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1 Chapter 1 : The Life of Hazrat Muhammad (SM) HubPages The Life of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 3 How It All Began Nearly four thousand years ago, in the Sumerian town of Ur in the valley of the river Euphrates, lived a young man named Abraham. The Holy Prophet Muhammad S. W is the last Messenger of Allah. Allah sent him to guide the humanity. After him, there is no need of another messenger of Allah. The chain of revelation from Allah ends on our Holy Prophet S. Life of Prophet Muhammad from Birth to Death: Our Holy Prophet Muhammad S. W took birth in CE in Makkah. W father had died before his birth. The name of his S. W grandfather was Abd al-muttalib. Abd al-muttalib took the responsibility of a guardian. He was the head of the tribe Quraish. W mother was Hazrat Bibi Aminah. She died when Holy Prophet S. W was only five to six years old. At the age of eight years, his S. W grandfather also passed away. Abu Talib was the uncle of Holy Prophet S. Abu Talib had also a respectable status in in Mecca. At the age of 12 years, he S. W and his uncle went to Syria. At the age of 25 years, a 40 years old woman named Khadija, a wealthy merchant, hired Holy Prophet S. The honesty of Holy Prophet Muhammad S. W inspired her and she proposed Holy Prophet S. W accepted her proposal and got married to Khadija R. W by the names of Al Ameen and Al Sadiq. At this time, there were idols in Kaaba. People used to worship idols. He used to go to the cave of Hira for meditation. At the age of 40 years, Allah sent his first revelation to him. W got terrified, came to the home and told the story to Hazrat Khadija. Waraqa, the old saintly man and the cousin of Hazrat Khadija confirmed that he S. W is the expected prophet of Allah. Hazrat Khadija accepted Islam first of all and remained with you in every difficulty. W with the verses of Holy Quran and the revelation of Holy Book completed in a period of 23 years. The Last Messenger of Allah: After the revelation, Holy Prophet S. W started preaching the message of Allah secretly. After a period of 2 to 3 years, he S. W started preaching openly. W carried on preaching. Many people converted to Islam this way including his S. W slaves, friends, and cousins. In a period of three years after the revelation, 40 people in total converted to Islam. His uncle Abu Lahab and other leaders of Quraish strongly opposed you. W did not stop. After all this, Quraish started beating and torturing the people who converted to Islam. They boycotted the Muslims. They also used to ridicule and humiliate Holy Prophet S. During the 10th year of Prophet after the death of Hazrat Muhammad S. W uncle and wife Khadija, he S. W migrated to Madina. W left for Yathrib for preaching. In Yathrib, he S. W established an Islamic Community. This way, Islam began to spread in the world. The group of Muslims left in Makkah also migrated to Madina. Enemies of Islam were against the spread of Islam. They started creating misfortunes for the Muslims in Medina too. Muslims and he S. W fought many battles including Badr, Khandaq, and Uhud etc. In the sixth year of Hijra, the treaty of Hudaybia took place. W conquered Makkah after the violation of Hudaybia treaty. The fall of Mecca opened a way to the spread of Islam now and all barriers removed. W performed his first and the last Hajj. After ten years of Migration to Madina, he S. W fell ill and died. W continued spreading the message of Allah till his last breath. This is all about Prophet Hazrat Muhammad S. W is a role model for us. He was sent for the betterment and guidance of humanity by Allah. His life has many moral lessons for us. We must try to follow the footsteps of our Holy Prophet Muhammad S. Page 1

2 Chapter 2 : Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet. Life of Muhammad: HTML Timeline PBS Muhammad (Arabic: Ù Ù Ø Ù Ù Ø â Ž; pronounced ; c. CE - 8 June CE) was the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet and God's messenger, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. The marriage was consummated after the Hegira to Medina, when she had reached the age of nine or ten years old. The Prophet used to embrace me during my menses. He also used to put his head out of the mosque while he was in Itikaf, and I would wash it during my menses. Various ahadith stating that Aisha was either nine or ten at the time of her consummation come from collections with sahih status, meaning they are regarded as reputable by the majority of Muslims. The sira of Ibn Ishaq edited by Ibn Hisham states that she was nine or ten years old at the consummation. One relates that when a companion asked Muhammad, "who is the person you love most in the world? He would often just sit and watch her and her friends play with dolls, and on occasion he would even join them. As the story goes, Aisha left her howdah in order to search for a missing necklace. Hence the caravan accidentally departed without her. Surah 24 details the Islamic laws and punishment regarding adultery and slander. Muhammad was just in the amount of time he spent with them and attention he gave to them. As a result, every time Zaynab offered some of this honey to him he would spend a longer time in her apartment. This did not sit well with Aisha and Hafsa bint Umar. Hafsa and I decided that when the Prophet entered upon either of us, she would say, "I smell in you the bad smell of Maghafir a bad smelling raisin. Have you eaten Maghafir? He replied to her, "No, but I have drunk honey in the house of Zainab bint Jahsh, and I will never drink it again. Why holdest thou to be forbidden that which Allah has made lawful to thee? Thou seekest to please thy consorts. Allah has already ordained for you, O men, the dissolution of your oaths in some cases: Muhammad, saddened and upset, separated from his wives for a month. By the end of this time, his wives were humbled; they agreed to "speak correct and courteous words" [69] and to focus on the afterlife. When he became ill and suspected that he was probably going to die, he began to ask his wives whose apartment he was to stay in next. They eventually figured out that he was trying to determine when he was due with Aisha, and they then allowed him to retire there. Much of her time was spent learning and