1) The days of Elul, through Yom Kippur are days of compassion and good will, and an opportune time for Teshuva. The 2

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1 ב"ה ראש השנה ה'תשע"ט - Digest Halachic Compiled by Rabbi Yoseph Vigler & Rabbi Mendel Zirkind ע"ה Edited by Rabbi Sholom Zirkind. Original editing by Rabbi Y. Zirkind Comments Rabbi@MayanYisroel.net לעילוי נשמת הרב יצחק בן הרב אליעזר צבי זאב צירקינד ז ל The Month of Elul 1 1) The days of Elul, through Yom Kippur are days of compassion and good will, and an opportune time for Teshuva. The 2 King is in the field, allowing all to approach Him, and be greeted by His smiling face. 3 2) We account for our deeds the past year, strengthening our good qualities and fixing our deficiencies. 4 3) It is customary to check Tefillin and Mezuzos in Elul, and to increase in Torah, Tefillah, and Tzedaka. 5.ערב ראש השנה except Shabbos and,שחרית 4) We blow the Shofar every day after 6 7 5) We increase Tehillim - 3 Kapitlach daily, minhag of the Baal Shem Tov (completing on Yom Kippur). 8.כתיבה וחתימה טובה לשנה טובה ומתוקה 7) We wish each other (verbally and in writing a פרשת כי תבא Motzei Shabbos Slichos 1) Ashkenazim begin saying Slichos at least 4 days before Rosh Hashanah, like a קרבן that needs to be examined 4 9. קרבן days before being offered on the Mizbeach. Rosh Hashana we are like a 2) The prevailing custom is to start early Sunday morning when still night, since some of the Slichos mention the night 10 "בזעקתם בעוד ליל" "רצה עתירתם בעמדם בלילות e.g. 11 3) When Rosh Hashana is Monday or Tuesday, we begin a week before, always on a Sunday. 12 4) In some communities Slichos are said every day after midnight, 13 5) Slichos should preferably not to be said before midnight 1255am though some rely on opinions that Slichos can 14. עת רצון be recited at the beginning of the second third of the night ie 2 hours before midnight, as this is also an 15,.אשמנו some say to omit,חצות before מוצאי שבת 6) If Slichos are recited on 16 7) A. If Slichos are recited before midnight, we don't fall during tachnun. 1 קיצור שולחן ערוך קכח:א 2 לקו"ת ד"ה אני לדודי 3 היום יום כ ז מנחם אב 4 קיצור שו ע שם סעיף א 5 מטה אפרים תקפ"א:ז 6 קיצור שו"ע קכח:ב 7 היום יום א' אלול 8 מטה אפרים תקפ"א:ט, סה"ש תשמ"ח ח"ב ע' מטה אפרים תקפ"א:י"א ואלף המגן אות כג בשם אליה רבה 10 מטה אפרים שם שם, וראה הטעמים בביאורי הגר"א בסי' תקפ"א מנהג קדום, ראה פסקי תשובות סי תקפ א אות ב וש נ 13 מג"א סי' תקס"ה סק"ה, מטה אפרים תקפ"א:כ 14 משמרת שלום (קוידינוב) סי מ א ס ד, שו ת אגרות משה או ח ח ב סי ק ה, וע ע שו ת יחוה דעת ח א סי מ ו 15 פסקי תשובות שם ע פ המטה אפרים תקפ א:כ, וע ע בשו ת אג מ שם 16 סי קל א מג א סק ט וע ש במ ב סקי ח

2 B. If Slichos are recited after midnight, but before daybreak, some fall if it's close to daylight, while others wait to 17 do נפילת אפים until daylight. C. Some don t fall for Tachnun at all during slichos. 18 8) One who slept and begins slichos after midnight, should recite ברכת התורה beforehand. 9) The chazan wears a Tallis, but if it is not yet עלות השחר he doesn t make a brocho. 19 If he continues until after it gets light, he should touch his Tzitzis and make the brocho then. 20 Before עלות השחר it's best that he borrows a Tallis, to avoid the shaila of a brocho ) If he has no Tallis, Slichos, including מדות,י"ג are still said ) The first kaddish can only be said if these was a minyan for אשרי. Otherwise, kaddish is skipped ) If the Minyan left early, the final קדיש can still be said as long as there remained six. 25.אשמנו, י"ג מדות, שמע קולנו 13) It is proper to stand for Slichos. If you re weak, at least try stand for ) It is best to say Slichos with a minyan. If there is no minyan, some omit מדות.י"ג Others sing it in the tune of laining. The Aramaic paragraphs מחי ומסי and דבשמיא,מרן are only said with a minyan. נצבים Mevorchim Shabbos 30 1) We do not bentch the Chodesh. 