Hatha-Yoga gb;ksx dk laf{kir ifjp;

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Hatha-Yoga gb;ksx dk laf{kir ifjp;"

Winifred Baldwin
6 years ago
Views:

1 1 Hatha-Yoga gb;ksx dk laf{kir ifjp; Hatha Yoga is also called as Hatha-vidya. The basic book of Hatha Yoga is Hatha-yog-pradipika. The book was written by Swatmaramyogi during 15 th Century. The Hatha-yoga said to be preparatory stage of Physical and mental Purification which is essential for the body practices for higher meditation. gb;ksx dks gbfo k Hkh dgk tkrk gsa gb;ksx dh eq[; iqlrd gb;ksx&iznhfidk gsa gb;ksxiznhfidk dk 15oha 'krkcnh es a LokRekjke;ksxh us fy[kk FkkA gb;ksx dks 'kjhfjd vksj ekufld 'kqf) dh izkéir dš fy, vko';d dgk tkrk gs] ftlls fd 'kjhj mpp lk/kuk gsrq rs;kj gks ldsa vfkkzr~ blls 'kjhj vksj eu LoLFk vksj lrst gksdj nwljs ;ksxks a dš fy, mi;ksxh cu tkrs g A bldš lk/ku ls ;ksxh {kq/kk&r`".kk] funzk&vkyl;] 'khrks".k] vkf/k&o;kf/k] jksx&'kksd] tjk&ck/kzd; vkfn }U}&lewg ij fot; ykhk djrs g A Hatha-yoga is of two types 1. As advised by Goraksh-Muni in Six Angas; and 2. As advised by Markandey-Muni in Eight Angas. The purpose of both of these is same. gb;ksx nks izdkj dk gs 1- xksj{k&eqfu dk N% vax okyk ;ksx] 2- ekdz.ms; eqfu dk vkb vax okyk ;ksxa bu nksuks a dk mís';,d gh gsa Hatha-yog-pradipika contains four chapters. First Chapter contains the teachings about Aasana (Posures). For the Yogic practices and control the body-diseases aasanas are very important. There are said to be thirtytwo aasana for practice. Main Asanas explained the book are Swastika-

2 2 aasan, Gomukha-aasan, Veera-aasan, Koorma-aasan, Kukuta-aasan, Ardha-kurma-aasan, Dhanura-aasan, Matsayendra-aasan, Paschimatan-aasan, Mayura-aasan, Shava-aasan, Sidhaa-aasan, Padma-aasan, Sihna-aasan, Bhadra-aasan. Apart from the above there are some important aasana are Vajra-aasan, Chakra-aasan, Trikonaaasan, Janushirsha-aasan, Bhujanga-aasan, Shalbha-aasan, shashanga-aasan, Hala-aasan. The basic purpose of these aasanas is to keep the body flexible and fit for the further practice of Yoga. But as regard to the higher level of yoga i.e. for Samadhi only Sidha-asan, Ardhpadma-aasan and Padma-aasan are useful. Apart from the Aasans he has also advised for adopting of Yam-Niyama as advised in the Raj-yog by Maharishi Patanjali. With the performance of theses aasanas the mind-control is also achieved by the Sadhak (Yogi). gb;ksx&iznhfidk es a pkj v/;k; g A izfke v/;k; es a vkluks a dš ckjs es a f'k{kk nh xbz gsa ;ksxkh;kl vksj jksxfuokj.k dš vkluks a dk cgqr gh egùo gsa ;ksxkh;kl dš iz/kku :i ls 32 cùkhl vklu g A gb;ksx&iznhfidk es a LokfLrdklu] xkseq[kklu] ohjklu] dßekzlu] dþddþvklu] v/kzdßekzlku] /kuqjklu] erl;sunzklu] if'peksùkkuklu] ew;jklu] 'koklu] fl)klu] in~eklu] flagklu vkfn dk o.kzu fd;k x;k gsa budš vfrfjdr otzklu] pøklu] f=dks.kklu] tkuq'kh"kkzlu] Hkqtaxklu] 'kyhkklu] 'ka'kkxklu] gyklu vkfn Hkh egùoiw.kz vklu g A bu vkluks a dk eq[; mís'; 'kjhj dks yphyk cukuk gs fd ftlls vkxs ;ksxkh;kl es a lqfo/kk gks ldsa tcfd mpp ;ksxlk/kuk ¾ lekf/k gsrq fl)klu] v/kz&in~eklu vksj in~eklu gh mi;ksxh gksrs g A vkluks a dš vfrfjdr bl v/;k; es a egf"kz ir tfy }kjk mifn"v ;e&fu;eks a dk Hkh mins'k fd;k x;k gsa bu vkluks a dš lk/kd dk eu fu;éu=r gksrk gsa Second Chapter contains the teachings on Pranayama (yogic breathing which creates Energy Control) and Shatkarma. Pranayama is one of the strongest advise in this school of teaching. According to Rajyog there are three parts of Paranayama namely Poorak, Kumbhak and

