AP European History Timeline Dylan Graves, McAvoy, Period 8

Transcription

1 AP European History Timeline Dylan Graves, McAvoy, Period Large Scale Events and Movements Hundred Years War The Black Death Itialian Renaissance Small Scale Events and Movements Commercial Revolution Reformation Scientific Revolution Northerern Renaissance Agricultural Revolution Enlightenment French Revolution Industrial Revolution Petrach Avignon Papacy Boccaccio Jacquerie Individual Dates John Hus and the Hussites Council of Constance Erasmus Copernicus King William of Orange the Silent Rousseau Rule of King Henry VIII of England Mississippi Bubble Council of Trent John Locke Tycho Brahe Rule of Louis XIII Columbian Exchange Witch Hunts German Peasant Revolts Blaise Pascal Rule of Mary I of England French Wars on Religion Shakespeare Thirty Years' War Rule of James I of England Dutch Revolt Dutch Golden Age Rule of King Henry IV of France Rule of Charles I of England English Civil War Rule of Louis XIV The Great Fear Rule of Fredrick the Great of Prussia War of Austrian Succession National Convention Seven Years' War Rule of King Louis XVI of France Voltaire Reign of Terror War of Spanish Succession American Revolution The Directory The Golden Bull John Wycliffe Invention of the Printing Press Peace of Augsburg Ferdinand and Isabella marry Spanish Armada attacks Columbus's Discovery of the New World Luthers posts his 95 Thesis Diet of Worms Edict of Nantes John Calvin and the Calvinists Principa Mathematica is published Pragamatic Sanction Constitution of the Year III Treaty of Utrecht Estates General is Called and Meets Diplomatic Revolution Nobles renounce feudal priveledge Formation of the National Assembly

2 The Prince is Published St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre Assassination of Henry IV of France Tennis Court Oath Storming of Bastille Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen Women's March on Versailles Napoleon becomes Emperor Types of Art Mannerism Dutch Golden Age Art Boroque Rococo Neoclassicalism

3 Large Scale Events and Movements Hundred Years War The Hundred Year's War was a war between England and France over feudal disputes that lasted 116 years, with fighting divided over the course of that time. The Black Death A plague from rats imported from ships from Asia that caused the death of 1/3 of Europe Itialian Renaissance Period of relative peace and intellect throughout Italy that lead to a great deal of art and culture, ending with the sacking of Rome Northerern Renaissance Until 1450, the Italian Renaissance had little effect on Northern Europe. However, ideas began to spread, leading to a Renaissance period in northern Europe and ending after the Thirty Years' War Commercial Revolution Period of European colonization and mercantilism which lasted from 1488 with the first European sailing around the Cape of Good Hope and ended around the time of the American Revolution in 1776 Reformation The Protestant Reformation began with Luther's posting of his 95 thesis and lasted until 1648, after the Thirty Years' War Scientific Revolution Period of Scientific Growth where many 'natural philosophers' studied and learned a great deal about astronomy, biology, and other fields of science. Agricultural Revolution Period where efficiency of agriculture allowed for better quality of life and eventually lead to the Industrial Revolution Enlightenment A period of enlightened growth and education leading into more modern society, many philosopher's debated what an ideal society was and what rights should exist. Industrial Revolution A period in Europe of economic and technological expansion, resulting from increase life expectancy and health caused by the Agricultural revolution. Inventions such as the Spinning Jenny, the Water Frame, and the Steam Engine helped progress this period.

