2008 APe EtJJlOPEAN HJSTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUltj.'TIONS
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1 G er peocs' klat-r Revo; t DCL 2008 APe EtJJlOPEAN HJSTORY FREE-RESPONSE QUltj.'TIONS /--- EUROPEAN HISTORY SECTIONTI Part A (Suggested writing time-45 minutes) Percent of Sedion TI srore-45 DiredioDs: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exencise. Write your answer on the lined pages of the Section n free-response booklet. 'Ibis question is designed to test your ability to work with and unders~d historical documents. Write an essay that: Provides an appropriate, explicitly stated thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question and does NOT simply restate the question. Discusses a majority of tlle. documents individually and specifically. De:rnonstrates understanding of the basic meaning ofa majority of the documents. Supports the thesis with appropriate in.terpret:a.tions ofa majority ofthe documents. Analyzes the documents by explicitly grouping them in at least three appropriate ways. Takes into account both the soun::es of the documents and the authors' points of view. You may refer to relevant historical information not mentioned in the documents. ~ 1. Analyze the causes of and the responses to the peasants' revolts in the German states, ls Historical Background: In late 1524, peasants, craftsmen, and poor soldiers formed bands and pillaged throughout a large area of the Holy Roman Empire. During the revolt, some of the rebel bands authored statements of grievances called Articles. Although :most bands did not coordinate their activities, several groups met in Mcmmingen, Swabia, during March 1525 at a gathering known as the Peasant Parliament. After Ii!. series of battles, the authorities managed to suppress the revolts. More than 100,000 rebels and others were killed. ~ 2008 The College BOard. All rights reserved. Visit apcentral.collegeboard.rom (forap professionals) and (for students and parents). -2
2 2001 ~ EUIlOPBAIT HISTORY FBEE-JU:SP()NSE QUE$TIOIIS PEASANT REVOLTS IN 1HE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE a i I.. General area of conflict Area of severe conflict _ Bouudary of tbe Holy Roman Empire ~ The College Board. All rights reserved. Visit ap<:entra1.collegcboard.com (for AP professionals) and (for students and parents). -,~---' -s..
3 2008,Ap8 EIDlOPBAIl HlSTORY nlbe-ilbsponse OUBSTlONS DocUlllent 1 Source: Leonhard von Eck, Chancellor ofbavaria, report to Duke Ludwig ofbavaria, Februa:ry This rebellion has been undertaken to repress the princes and the nobility and has its ultimate SOUl"Ce in Lutheran teaching, for the peasants relate the majority oftheir demands to the Word of God, the Gospel, and brotherly love. The peasants are blinded,led astray, and made witless. Ifthese peasants promised today that they would give their lords no further trouble, they could change their minds within an hour. DoeumelUl Source: Sebas.tian Lotzer, craftsperson and lay preacher, and Christoph Schappeler, preacher from Memmingen, Twelve Articles ofthe Swabian Peasants, March I, We will not allow ourselves hereafter to be oppressed by our lords but will let them demand only what is just and proper according to the agreement between lords and peasants. Lords should no longer try to force more services or other dues from peasants without compensation. Peasants soould, however, help lords when it is necessary and at proper times when it does not disadvantage the peasant and for a suitable compensation. Doemnent3 Source: Peasant Parliament of Swabia to the Memmingen Town Council, from Articles of the Peasants ofmemmingen, March 3,1525. Hitherto we have been held as your poor serfs, which is pitiable, given that Christ has purchased and redeemed us with His precious blood. just as He has the Emperor. But it is not our intention to reject all authority. We will be obedient to all authority appointed by God in all fair and reasonable ~ers, and we do not doubt that as Christian lords you will release us from serfdom The College Board. All rights reserved. Vim ap;;entral.c:.ollegtboa.rd.a:ml (for AP professionals) and (for students and parents)....