2) On this Shabbos Hashem Himself bentches the seventh month, satiated with goodness for the entire year. With 31 this ko'ach, Yidden bentch chodesh the next 11 months - The Baal Shem Tov. 32. שוש א שיש 3) We read the Haftorah 33 4) We say אב הרחמים before Mussaf. 34.צדקתך צדק 5) By Mincha we say 35. פרקי אבות 6) After Mincha we say the last two chapters of 36 7) We omit " ויהי נועם ואתה קדוש " on Motzei Shabbos since there is a Yom Tov during the week. Sunday- Erev Rosh Hashanah 37 1) One should daven early on Erev Rosh Hashana as Slichos are long and Hataras Nedarim takes time 2) Except during Slichos, Tachanun is not said 3) The Shofar is not blown to (a) differentiate between the Tekios of Elul which are a minhag and the Tekios of Rosh Hashana which are d Oraisa. (b) to confuse the Satan as to when is Rosh Hashana. We do not blow shofar even at 38 home. If the Baal Toke ah must practice, he can blow in a closed room. 39 4) Additional Tzedaka is given specifically to assist those in need with the necessities of Yom Tov. 40 5) There is a minhag to visit kivrei tzaddikim., שוע ר שם ס ד, וראה מטה אפרים תקפ א:י ט ובסי קל א מ ב סקי ח וסקי ט 17 שוע"ר סי' מ"ו:ח שוע"ר סי' י"ח"ז מטה אפרים סעי י ד ועי' בשוע ר י"ד:ח ובקונ"א שם, ובביה"ל סי' י"ד ס"ג בסד"ה שאלה 20 מטה אפרים שם טו 21 מטה אפרים שם י 22 שם 23 שם ובאלף המגן שם שם י"ח רמ"א סי' תקס"ה:א 26 שו"ת מנחת אלעזר ח"ד סי' כב ועוד 27 מג"א סי' תקס"ה סק"ה, ושוע"ר סי' נ":ב מטה אפרים תקפ א:כ א מטה אפרים שם מ"ז 30 ס' המנהגים חב"ד 31 מט"א שם 32 שם 33 שם 34 שם 35 שוער סי' רצ"ה:ג, מטה אפרים שם 36 ראה מט"א שם, מט 37 ראה מג"א תקפא, י"ד ב' דיעות, ומשנ"ב סקכ"ד, ובשו"ת דברי נחמי' עד, א 38 מט"א שם, נ 39 שם ובאלף המגן 40 Page 2

3 41 6) Some fast on Erev Rosh Hashana till Chatzos or a little later. 7) We don t cook with sour food for Rosh Hashana (e.g. vinegar, lemon juice). Some refrain through Simchas Torah. 42 Refrain from bitter food too (e.g. horseradish). Sharp foods (e.g. pepper) are ok. Note: A little lemon or vinegar in the food is fine, as long as the food does not turn out bitter or sour.. 8) Make a point to have sweet and fatty foods as a siman of goodness. 43. חטא gimatria אגוז (b) 9) Refrain from nuts since (a) the phlegm makes davening difficult and 44 10) Take haircuts and toivel in the mikveh lekovod Yom Tov. 11) Rosh Hashana is a proper time to accept new resolutions in shmiras Torah and Mitzvahs ) Don Yom Tov clothing, confident that G-d will find us worthy on Yom Hadin. Hataras Nedarim זריזין מקדימין למצוות (a) on Yom Kippur) since כל נדרי 1) We do Hataras Nedarim on Erev Rosh Hashana, (in addition to and (b) so that we be free on Rosh Hashana of the transgression of unfulfilled.נדרים If you missed erev Rosh 48 hashana, do so during Aseres Yemei Teshuvah, before Yom Kippur. 2) It is best performed before ten men over Bar Mitzvah. (To annul a נדר that one might have made in a dream, or a sufficient. one received in a dream, you need ten ). Otherwise a Beis Din of three is נידוי 51 3) One may use a Beis Din comprised of his relatives for Hataras Nedarim. 52 4) It is best if said before midday. 53 5) Each individual should lechatchila do hataras nedarim himself in front of Beis din, not in a group,. 6) Hataras nedarim should be said in a language you understand if you don t understand the original ) If you want to annul a specific vow or action, you must specify it to one of the דיינים. Consult a Rov 56 8) A woman can fulfil her obligation of התרת נדרים by saying כל נדרי on Yom Kippur or her husband does hataras nedarim on her behalf. The First Evening of Rosh Hashana: 57 1) Before lighting candles, extra Tzedaka is given, for two days of Yom Tov. 2) Candles should best be lit before sunset (ie 18 minutes before) like on an Erev Shabbos. If, you did not light then, they should be lit before the Seudah at night from a preexisting flame להדליק נר.2 שהחיינו 1. candles: 3) Two brachos are said when lighting.