3 3 Rechak, Where as in the Hatha-yog main stress is on Kumbhak. Before performing Kumbhak Paranayama, the nerve-purification is to be achieved. There are eight types of Kumbhak, namely Suryabhedan, Ujjayi, Seetkari, Sheetali, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Moorcha, Plavini. Each one is explained in detail in the second chapter. Apart from the above Shatkarma is also explained and advised for the Yogis. Shatkarma includes :- gb;ksxiznhfidk dš nwljs v/;k; es a izk.kk;ke vksj "kv~dez dh f'k{kk nh xbz gsa gb;ksx es a izk.kk;ke dh f'k{kk cgqr gh egùoiw.kz gsa jkt;ksx dš vuqlkj izk.kk;ke dš rhu vax g iwjd] jspd vksj dþehkda tcfd gb;ksx es a dþehkd LorU= fø;k dš :i es a fxuk x;k gs vksj blij cgqr vf/kd cy fn;k x;k gsa dþehkd izk.kk;ke dks djus ls iwoz ukm+h 'kqf) dks djuk pkfg,a gb;ksx esa dþehkd dš vkb izdkj g lw;zhksnu] mttk;h] lhrdkjh] 'khryh] HkfL=dk] Hkzkejh] ewpnkz,oa IykfouhA bu vkbks a izdkj dš dþehkdks a dk bl v/;k; es a folrkj iwozd o.kzu fd;k x;k gsa izk.kk;ke dš lkfk&lkfk blv/;k; ea s "kv~deks ± dk Hkh o.kzu djrs gq, ;ksxh dš fy, bldš leiknu dk fo/kku gsa "kv~dez fueu izdkj ls g 1. Dhouti-karma With the help of Dhouti-Kriya body can be maintained as disease free and health-full. Under this karma Vayu-Dhouti, Agni-Dhouti, Jal-Dhouti and Vastra-Dhouti are commonly performed by the Yogis. With this the chest abdomen is cleaned. But the persons effected by diseases and who are freely enjoying the material world and living sexual life, cannot perform Dhouti-Karma easily. 1- /kksfrdez /kksfrdez ls 'kjhj jksxjfgr vksj LoLFk fd;k tkrk gsa /kksfrdez es a ok;q&/kksfr] vfxu&/kksfr] ty&/kksfr vksj ol=&/kksfr dš vh;kl izpfyr g A jksxh vksj Hkksfx;ks a dš fy, bldk vh;kl djuk dfbu gsa blls mnj vksj o{k%lfky LoPN gksrs g A 2 Neti-Karma Neti is performed through nose. A thread is entered

