Who Am I? World History II: SOL Review

Transcription

1 Who Am I? World History II: SOL Review

2 Who Am I? I am a scientist, inventor, artist, and humanist. I am considered the ultimate renaissance man. I painted the Mona Lisa, and the Last Supper.

3 I Am: Leonardo da Vinci

4 Who Am I? I thought of myself primarily as a sculptor, not a painter. I worked for the Pope, painting his Sistine Chapel. I sculpted the David of Florence.

5 I Am: Michelangelo

6 Who Am I? I was a rich shipper and trader from Florence, Italy. I was the greatest secular patron of the arts during the Renaissance. I am often called the Magnificent.

7 Lorenzo da Medici

8 Who Am I? I am a Renaissance philosopher and writer. I wrote a book about how to take and keep power, in which I said that the ends justifies the means in terms of leadership. My book was called The Prince.

9 I Am: Niccolo Machiavelli

10 Who Am I? I am a Dutch teacher. I wrote in a time when the emphasis of The Renaissance was shifting from humanism to religious themes. I wrote In Praise of Folly.

11 I Am: Erasmus

12 Who Am I? I am an English cleric and writer. I took a position against Henry VIII s divorce and other policies. I wrote a famous book about an ideal society called Utopia.

13 I Am: Sir Thomas Moore

14 Who Am I? I am an English playwright. I am famous not only for my plays, but for my sonnets and the historical nature of my works. I wrote Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Midsummer Night s Dream, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, and Hamlet, among others.

15 I Am: William Shakespeare

16 Who Am I? I am a German monk who believed that salvation can be achieved through the Bible alone. I protested against the Pope s sale of indulgences. I posted my 95 thesis on the doors of Wittenberg Church in Germany.

17 I Am: Martin Luther

18 Who Am I? I founded a group of Catholic missionaries. The organization I founded was dedicated to spreading Catholicism, and the conversion of indigenous peoples in newly explored areas of the world (Latin America). The organization I founded was called the Society of Jesus (a.k.a. The Jesuits)

19 I Am: Ignatius of Loyola

20 Who Am I? I split confiscated lands from the Pope in my country and gave it to my nobles. I was the man who initiated the split with the Catholic Church and founded the Church of England (Anglican Church). I broke with the Catholic Church when the Pope would not give me a divorce from my wife, whom I believed could not give me a son and heir.

21 I Am: Henry VIII

22 Who Am I? I was the Holy Roman Emperor and leader of the Hapsburg Dynasty/ Empire. I called the Diet of Worms to make Martin Luther recant his views. When Luther did not recant his views, I authorized the German people to kill Lutherans and take their land, which they chose not to do.

23 I Am: Charles V

24 Who Am I? I set up what I thought to be the ideal Protestant community in Geneva, Switzerland. I believed in hard work and thrift, ideals that go well with capitalism. I preached the doctrine of predestination.

25 I Am: John Calvin

26 Who Am I? My invention led to the bible being translated into numerous dialects. My invention spread literacy at a phenomenal rate. I invented the printing press.

27 I Am: Johann Gutenberg

28 Who Am I? My settlement led to an end to the wars between Protestants and Catholics that bitterly divided my country. I was the monarch of England for over 70 years. I was a patron of the arts.

29 I Am: Elizabeth I (Tudor)

30 Who Am I? I am the man who ordered Charles V to hold the Diet of Worms because Martin Luther spoke out against me. I am the Bishop of Rome. I am the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

31 I Am: The Pope

32 Who Am I? I am a French Cardinal (I work for the Pope) from France. I was the chief advisor to many kings, including Louis XVII. I was the one who had the Edict of Nantes repealed, and thus took religious freedom from the French Huguenots (Protestants).

33 I Am: Cardinal Richelieu

34 Who Am I? I am a Portuguese ruler. I started a school in Sagres for sailors and sea captains. I am often called the Navigator.

35 I Am: Prince Henry (The Navigator)

36 Who Am I? I am a Portuguese sailor. I was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope (Africa). I returned with spices from India that sold at some 3000% their investment.

37 I Am: Vasco da Gama

38 Who Am I? I am an Italian sailor, although I sailed for Spain. I was sent to find a new route to India, but I thought the world was smaller than it was, and I did not know there were two continents in my way as I headed west. I am credited with discovering the new world and the trade that occurred between the new world and Europe was named after me.