acquiring knowledge of the Quran and the sunnah of Muhammad. During a time in Islam when women were not expected, or wanted, to contribute outside the household, Aisha delivered public speeches, became directly involved in war and even battles, and helped both men and women to understand the practices of Muhammad. This matter of succession to Muhammad is extremely controversial to the Shia who believe that Ali had been appointed by Muhammad to lead while Sunni maintain that the public elected Abu Bakr. As caliph, Abu Bakr was the first to set guidelines for the new position of authority. He wanted to promote the interests of the Umayyads. Aisha became enraged and spoke out publicly, saying, "How soon indeed you have forgotten the practice sunnah of your prophet and these, his hairs, a shirt, and sandal have not yet perished! The Muslim community became split: When Aisha realized the behavior of the crowd, Abbott notes, Aisha could not believe the crowd "would offer such indignities to a widow of Mohammad". With the journey to Mecca approaching at this time, she wanted to rid herself of the situation. Eventually the rebels broke into the house and murdered Uthman, provoking the First Fitna. The first to respond to Aisha was Abdullah ibn Aamar al-hadhrami, the governor of Mecca during the reign of Uthman, and prominent members of the Banu Umayya. When her forces captured Basra she ordered the execution of Muslims and 40 others, including Hakim ibn Jabala, who were put to death in the Grand Mosque of Basra. The battle is known as the Battle of the Camel, after the fact that Aisha directed her forces from a howdah on the back of a large camel. She subsequently retired to Medina with no more interference with the affairs of state. She was also awarded a pension by Ali. She expressed herself as a role model to women, which can also be seen within some traditions attributed to her. The traditions regarding Aisha habitually opposed ideas unfavorable to women in efforts to elicit social change. For this reason, Muslim feminists throughout the world are advocating a return to the society Muhammad originally envisioned for his followers. Despite differences in culture, nationalities, and beliefs, these women believe that the lesson to be learned from Muhammad in Page 2

3 Medina is that Islam is above all an egalitarian religion. Not only was Aisha supportive of Muhammad, but she contributed scholarly intellect to the development of Islam. Aisha was known for her " She was known for establishing the first madrasa for women in her home. Her discontinuation of public politics, however, did not stop her political influence completely. Privately, Aisha continued influencing those intertwined in the Islamic political sphere. Amongst the Islamic community, she was known as an intelligent woman who debated law with male companions. For the last two years of her life, Aisha spent much of her time telling the stories of Muhammad, hoping to correct false passages that had become influential in formulating Islamic law. According to Sunni hadith reports, Muhammad saw Aisha in two dreams [] [] in which he was shown that he would marry her. Page 3

4 Chapter 3 : LIFE STORY OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH) theinnatdunvilla.com The Life of Muhammad The Prophet. Author(s): Detailed account of the life and history of Prophet Muhammad (s), including his birth and early life, events in. Makkah was a city state well connected to the caravan routes to Syria and Egypt in the north and northwest and Yemen in the south. Muhammad was a descendant of Prophet Ismail through the lineage of his second son Kedar. Allah is the proper name of the One True God, creator and sustainer of the universe, who does not have a partner or associate, and He did not beget nor was He begotten. Unlike the word god, the word Allah does not have a plural or gender. Under the guardianship of Abu Talib, Muhammad s began to earn a living as a businessman and a trader. At the age of twelve, he accompanied Abu Talib with a merchant caravan as far as Bostra in Syria. The title Al-Ameen means the Honest, the Reliable and the Trustworthy, and it signified the highest standard of moral and public life. Soon after this trip when he was twenty-five, Khadijah proposed marriage to Muhammad through a relative. Muhammad accepted the proposal. At that time, Khadijah was twice widowed and forty years old. Khadijah ra and Muhammad s were the parents of six children - four daughters and two sons. His first son Qasim died at the age of two. He was nicknamed Abul Qasim, meaning the father of Qasim. His second son Abdullah died in infancy. The four daughters were: Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah ra. The original, pristine message of Prophet Ibrahim was lost, and it was mixed with superstitions and traditions of pilgrims and visitors from distant places, who were used to idol worship and myths. They used to spend some of their time away from this polluted environment in retreats to nearby hills. Muhammad s was forty when, during his one of many retreats to Mount Hira for meditation during the month of Ramadan, he received the first revelation from the Archangel Jibril Gabriel. On this first appearance, Gabriel as said to Muhammad: Muhammad replied, "I cannot read," as he had not received any formal education and did not know how to read or write. The Angel Gabriel then embraced him until he reached the limit of his endurance and after releasing said: Gabriel repeated the embrace for the third time, asked him to repeat after him and said: He created man from that which clings. Recite; and thy Lord is most Bountiful, He who has taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not. Thus it was in the year CE the revelation began. Muhammad s was terrified by the whole experience of the revelation and fled the cave of Mt. When he reached his home, tired and frightened, he asked his wife: After his awe had somewhat abated, his wife Khadijah asked him about the reason of his great anxiety and fear. She then assured him by saying: Khadijah then consulted with her cousin Waraqa who was an old, saintly man possessing knowledge of previous revelations and scriptures. Waraqa confirmed to her that the visitor was none other than the Angel Gabriel who had come to Moses. He then added that