4 4 through the nose and brought out from mouth. With the help of this throat and head (specifically nose) is cleaned. 2- usfr&fø;k uklk dš }kjk usfr&fø;k dh tkrh gsa bl fø;k es a uklk es a,d /kkxk Mkydj mls eq[k ls fudkyk tkrk gsa bl fø;k ls d.b vksj yykv fuezy gksrs g A 3 Basti-Karma Yogis are normally performing Jal-Basti and Sthal- Basti to clean the stomach and intestine and clear the waste from the body. Jal-basti is done by intaking the water into intestine through anus. 3- célr&fø;k ;ksxh yksx ty&célr] LFky&cÉLr vkfn dš }kjk ikd&lfkyh dš vksj vku= dš nwf"kr vksj lafpr ey dks fudky nsrs g A ty&célr es a xqnkekxz ls ty dks vku= es a ys tk;k tkrk gs] ftlls vku= dk ey Hkh ty dš lkfk ckgj fudy tkrk gsa 4 Tratak-Karma Tratak-Yog is normally performed in three ways. Yogi has to keep on seeing the following objects continuously and without moving the eye-lashes - (a) against the rising sun or moon in the sky; (b) against one s eyes in the mirror; and (c) against the eyes of other person. With the help of Tratak-yog, yogi achieves a higher level concentration and one s eye-sight is also improves. 4- =kvd&dez =kvd&;ksx lkeku;r% rhu izdkj ls fd;k tkrk gsa 1- mn;dkyhu lw;z&punz dš izfr gb;ksx( 2- izfrfcec es a viuh vk [kks a dš izfr( vksj 3- nwljs dh vk [kks a dh n`f"v dš izfr] iydghu vksj vfoépnuu n`f"v j[kuk gh =kvd&;ksx gsa blls,dkxzrk] /kkj.kk&'kfdr vksj n`f"v&'kfdr dh o`f) gksrh gsa 5 Naouli-Karma Here in this act the yogi bend forward by lowering shoulders, and move its stomach with speed from left to right and right to left. With the Naouli-karma the apetite gets better and digest all the things. 5- uksfy&dez uksfydez es a ;ksxh vkxs dh vksj du/kks a dks >qdkrs gq,] mnj es a xfr

5 5 ls ck;ha vksj ls nk;ha vksj rfkk nk;ha vksj ls ck;ha vksj xfr djrk gsa uksfydez ls ikpu 'kfdr es a o`f) gksrh gs vksj ;ksxh lhkh dþn ipkus es a lefkz gksrk gsa 6 Kapalbhanti-Karma Performing the Rechak and Poorak Pranayam simultaneously with high speed is called Kapalbhanti. 6- dikyhkkfr&dez dikyhkkfr dez es a jspd vksj iwjd fø;k dks yxkrkj xfr ls fd;k tkrk gsa Third chapter explains the Kundalani and Mudras (Poses). According to this theory Kundalani is the base for all type of Yoga. (But in the Rajyog, neither Maharishi Patanjali nor Maharishi Vyas has not even mentioned Kundalani or given any reference to its need for the yogic practices.) Apart from Kundalani, he has explained ten types of Mudras (Poses) namely Mahamudra, Mahabandh Mudra, Mahavedh Mudra, Khechari Mudra, Uddayan Mudra, Moolbandh Mudra, Jalandharbandh Mudra, Vipreetkarni Mudra, Vrajoli Mudra, and Shaktichalan Mudra. Apart from these Uddayan-bandh Mudra, Matsasya Mudra, Sheershaasan Mudra, Yog Mudra, Sarvangaasna Mudra and Sahaj-Sheershaasan Mudra are also popular. According to Hatha-yoga, with the help of this yogi can keep Old-age and Death away, i.e. he can keep himself fit and healthy during the life time and survives longer. gb;ksx&iznhfidk dš rhljs v/;k; es a dþ.myuh vksj eqnzkvks a dk o.kzu fd;k x;k gsa gb;ksx dš vuqlkj dþ.myuh lhkh izdkj dh ;ksfxd&fø;kvks a dk vk/kkj gsa ¼ijUrq nwljh vksj u rks egf"kz ir tfy vksj u gh Hkk";dkj egf"kz O;kl us jkt;ksx es a u rks dþ.myuh dk dksbz myys[k gh fd;k gs] vksj u gh ;ksx dš leiknu gsrq bldh dksbz vko';drk gh le>h gsa½ dþ.myuh dš vfrfjdr bl v/;k; es a nl izdkj eqnkvks a dk Hkh o.kzu fd;k x;k gsa eqnzk;s a Lo:ir% vkluks a dš gh izdkj&hksn g A 'kjhj dš Luk;q rurq vksj ekalisf'k;ks a dks