39 I Am: Christopher Columbus

40 Who Are We? We were great supporters of the Pope, and wanted to spread Catholicism to the new world. We were the Spanish Monarchs who kicked the Muslims Moors out of Spain. We were the ones who paid for the Italian sailor Christopher Columbus to voyage to the new world.

41 We Are: King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.

42 Who Am I? I am the man who followed Columbus to the new world in I am a conquistador. I came for gold, and ended up wiping out the Aztec people in what is today Mexico with my guns and the diseases (smallpox) I brought.

43 I Am: Hernando (Hernan) Cortez

44 Who Am I? I followed Cortez (Cortes) to the new world. I am a Spanish conquistador who was particularly brutal in the way I treated the Native American peoples in the mountainous area that I conquered. I ended up killing most of the Inca Peoples in what is today Peru.

45 I Am: Francisco Pizarro

46 Who Am I? I am a Portuguese sailor. I was killed shortly before my famous voyage ended. I was credited with being the first captain to circumnavigate (sail around) the globe.

47 I Am: Ferdinand Magellan

48 Who Am I? I am an English sailor. I was the first famous English sailor, and began the age of British dominance on the high seas. I was the first Englishman credited with circumnavigating (sailing around) the globe.

49 I Am: Sir Frances Drake

50 Who Am I? I am a French sailor. I opened up a huge fur trade between the new world and France, and set up the trading colonies of Quebec and Montreal. I navigated the St. Lawrence River and am credited with establishing a French presence in the new world.

51 I Am: Jacques Cartier

52 Who Am I? I am a Polish scientist. I was criticized and threatened by the Pope for going against the teachings of The Church. I developed the heliocentric (sun centered) theory of the universe.

53 I Am: Nicolaus Copernicus

54 Who Am I? I am an English scientist. I validated many new ideas in the scientific and mathematical fields with my work, and began the scientific age in doing so. I discovered the laws of gravity.

55 I am: Sir Isaac Newton

56 Who Am I? I was an English scientist. I was the personal physician to the King of England, despite my controversial views on how the human body functioned. I discovered and documented the circulation of blood in the human body.

57 I am: William Harvey

58 Who Am I? I was an Italian scientist. I used the telescope to support new ideas about the universe (most notably the heliocentric theory). I was put on trial by the Pope for heresy.

59 I am: Galileo Galilei

60 Who Am I? I am a scientist from what is today called Germany. I am chiefly remembered for discovering the laws of planetary motion.

61 I am: Johannes Kepler

62 Who Am I? I was a French absolutist monarch, who also called myself the Sun King. I claimed to be the center of France, and was quoted as saying The state, it is I. I built a grand palace at Versailles as a symbol of my royal power.

63 I am: Louis XIV (the 14 th )

64 Who Am I? I was a Prussian absolutist monarch. I created a Protestant empire in Northern Europe. My empire was based on military power.

65 I am: Frederick the Great

66 Who Am I? I was a Russian absolutist monarch. I was a Romanov Czar, who built my window to the west at St. Petersburg). I sought to westernize Russia as my top priority ( including warm water ports).

67 I am: Peter the Great

68 Who Am I? I was a roundhead leader during the English Civil war. I led a rebellion against the Stuart King (Charles I), and eventually had him executed. I was the leader of the Puritan government.

69 I am: Oliver Cromwell

70 Who Am I? I was restored to the throne after the failure of the Puritan government in England. I am called the Merry Monarch

71 I am: Charles II (Charles Stuart)

72 Who Are We? We were Protestant Monarchs who took over for our Catholic father. We are the first constitutional monarchs We took the throne in what came to be called the Glorious Revolution.

73 We are: William and Mary

74 Who Am I? I wrote the book Leviathan. I believed that man was essentially bad, and entered into an agreement with government to manage their bad behaviors. I believed that government must have strong central authority to manage behavior.

75 I am: Thomas Hobbes

76 Who Am I? I wrote Two Treatises on Government. I did not believe in divine right, rather, I believed that the people were sovereign. I believed in natural rights, and greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson s writing of the Declaration of Independence.