Muhammad is the expected Prophet. Khadijah accepted the revelation as truth and was the first person to accept Islam. She died at the age of sixty-five in the month of Ramadan soon after the lifting of the boycott in CE. Gabriel as visited the Prophet as commanded by Allah revealing Ayat meaning signs, loosely referred to as verses in Arabic over a period of twenty-three years. The revelations that he received were sometimes a few verses, a part of a chapter or the whole chapter. Some revelations came down in response to an inquiry by the nonbelievers. Gabriel also visited the Prophet throughout his mission informing and teaching him of events and strategy as needed to help in the completion of the prophetic mission. The mission of Prophet Muhammad s was to restore the worship of the One True God, the creator and sustainer of the universe, as taught by Prophet Ibrahim and all Prophets of God, and to demonstrate and complete the laws of moral, ethical, legal, and social conduct and all other matters of significance for the humanity at large. The first few people who followed this message were: They accepted Islam by testifying that: In the first three years of his mission forty people men and women accepted Islam. This small group comprised of youth as well as older people from a wide range of economic and social background. The Prophet was directed by a recent revelation to start preaching Islam to everyone. He then began to recite revelations to people in public and invite them to Islam. The Quraish, leaders of Makkah, took his preaching with hostility. The most hostile and closest to the prophet was his uncle Abu Lahab and his wife. Initially, they and other leaders of Quraish tried to bribe him with money and power including an offer to Page 4

5 make him king if he were to abandon his message. When this did not work, they tried to convince his uncle Abu Talib to accept the best young man of Makkah in place of Muhammad and to allow them to kill Muhammad. His uncle tried to persuade the Prophet to stop preaching but the Prophet said: I will keep preaching until Allah makes Islam prevail or I die. Those who were weak, poor or slaves were publicly tortured. The Muslims from well-to-do families were physically restrained in their homes with the condition that if they recant they will be allowed freedom of movement. In spite of great hardships and no apparent support, the message of Islam kept all Muslims firm in their belief. He advised Muslims to remain patient because he did not receive any revelation yet to retaliate against their persecutors. Eighty people, not counting the small children, emigrated in small groups to avoid detection. No sooner had they left the Arabian coastline, the leaders of Quraish discovered their flight. They decided to not leave these Muslims in peace, and immediately sent two of their envoys to Negus to bring all of them back. The emigrants were allowed freedom of worship in Abyssinia. The ban lasted for three years without the desired effect. Just before the ban was lifted, the Prophet was contacted by the leaders of Quraish to agree to a compromise under which they should all practice both religions i. Upon hearing this, the Prophet recited a revelation Chapter he had just received and which ends with the words: For you your religion and for me mine. She and her husband had emigrated to Abyssinia in the early years of persecution. The Prophet, recognizing her sacrifices for Islam, extended his shelter by marrying her. She joined the Prophet in Medinah, completing the marriage contract. After the death of his uncle Abu Talib, the Prophet went to Taif about 50 miles east, southeast of Makkah to seek their protection. They flatly refused and mocked at him, and severely injured him by inciting their children to throw stones at him. Gabriel as visited the Prophet here suggesting that the angels were ready to destroy the town if he were to ask Allah for the punishment. Nevertheless, the Prophet declined and prayed for future generations of Taif to accept Islam [Taif]. The Dome of the Rock]. It was on this journey that five daily prayers were prescribed. Upon hearing this, the people of Makkah mocked at him. However, when his specific description of Jerusalem, other things on the way, and the caravan that he saw on this journey including its expected arrival in Makkah turned out to be true, the ridicule of the nonbelievers stopped. Gabriel informed the Prophet of the plan and instructed him to leave Makkah immediately. The Prophet, after making arrangements to return the properties entrusted to him by several nonbelievers, left with Abu Bakr in the night he was to be assassinated. Upon discovery of his escape, the leaders of Quraish put up a reward of one hundred camels on him, dead or alive. The people of Aws and Khazraj in Medinah greeted him with great enthusiasm in accordance with their pledge made at Aqaba less than a year ago during the annual pilgrimage. One by one those Muslims men and women of Makkah who were not physically restrained, and who could make a secret exit, left for Medinah leaving behind their properties and homes. To insure the peace and tranquility, the Prophet proposed a treaty defining terms of conduct for all inhabitants of Medinah. It was ratified by all - Muslims, non-muslim Arabs and Jews. After his emigration to Medinah, the enemies of Islam increased their assault from all sides. In these battles until the year CE, the nonbelievers with encouragement from Jews and other Arabian tribes attacked the Prophet and Muslim community. The Muslims while defending their city and religion lost many men, which resulted in many widowed Muslim women and numerous orphaned children. In these circumstances, Prophet Muhammad s married several women during fifty-sixth year up to the sixtieth year of his life. He did not contract any marriage in the last three years of his life, following the revelation limiting the number of wives up to a maximum of four. This is the first time in the history of revealed scriptures that a limit on the number of wives was imposed and the terms of conduct were specified. Her husband had died of wounds inflicted in the Battle of Uhud CE. When the Prophet asked her for marriage, she replied: I am a very jealous woman, and I am afraid this might cause me to do things that you dislike. Secondly, I am an old woman. Finally, I have many children. As for your age, we are similar in age. As for the children, your children are mine. Two of his wives, Juwayriah and Safiyah, were prisoners of war. His marriages were also a means of transmitting important teachings of Islam. A year after the Battle of Allies Trench, the Prophet and fifteen hundred of his companions left for Makkah to perform the annual pilgrimage CE. They were barred from approaching the city at Hudaybiyah, where after some negotiations a treaty was signed allowing for them to come next year. Page 5

