Unit II Spiral Exam: The Age of Exploration The Industrial Revolution (85 points total) DO NO WRITE ON THIS SECTION OF THE TEST

Transcription

1 Unit II Spiral Exam: The Age of Exploration The Industrial Revolution (85 points total) DO NO WRITE ON THIS SECTION OF THE TEST DIRECTIONS Please answer the following multiple- choice questions with the best possible answer. No answer will be used more than once. (55 1 point each = 55 points total) 1) Prior to Christopher Columbus trip to Latin America in 1492, there were many Native- American civilizations that grew out of Latin America. What food producing activity did many of these civilizations base their societies around? a. Hunting and gathering b. Trade with neighboring tribes c. Agriculture or farming d. Fishing 2) This revolutionary scientist developed the world s first working telescope that helped to jumpstart the Scientific Revolution. He would be called before the Inquisition for his crimes and die under house arrest. Who was he? a. Galileo b. Nicolas Copernicus c. Sir Francis Bacon d. Sir Isaac Newton 3) Following the Reformation, Europe descended into a turbulent period of religious bloodshed and violence. What was the name of the treaty that eventually brought some peace to the Protestant and Catholic peoples of Europe? a. The Treaty of Versailles b. The Peace of Augsburg c. The Treaty of Paris d. The Peace of Montpelier

2 4) This farmer- turned- general was the leader of armies loyal to the British Parliament during the English Civil War and eventually ruled England as a religious dictator. Who was he? a. Napoleon Bonaparte b. Joseph Stalin c. Oliver Cromwell d. William the Conqueror 5) When the Spanish Men s and Women s Olympic basketball team posed for the cameras doing the slit- eyed gesture, what was this an example of that we have to be cautious of when studying other cultures? a. Segregation b. Racism c. Stereotyping d. Ethnocentrism 6) What was the name given to the male servants of the Ottoman sultan who also looked after his wives? (Hint: The lacked their manhood ) a. Concubines b. Eunuchs c. Serfs d. Janissaries 7) The Declaration of the Rights of Man is France s version the Declaration of Independence, a document, crafted by the moderates, that proclaims their dedication to the ideals of the Enlightenment and the throwing off of the hated rule of King Louis XVI. What was the motto of this document and eventually the revolution itself? a. No Taxation Without Representation b. Prosperity, Equality, Fraternity c. Peace, Land, Bread d. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

3 8) The Triangle Trade between Africa, America, and Europe, specializing in the buying and selling of human beings. What was another name for this trading route, in particular the sea- lanes between the western coast of Africa and the colonies of the Caribbean Sea? a. The Marco Polo Bridge b. The Central Passage c. The Northwest Passage d. The Middle Passage 9) Following the conquest and colonization of the New World, the Spanish and Portuguese went about maximizing their investment by building massive plantations and ranches. Slave labor was imported from Africa to work these establishments. What did the Europeans call these plantations? a. Manors b. Encomiendas c. Courts d. Estates 10) The Ottomans were one of the most successful civilizations in history at bringing quick peace and security to the new areas of the world that they conquered. Besides their advanced military tactics and support, what made the Ottomans so successful when dealing with conquered peoples? a. Their ability to convert people quickly to Islam and make them life- long converts b. Their sultans were able to inspire confidence and dedication with their leadership both on and off the battlefield c. Conquered people were generally afraid of what might happen if they tried to revolt against Ottoman rule d. They were extremely tolerant of other ethnic groups religious and cultural practices, as long as they paid taxes to the Ottoman sultan 11) Anthropology is one of the main areas that helps us to analyze and interpret different cultures from around the world. But what is anthropology the study of? a. Creationism b. Government c. Mankind d. Culture

4 12) During the Age of Reason (also known as the Enlightenment), this British philosopher believed that people by nature are wicked and selfish, therefore the only way to control them is through a strong government like an absolute monarchy. He also preached the idea of a social contract between the ruler and the citizenry. Who was he? a. John Locke b. Voltaire c. Cesare Beccaria d. Thomas Hobbes 13) During the Age of Exploration, this group helped to spark the hunt for new lands and the desire of Europeans to go out and explore new areas of the world. (Hint: they also caused problems for Europe during the Middle Ages) a. The British b. The Romans c. The Vikings d. The Ottomans 14) Following the French Revolution, France descended into a period of mass executions, political turmoil, and radical politics known as the Reign of Terror. However, hope was on the horizon. What French general came in to restore order and eventually ruled France as a dictator? a. Napoleon Bonaparte b. Maximilian Robespierre c. Louis XIV d. Charles de Gaulle 15) Scientists and anthropologists have debated for many years as to when and how the first native Americans arrived on the shores of Latin America. What is the most- widely accepted scientific theory of how people got to the New World? a. The Noah s ark theory b. The creationism theory c. The land- bridge theory d. The migration theory