6 6 lcy cukuk vkluks a dk dke gs vksj vur%lzkoh xzéufk;ks a dks lfø; vksj lcy j[kuk eqnzkvks a dk dke gsa eqnzk;s a fueu g egkeqnzk] egkcu/k eqnzk] egkos/k eqnzk] [kspjh eqnzk] mm~m;u eqnzk] ewycu/k eqnzk] tkyu/kjcu/k eqnzk] foijhr dj.kh eqnzk] oztksyh eqnzk,oa 'kfdrpkyu eqnzka budš vfrfjdr mm~m;u&cu/k eqnzk] erll; eqnzk] 'kh"kkzlu eqnzk] ;ksx eqnzk] lok±xklu eqnzk vksj lgt'kh"kkzlu eqnzk Hkh izpfyr g A gb;ksx dš vuqlkj budš vh;kl ls ;ksx o`)kolfkk vksj e`r;q dks nwj j[k ldrk gs vfkkzr~ ;ksxh thoudky es a LoLFk jgrs gq, yeck thou thus es a lefkz gksrk gsa Fourth Chapter contains the Samadhi i.e. the high state of concentration. He shortly stresses following of Pratyahara, which is sense withdrawal; Dharana, which is concentration on an object or subject; Dhyana, which is meditation. He stresses various means and angas which are explained earlier are needed to achieve the Kaivalya. Here it is also stressed the need for performing some poses like Khechari, Shambhavi and Unmani Mudras. With the help of these acts he gives importance to theory of Sound i.e. Nada which is heard by the yogi inside during the Samadhi. gb;ksx iznhfidk dš prqfkz v/;k; es a lekf/k dk o.kzu fd;k x;k gs ftldk /;ku dh mppkolfkk dgk gsa bles a la{ksi ls izr;kgkj vfkkzr~ béunz;ks a dk fuxzg] /kkj.kk vfkkzr~,d fo"k; ij /;ku yxkuk vksj /;ku dks dgk gsa gb;ksx iznhfidk dš jpf;rk dš vuqlkj fofhkék lk/ku vksj ;ksxkax tks iwoz dš v/;k;ks a es a of.kzr g ] mu lhkh dk leiknu dœoy; ykhk dš fy, vko';d gsa bl v/;k; es a mugks aus [kspjh] lehkkoh vksj mueuh eqnzkvks a dš leiknu vksj vh;kl dks Hkh iqu% dgk gsa bu fø;kvks a dš leiknu dš lkfk ukuk izdkj dš uknks a dk Hkh o.kzu fd;k x;k gs] tksfd ;ksxh dks lekf/k dh volfkk es a vur%dj.k es a lqukbz nsrs g A Apart from the above, the following acts are also performed under the Hatha-yoga : mijksdr fø;kvks a dš vfrfjdr] gb;ksx es a fueu fø;kvks a dk Hkh leiknu gksrk gs

7 Sun-bath By taking the sun-bath regularly but for the limited period daily, one gets rid of skin diseases. 1- vkri&luku /kwi es a vuko`r 'kjhj dks ifjfer vksj fu;fer :i ls j[kus ls pezjksxkfn vksj dþ"b tslh O;kf/k;ks a rd dk fouk'k gks tkrk gsa 2. Water Bath By taking the bath the in the flowing river specifically on regular basis, one keeps the body healthy, clean and fit. 1- ty&luku tyk'k; es a fo'ks"k dj dš lzksrélouh unh es a fu;ekuqlkj voxkgu Luku djus ls 'kjhj fujksx LoPN vksj ÉLuX/k gks tkrk gsa 3. Nasa-pan i.e. drinking water with the nostrils. In the early morning, by keeping the fresh water in a pot, with the wider mouth, near the mouth and nostrils are dipped into the pot. Now with the help of the nostrils one has to suck the water slowly and absorb the same in the body. With this type of water drinking disease creating germs cannot stay in the nostril and upper portion of head and body remains healthy and fit. 1- uklk&iku vfkkzr~ ukfldk dš }kjk ikuh ihuka Å"kk dky es a iz'klr vksj xehkhj ik= es a ty j[kdj ty ik= dks eq[k dš lehi j[kdj uklkju/kzks a dks mles a Mqcks dš uklkju/kzksa ls gh /khjs&/khjs ty vkd"kz.k dj Hkhrj dks ysuk vksj ih ysuk gh uklk&iku gsa blls 'kjhj dš vunj jksxks a dš chtk.kq uklkju/kz rd fvd ugha ldrs g ] vksj 'kjhj fujksx jgrk gsa 4. Jal-Pan (Water-drinking) Under this process, one has to drink water only in the morning itself, as per one s power, after washing the mouth. If you feel thrust then drink water sometime before meal in the afternoon, then after some of meal drink water and also in the night drink water regularly. This process is called water-drinking. This also helps one to keep the body fit and healthy. 1- ty&iku izkr%dky funzk Hkax gksus dš lkfk eq[k /kksdj ;Fkk'kfDr dšoy ikuh gh ih ysuk] fiiklk gks rks nksigj dš [kkuk [kkus ls dþn igys ikuh ysuk, [kkuk [kkus dš