6 Chapter 4 : Ibn Kathir: The Story of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Prophet MUHAMMAD (S) Story Akbar Ali Network Islamic Channel Hazrat Musa Story in urdu Events of Prophet Musa's life (Urdu) - "Story of Prophet Musa in Biography of the blessed Prophet. Karen Armstrong Muhammad Muhammad is the founder and chief prophet of Islam and the source for the Quran. His father died shortly before his birth, and he lost his mother at the age of six. Muhammad was then raised primarily by his uncle, for whom he worked as a shepherd. At age 9 some sources say 12, he joined his uncle on a caravan to Syria. As a young man, Muhammad worked as a camel driver between Syria and Arabia. Soon he established a career managing caravans on behalf of merchants. Through his travel first with his uncle and later in his career, Muhammad came into contact with people of many nationalities and faiths, including Jews, Christians and pagans. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. At age 25, Muhammad was employed by Khadija, a wealthy Meccan widow 15 years his senior. The two were married, and by all accounts had a loving and happy marriage. Early records state that "[Allah] comforted him through her, for she made his burden light. In, at the age of 40, Muhammad returned from one such visit telling his wife he had either gone mad or become a prophet, for he had been visited by an angel. The initially startled Khadija became his first convert. Muhammad reported that while in a trance-like state, the angel Gabriel appeared to him and said "Proclaim! He replied, "I am not a proclaimer. Proclaim in the name of your Lord who created! Created man from a clot of blood. He was not an angel, he did not know the mind of God, he did not work miracles. He simply preached what he had received. In the first three years of his ministry, Muhammad gained only 40 followers. And as his teachings threatened the Meccan way of life, both moral and economic, he and his followers experienced heavy persecution. It first took the form of mockery, but soon turned into open violence. Members of the small movement were stoned, covered in dirt as they prayed, beat with sticks, thrown into prison and refused service by merchants. Hijira Persecution continued to increase until Muhammad received some welcome news: The city was in need of a strong leader, and a delegation from Yathrib proposed that Muhammad take the job. In return, they pledged to worship Allah only, obey Muhammad and defend him and his followers to the death. Allah revealed to Muhammad his approval of this arrangement, and Muhammad made plans to escape to Yathrib. See Mecca The leaders in Mecca heard of the planned escape, and attempted to prevent it. But Muhammad and his close friend Abu Bakr managed to make a narrow escape north out of the city, evading a Meccan search party and arriving safely in Yathrib. This event is celebrated by Muslims as the Hijira. The year in which it occurred,, is the date at which the Muslim calendar begins. Exercising superb statecraft, he welded the five heterogenous and conflicting tribes of the city, three of which were Jewish, into an orderly confederation In, the Muslims won their first battle against the Meccans. As the latter had a much larger army, the former took the victory as a sign that God was on their side. However, a subsequent battle was not victorious, and Muhammad himself was wounded. But in, the Meccans attacked Medina, and Medina came out on top. The prophet was not to lose again. In, Muhammad and his forces marched to Mecca and defeated it. Muhammad died in, having conquered nearly all of Arabia for Islam. Spread of Islam By, Islam had taken over the entire Arabian peninsula. Sources - " Muhammad. Haq, "Biography of Prophet Muhammad. Related Content Arabic calligraphy of the phrase, "peace be upon him. Page 6

7 Chapter 5 : The Life of Muhammad The Prophet Books on Islam and Muslims theinnatdunvilla.com The mission of Prophet Muhammad (s) was to restore the worship of the One True God, the creator and sustainer of the universe, as taught by Prophet Ibrahim and all Prophets of God, and to demonstrate and complete the laws of moral, ethical. He is the greatest of men and teachers ever born earth. There is none like him. He is the embodiment of all that is good, pure and noble. Before his birth Arabian was steeped in darkness, ignorance and superstition. The Arabs were ignorant and wicked and they led beastly lives. They were worshipers of many gods and goddesses and were given to all kinds of vices. The people of other countries of the world also had fallen on evil ways of life by that time. Hazrat Muhammad Sm was therefore, sent by Allah to correct the Arabs and to show the people of the world the right path. His father Abdullah died before his birth, and his mother Amena died he was only six. So he became an orphan when he was still an infant. He was brought up by a nurse named Halima. His grandfather, Abdul Muttalib and his uncle abu taleb took care of the boy. Early in life Hazrat Muhammad passed through many trials and sufferings. He got no opportunity for learning. But he was taught much higher things than book-knowledge by nature and the unseen hand of Allah. He was sent down by Allah for the good of mankind. From his boyhood he was thoughtful honest and truthful. He was called Al-Amin or the trusty one. He always thought about the evils of Arab life and how to save the Arabs from those evils. He was a man of word also and knew how to manage business and other affairs. He carried on trade under his uncle and went to Syria several times on commercial visits. Hazrat Muhammad Sm served for some time under a beautiful rich and accomplished widow named khadija. He managed