקפו ונוכ * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

11 2) A Shofar should best be a ram s horn, in order to invoke the merit of יצחק,עקידת although the horns of other kosher animals (e.g. sheep and goat) may also be used 111. How to blow shofar! i. A Tekiah is a long plain note. In each set, the length of the Tekiah is based on the size of the middle of that set, (e.g. in the set of Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, the Tekiah is based on the length of the Sevarim Teruah). ii. In the set of Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, the Tekiah should לכתחילה be the length of at least 18 very small Shofar blasts ( Teruos ) combined 112, and according to some poskim, it should be a little longer 113. (Some say that according to those who blow the Shevarim and Teruah in 2 separate breaths, לכתחילה the Tekiah should be at least the length of 24 short Shofar blasts combined, to account for the breath in between 114). This applies to every Tekiah in this set, both the first and last. 2) In the sets of Tekiah Shevarim Tekiah and Tekiah Teruah Tekiah, the length of the Tekiah should לכתחילה be the length of at least 9 small Shofar blasts ( Teruos ) combined 115. According to some poskim, in the set of Tekiah Shevarim Tekiah it should be a little longer (because this is the length of the Shevarim) 116. The above applies to every Tekiah in the set, both the first and last. (Some say that in the sets of Tekiah Shevarim Tekiah and Tekiah Teruah Tekiah, לכתחילה it's best that it should be at least the length of 18 short Shofar blasts combined 117). 3. The Shevarim are 3 consecutive broken Shofar sounds, longer than a Teruah, shorter than a Tekiah. In the set of Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, each one of the 3 Shevarim blasts (independently) should לכתחילה be the length of at least 3 small Shofar blasts combined (or a little longer 118), and should be no longer than the amount of eight short Shofar blasts combined In the set of Tekiah Shevarim Tekiah, each one of the 3 Shevarim blasts (independently) should לכתחילה be the length of at least 3 very small Shofar blasts combined (or a little שוער סי' תקפו א-ב שוער סי' תקצ:ז מב תקצ סקיד, ועוד ראה אלף המגן סי' תקצ סקו בהערה שוער סי' תקצ:ז מב סי' תקצ שעהצ אות י', ועוד ס' אש דת הובא באלף המגן סי' תקצ סקז ראה מב תקצ סקיד שוער סי' תקצ:ז ראה מב תקצ סקיד * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

12 longer 120), and according to some poskim, לכתחילה it should be no longer than the amount of five short Shofar blasts combined The Teruah is a minimal, short Shofar sound ( Tu ). לכתחילה one should blow at least 9 consecutive Teruos, both in the set of Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, and Tekiah Teruah Tekiah The abovementioned for the Shofar sounds is לכתחילה but בדיעבד even if someone blew a shorter Tekiah, the Shevarim longer or a bit shorter, or less than 9 Teruos, it may be okay 123. A Rov should be consulted. There are also various Halachos regarding someone who made a mistake during Tekios It is very important to practice blowing Shofar so that one blows correctly. 8. Some are careful that each Tekiah sound should be the same throughout, e.g. the sound of the Shofar should not change from a high pitch to a low pitch during that sound (as commonly happens). However many are not careful about this (as long as there is no actual interruption in.מנהג העולם 125 the sound), and seemingly so is 9. In some communities, the Shvarim sound is the same type as a plain Tekiah sound, with the only difference being in the length of the sound. In other communities, the Shevarim sounds are blown in a certain intonation or rhythmic pattern 126. One should learn this from a qualified Minhag. to make sure he is blowing properly both according to Halacha and,בעל תוקע 10. Although there is a minimal length required for the Tekiah, there is no maximal length, and one may blow a very long Tekiah. Similarly, one may blow many Teruos, even more than nine. The custom is not to blow more than three Shevarim Each individual Shofar sound (i.e. the Tekiah, all the three Shevarim, and all the Teruos) have to be blown in one breath without interruption. If one stopped to breathe or made an interruption while blowing a sound, it is not valid, and one may have to blow over that set (e.g one set of Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah) Therefore if one is blowing a very long Tekiah, or many Teruos, he has to be careful to do them all in one breath. Similarly all 3 Shevarim have to be blown in one breath ראה מטה אפרים תקצ:ט ובאלף המגן אות יב שוער סי' תקצ:ז כמבואר כז בסי' תקץ בשוער, מב, מטא וכו'. וע ע חידושי צצ עהשס עה, ד ואילך. ליקוט הדעות השונות בכז ראה 123 בספר זכרון תרועה (י. שילת, ירושלים תשלה) ע' 252 ואילך. ובארוכה בספר הלכה למשה על תקיעות (אברהם רוטנברג,.ירושלים תשסט) פרק ב 'כמבואר כז בסי' תקץ בשוער, מב, מטא וכו ראה פסקי תשובות סי' תקפו אות ה' ובהנסמן שם ראה בפסקי תשובות סי' תקצ אות ב', ועוד שוער סי' תקצ:ד שוער סי' תקצ:ח,שם סעי י ז, וע ע חידושי צ צ עהש ס עו, ב לענין ג שברים * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