5 16) The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that changed the way Europeans thought about government and themselves. Which enlightened philosopher wrote about the idea of a natural rights rights that no one government can take away from their citizens (Hint: Thomas Jefferson plagiarized him in the Declaration) a. John Locke b. Thomas Hobbs c. Voltaire d. Rousseau 17) Over the next four- hundred (400) years, over nine (9) million African men, women, and children are estimated to have been captured, chained, and sold as part of the African slave trade and Europe s demand for cheap labor. What was a reason why African slaves were seen as more attractive a product then Native American slaves? a. Their knowledge of the territory was better b. They were physically built better c. They had immunities to European diseases d. They could be captured and sold in bulk for little cost 18) During the French Revolution, the people of France (particularly the poor) despised and hated the upper levels of French society, who controlled all of the wealth and power. What was the name given to this French class system? a. The estate system b. The caste system c. The leveled system d. The pyramid system 19) What was the nickname associated with the forces loyal to the monarchy during the English Civil War? (Hint: they were distinguished by their flashy clothes / style ) a. The Rebels b. The Roundheads c. The Cavaliers d. The Tories

6 20) What was one (1) of the major motivators for Europeans when it came to exploring new areas of the world during the Age of Discovery? a. Winning glory and recognition for their conquests b. Exploring and successful mapping new lands c. Looking for sources of trade and valuable spices d. Looking for an all- water route to Asia 21) The Renaissance brought about a renewed interest in art and culture in Europe after the horrors of the Middle Ages. What philosophy dominated this era, stressing the idea of human potential and using your gifts for the betterment of all mankind? a. Imperialism b. Militarism c. Nationalism d. Humanism 22) Though not a huge empire in Latin America, what was one (1) of the ways that the Aztecs maintained their power over their civilization? a. An advanced government b. An complex system of roads c. A powerful and feared military d. A system of local chiefs and governors 23) All anthropologists, when in the field, try to minimize mistakes and provided clear evidence of a new discovery by using a series of steps known as what? a. Question and Answer Methods b. Scientific Questioning c. The Scientific Method d. The Anthropological Method 24) The Incas controlled large tracts of Latin America for over three hundred (300) years and where one of the best civilizations when it came to responding to crisis, though they failed miserable when it came to dealing with the invading Spanish. What innovation did the Incas use to spread the word of internal problems from one end of the empire to the other? a. An advanced government b. An complex system of roads c. A powerful and feared military d. A system of local chiefs and governors

7 25) This particular Enlightenment was kind of the Jon Stewart of his day, using satire in his many plays, books, and essays to draw attention to the abuses of the Catholic Church and stress the need for religious tolerance in European society, especially in his home country of France. Who was he? a. John Locke b. Thomas Hobbs c. Voltaire d. Rousseau 26) This important French attorney- turned- politician was the leader of the radical Jacobin movement in revolutionary France and eventually gained executive power, ushering in the Reign of Terror and the horrors of public executions by guillotine. Who was he? a. Cesare Beccaria b. Maximillian Robespierre c. Jean Jacques Rousseau d. Suleiman the Magnificent 27) In the 1790 s, a number of Latin American colonies rose up in revolt against their European masters. What was the name of the former slaver- turned- businessman in Haiti who led this island nation to independence? a. Toussaint l'ouverture b. Simon Bolivia c. Padre Morales d. George Washington 28) During the Scientific Revolution, European scientists and thinkers challenged many of the commonly held scientific teachings of the Catholic Church with theories we still use today. What was the name given to the out- dated Church theory that the Earth is the center of the universe and all planets, stars, and moons revolve around us rather then the sun? a. Heliocentric Theory b. Gravity Theory c. Geocentric Theory d. Theory of Weights and Measurements

8 29) This segment of European medieval society was the foundation on which the self- sufficient manors were built. By their long hours of labor, heavy taxes, and isolated social class, the lords who controlled the manors were able to turn a profit. What was this segment of society called? a. The lower class b. The workers c. The peasants d. The serfs 30) Powerful absolute monarchs known as the czars once ruled Russia. What famous Russian czar helped to establish Russia as a major world power following the Times of Trouble and turmoil of the Middle Ages? a. Nicholas II b. Ivan the Terrible c. Peter the Great d. Catherine the Great 31) Prior to the start of the Middle Ages, Europe was a very chaotic place. What form of government, based on land and loyalty, came along to help bring law and order back to Europe? a. Totalitarianism b. Feudalism c. Democracy d. Absolute monarchy 32) This French religious leader originally started off as a follower of Martin Luther before breaking off and developing his own religious ideas. This new direction preached the abolition of the Catholic Church and the creation of a new religious order for Europe. What was the name of this disciple- turned- leader, whose teachings can still be found in Protestant works today? a. Agamemnon b. Jim Jones c. Leo X d. John Calvin