4 French Revolution Period of French Revolt which lead to the Rise of Napolean Bonaparte and utilized many Enlightenment ideas to attempt to formulate a new government, Small Scale Events and Movements Petrach Avignon Papacy Considered father of Humanism for his humanistic papers and essays. A time when the popes (Seven total) resided in Avignon, part of France, and were under influence of France. Lasted until Gregory XI moved the papacy to Rome. Boccaccio Jacquerie March July 1358 Humanist who wrote much in agreement with Petrach. Revolt during the summer of 1358 in France, Part of the Hundred Years' War John Hus and the Hussites The Hussites were followers of the ideas of John Hus and were one of the forerunner groups for the reformation Council of Constance The council held to resolve the dispute over who the pope was. Resolved in decision that Pope Martin V was the true pope. Erasmus Copernicus Humanist writer who supported religious toleration. Copernicus was a natural philosopher who was one of the first to propose a formula for a heliocentric ideology. Columbian Exchange Vast exchange of goods, culture, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the New World, caused by the Commercial Revolution Witch Hunts Period of 'Hunting Witches' in small towns, using witches as excuses for bad things.

5 Rule of King Henry VIII of England Henry VIII of England separated the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church and established himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. German Peasant Revolts King William of Orange the Silent Council of Trent German peasants, inspired by Martin Luther, tried and failed to revolt. Main leader of the Dutch revolt, excellent politique Catholic attempt to stop the Protestant religion and to reform the Catholic church. Tycho Brahe Rule of Mary I of England Astronomer who accurately observed the heavens "Bloody Mary". Very catholic ruler who was disliked in the public view because of her Catholic faith that caused her to execute protestants. French Wars on Religion Period of fighting within France between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots) that results in the Edict of Nantes Shakespeare Codified English Language, wrote many plays and sonnets Rule of James I of England Dutch Revolt The revolts of the protestant Dutch against the Catholic Spain ending in Dutch separation from Spain. Dutch Golden Age After the Dutch Revolts, dutch trade, science, and are were superior to nearly everyone else's at the time. Rule of King Henry IV of France Politique who changed his religion and alter policies numerous times in order to keep good control of his citizens. Is rumored to have said, "Paris is well worth a Mass"

6 Rule of Louis XIII Along with Cardinal Richelieu, one of the first absolute monarchs, removed rights of Huguenots, and was involved in the Thirty Years' War against the Hapsburg. Thirty Years' War The War that ended the Reformation with the Treaty of Westphalia. It had 4 stages and was between Catholics and Protestants. Blaise Pascal Rule of Charles I of England Natural Philosopher who studied mathematics and physics. Levied taxes without parliamentary consent, was considered tyrannical by many, partially responsible for the English Civil War. John Locke Enlightened thinker who urged that the role of government is to protect the people from themselves. Used idea of Natural Rights, or rights that everyone should be granted, an idea embraced by the French Revolution. English Civil War Civil war in England which ended with the execution of King Charles, and the establishment of the Commonwealth by Oliver Cromwell. Rule of Louis XIV Centralized French government by building and maintaining nobles in Versailles, waged successful wars, revoked the Edict of Nantes Mississippi Bubble An economic bubble of Denmark that burst when the bank was forced to stop payment on paper noted, destroying their economy. Voltaire Cynical enlightened thinker who wrote much about the evils of the church and advocated freedom of religion and expression. War of Spanish Succession War for Spain and France to unite against most of Europe, ended with decision that Philip could be King of Spain, but not of France as well. Rousseau Possibly the most important figure in the Enlightenment, many of his ideas on the Social Contract influenced French peasantry during the French Revolution War of Austrian Succession War over whether Maria Theresa should keep the Austrian Throne. Ends with Maria Theresa keeping the Austrian Throne.