her large business and won her confidence. At last at the age of 25 he married her and became the master of her vast wealth. But wife and riches had no effect on his character. He retired to the cave of mount Hira and meditated on the problems of life and death. At last at the age of forty light dawned upon him and he got the new truth. The new faith was first accepted by his wife khadija. A few others also accepted it and became his disciples. But a great many of the fierce Arabs were furious when they heard of the new religion of Islam. They a first tried to persuade him to refrain from preaching it and promised to give him whatever he wanted. Than they put every difficulty in his path. Subjected his followers to sever tortures and tried to kill him. So for the sake of religion he sent many of his followers to medina and than in A. This is called the Hijrat from this date the Islamic era Hijri began. The people of media warmly welcome him. Many of them accepted his faith. But the people of Mecca attacked medina several times to kill the prophet and to wipe out Islam. Thus the prophet and his followers were forced to fight a number of battles like Badar, Ohud and khandak. But every time the evils designs of the oppressors of Mecca were foiled. At last the prophet conquered Mecca in A. The prophet did not take any retaliation. He taught the people the virtue of forgiveness. He asked them to do well to others and worship Allah. The Quran was revealed to him by Allah and the hadith which contains his sayings taught the Muslims many noble virtues to make them a great world force later on. This great and novel soul passed away in A. But his work and teachings remain and will be followed as long as the world lasts. He made Muslims brothers of one another, built a great nation and powerful state. At present one fifth of the people of the world are the followers of this great and noble prophet. Page 7

8 Chapter 6 : A Short Biography of Prophet Muhammad Qur'anic Studies Prophet Muhammad was born in CE (Common Era) in the city of Mecca in the Arabian Peninsula, part of modern day Saudi Arabia. As his father had died shortly after marriage, his grandfather 'Abd al-mu t t alib became his guardian. His genealogy has been traced to the noble house of Ishmael, the son of Prophet Abraham in about the fortieth descend. Before he was six years old his mother died, and the doubly orphaned Muhammad was put under the charge of his grandfather Abdul Muttalib who took the most tender care of him. But the old chief died two years afterwards. On his deathbed he confided to his son Abu Talib the charge of the little orphan. When Muhammad was twelve years old, he accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a mercantile journey to Syria, and they proceeded as far as Busra. The journey lasted for some months. It was at Busra that the Christian monk Bahira met Muhammad. He is related to have said to Abu Talib: The fair character and the honorable bearing of the unobtrusive youth won the approbation of the citizens of Mecca, and b y common consent he received the title of "Al Ameen," The Faithful. In his early years, Muhammad was not free from the cares of life. He had to watch the flocks of his uncle, who, like the rest of the Bani Hashim, had lost the greater part of his wealth. From youth to manhood he led an almost solitary life. The lawlessness rife among the Meccans, the sudden outbursts of causeless and bloody quarrels among the tribes frequenting the Fair of Okadh The Arabian Olympia, and the immorality and skepticism of the Quraish, naturally caused feelings of pity and sorrow in the heart of the sensitive youth. Such scenes of social misery and religious degradation were characteristic of a depraved age. When Muhammad was twenty five years old, he traveled once more to Syria as a factor of a noble and rich Quraishi widow named Khadijah; and, having proved himself faithful in the commercial interests of that lady, he was soon rewarded with her hand in marriage. This marriage proved fortunate and singularly happy. Khadijah was much the senior of her husband, but in spite of the disparity of age between them, the most tender devotion on both sides existed. This marriage gave him the loving heart of a woman who was ever ready to console him in his despair and to keep alive within him the feeble, flickering flame of hope when no man believed in him and the world appeared gloomy in his eyes. Until he reached thirty years of age, Muhammad was almost a stranger to the outside world. Since the death of his grandfather, authority in Mecca was divided among the ten senators who constituted the governing body of the Arabian Commonwealth. There was no such accord among them as to ensure the safety of individual rights and property. Though family relations afforded some degree of protection to citizens, yet strangers were frequently exposed to persecution and oppression. In many cases they were robbed, not only of their goods, but even of their wives and daughters. At the instigation of the faithful Muhammad, an old league called the Federation of Fudul, i. When Muhammad reached thirty-five years, he settled by his judgment a grave dispute, which threatened to plunge the whole of Arabia into a fresh series of her oft-recurring wars. Each tribe claimed that honor. The senior citizen advised the disputants to accept for their arbitrator the first man to enter from a certain gate. The proposal was agreed upon, and the first man who entered the gate was Muhammad "Al-Ameen. He ordered the stone to be placed on a piece of cloth and each tribe to share the honor of lifting it up by taking hold of a part of the cloth. The stone was thus deposited in its place, and the rebuilding of the House was completed without further interruption. It is related that, about this time, a certain Usman, Ibn Huwairith, supported by Byzantine gold, made an attempt to convert the territory of Hijaz into a Roman dependency, but the attempt failed, chiefly through the instrumentality of Muhammad. These are nearly all the public acts related by historians in which Muhammad took part in the first fifteen years of his marriage to Khadijah. As for his private life he is described to have been ever helpful to the needy and the helpless. His uncle Abu Talib had fallen into distress through his endeavors to maintain the old position of his family. Khadijah bore Muhammad three sons and four daughters. About this time, Muhammad set a good example of kindness, which created a salutary effect upon his people. His wife Khadijah had made him a present of young slave named Zaid Ibn Haritha, who had been brought as a captive to Mecca and sold to Khadijah. When Haritha heard that Muhammad possessed Zaid, he came to Mecca and offered a large sum for his ransom. Henceforward Zaid was called the son of Muhammad. Muhammd was now approaching his fortieth year, and Page 8