9 33) Just like the knights of Medieval Europe, the samurai of ancient Japan believed in a very strict code of ethics that governed their behavior in everyday life. What was the name of this code of conduct that was later adopted by the Japanese military in World War II? a. Seppuku b. Kamikaze c. Bushido d. Toyota 34) Known as the Lawgiver, this gifted Ottoman sultan created lasting reforms within the Ottoman Empire while writing laws that are still on the books. Who was he? a. Suleiman b. Muhammad c. Louis d. Peter 35) This Chinese teacher and philosopher developed the principles of filial piety because he believed that in order for a society to survive, it needed to look to its elders for wisdom and experience. Who was he? a. Confucius b. Aristotle c. Meng- zi d. Lucretius 36) This British monarch helped to spark civil war in England, led loyalist troops against Parliament, and eventually lost his head as a result of the English Civil War. Who was he? a. King Charles II b. Queen Elizabeth I c. King William I d. King Charles I

10 37) This Reformation- inspired group, known for their conservative views of technology and their slow simple life, rallied around their leader Jacob Ammen and eventually immigrated to the New World, searching for religious freedom. Who were they? a. The Mennonites b. The Anabaptists c. The Amish d. The Lutherans 38) This Chinese philosophy was developed by the absolute monarchs of China as a way to justify their rule and develop a father- figure - like image with the Chinese people. What was it called? a. Filial Piety b. Mandate of Heaven c. Ancestor Worship d. Christianity 39) This British group was created in the 1200 s as a kind of advisory board to the British king, but would start to gain a lot of power during the English Civil War. What was this group called? (Hint: Think British Congress & C- SPAN) a. The Senate b. The Council c. The Parliament d. The House 40) This group developed in Germany and Switzerland following the Reformation and broke away from the Anabaptists under the leadership of a former Catholic minister named Menno Simons. Who was this group? a. The Amish b. The Mennonites c. The Baptists d. The Catholics 41) In 313 AD, the Roman emperor Constantine issues an order that made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. What was the name of this proclamation? a. The Twelve Tables b. The Edict of Mize c. The Edict of Milan d. The Emancipation Proclamation

11 42) What was the name of group of Christian church elders who formalized a final set of practices and rules that turned the Christian Church into the Roman Catholic Church in the year 382 AD? a. The Council of Milan b. The Council of Mica c. The Council of Rome d. The Council of the Vatican 43) As one of the largest and fastest going religions in the world, Islam is a major force when it comes to our world today. Like any religion there are certain rules and guidelines that Muslims must follow in order to show their obedience to Allah or God. What is this set of rules called for Muslims? a. The Four Noble Truths b. The Eightfold Path c. The Caste System d. The Five Pillars 44) A superior force on the battlefield, what technological innovation did the Ottomans borrow from the Chinese in order to make them unstoppable conquerors? a. Better armor b. Firearms c. Superior arrows d. Better tactics 45) This Reformation- inspired group agreed with many of the criticisms of the Catholic Church brought up by Martin Luther, but also had issues of their own like the idea of baptism when you are an adult. What was this group called? a. The Amish b. The Anabaptists c. The Brethren d. The Drunkards 46) In order to focus their minds on their religion and also to pay respect to Allah, which direction do Muslims pray five (5) times a day? a. East b. West c. The direction of the prophet prayed d. Towards the city of Mecca

12 47) Under the practices of Islam, Muslims are expected (if they are financially able) to visit the holy city of Mecca once in their lifetime. What is this pilgrimage known as? a. Ramadan b. Aah Rem c. Hajj d. Jihad 48) In the history of the Christian religion, what was the name of the disciple of Jesus who became an important missionary and leader of the early Christian church? a. Luke b. Matthew c. Peter d. Paul 49) Under the Japanese closed country policy, which of the following was NOT an activity that was restricted by the Japanese government towards European visitors? a. No missionaries in Japan b. Trade was restricted c. The wearing of swords was forbidden d. European technology, like guns, were banished 50) Which of the following was NOT a major impact of absolute monarchs on the continent of Europe? a. A desire for outside exploration b. The formation of modern European states c. The protection of religious freedom d. The development of modern governments 51) Despite the negative stereotypes often associated with the taking of many wives by the Ottoman sultans, what benefit did these women provide (other than producing a heir to the throne)? a. Entertainment b. Extra manpower during times of war c. Wives for Janissaries lost in battle d. Truthful advice

13 52) During the violence that followed the Reformation in Europe, what event in Germany saw Protestant peasants / serfs rising up against their Catholic lords, resulting in the massacre of thousands of people? a. The Spanish Armada b. The Peace of Augsburg c. The Mejia Revolt d. The Peasants War 53) What was the name given to the areas of the palace were the Ottoman sultan s wives lived and, today, been turned into a negative aspect of Ottoman rule? a. The Dungeon b. The Inquisition c. The Harem d. The Stockade 54) What was the name of the Chinese explorer who helped to jumpstart the Age of Exploration and, possibly, could have reached American first? a. Confucius b. Aristotle c. Meng- zi d. Zheng He 55) What was the name of the Venezuelan revolutionary, known as the George Washington of Latin America because he single- handedly helped to win independence for a number of Latin American countries? a. Toussaint l'ouverture b. Simon Bolivia c. Padre Morales d. George Washington