Due on Friday, March 21 st, 2014 BEFORE you take your midterm exam! Write the answers NEATLY on this packet.

Transcription

1 Due on Friday, March 21 st, 2014 BEFORE you take your midterm exam! Write the answers NEATLY on this packet. 1. What was Mesoamerica s first known civilization known as? 2. What led to the collapse of the Olmec civilization? 3. What civilization was located on the Yucatan Peninsula? 4. What did the Mayan s use glyphs for? 5. What are three theories about the decline of the Mayan civilization? 6. Where did the Aztec build their civilization? Why did they pick that spot? 7. The Aztec believed that their sun god needed what for nourishment? 8. How did the Aztec treat the people they conquered? 9. What led to the fall of the Aztec? 10. The Inca expanded quickly under the leadership of who? 11. Where was the Incan civilization located? 12. What did the Incan use the quipu for? 13. What led to the decline of the Incan civilization? 14. What were the three motives of Exploration? 15. What navigational device was used to tell sea captains what latitude their ship was sailing above or below the equator? 16. Which explorer founded the French colony of Quebec (New France)? 17. Which person from Portugal started a school for navigators?

2 18. Give the major accomplishment of each explorer below: a. Zheng He b. Christopher Columbus c. Ferdinand Megellan d. James Cook e. Vasco da Gama f. Samuel de Champlain 19. What is the global transfer foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the America s known as? 20. The Qing Dynasty was founded by the. 21. Which Qing Emperor was able to lower taxes and gain support of intellectuals in the Qing Dynasty? 22. Define Kowtow: 23. What ethical system dominated Chinese culture and supported the Examination System? 24. Why was the population able to grow so much in the 250 years of the Qing Dynasty? 25. Under Japan s new system of feudalism, who were the Daimyo? 26. Who was the person who finally completed the long process of unifying Japan? 27. Define Shogun: 28. Define Tokugawa Shogunate: 29. What was the Closed Country Policy? 30. Define sultan: { } 31. What branch of Islam were the: Ottomans: Safavids: Mughals: 32. What was the devshirme system? 33. Define janissaries :

3 34. During the Ottoman Empire, what were millets? 35. Who was considered the most powerful Ottoman ruler during the 1500s? 36. Define shah: 37. What empire provided a model on which the Safavids based their government on? 38. Which empire s capital was moved to Esfahan? 39. What contributed to the decline of both the Ottoman and the Safavid Empires? 40. What was the name of the empire that ruled India from the 1500s through the 1700s? 41. Shah Jahan built which famous tomb in India? 42. Which religion is a blend of Islamic monotheistic beliefs and the Hindu belief in reincarnation? 43. What are the 2 main branches of Islam? 44. Define Geocentric Theory. 45. Define Heliocentric Theory. Include who came up with it in the definition. 46. What are the steps of the scientific method? 47. Who came up with the Law of Universal Gravitation? 48. Define Absolutism: 49. Define Divine Right: 50. Explain how Absolute Monarchs and Divine Right relate to one another IN ONE SENTENCE. 51. Which Monarch of France took the throne at the age of four and built the Palace of Versailles? 52. Which Russian Czar is responsible for the Westernization of Russia? 53. Define Westernization: 54. Which monarch was the first to call himself czar of Russia? He went on to kill the boyars after they poisoned his wife. 55. What did Louis XIV mean when he said, I am the state?

4 56. What did Queen Elizabeth I leave behind? 57. Which government body frequently argued with English monarchs over money? 58. Which English king was forced to sign the Petition of Right and was later beheaded for defying the Parliament? 59. The rule of England s King Charles II is known as what? 60. What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights? 61. According to Enlightenment thinkers, a government s authority to rule comes from the consent of who? 62. Name the Enlightenment thinker that is credited with each of the following: a. Believed in a government s separation of powers and the use of a checks and balances system b. Believed in freedom of speech and freedom of religion. He said: I might not like what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. c. Believed that people are naturally selfish and wicked and the only government that works is an absolute monarchy with a social contract. d. Believed in the idea that majority rules. He also said the best government is a direct democracy. e. He was against torture. He said you are innocent until proven guilty and have the right to a lawyer. f. Fought for women s right to an education. g. Believed that if the government does not protect your rights, then you have the right to overthrow your government. He also believed in life, liberty and property. 63. After Oliver Cromwell won the English Civil War, he abolished the monarchy and ruled as what? 64. Which Catholic king of England fled the country when his own daughter and son-in-law were asked by Parliament to overthrow him? 65. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 66. How did the Declaration of Independence embody the ideas of the Enlightenment? 67. Saint Domingue (Haiti) was a colony of which European Country? 68. In Haiti, nearly 500,000 people from worked as slaves on the sugar plantations? 69. Who lead the Haitian Revolution against the French but was later imprisoned in the Alps?

5 70. Define the following: a. Mestizo: b. Mullato: c. Peninsulares: d. Creoles: 71. Who were seen as the most dangerous people in the colonies due to their education? 72. Which Latin American leader was known as the Great Liberator? 73. Which General from Argentina led the fight for independence in South America? 74. List the members of each estate AND what percentage of each estate s income went towards taxes: Estate Who? % of Population % of Income Tax Pd. First Estate Second Estate Third Estate 75. Define bourgeoisie. 76. What is the Tennis Court Oath? 77. Which French document stated that all men are born and remain free and equal in rights? 78. Which French ruler was known as Madame Deficit? 79. Which French ruler s reign was known as the Reign of Terror? 80. What were 3 positive outcomes of the Napoleonic Code? 81. What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?