להדליק נר של יום הזכרון Some say 4) If a man lights because a woman is not present, he does not bentch שהחיינו now, but rather by Kiddush. If he forgot and bentched now,שהחיינו he does not repeat it by Kiddush. 61 5) If you re eating elsewhere, remember to light candles in your own home or to arrive at your host preferably before Yom Tov begins, and light candles there. שם 41 משנ ב תקפ ג, ה פסקי תשובות שם אות ה 42 רמ"א תקפ"ג, ב Aleph ) ( spelled without the 43 מט"א שם, נג 44 משנ"ב תקפ"א, כה שלה"ק ריש מסכת יומא 47 חיי אדם כלל קל ח:ח, יפה ללה ח ב קו א לסי תקפ א אות י ג, 48 של ה הק שם 49 ראה אלף המגן על מטה אפרים סי תקפ א ס ק קא, יו ד סי של ד סעי ל ה.מט"א תקפ"א,מט 50 יו"ד סי' רכ"ח ס"ג - מפני שאינו דין. ראה בש"ך שם ס"ק ז. 51 ראה סידור הרב 52 מט"א שם סוסמ"ט 53 אלף המגן ס"ק ק"א 54 כי יש בזה כמה פרטי דינים 55 לעניין נשים, לפי הנפסק בשו"ע (יו"ד רלד סנ"ו-נז) הבעל נעשה שליח לשאול על נדרי אשתו, אך אינו מצטרף להמתירים, ולכאורה יכול היה בעלה לומר הנוסח גם בשמה (אך 56 לאחרים, אף לבתו, לא ניתן להתיר ע"י שליח שם סי' רכח סט"ז. וע' פתחי-תשובה שם ס"ק ט לעניין בקשת התרה בכתב) ולעניין מודעה על לעתיד לכאורה די להן ב'כל נדרי שערי-צדקה (אדמו"ר מליובאוויטש) עמ' קמב פסקי תשובות תקיד, יט ע"פ באר היטב תקג, ד שו"ע תקיד, יא ומט"א תקפא, ד סידור הרב. וראה אג ק ח ו ע קכ ה, חל א ע כ ב מט"א תקצט, א 61 Page 3

4 (The best option when sleeping at home and eating elsewhere is to light candles that will last 62 until you return home from the Seudah, and eat something next to the candles then). 6) The avodah of Rosh Hashana is עול,קבלת accepting the yoke of.שמים Even a Talmid Chacham should say Tehillim every free moment, sleep minimally and avoid idle chat; like a servant who can t spare a moment from serving his Master or a child who won t rest in the excitement of greeting his Father. 63 7) Every spare moment of both days of Yom Tov should be used for saying Tehillim. Maariv 64 1) An avel ר ל may be the baal tefillah if he usually is (or if he s most desirable by the congregation) זכרנו לחיים, מי add: 2) In Shmone Esrei of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah (starting with the first night of Rosh hashana) we 65.כמוך, המלך הקדוש, וכתוב, ובספר חיים, עושה השלום 3) If one forgot זכרנו, מי כמוך, וכתוב, ובספר but remembered before saying 'ה (of אתה ה 'ברוך that concludes that 66 Bracha) say it then. If one remembers after saying Hashem s name, do not go back. 67 המלך הקדוש and immediately remembered - correct and say הא-ל הקדוש 4) If one said 5) If one said הא-ל הקדוש and remembered after תוך כדי דיבור or already began to say בחרתנו,אתה return to the 68 beginning of Shmone Esrei. 69. תוך כדי דיבור one can correct oneself even after "הקדוש" and did not yet say "הא-ל" 6) If one said לדור ודור המליכו וכו' ובכן תן" and forgot to say "וקדושים בכל יום יהללוך סלה ברוך אתה ה' המלך הקדוש..." (7 If one said 70 davening). one does not need to go back, and continues davening. (If one is unsure, he can continue "פחדך ובכן on Rosh Hashanah do not repeat shmoneh esrei as long as you know you said המלך הקדוש 8) If unsure if you said.הא-ל 71 הקדוש Since the nusach is unique, we assume you wouldn t have said. תן פחדך וכו 72 9) Saying מזמור" "לדוד with כוונה is the vessel to draw down gashmiyus for the year ) On the first night we wish a man טובה תכתב ותחתם" "לשנה and a woman טובה תכתבי ותחתמי","לשנה because the primary judgment is the first night until Tekios on the first day 74 11) It is a mitzvah to eat and drink but one should avoid frivolity and maintain a proper Yiras Hashem ) The simanim (aside from Challah in honey), are eaten tonight only. Some eat them on both nights. 13) We eat a pomegranate as one of the simanim on the first night. If it is a seasonal fruit and not available year round, bentch."