9 his mind was ever-engaged in profound contemplation and reflection. His two visits to Syria had opened to him a scene of unutterable moral and social desolation, rival creeds and sects tearing each other to pieces, carrying their hatred to the valleys and deserts of Hijaz, and rending the townships of Arabia with their quarrels and bitterness. For years after his marriage, Muhammad had been accustomed to secluding himself in a cave in Mount Hira, a few miles from Mecca. To this cave he used to go for prayer and meditation, sometimes alone and sometime with his family. There, he often spent the whole nights in deep thought and profound communion with the Unseen yet All-Knowing Allah of the Universe. It was during one of those retirements and in the still hours of the night, when no human sympathy was near, that an angel came to him to tell him that he was the Messenger of Allah sent to reclaim a fallen people to the knowledge and service of their Lord. Renowned compilers of authentic traditions of Islam agree on the following account of the first revelations received by the Prophet. Muhammad would seclude himself in the cave of Mount Hira and worship three days and nights. He would, whenever he wished, return to his family at Mecca and then go back again, taking wihim the necessities of life. Thus he continued to return to Khadijah from time to time until one day the revelation came down to him and the Angel Gabriel Jibreel appeared to him and said: In the Name of Your Lord, Who has created all that exists, has created a man from a clot a piece of thick coagulated blood. And your Lord is the Most Generous, Who has taught the writing by the pen, has taught man that which he knew not. Then the Prophet repeated the words with a trembling heart. He returned to Khadijah from Mount Hira and said: He told Khadijah what had occurred and that he was becoming either a soothsayer or one smitten with madness. He will surely not let such a thing happen, for you speak the truth, you are faithful in trust, you bear the afflictions of the people, you spend in good works what you gain in trade, you are hospitable and you assist your fellow men. Have you seen anything terrible? When she told him of what she had heard, he cried out: He will be the prophet of his people. Tell him this and bid him to be brave at heart. They will call you a liar, they will persecute you, they will banish you, and they will fight against you. Oh, that I could live to those days. I would fight for these. The first vision was followed by a considerable period, during which Muhammad suffered much mental depression. The angel spoke to the grieved heart of hope and trust and of the bright future when he would see the people of the earth crowding into the one true faith. His destiny was unfolded to him, when, wrapped in profound meditation, melancholy and sad, he felt himself called by a voice from heaven to arise and preach. O you Muhammad enveloped in garments! And your Lord Allah magnify! Khadijah was the first to accept his mission. She was to believe in the revelations, to abandon the idolatry of her people and to join him in purity of heart and in offering up prayers to Allah the Almighty. At the beginning of his mission, Muhammad - hereinafter called the Prophet - opened his soul only to those who were attached to him and tried to free them from the gross practices of their forefathers. The Prophet used often to go into the desert around Mecca with his wife and young cousin that they might together offer their heart felt thanks to the Lord of all nations for His manifold blessings. He said to the Prophet: It is meet that I should thus call upon you and it is meet that you should accept the truth and help in spreading it. He was followed by Abu Bakr, a leading member of the Quraish tribe and an honest, wealthy merchant who enjoyed great consideration among his compatriots. He was but two years younger than the Prophet. His adoption of the new faith was of great moral effect. Soon after, five notables presented themselves before the Prophet and accepted Islam. Several converts also came from lower classes of the Arabs to adopt the new religion. For three weary long years, the Prophet labored very quietly to deliver his people from the worship of idols. Polytheism was deeply rooted among the people. It offered attractions, which the new faith in its purity did not possess. The Quraish had personal material interests in the old worship, and their prestige was dependent upon its maintenance. The Prophet had to contend with the idolatrous worship of its followers and to oppose the ruling oligarchy, which governed its destinies. After three years of constant but quiet struggle, only thirty followers were secured. An important change now occurred in the relations of the Prophet with the citizens of Mecca. His compatriots had begun to doubt his sanity, thinking him crazy or possessed by an evil spirit. Hitherto he preached quietly and unobtrusively. He now decided to appeal publicly to the Meccans, requesting them to abandon their idolatry. For this he arranged a gathering on a neighboring hill and there spoke to them of their folly in the sight of Allah in worshipping pieces of stone which they called their gods. He invited them Page 9