7 Rule of Fredrick the Great of Prussia Brilliant military strategist who lead Prussia in any successful campaigns during his reign Seven Years' War Ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1763, marking the beginning of British Dominance outside Europe. Rule of King Louis XVI of France King of France under whom the Revolution of France occurred, eventually leading to his downfall. American Revolution The Great Fear July 17, August 5, 1789 American colonies separated from Great Britain. A period in the French Revolution where rumors spread that an armed group of peasants were roaming the countryside as part of the Revolution National Convention French revolutionary committee which organized the Revolution and the Committee of Public Safety. Reign of Terror September 5, July 28, 1794 A time when the Committee of Public Safety was executing anyone who they though didn't support the Revolution... Which was about 25,000 people. The Directory Frances revolutionary government Individual Dates The Golden Bull 1356 Established centralization of Holy Roman Empire, gave much power to Prussia. John Wycliffe 1382 John Wycliffe, founder of the Lollards, translated the Bible into vernacular English, which sets up some basis for the Protestant reformation. Invention of the Printing Press 1440 Printing press is invented by Gutenberg, revolutionizing the ability to print books, and spurring the Northern Renaissance. Ferdinand and Isabella marry October 18, 1469 King Ferdinand, king of Spain, and Isabella, Queen of Castile, marry to end hostilities between the nations.

8 Columbus's Discovery of the New World 1492 Luthers posts his 95 Thesis October 31, 1517 Columbus discovers America Martin Luther posts his 95 thesis on a church door, arguing that indulgences are morally wrong. Begins Reformation Diet of Worms 1521 A diet in the Holy Roman Empire which produced the Edict of Worms, that declared Martin Luther and his following to be outlaws, and his religion banned. John Calvin and the Calvinists 1530 John Calvin creates Calvinism, a Protestant religion based on predestination The Prince is Published 1532 The Prince, by Machiavelli, is published, explaining what a good ruler should be. Peace of Augsburg 1555 The decree that the leader of a region may choose between Lutheranism and Catholic. Cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre August 23, 1572 Date when Roman Catholic mobs, during the French Religious War, killed 5,000 to 30,000 protestants. Spanish Armada attacks August 8, 1588 The failed Spanish attack on England using naval forces. Because of a storm and new technology and tactics, England won decisively. Edict of Nantes 1598 Issued by Henry IV that allowed Calvinists of France many rights in attempt to promote civil unity. Assassination of Henry IV of France May 14, 1610 Principa Mathematica is published 1687 Henry IV is assassinated by a Catholic fanatic. Book by Isaac Newton during the Scientific Revolution stating Newton's Laws of Motion Pragamatic Sanction 1713 An edict issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI to insure his daughter inherited his land. Treaty of Utrecht 1713 The treaty ending the War of Spanish Succession allowing for Philip to remain King of Spain, but not King of France.

9 Diplomatic Revolution 1756 Shift of support between England and France over Austria and Prussia, from Austria sided with England and Prussia sided with France to the reverse. Nobles renounce feudal priveledge 1789 In order to support the French Revolution and to avoid being persecuted by the peasants, Franh nobles revoke their feudal power. Estates General is Called and Meets 1789 The Estates General meets in Versailles, and ends in the Tennis Court oath, sparking the French Revolution Formation of the National Assembly June 17, 1789 The pivotal group of Third Estates Generals formed a group against the French Monarchy, eventually beginning a revolution. Tennis Court Oath June 20, 1789 One of the meetings of the National Convention, the group that began the French Revolution. Happened after the National Convention was forced to use a Tennis Court after being locked out of their meeting place. Storming of Bastille July 14, 1789 Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen August 26, 1789 Bastille is captured by peasants, rebellion begins The documents that was influenced by the idea of 'Natural Rights' and declared what rights every human should have. Women's March on Versailles October 5, 1789 Paris women rioted over high bread prices and so they ransacked the Palace of Versailles, which ended with King Louis XVI to return to Paris with them. Constitution of the Year III August 22, 1795 Napoleon becomes Emperor May 18, 1804 Constitution ratified by the National Convention to establish the Directory Napoleon becomes Emperor, and that ends Semester 1! Types of Art Mannerism A type of art associated with the Italian Renassaince

10 Dutch Golden Age Art Art that highlights daily life using still lives, or paintings of inanimate objects that emphasized peasant life. Boroque Rococo Neoclassicalism Style of art that was very grand and furnished. Very ornate. French style similar to the ornate baroque. Art that was painted in the classical Greek and Roman style, depicting contemporary scenes.