77 I am: John Locke

78 Who Am I? I greatly influenced the way the US government was set up. I wrote The Spirit of Laws. I believed that the best form of government involved a separation of powers

79 I am: Baron Montesquieu

80 Who Am I? I was a French philosopher. I wrote The Social Contract. I believed that government was a contract between the people and government, and could be broken if the terms of the contract were violated.

81 I am: Jean-Jacques Rousseau

82 Who Am I? I was a French philosophe who wrote Candidate. I believed that religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism, and that there should be a separation of church and state. I believed in freedom of speech

83 I am: Voltaire

84 Who Am I? I was greatly influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment and the American and French Revolutions. I led a slave revolt in a French slave port in the Caribbean. I established the country of Haiti.

85 I am: Toussaint L Ouverture

86 Who Am I? I was greatly influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment and the American and French Revolutions. I led several revolutions in Spanish colonies. I am the namesake of the country of Bolivia.

87 I am: Simon Bolivar

88 Who Am I? I was a writer during Spain s Sigleo d Oro (Golden Age). I pioneered a new art form called the novel, that made fun of Spanish tradition and the nobility. I wrote Don Quixote.

89 I am: Miguel de Cervantes

90 Who Am I? I am a German composer. I was known for my moody compositions, which were considered the epitome of the baroque era. I wrote many church compositions with religious themes.

91 I am: Johan Sebastian Bach

92 Who Am I? I am an Austrian composer. I am widely considered the greatest composer of all time I began composing major works before the age of 10. I composed the fugue.

93 I am: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

94 Who Am I? I am a famous French Painter. I painted in the baroque style and was a master of French Romantic art. I included real topics and public events in my art. I painted Liberty Leading the Way.

95 I am: Eugene Delacroix

96 Who Am I? I am a French leader who became famous as a general. I rose to power as emperor after the French Revolution. I tried (unsuccessfully) to unify Europe under French domination, and my law code, which bears my name. I was defeated at the battle of Waterloo by the Duke of Wellington.

97 I am: Napoleon Bonaparte

98 Who Am I? I served the Sardinian King Victor Emanuel and his chancellor Count Cavor. I am considered to be one of the greatest Italian patriots, because I gave up control of southern Italy once my redshirts had taken control from the Hapsburgs. I joined southern Italy to northern Italy.

99 I am: Giuseppe Garibaldi

100 Who Am I? I provoked the Franco-Prussian war because I wanted to take French land and power I was the master of realpolitik, which justifies all means to obtain and keep power. I led Prussia in the unification of Germany through war and by appealing to nationalist feelings.

101 I am: Otto von Bismarck

102 Who Am I? I was an English industrialist. I took another man s invention and made it better. I invented the new and improved steam engine that powered the first Industrial Revolution.

103 I am: James Watt

104 Who Am I? I was an American industrialist. My invention led to a greater need for slaves in the US. I invented the cotton gin.

105 I am: Eli Whitney

106 Who Am I? I was an English industrialist. I developed the first process for massproducing steel inexpensively.

107 I am: Henry Bessemer

108 Who Am I? I was an English scientist. I invented the idea of vaccination when I sought to cure cow pox (the word vaccination comes from the Latin word vacca for cow. I invented a vaccine for smallpox.

109 I am: Edward Jenner

110 Who Am I? I was a French scientist. I discovered a cure for rabies. I discovered how to increase the world food supply (with milk, cheese, and other dairy products) by discovering and killing bacteria through a heating process that bears my name.

111 I am: Louis Pasteur

112 Who Am I? I am a British economist. I was considered the father of capitalism. I wrote Wealth of Nations.

113 I am: Adam Smith

114 Who Am I? I was a German economist who worked with my partner Friedrich Engles. We predicted a conflict between the haves (bourgeoisie) and the have nots (proletariat). I wrote The Communist Manifesto and Das Caiptal. I am considered the father of communism, a political philosophy that is a reaction to the injustices of capitalism.

115 I am: Karl Marx

116 Who Am I? I was the Kaiser of Germany. I was the German leader who fired Otto von Bismarck, and tried to compete with England and other European powers for colonies and military power. My militaristic and nationalistic policies led to WWI, and I was forced to flee Germany after the Armistice.