10 to abandon their old impious worship and adopt the faith of love, truth and purity. He warned them of the fate that had overtaken past races who had not heeded the preaching of former prophets. But the gathering departed without listening to the warning given them by the Prophet. Having thus failed to induce his fellow citizens to listen to him, he turned his attention to the strangers arriving in the city on commerce or pilgrimage. But the Quraish made attempts to frustrate his efforts. They hastened themselves to meet the strangers first on different routes, to warn them against holding any communication with the Prophet, whom they represented as a dangerous magician. When the pilgrims or traders returned to their homes, they carried with them the news of the advent of the bold preacher who was inviting the Arabs loudly - at the risk of his own life - to abandon the worship of their dear idols. Now the Prophet and his followers became subject to some persecution and indignity. Amidst all these trials the Prophet did not waver. He was full of confidence in his mission, even when on several occasions he was put in imminent danger of losing his life. Page 10

11 Chapter 7 : Holy Prophet Muhammad Biography - Life of Prophet Muhammad(SAW) some cheerful moments from the life of prophet muhammad WHO WILL BUY THIS SLAVE Hazrat Anas says: A villager named Zaher bin Haram (r.z) used to bring good from his village to sell them in Madinah. Who Wrote the History of Islam and How? When he was seventeen years old, he was married to Amina, a high-born lady of Yathrib, a city in the north of Makkah. He was not, however, destined to live long, and died only seven months after his marriage. Muhammad, the future apostle of God, was a posthumous child. His midwife was the mother of Abdur Rahman ibn Auf. His mother, Amina, sent the tidings of the auspicious birth to his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, who came, took him in his arms, and gave him the name Muhammad. This is proof that prophets can inherit property, and if they can inherit property from their parents, they can also bequeath property to their own children. Being a prophet does not disqualify them from receiving their own patrimony nor does it disqualify their children from receiving theirs. This statement may appear to be a non-sequitur in this context but it is not. Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, may God bless him and his Ahlul-Bait, had bestowed upon his daughter, Fatima, as a gift, the estate of Fadak. But when he died, Abu Bakr, the khalifa, and Umar, his adviser, seized the estate on the plea that prophets do not bequeath any property to their own children, and whatever wealth they possess, belongs, after their death, not to their children, but to their umma the people. It is a grim penalty that one has to pay in Islam for being the son or daughter of its Prophet. It was a custom among the Quraysh to send their children into the desert to spend their early years in a climate that was more salubrious than that of Mach. Children built up stronger bodies in the wide open spaces and pure air of the desert than they could in the stifling and noisome air of the City. There was one more reason why the Arab aristocrats sent their children to live in the desert. They were fascinated by the Arabic language, its words, their meanings and the various nuances of their meaning; and they took great pride in their own eloquence. In fact, the upper classes in Makkah predicated their authority on their rhetorical power. The Arab aristocrats did not want their children to learn and to speak the pidgin Arabic of Makkah; they wanted them to speak only the pure and uncontaminated language of the desert. They, therefore, sent their children away from Makkah to protect them from all such deleterious effects during the early years of their lives. Amina gave her child, Muhammad, to Halima, a woman of the tribe of Banu Asad, living in the east of Makkah, for nursing. The infant Muhammad spent the first four years of his life in the desert with his wet-nurse. Sometime in the fifth year of his life, she is reported to have brought him back to his mother in Makkah. Muhammad was six years old when Amina, his mother, died. He was then taken by Abdul Muttalib, his grandfather, to his home. But only two years had passed when Abdul Muttalib also died. He then asked them who among them wanted his power and authority as the leader of the tribe, and who among them would take charge of the boy who had lost both parents. Most of his sons showed much eagerness to be named the leader of the tribe but no one volunteered to take charge of Muhammad. As Abdul-Muttalib surveyed the assembly and contemplated the future of the boy, Muhammad, an uneasy silence fell over the scene. Abu Talib, one of his sons, stepped forward and said that he wanted the son of his late brother, Abdullah, and that he had no interest in authority and power. He decided to make Abu Talib not only the guardian of Muhammad but also the guardian of the clan of Banu Hashim. Abdul Muttalib announced on his death-bed that his son, Abu Talib, would succeed him as the new chief of Banu Hashim, and that he would also be the guardian of Muhammad. He then ordered the assembly to acknowledge Abu Talib as the new leader of Banu Hashim. The latter complied, and was then dismissed. History ratified the judgment of Abdul Muttalib. His son and successor, Abu Talib, discharged both duties most honorably. Before his death, he charged his son, Abu Talib, to look after Muhammad. The Life and Times of Mohammed, Abu Talib and his wife were very happy and proud to receive Muhammad into their family. They took him not into their home but into their hearts, and they loved him more than they loved their own children. Abu Talib was a man of great dignity and commanding presence. Occasionally, he himself accompanied a caravan to supervise the sale and purchase of merchandise in the foreign markets. Young Muhammad is reported to have traveled with him to Syria with one of the caravans when he was twelve years old. Early in life, Muhammad, the future prophet, built up a Page 11