13 13. Conversely, one should not blow two separate Shofar sounds (e.g. Tekiah and Shevarim) together in one breath, even if he is pausing in between them so that they are recognizably separate 129. One should therefore make sure to actively take a breath between each separate sound. 14. There are different Minhogim regarding Shevarim Teruah of their set, if they are blown in two separate breaths, or in one breath with a small break in between them, so that they are recognizably separate. Some blow the Shevarim Truah in the Tekios before Musaf in one breath, and during Musaf in 2 breaths 130. Mussaf! i. If the floor is marble or stone, there should be a separation eg paper towels so as not to bow down directly onto the floor. On a wooden or laminated floor or carpet, bowing directly on the floor is fine. 131 ii. According to many opinions, if one is davening Musaf without a Minyan for whatever reason, he does not blow Shofar during his Shmone Esreh like the Minyan does (according to Nusach Sefard) 132. He should preferably hear the 30 sounds that he is obligated to hear, before he davens Musaf. Since the minhag is to hear a total of 100 Shofar sounds, he should blow extra afterwards to make up those sounds for a total of iii. The Chazan stands slightly away from the Amud to have space to bow down without moving his feet. 134 iv. Minhag Yisrael is to ensure children participate in some part of davening and tekios according to their age and abilities (if they will not disturb others). 135 v. If possible, arrangements should be made to bring children to shul for Birchas Cohanim. Afternoon! If you already heard Shofar and are blowing for women or others who have not heard yet, you should have the listener say the brachos. If they don't know how to say the Berachos, if it's a man you can make the berachos for them, if it's a woman who wants to hear Shofar, blow without berachos. 136 i. Children may practice blowing shofar after davening, but adults may not blow Shofar, except for someone who has not yet heard. 137 שוער סי' תקצ:ט 129 שוער סי' תקץ ח-ט שו ע סי' קלא, סח וראה פסקי תשובות שם, מטא תרכא, יד, ס המנהגים חב ד ע 131 Torah says you may not bow down in a form similar to the Bais Hamikdash, which had stone floors. 'שוער סי' תקצב:ז וראה בפסקי תשובות תקצב אות ג 132 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקצב אות ג 133 שוער תרכא, יב מטא תקפט ד, לקו ש חכ ט ע 135 שוער תקפ ה:ה, תקפ ט: ב 136 שוער תקצו, ב * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

14 ii. If one forgot Yaaleh veyavo in bentching by day, the din is the same as by night (see above). There is one difference: If one has already begun the bracha of והמטיב,הטוב and therefore missed ויבוא,יעלה whereas by night you start bentching again, the din by day is you finish bentching and skip ויבוא.יעלה (The reason is that there are opinions who maintain that one should fast on Rosh Hashana day. According to them, there is no meal and no bentching on Rosh Hashana. Though we do not pasken this opinion, we nonetheless would not go back if we erred in bentching) 138 iii. We do not take a nap Rosh Hashana by day. Wasting time is like sleeping. Time should be used constructively. Some permit sleeping after chatzos. 139 iv. Nothing may be prepared by a Yid from the first day to the second day. 140 v. The correct time for Tashlich is after Mincha today. 141 If you missed it, you could make it up during Aseres Yemei Teshuva 142 The Second Night of Rosh Hashanah:! i. Only after nightfall, tzeis (and if possible, after lighting candles), may preparations for the meal begin. 143 ii. Candles should be lit after it is dark, and close to the time of the meal, and fire taken from a להדליק נר.2 שהחיינו 1. pre-existing flame. Two brachos are said iii. During,שהחיינו have in mind and in sight the new fruit (i.e. a seasonal fruit that is not readily available year round), (or she could wear new clothing and have that in mind). Even if you 144.שהחיינו have nothing new, you still say iv. Those who are not eating at home should not forget to light candles. v. The new fruit is placed where it can be seen by those making Kiddush, so they can have it in mind when saying the bracha of.שהחיינו If the fruit is not present, new clothing is also good. But either way, the bracha is still said. vi. Immediately after Kiddush the new fruit is eaten (and שהחיינו is not said again). If one ate a (as is the custom) a bracha achrona is said (on the fruit, but not on the wine.) Then we כזית go wash for bread. Havdala! We make a havdala as a regular Motzei Yom Tov, without ונר.בשמים The מנהג העולם is to 146. הנה קל ישועתי וגו while others start with the pesukim,ברכת הגפן 145 start from פסקת תקצז, א 138 שוע הרב תקפג, ח ומשנה ברורה תקפג, ט 139 שוער סי' תקג, ג 140 שוער תקפג, ז 141 מטא בקצה המטה תקצח יב 142 שוער תקיד, טו 143 שוער תר, ו 144 מטה אפרים תר א:י 145 ראה פרמג סי' תצא מז א'. וכ ה מנהג חב ד * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