שהחיינו" If the pomegranate is in front of you during Kiddush, one "שהחיינו" is sufficient. If not, then 76 make a special "שהחיינו" on it 77 14) The Challah is dipped in honey. 15) Afterwards, an apple is cut and dipped in honey. Bentch פרי העץ,בורא have in mind that this bracha will include 78."'יהי רצון וכו" any fruits you may eat later and for dessert. Then recite the 16) After this, the pomegranate is eaten. During the meal carrots are eaten as well ) We eat the head of a ram, or more commonly, the head of a fish. 18) In Birchas Hamazon we add ויבוא הרחמן יעלה of Yomtov and of Rosh Hashana. :בונה ירושלים and remembered after saying Hashem s Name in יעלה ויבא 19) If one forgot to say."...ברוך... שנתן" then say,הטוב והמטיב a. If one has not begun the bracha of פסקי תשובות רסג, ל 62 אג ק אדמו ר מוהריי צ ח י ע תכ ה, וראה שו"ע הרב תקפג, ח ומשנה ברורה תקפג, ט, 63 מט"א תקפא, כג 64 שו"ע תקפב 65 שוע ר סי' תקפב, ו 66 סי' תקפב ב שם ס א 69 אלף המגן סי' תקפ"ב אות ט"ז 70 סי' תקפ ב מ ב סקי ז שו"ת בית הלוי א, מב 71 מט"א תקפב, כג 72 סו"ס תקפב שוע"ר סי' תקצ"ז ס"א ראה נטעי גבריאל ר ה פע ב ס ז ובהנסמן שם 75 ראה כף החיים סי' רכ"ה אות י"ט, פסקי תשובות סי' רכ"ה אות א' ובהערה 9 ואילך, המלך במסיבו ח"א ע' ע"ח, ועצ"ע 76 משנה ברורה תקפג, ג 77 יהי he paskens to say the סידור הרב בעל התניא after eating from the apple, but in יהי רצון pasken to say the שו"ע הרב תקפג, ג and משנה ברורה תקפג, ד 78 eating. after the bracha, before רצון סי' תקפג, ב 79 Page 4

5 b. If one already said "ברוך" of והמטיב,הטוב then return to the beginning of bentching. The First Day of Rosh Hashana: Whoever has כוונה whilst reciting Adon Olam, is guaranteed that his Tefillah is heard, the Satan cannot affect 80 adversely his Tefillos on Rosh Hashana & Yom Kippur, and his enemies fall before him One should learn the meaning of the Tefilos of Rosh Hashana, particularly the Piyutim, so that he understands 81 what he is saying. Using an English Machzor is recommended. One who is davening by himself, should not blow Shofar nor daven Musaf during the first three hours of the day 82 (i.e. until the end of the time of krias Shema), (unless he won't be able to do it later). Hearing Shofar ) All males over Bar Mitzvah must hear Shofar from a male adult over bar Mitzvah. 85 2) Women aren t obligated in Shofar, but some say they accepted upon themselves to hear Shofar. 86 3) Males in good health should not eat before hearing Shofar i.e. till after davening. Some are lenient with drinking, 87 but it is best not to drink either. Women may eat before Tekios כביצה (nor alcoholic beverages) more than the a מזונות or המוציא 4) One who is weak and needs to eat should not eat. If he needs more, it is best to arrange that he hears Tekios (30 sounds) first and then eat..יוצא the listeners, and they must have in mind to be מוציא must have in mind to be בעל תוקע 5) The 6) If the בעל תוקע had in mind to be מוציא whoever hears him, then even a listener in another house or outside, of 88 (יוצא (if the listener had in mind to be,יוצא is unaware, is nevertheless בעל תוקע whom the 7) One must hear every Shofar sound from beginning to end (without interruption or distractions) even if the sound is 89 long. Therefore one should not clear one s throat etc during the sound of a Shofar. 90. fall you blow Shofar standing, without leaning on anything such that if it were moved, you d לכתחילה 8) blow on the right of your mouth and face the wide end of the Shofar up, not sideways. If it's too לכתחילה 9) 93 difficult, then at least the wide side of the Shofar should be facing right בעל תוקע On the second day, the.שהחיינו.2 לשמוע קול שופר 1. recited. 10) Before blowing the Shofar, two Brachos are 94 should לכתחילה wear a new garment for,שהחיינו although שהחיינו is recited regardless. 