8 8 dþn le; ckn ikuh ih ysuk vksj jkr dks Hkh lksus ls igys fu;fer ikuh ih ysuk gh tyiku gsa blls Hkh 'kjhj fujksx jgrk gsa Critical analysis of Hatha-yoga gb;ksx fo k dk rkfdzd foospu The hatha-yoga as available in Hath-yog-pradipika, is only 4-5 centuries old. The great Yogi Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati, founder of Arya Samaj, got the education of all four types of Yoga from various of preachers / teachers. In his learning age, he had performed all types of Yoga and concluded that RajYog as explained in the Yog-sutras of Patanjali is the only best in order to achieve the ultimate goal of one s life i.e. to achieve oneself and God. gb;ksx&iznhfidk es a mifn"v gb;ksx dšoy ek= 4&5 'krkcnh iwoz dh fo k gsa 19oha 'krkcnh dš egku ;ksxh egf"kz n;kuun ljlorh] lalfkkid vk;z lekt] dks lhkh pkj izdkj dh ;ksxfo k dh f'k{kk fofhkék xq#vks a dš ek/;e ls feyh FkhA vius v/;;u,oa f'k{k.k dky es a mugks aus lhkh izdkj dh ;ksxfo kvks a dk vh;kl fd;k FkkA bl izdkj dš vh;kl ls mugks aus ;g fu.kz; fudkyk fd euq"; tue dš véure y{; eks{k izkéir vksj ijekre&lk{kkrdkj gsrq dšoy vksj dšoy ek= egf"kz ir tfy }kjk mifn"v jkt;ksx gh mikns; gsa egf"kz ir tfy us jkt;ksx dh f'k{kk ;ksxlw=ks a es a nh gs] tksfd ;ksxn'kzu dš uke ls izfl) g A According to him Hathyog ka prakar ekdam bahut tamasha hai. Usmein Basti arthaat guda ke raste se pani chadakar sansodhan karna. Tratak arthaat palak bina jhapke taktaki lagakar dekhna. Neti arthaat nasika mein sutra dalkar mukh se nikalna. Dhoti arthaat lambe se lamba dhoti ka tukra (Mukh ke raste) pet mein dalkar phir nikalna. Is prakar ka tamasha rachne ko khatpat karke kabhi yog sidh hoven to sadho. Prantu in kamon se to rog hi paida hoten hain. (Poona Pravachan 11)