15 צום גדליה.עלות השחר i. The fast begins from ii. If one wants to wake up and eat before the fast starts, a Tnai needs to be made before going to sleep. If one doesn't usually drink when he gets up, he should לכתחילה make a 147. before going to sleep to be able to drink before the fast starts תנאי iii. One who is starting to eat within a half hour before השחר,עלות should not eat המוציא or everyday, (this applies also to,כביצה or alcoholic beverages more than the size of a מזונות not just a fast day) 148. iv. Those who have difficulty fasting should ask a shalah by a Rav. v. No brushing teeth / mouthwash, (unless one is sensitive, in which case he should be careful not to swallow 149). vi. No candy or nosh even for children who are not fasting 150..מנחה and שחרית by ויחל vii. In Shachris we say special Slichos. We read viii. In Mincha, those who are fasting add עננו in קולנו.שמע (If one forgot and remembered after saying Hashem s Name in the bracha of תפלה,שומע say it after אלקי נצור before the second.(יהיו 151 לרצון ix. There is a מנהג to give צדקה by מנחה on a fast day. some give the amount of the meals they would have eaten 152. Shabbos Shuva:! i. 153.הא-ל הקדוש instead of המלך הקדוש In Magen Avos on Friday night we say ii. There are those that have the custom of lighting a ליכט תשובה candle for Shabbos Shuva. 154 iii. 155 ויהי נועם ואתה קדוש On Motzei Shabbos we don't say iv. We wait until after Yom Kippur to make Kiddush Levana as that is an auspicious time. 156 Aseres Yemei Teshuva: i. Between Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur there are seven consecutive days, including one of each of the days of the week. These days should be used for rectifying and completing מב סי' תקסד סקו שוער סי' ע:ה, פסקי תשובות סי' תקסד אות א, וע ע בשו ת בצל החכמה ח ג סי נ ב 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקסז אות א 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקנ אות ג 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקסה אות ב מב סי' תקסו סקיב מטא תרב, לז 153.ספר המנהגים חב ד עמ' 58. בשם המהרל 154 שוע ר סי' רצה:ג 155 מטא תרב, מו * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

16 the avodah that was done in the past year, and as a preparation for the avodah that will be done in the coming New Year. Sunday corresponds to all the Sundays of the year, etc., and Shabbos Shuva corresponds to all the Shabbasos of the year. 157 ii. During these days we should increase in Torah, Mitzvos and Tzedaka, and to minimize as much as possible from our daily affairs. We also try to do חומרות even if we don't do them year round 158. One who eats Pas Akum during the year, should be careful during these days to only eat Pas Yisroel 159. iii. During these days we should examine our actions and do Teshuva. More Teshuva is required in a case where one is unsure whether he sinned, than in a the case when one knows for sure that he sinned, because one may think that he did not sin and won't regret it with a complete heart 160. particularly one should make sure to fix issues between him and his fellow man, by making amends and asking forgiveness 161..שיר המעלות we add ישתבח iv. Shacharis: After.v In Shemone Esrei add: זכרנו; מי כמוך; המלך הקדוש; המלך המשפט; וכתוב; ובספר חיים ;לחיים and עושה השלום i. If one forgot זכרנו or כמוך מי or וכתוב or ובספר and remembers in middle of the bracha ('ברוך אתה ה in which it is said, the addition is then said. However, if Hashem s Name (of was said, one does not go back. המלך הקדוש and immediately remembered-correctly say הא-ל הקדוש ii. If one said iii. If one said הא-ל הקדוש and remembered a little bit later (after כדי דיבור,(תוך or already began to say חונן,אתה he returns to the beginning of Shemone Esrei. iv. If one said הא-ל and did not yet say הקדוש one can correct himself. v. If one is unsure if he said המלך הקדוש he should return to the beginning 162. המלך המשפט and immediately remembered-correctly say מלך אוהב צדקה ומשפט vi. If one said vii. If one said אוהב צדקה ומשפט מלך and remembered a little later (after כדי דיבור,(תוך or forgot totally, he finishes davening 163. However, it is best if he repeats Shemone Esrei as a 164 תפלת נדבה vi. The full Avinu Malkeinu is said each day of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah during Shacharis and Mincha (except for Mincha of Erev Shabbos, Shabbos, and Erev Yom Kippur.) 165 vii. In Avinu Malkeinu we say כתבנו as in all of the Aseres Yemei Teshuva. viii. Some have the minhag to continue saying Slichos during Aseres Yemei Teshuva. 166 משנה ברורה סי' תרג סקב קיצור שוע סי' קל סעיפים א-ב שוע סי' תרג שם קיצור שוע סי' קל:א שוער סי' תקפב:א מב סי' תקפב סקו שוע ר סי תקפ ב:ב שוער תרב, ב 165 מטא תרב, לב * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז

17 כתיבה וחתימה טובה! 17 * * Mayan Yisroel 3315 Ave N Brooklyn NY * Page כתיבה וחתימה טובה * ראש השנה תשעז