11) You must hear minimum 3 times Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, 3 times Tekiah Shevarim Tekiah, and 3 times 95 Tekiah Teruah Tekiah, for a total of 30 sounds. (In Shul, a total of (at least) 100 sounds are blown, including the sounds before, during, and after Musaf) 96 12) The Baal Toke ah should know the halachos of Tekios, and their inner significance and kavanos ) If there is a bris in Shul it is done before blowing Shofar. אלי רבה סו ס מ ו 'שוע"ר סי' ק 82.שוע"ר סי' תקצ"א:יג-ד 83 שוע"ר תקפ"ח:ו 84 ושידוע שהביא ב' שערות. מטה אפרים סי' תקפ"ט:ז 85.'נטעי גבריאל ר"ה פמ"ח אות א מטה אפרים תקפח, ב 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקפ"ה אות ב 88 שוע"ר סי' תקפ"ט:ז 89 שוע"ר סי' תקפ"ז:ד, תקצ"ב:ח 90 שוע"ר סי' תקפ"ה:א 91 שוע"ר סי' תקפ"ה:ו 92 'שם סעיף ז 93 מטה אפרים תקפ"ה:ד 94 שוע"ר סי' ת"ר:ז 95 ריש סי' תק"ץ משנה ברורה תקפא, יא 96 שוע"ר תקפד, ט 97 Page 5

6 14) When the Baal Toke ah makes the brochos for Shofar, everyone should have in mind to be.יוצא Do not answer 98.ברוך הוא וברוך שמו If one arrived in shul in the middle of the brochos, say the brochos quietly himself as long as there is 99 enough time to finish the brochos before the Shofar blowing begins. 100 Otherwise, listen to Tekios, be yotzah, and then make the brochos before Tekios of mussaf. A woman who plans to leave before the next set of Tekios should not make a bracha even if she missed 101 the bracha from the chazan ) One should not make any הפסק of talking at all from tekios till the end of mussaf. If one spoke inadvertently even words unrelated to Tekios, you do not repeat the brochos. 103 If one spoke after the brochos, before the shofar was blown, you say over the brochos. 16) One who is aided by an electronic hearing aid, should try hear the Shofar without it ) Al pi kabbalah, one should look at the face of the Baal Toke'ah after tekios. The Shofar 1) 106 If a Shofar has a crack, a Rabbi well-versed in these Halachos should be consulted. 2) A Shofar should best be a ram s horn, in order to invoke the merit of יצחק,עקידת although the horns of other 107 kosher animals (e.g. sheep and goat) may also be used. How to blow shofar 1. A Tekiah is a long plain note. In each set, the length of the Tekiah is based on the size of the middle of that set, (e.g. in Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, the Tekiah is as long as the Shevarim Teruah). 2. In the set of Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, the Tekiah should לכתחילה be the length of at least 18 very small Shofar blasts ( Teruos ) combined, According to some, it should be a little longer. (Some say that according to those who blow the Shevarim and Teruah in 2 separate breaths, לכתחילה the Tekiah should be at least the length 110 of 24 short Shofar blasts combined, to account for the breath in between ). This applies to every Tekiah in this set, both the first and last. 2) In the sets of Tekiah Shevarim Tekiah and Tekiah Teruah Tekiah, the length of the Tekiah should לכתחילה be the 111 length of at least 9 small Shofar blasts ( Teruos ) combined. According to some poskim, in the set of Tekiah 112 Shevarim Tekiah it should be a little longer (because this is the length of the Shevarim). The above applies to every Tekiah in the set, both the first and last. (Some say that in the sets of Tekiah Shevarim Tekiah and Tekiah Teruah Tekiah, לכתחילה it's best that it should be 113 at least the length of 18 short Shofar blasts combined ). 3. The Shevarim are 3 consecutive broken Shofar sounds, longer than a Teruah, shorter than a Tekiah. In the set of Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, each one of the 3 Shevarim blasts (independently) should לכתחילה be the length שוע"ר קכד, ב 98 משנ"ב תקפה, יא 99 פסק"ת תקפה, ח 100 הליכות בת ישראל יט, יח 101 שוע"ר תקצב, ז 102 שוע"ר תקצב, ז 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקפ"ט אות ג ג, שמב אגרות קודש מוהריי צ מליובאוויטש כי יש בזה כמה פרטי דינים כמבואר בשו"ע סי' תקפ"ו ונו"כ 107 שוע"ר סי' תקפ"ו א-ב 108 שוע"ר סי' תק"צ:ז 109 מ"ב תק"צ סקי"ד, ועוד 110 ראה אלף המגן סי' תק"צ סק"ו בהערה 111 שוע"ר סי' תק"צ:ז 112 מ"ב סי' תק"צ שעה"צ אות י', ועוד 113 ס' אש דת הובא באלף המגן סי' תק"צ סק"ז Page 6

