As background to the modern era, summarize the chief contributions of each of the following to Western civilization:

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1 The Transformation of Western Civilization: The AP European History Review- Pt. 1 As a first step in comprehensive review of European History in preparation for the AP exam, you need to collect in one place the factual data essential to an understanding of various periods in the history of modern Europe. During the next several weeks you will need to prepare independently the following review of the years Later reviews will cover, in a similar manner, more recent European history. Section I: Foundations of Western Civilization (this first section is NOT required) As background to the modern era, summarize the chief contributions of each of the following to Western civilization: A. Greeks B. Romans C. Christianity D. Feudalism/Manorialism E. Terms: 1. Babylonian Captivity/Great Western Schism 2. Conciliar Movement 3. Wycliffe and Hus

2 Section II: Transformation to Modern Society A. Renaissance: Describe the following movements of the Renaissance era. 1. Secularism 2. Humanism 3. Italian Renaissance 4. Northern Renaissance B. Modern State: Answer the following questions. 1. Describe the general nature and accomplishments of the New Monarchies. 2. Describe the political and economic life in the early modern period in these places: a. Spain b. France c. England d. Poland e. Holy Roman Empire

3 3. What was the relation of the Ottoman Empire to the development of Modern Europe? 4. Define and describe the importance of each of the following persons or events a. Niccolo Machiavelli b. Thomas Hobbes c. John Locke d. Charles V e. Peace of Augsburg f. Treaty of Westphalia C. Reformation: Answer each of the following as they relate to the Reformation. 1. Define the causes of the Protestant Reformation. a. b. Economic c. 2. Contrast the thinking of each of the following: a. Martin Luther

4 b. John Calvin c. Ignatius Loyola d. Erasmus 3. Define and describe the importance of each of the following terms: a. Hapsburgs b. Thirty Years War c. Schmalkaldic League d. Inquisition e. Anabaptists f. French Civil War g. Council of Trent h. Huguenots D. Economic Revolution 1.What was the importance of the Opening of the Atlantic?

5 2. What goods were brought to Europe as a result of the Opening? 3. What is meant by the term Commercial Revolution? 4. What were the effects of the Commercial Revolution on Europe? a. Economic b. Social c. d. e. Intellectual 5. Define Mercantilism E. Scientific Revolution 1. Explain the meaning of the term Scientific Revolution. 2. How did each of the following contribute to the Scientific Revolution? a. Francis Bacon b. Nicholaus Copernicus c. Johannes Kepler d. Galileo Galilei e. Isaac Newton

6 f. Rene Descartes 4. What was the impact of the Scientific Revolution on each of the following? a. Philosophy b. Religion c. The political and economic world of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Section III: The Early Modern State A. Outline the structure of the following states as they had evolved by 1648 in the chart below. France Spain England Holland Holy Roman Empire Economic Social B. What three states declined in Central and Eastern Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? Why?

7 C. What three states rose in Central and Eastern Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? Why? D. What were the causes and effects of the English Civil War? Causes Effects E. In what ways did the Glorious Revolution change England? Social F. Define and describe the significance of each of the hollowing terms. 1.Stuarts 2. Whigs 3. Tories G. In what ways did each of the following help to establish the basis for a modern state in France? 1. politique 2. Henry IV 3. Cardinal Richelieu 4. Cardinal Mazarin 5. Fronde

8 6. Louis XIV 7.Jean-Baptiste Colbert H. What were the chief results of each of the following treaties? 1. Peace of Augsburg Economic 2. Treaty of Westphalia Economic 3. Treaty of Utrecht Economic I. What were the origins of the balance of power?