117 I am: Kaiser William II

118 Who Am I? My assassination was the spark that set off WWI. I was the Archduke of Austria.

119 I am: Archduke Franz Ferdinand

120 Who Am I? I ran on the slogan He kept us out of war. I was the President of the US during WWI. I entered the US into the war, and urged them to enter a League of Nations afterward. I called my peace plan my 14 Points.

121 I am: Woodrow Wilson

122 Who Am I? I was the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. I implemented communism as Russia s new economic policy. I established a government for the preliterate in Russia.

123 I am: Vladimir I. Lenin

124 Who Am I? I was Lenin s successor as communist dictator of the USSR (Soviet Union). I implemented 5 Year Plans that involved collectivization of farms, state industrialization and secret police terror. I implemented great purges that killed millions of my own countrymen.

125 I am: Joseph Stalin

126 Who Am I? I led Germany out of a great depression that was the result of out of control inflation. I was the leader who stirred German nationalist anger at the terms of the Treaty of Versailles (ended WWI) and I also stirred anti- Semitic feelings among Germans I was the leader of the National Socialist Party (Nazi) in Germany, and led Germany into WWII.

127 I am: Adolf Hitler

128 Who Am I? I was the Italian leader who invaded Ethiopia I was the fascist leader of Italy. I sought to restore the glory of Rome to a depressed Italy.

129 I am: Benito Mussolini

130 Who Am I? I came to power in Japan in 1926 and ruled until I was worshipped as a God. Although I was the Emperor of Japan, some questioned the amount of power I actually held compared to the generals in Japan.

131 I am: Emperor Hirohito

132 Who Am I? I was a Japanese ultramilitarist. I was the Japanese leader who saw conflict in Europe as an opportunity to grab land in Asia and the Pacific. I am the Japanese General who ordered the attack on the American Navy base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

133 I am: Hideki Tojo

134 Who Am I? I was the US President who persuaded Congress to sign into law the Lend-Lease Act, and I was the US representative at the Yalta Conference. I was the US President who led the US out of the Great Depression with my fireside chats and my alphabet soup organizations. I was the US President who led the US during WWII. I called the bombing of Pearl Harbor a day that will live in infamy.

135 I am: Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

136 Who Am I? I was a the man who described the Communist rule of Eastern Europe as an Iron Curtain. I was the British representative at the Yalta Conference. I was the British Prime Minister who claimed that Britain could not enter WWII right off because we did not have the resources. Joseph Stalin saw this as a move to weaken the Soviet Union.

137 I am: Winston Churchill

138 Who Am I? I took over the US Presidency after FDR. I formulated a policy that bears my name. It was a policy of containment of Communism and aggression. I am the only man ever to order the use of atomic weapons.

139 I am: Harry S. Truman

140 Who Am I? I came up with an idea of how to stop the spread of Communism in Europe after WWII. It bears my name. My plan involved rebuilding European nations and giving them aid if they promised to reject Communism.

141 I am: George Marshall

142 Who Am I? I was a revolutionary from India. Although I was a member of the prominent Kshatrya caste, I rejected the idea that any human was greater than another. I used non-violent resistance to British occupation, including several hunger strikes that almost killed me. I peacefully drove the British out of India, and was later assassinated.

143 I am: Mohandas Ghandi

144 Who Am I? I am the father of the African Nationalist movement. I am the namesake of the nation of Kenya.

145 I am: Jomo Kenyatta

146 Who Am I? I was the leader of Nationalist China. I was supported by the US against the Communist Chinese. I was forced off mainland China to the island of Taiwan.

147 I am: Chiang Kai-shek

148 Who Am I? I was the leader of a government in China based on the ideas of Karl Marx. My quotations were organized into a little red book and quoted by my supporters who came to be known as the red guard(s). I advocated modernization through a cultural revolution and a great leap forward.

149 I am: Mao Tse-Tung

150 Who Am I? I am a Cambodian dictator. I am responsible for genocide in my country of Cambodia.

151 I am: Pol Pot

152 Who Am I? I ran a government in the country of Vietnam based on the ideas of Karl Marx. I defeated the US forces in the Vietnam War using guerilla warfare as well as conventional warfare. The South Vietnamese capital of Saigon was re-named after me.

153 I am: Ho Chi Minh