7 114 of at least 3 small Shofar blasts combined (or a little longer ), and should be no longer than the amount of eight 115 short Shofar blasts combined. 4. In the set of Tekiah Shevarim Tekiah, each one of the 3 Shevarim blasts (independently) should לכתחילה be the 116 length of at least 3 very small Shofar blasts combined (or a little longer ), and according to some, לכתחילה it 117 should be no longer than the amount of 5 short blasts combined. 5. The Teruah is a minimal, short Shofar sound ( Tu ). לכתחילה one should blow at least 9 consecutive Teruos, both in 118 the set of Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah, and Tekiah Teruah Tekiah. 6. The above mentioned for the Shofar sounds is לכתחילה but בדיעבד even if someone blew a shorter Tekiah, the 119 Shevarim longer or a bit shorter, or less than 9 Teruos, it may be okay. A Rov should be consulted. There are also 120 various Halachos regarding someone who made a mistake during Tekios. 7. It is very important to practice blowing Shofar so that one blows correctly. 8. Some are careful that each Tekiah be the same sound throughout, e.g. the sound of the Shofar should not change from a high pitch to a low pitch during that sound (as commonly happens). Most are not careful about this (as long as there is no actual interruption in the sound) In some communities, the Shvarim sound is merely a plain brief Tekiah sound. In other communities, the Shevarim 122 בעל sounds are blown in a certain intonation or rhythmic pattern. One should learn this from a qualified properly. to make sure he is blowing,תוקע 10. Although there is a minimal length for the Tekiah, there is no maximum, and it may be very long. Similarly, Teruah, 123 can be extended. But the custom is not to blow more than three Shevarim. 11. Each individual Shofar sound (i.e. the Tekiah, all the three Shevarim, and all the Teruos) must be in one breath with no interruption or breathing. Otherwise it is not valid, and one may have to blow over that set (e.g one set of 124 Tekiah Shevarim Teruah Tekiah). Therefore if one is blowing a very long Tekiah, or many Teruos, he has to be careful to do them all in one breath. 13. Conversely, one should not blow two separate Shofar sounds (e.g. Tekiah and Shevarim) together in one breath, 125 even if he is pausing in between them so that they are recognizably separate. One should therefore make sure to actively take a breath between each separate sound. 14. One opinion says you should pause and breathe between Shevarim and Teruah. Another opinion is you pause so that they are recognizably separate but do not breathe. Some reconcile the two and blow the Shevarim Teruah in 126 the Tekios before Musaf in one breath, and during Musaf in 2 breaths. Mussaf 1) On a marble or stone floor, there should be a separation eg paper towels so as not to bow down directly onto the 127 floor. On a wood or laminated floor or carpet, bowing directly on the floor is fine. 2) According to many opinions, if davening Musaf without a Minyan for whatever reason, do not blow Shofar during 128 Shmone Esre as the Minyan does (in Nusach Sefard ). Preferably hear the 30 obligatory sounds BEFORE Musaf. 114 ראה מ"ב תק"צ סקי"ד 115 שוע"ר סי' תק"צ:ז 116 ראה מ"ב תק"צ סקי"ד 117 ראה מטה אפרים תק"צ:ט ובאלף המגן אות י"ב 118 שוע"ר סי' תק"צ:ז 119 כמבואר כ"ז בסי' תק"ץ בשוע"ר, מ"ב, מט"א וכו'. וע ע חידושי צ"צ עהש"ס עה, ד ואילך. ליקוט הדעות השונות בכ"ז ראה בספר זכרון תרועה (י. שילת, ירושלים תשל"ה) ע' 252 ואילך. ובארוכה בספר הלכה למשה על תקיעות (אברהם רוטנברג,.ירושלים תשס"ט) פרק ב 120.'כמבואר כ"ז בסי' תק"ץ בשוע"ר, מ"ב, מט"א וכו 121 ראה פסקי תשובות סי' תקפ"ו אות ה' ובהנסמן שם 122 ראה בפסקי תשובות סי' תק"צ אות ב', ועוד 123 שוע"ר סי' תק"צ:ד 124 שוע"ר סי' תק"צ:ח,שם סעי י ז, וע ע חידושי צ צ עהש ס עו, ב לענין ג שברים 125 שוע"ר סי' תק"צ:ט 126 שוע"ר סי' תק"ץ ח-ט.שו ע סי' קלא, ס"ח וראה פסקי תשובות שם, מט"א תרכא, יד, ס המנהגים חב ד ע Torah says you may not bow down in a form similar to the Bais Hamikdash, which had stone floors. 128 'שוע"ר סי' תקצ"ב:ז וראה בפסקי תשובות תקצ"ב אות ג Page 7