4 2008 Ar BUROPEAW IDS"l'ORY J'RB..ItE.SPONSE QUESTIONS Document 4.../ Source: Reply of the Memmingen Town Council to the Articles ojthe Peasants oj Memmi1lgen, March 15, On the article coocerning serfdom: we, your lord&, purchased this right for a considerable sum of money, and the serfdom of a Christian is no hindrance to the salvation of his soul. However. so that you, the subjects, may see and recognize the council's good will, the council will release and absolve its subjects from such serfdom that the council controls. In return the peasants shall pay us a reasonable amount of money... l>ocumedts Source: Pastor Johann Herolt, :report of the events at Weinsburg, April 'he: peasants arrived so unexpectedly that the count and his subordinates could not return to the castle and had to remain in town with the citizens. The peasants scaled the castle walls, captured the countess and her children, plundered the castle, and then appeared before the town. The townsfolk were peasant supporters. They opened the gates and towers to the peasants and let them in. DaeumeDt6 Source: Thomas Miintzer, preacher and theologian. open letter to the people of Allstedt, April 27, HowJoog~.yPJJ gmngjo.jeslstgod s will? The whole of Germany~France, and Italy are awake. Four abbeys were laid waste during Easter week. More peasants in the Black Forest have risen., 3,000 strong! Hammer away on the anvils of the princes and lords, cast down their towers to the ground! 2008 The College &ard. All rights reserved. Vwt apcent:ral.c0llegeooard.com (for AP professionab) and (for students and parents)...5 GOONTOTHEMDITPAG~
5 aooa Ar EOROPEAN HISTORY FIlBB RESPONSE QUESTIOI1S ~- DocumeD1: 7 Source: Martiu Luther, theologian.. Against the Murdering, Thieving Hordes ofpeasants,. Wittenberg, May The peasants forgot their place, violently took matters into their own hands, and are robbing and raging like mad dogs. It is clear that the assertion they made in their Twelve Articles were IIOthing but lies presented under the name ofthe Gospel. This is particularly the work of that devil, Thomas Milntzer, who rules at Miihlhausen. The peasants are not content with belouging to the devil themselves; they force and compel mauy good people to join their devilish league. Anyone who consorts with them goes to the devil with them and is guilty ofall the evil deeds that they commit. DocumentS Source: Lorenz; Fries, chiefadvisor to the Archbishop ofwiirzburg. secret report regarding a peasant assembly. June 1, ~ The peasants occupying Wiirzburg were heard to say publicly that, since they were supposed to be brothers with one another, they believed the rich should share with the poor, especially those rich persons who had acquired their property from trade or had otherwise wonit from the poor. The same was heard from many peasants in the countryside, where many a prosperous man, who had hitherto observed and taken pleasure in the peasants' uprising, began to scratch his head and to reflect on what a troublesome outcome the affair might have. Document 9 Source: Caspar Niltzel. Numberg town councilor, letter to Duke Albert ofprussia, August 5,1525. May God grant that the peace be preserved. It is indeed true that the poor, blind, and igllol'<ld1 peasants have overstepped the mark with their. unseemly behavior. No reasonable person.:ould deny how unreasonably, unchristian, indeed, how excessively the authorities have torn out the hair oftheir subjects, whom they should aid, defend, and rule rather than fleece.,~ 2008 The College Board. All rights reserved. Vwt apcentralrollegeboard.com (for APprofes.sionaIs) and (for students and parents)....
6 2008 AP- EUROPEAN HISTORY ntbe-rbsponse OUESTlORS Document 10 (---. ~' Sourc~ Christoffel von Lichtenstein, nobleman, legal plea for leniency to Count Wilhelm von Henneberg, August Many other nobles saved their lives and goods and joined the peasants because no help or consolation had been sent by the territorial prince. As an old man, I begged that the peasants should not force me to swear an oath of allegiance to them, in view ofthe fact that I bad grown up with their parents, gone to school with them. and now in my old age had done them no hann, only good. 'That was to no avail. I had to swear the oath. Document 11 Source: Count Wilhelm von Henneberg, letter to Duke Albert of Prussia, February 2,1526. At first the nobility looked on, unawares that misfortune was creeping up on us, for it pleased them well that the rebellion attacked the priests and the monks. Now, when the peasants had eaten all that was in the monasteries and drunk up and consumed all that was available, they fell upon the nobility's houses, took all that they found in them, and burnt them down. Docoment12 Source: Decree of the Imperial Diet* ofspeyer, August 27, /---"", / In the last year, terrible, unprecedented, and unchristian rebellion b-y subjects occurred tlu"ougb almost all parts ofsouthem Germany~ Therefore his Imperial Majesty expressly co11lll18.llded that earnest examination be made so that such disturbance and rebellion be prevented in the future. The common man rather grievously forgot himselfin the recent disturbance and acted violently against his authorities. In order that he might perceive that the grace and compassion ofhis superiors is greater and milder than his senseless deeds and actions, each authority shall have power to restore to their previous honorable estate those subjects who have surrendered unconditionally and been punished. *The formal assembly of imperial councilors and officials advising Emperor Charles V / 2008 The College Board. All rights reserved. Visit apantral.rollegeboard.com (for AP professionals) and (for students and parents) /' -7
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I simply taught, preached, and wrote God s Word; otherwise I did nothing. And while I slept, or drank Wittenberg beer with my friends the Word so
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So what went wrong? I mean, something much have gone wrong or we'd be talking about Saint Martin Luther, patron saint of abbots or something, right?
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