9 9 egf"kz n;kuun dš vuqlkj gb;ksx dk izdkj,dne cgqr rek'kk gsa mles a ^célr* vfkkzr~ xqnk dš jklrs ls ikuh p<+kdj la'kks/ku djuka =kvd vfkkzr~ iyd fcuk >idk;s VdVdh yxkdj ns[kuka usfr vfkkzr~ ukfldk es a lw= Mkydj eq[k ls fudkyuka /kksfr vfkkzr~ yecs ls yeck /kksfr dk VqdM+k ¼eq[k dš jklrs½ isv es a Mkydj fqj fudkyuka bl izdkj dk rek'kk jpus dks [kviv djdš dhkh ;ks sx fl) gksos rks lk/kksa ijurq bu dkeks a ls rks jksx gh isnk gksrs g A ¼iwuk izopu 11½ - Hathyog is a type of play only. In Basti karma, one intake the water into the intestine through the anus and cleans it. Under Tratak one keeps on seeing without moving the eye-limbs. Under Neti-karma one puts in the thread through Nostril and brings out from mouth. In Dhoutikarma one intake the long cotton cloth (small in width) into the stomach from mouth and then bring out. By these type of plays, if one thinks Yog (controlling the business and affairs of mind) can be performed, then let him do. But by these activities normally body gets infected by various diseases. (As said in Poona Pravachan 11). As he had got full practical knowledge of Hatha-yog and Raj-yog, so he had considered it not useful for achievement goal of Human Life i.e. Salvation and also it is not required at all for the performance of Rajyog. egf"kz n;kuun us gb;ksx vksj jkt;ksx nksuks a dh gh f'k{kk izkir dh Fkh] vius vh;kl vksj Kku dš vk/kkj ij mudk fu.kz; Fkk fd gb;ksx ekuo dš y{; izkéir es a mi;ksxh ugha gs vksj u gh jkt;ksx es a mifn"v v"vkax ;ksx vkfn dš leiknu gsrq bldh dksbz vko';drk gh gsa It is claimed in the Hatha-yog-pradipika that it is essential for the achieving the salvation (=Kaivalya) i.e. detachment of soul from matter. Where as in this book, it is nowhere defined what are the causes of attachment of soul with the matter, i.e. transmigration of soul in the

10 10 world (=Bandha). Nor it explains how those causes can be stopped / removed to achieve salvation, as are explained in Yog-Darshan by Patanjali and Vyas, and in Sankhya-Darshan by Kapil and other vedic literature. It is very clear by these external activities like postures (asanas), pranayama (breath control), body purification procedure (Shatkarma), poses (Mudras) salvation cannot be achieved. The actual procedure for achieving the salvation is explained by Patanjali in Yog-sutras and Kapil in Sankhya-sutras. gb;ksx iznhfidk es a ;g er LFkkfir fd;k x;k gs fd gb;ksx dk leiknu eks{k&izkéir vfkkzr~ izïfr dš cu/kuks a ls NwVus gsrq vko';d gsa nwljh vksj bl xzufk es a dgha Hkh iq#"k dš izïfr dš cu/ku es a vkus dš dkj.kks a dk o.kzu ugha fd;k x;k gs( vksj u gh mu dkj.kks a dks nwj djus dš mik;ks a dk gh o.kzu fd;k x;k gsa cu/ku dš dkj.kks a vksj mudks nwj djus dš mik;ks a dk folrkj ls o.kzu egf"kz ir tfy us ;ksx n'kzu rfkk egf"kz dfiy us lka[; lw=ks a es a fd;k gsa bl izdkj ls bl fo k dk o.kzu vu; vk"kz osnkuqdßy lkfgr; es fd;k x;k gsa ;g cgqr gh Li"V gs fd ;ksx dš bu cká vaxks a ;Fkk vklu] izk.kk;ke] "kv~dez] eqnzkvks a vkfn dš leiknu ls fdlh dks eks{k dh izkéir ugha gks ldrha eks{k izkéir dk oklrfod funs Z'ku rks egf"kz ir tfy dš ;ksx lw=ks a vksj egf"kz dfiy dš lka[; lw=ks a es a feyrk gsa Further the book contains in total 389 verses (Shalokas). About 60% verses are in the nature of self-praising only. Out of remaining concepts in 10% verses are taken from Patanjali s yog-sutras and about 30% of verses explain the concepts of Hatha-yoga. gb;ksx iznhfidk es a dþy 389 'yksd g A bues a ls yxhkx 60 izfr'kr 'yksd gbfo k dk Lo&xq.kxku djrs g A 'ks"k 'yksdks a es a ls Hkh 10 izfr'kr 'yksdks a es a egf"kz ir tfy }kjk mifn"v ;ksxfo k dš dþn vaxks a dk gh o.kzu fd;k x;k gs vksj 'ks"k 30 izfr'kr 'yksd gb;ksx fo k dk o.kzu djrs g A

Brief description of YOGA ;ksx dk laf{kir ifjp;

Brief description of YOGA ;ksx dk laf{kir ifjp; Yog was mainly classified in two types 1. Vaishiyik Yog; and 2. Parmarthik Yog. izkphu dky eü ;ksxfo k dh nks 'kk[kk;s a izpfyr gqbz 1- os"kf;d ;ksx] 2-