8 Since the minhag is to hear a total of 100 Shofar sounds, blow extra afterwards to make up those sounds for a total 129 of ) The Chazan stands away from the Amud to have space to bow down without moving his feet. 4) Minhag Yisrael is to ensure children participate in some part of davening and tekios according to their age and 131 abilities (if they will not disturb others). 5) If possible, arrangements should be made to bring children to shul for Birchas Cohanim. Afternoon 1) If you already heard Shofar and are blowing for women or others who have not heard yet, have the listener say the brochos. If they don't know how to, for a man you make the berachos for them; for a woman who wants to hear 132 Shofar, blow without berachos. 2) Children may blow shofar after davening, but adults can only blow for a mitzvah for someone who has not yet 133 heard. 3) If one forgot Yaaleh veyavo in bentching by day, the din is the same as by night (above) - with one difference: If you already began the bracha of והמטיב,הטוב and therefore missed ויבוא,יעלה whereas by night you start bentching again, by day you finish bentching and skip ויבוא.יעלה (Because some maintain that one should fast on Rosh Hashana day. According to them, there is no meal and no bentching on Rosh Hashana. Though we don t 134 pasken this, we nonetheless don t go back) 4) We do not take a nap Rosh Hashana by day. Wasting time is like sleeping. Time should be used constructively. Some permit sleeping after chatzos ) Nothing may be prepared by a Yid from the first day to the second day ) Tashlich is after Mincha today. if you missed it, you may do it during Aseres Yemei Teshuva The Second Night of Rosh Hashanah: 139 1) Only after nightfall, tzeis (preferably after lighting candles), may preparations for the meal begin. 2) Candles should be lit after dark, and close to the time of the meal, and fire taken from a pre-existing flame. Two להדליק נר.2 שהחיינו 1. brochos are said 3) During,שהחיינו have in mind and in sight the new fruit (i.e. a seasonal fruit that is not readily available year round), 140.שהחיינו (or she could wear new clothing and have that in mind). But if you have nothing new, you still say 4) Those who are not eating at home should not forget to light candles. 5) The new fruit should be seen during Kiddush, so you have it in mind when saying.שהחיינו If the fruit is not present, new clothing is also good. But either way, the bracha is still said. 6) Immediately after Kiddush the new fruit is eaten (and שהחיינו is not said again). If one ate a כזית (as is the custom) a bracha achrona is said (on the fruit, but not on the wine.) Then we go wash for bread. Havdala.בשמים ונר We make havdala as a regular Motzei Yom Tov, without 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקצ"ב אות ג 129 שוע"ר תרכא, יב 130 מט"א תקפט ד, לקו ש חכ ט ע שוע"ר תקפ ה:ה, תקפ ט: ב 132 שוע"ר תקצו, ב 133 פסק"ת תקצז, א 134 שו"ע הרב תקפג, ח ומשנה ברורה תקפג, ט 135 שוע"ר סי' תקג, ג 136 שוע"ר תקפג, ז 137 מט"א בקצה המטה תקצח יב 138 שוע"ר תקיד, טו 139 שוע"ר תר, ו 140 Page 8