12 reputation for truthfulness, integrity and sound judgment. They brought their cash, jewelry, and other valuables to him for safe-keeping, and whenever they wanted anything back, he returned it to them. They called him Amin trustworthy and Sadiq truthful. Sir William Muir Endowed with a refined mind and delicate taste, reserved and meditative, he Mohammed lived much within himself, and the pondering of his heart supplied occupation for leisure hours spent by men of a lower stamp in rude sports and profligacy. Life of Mohammed,, p. Though he was present in the campaigns of this war, he did not take any part in fighting. He did not kill or wound anyone, thus showing at this early period, his hatred of bloodshed. He is, however, said to have picked up arrows from the ground, and to have given them to his uncles who were fighting. A few years later, Muhammad was admitted as a member into the League of the Virtuous. As mentioned earlier, this League had pledged itself to protect the weak, to oppose the tyrants and the oppressors, and to put an end to exploitation in all forms. It is noteworthy that it was the clan of Banu Hashim, to which Muhammad, the future prophet belonged, which inaugurated the League of the Virtuous. Was it a mere coincidence? There is no way to answer this question. But by their demarche, the Banu Hashim had declared war upon iniquity and injustice. They made it clear that they would not connive at the crimes of the strong against the weak; nor would they acquiesce in the exploitation of the poor by the Quraysh of Makkah. Not many years later, Muhammad was to launch a program for the reconstruction of human society the economic component of which would comprehend precisely the destruction of exploitation. Montgomery Watt The League of the Virtuous seems to have played an important part in the life of Mecca, and in large part to have been directed against the men and the policies to which Mohammed later found himself opposed. In particular his clan of Hashim came to have a leading role in the League of the Virtuous. Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman, Page 12

13 Chapter 8 : Muhammad - ReligionFacts The Life of Muhammad: An Inconvenient Truth Timeline of Muhammad's Life (A.D) - Born in Mecca - Orphaned upon death of mother - Marries Kadijah - older, wealthy widow. The man who wanted to sell his camel 7. Mercy of our Prophet Muhammad peace be upon Him toward others 1. A Mercy Towards non Muslims and his Enemies. The Prophet and the Appreciation of Women 3. A Mercy for Children 5. Mercy toward Animals 1. She could not sleep all night, because she was too eager to take revenge for the idols she worshiped. Even before the first ray of sunlight had entered her window, she was busy sweeping her house. She saved all the garbage in a basket, placed it on the roof of her house and proudly looked at it for a while, then with an impatient look on her face, she looked at the street that she lived on, and thought, "No one has ever seen him angry. Everybody will praise me when they will see him shouting at me and getting mad. They will laugh at him and make fun of him. Meanwhile, she heard footsteps, announcing the approach of the end of her waiting. She picked up the basket in her hands and threw all the garbage on him when he passed by. She did the same the following day thinking, "Maybe this time I will be able to annoy him. She misinterpreted his attitude as fear and decided to repeat the same mischief everyday in order to keep him frightened, so that he might stop preaching the Oneness of God. This gentleman whom the woman hated so much was Muhammad pbuh, the last prophet of Allah Almighty. He did not want to disappoint the woman and so continued to walk down the street everyday, instead of picking an alternate route, and prayed for the woman to recognize the Truth. One day, the Holy Prophet Muhammad pbuh did not find the woman to be on the roof of her house with the basket. This worried him, because he thought something must have happened to her for not being over there. So he knocked at the door. Muhammad pbuh entered the house and told the woman that not finding her on the roof had worried him and he thus wanted to inquire about her health. On finding out how ill she was, he gently asked if she needed any help. He kindly gave her some in a utensil and prayed for her health, while she quenched her thirst. This made her feel very guilty for being so cruel to him in the past and she apologized for her mean behavior. He forgave her and came to her house everyday to clean it, to feed her and to pray for her, till she was on her feet again. The kind attitude of the Holy Prophet pbuh inspired her into the recognition of the Truth, and his prayers were answered in the form of yet another addition into the growing number of Muslims. The holy prophet pbuhf ate one, two, three and then the whole bunch of grapes by himself. He did not offer grapes to anyone present. The poor man who brought those grapes was very pleased and left. One of the companions asked, "O prophet of Allah peace be upon Him! How come you ate all the grapes by yourself and did not offer to any one of us present? The holy Prophet peace be upon Him smiled and said, "I ate all the grapes by myself because the grapes were sour. If I would have offered you, you might have made funny faces and that would have hurt the feelings of that poor man. I did not want to hurt the feelings of that poor man. One of the companions volunteered: We will be honored to do all this on our own. W was going somewhere at noon and it was too hot in the desert when He S. W saw an old woman carrying her luggage on her head. W helped her and took the luggage from the woman and carried it for her.. W asked the woman that where she was going and why? She said that I am leaving this town as I have heard that a magician named Muhammad S. W is in town. As Holy Prophet Muhammad S. W was very patient and kind, He S. The old lady kept complaining that why she was leaving the town. In short the basic reason of her to leave the town was her misconception about Muhammad S. While walking with the Holy Prophet peace be upon Him, that old women noticed that this young man have a brightness on his smiling and humble face. And she also noticed that His sweat is perfumed. She was very impressed. When they reached the destination, Muhammad S. W put down the bag and was about to leave when the old woman said,"o, kind person! At least tell me your name! W replied,"i am the person because of whom you left the town. As he ground the grains he was crying. On seeing this Prophet became anxious. He asked the slave the reason why he was weeping. The slave said, "I am sick. I cannot grind the grain. My master is very cruel and he will beat me if I cannot finish my job. I will do it for you. Another time, the Prophet peace be upon him saw an old man walking and trembling under the weight of water which he carried in a leather jacket. The old man walked a Page 13