9 צום גדליה 1).עלות השחר The fast begins from 2) If you want to wake up and eat or drink before the fast, a Tnai needs should lechatchila be stipulated before going 141 to bed. 3) If starting to eat within a half hour before השחר,עלות do not eat המוציא or מזונות or alcoholic beverages more than the size of a,כביצה (this applies every day, not just a fast day) 142 4) Those who have difficulty fasting should ask a shalah by a Rav. 5) 143 No brushing teeth / mouthwash unless one is sensitive, but then be careful not to swallow. 6) 144 No candy or nosh even for children who are not fasting. 7).מנחה and שחרית by ויחל In Shachris we say special Slichos. We read 8) In Mincha, those who are fasting add עננו in קולנו.שמע (If one forgot and remembered after saying Hashem s 145.(יהיו לרצון before the second אלקי נצור say it after,שומע תפלה Name in the bracha of 9) 146 The minhag is to give צדקה by מנחה on a fast day, preferably the value of the meals you didn t eat. Aseres Yemei Teshuva: 1) Aseres Yemei Teshuva are seven consecutive days, including each of the days of the week. These days should be used for rectifying and completing the avodah that was done in the past year, and as a preparation for the avodah that will be done in the coming New Year. Sunday corresponds to all the Sundays of the year, etc., and Shabbos 147 Shuva corresponds to all the Shabbasos of the year. 2) During these days we should increase in Torah, Mitzvos and Tzedaka, and to minimize as much as possible 148 mundane affairs. We also are strict with חומרות we may not do year round. One who eats Pas Akum during the 149 year, should be careful during these days to only eat Pas Yisroel. 3) We examine our actions and do Teshuva - more so for averos we re unsure we transgressed than if we know for 150 sure, because those we regret with a complete heart. Particularly one should make sure to fix issues with one s 151 fellow man, by making amends and asking forgiveness.."שיר המעלות" we add ישתבח 4) Shacharis: After עושה השלום and ;לחיים זכרנו; מי כמוך; המלך הקדוש; המלך המשפט; וכתוב; ובספר חיים add: (5 In Shemone Esrei a. If one forgot "זכרנו" or כמוך" "מי or "וכתוב" or "ובספר" and remembers in middle of the bracha in which it is said, say it then. However, if Hashem s Name (of אתה ה ('ברוך was said, do not go back. המלך הקדוש and immediately remembered-correctly say הא-ל הקדוש b. If one said אתה חונן or already began to say,(תוך כדי דיבור and remembered a little bit later (after הא-ל הקדוש c. If one said, he returns to the beginning of Shemone Esrei. d. If one said "הא-ל" and did not yet say "הקדוש" one can correct himself. 152 e. If one is unsure if he said המלך הקדוש he should return to the beginning. המלך המשפט and immediately remembered-correctly say "מלך אוהב צדקה ומשפט" f. If one said g. If one said אוהב צדקה ומשפט" "מלך and remembered a little later (after כדי דיבור,(תוך or forgot totally, he תפלת נדבה finishes davening. However, it is best if he repeats Shemone Esrei as a 141 מ"ב סי' תקס"ד סק"ו 142 שוע"ר סי' ע:ה, פסקי תשובות סי' תקס"ד אות א, וע ע בשו ת בצל החכמה ח ג סי נ ב 143 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקס"ז אות א 144 'פסקי תשובות סי' תק"נ אות ג 145 'פסקי תשובות סי' תקס"ה אות ב 146 מ"ב סי' תקס"ו סקי"ב משנה ברורה סי' תר"ג סק"ב קיצור שו"ע סי' ק"ל סעיפים א-ב 149 שו"ע סי' תר"ג 150 שם 151 קיצור שו"ע סי' ק"ל:א 152 שוע"ר סי' תקפ"ב:א 153 מ"ב סי' תקפ"ב סק"ו 154 שוע ר סי תקפ ב:ב Page 9

10 6) The full Avinu Malkeinu is said each day of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah during Shacharis and Mincha (except for Mincha 155 of Erev Shabbos, Shabbos, and Erev Yom Kippur.) 7) In Avinu Malkeinu we say "כתבנו" as in all of the Aseres Yemei Teshuva ) Some have the minhag to continue saying Slichos during Aseres Yemei Teshuva. Shabbos Shuva: 157.הא-ל הקדוש instead of המלך הקדוש 1) In Magen Avos on Friday night we say 158 2) There are those who light תשובה ליכט" "א candle to burn all day Shabbos Shuva. 3) We omit נועם ואתה קדוש" "ויהי on Motzei Shabbos since there is Yom Kippur during the week ) We wait until after Yom Kippur to make Kiddush Levana as that is an auspicious time. כתיבה וחתימה טובה לשנה טובה ומתוקה! Rabbi Vigler שוע"ר תרב, ב 155 מט"א תרב, לב 156 מט"א תרב, לז 157.ספר המנהגים עמ' 58. בשם המהר"ל 158 מט"א תרב, מו 159 Page 10