Pennsylvania Magazine

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1 THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME XCIII THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 1300 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA

3 CONTENTS ARTICLES Page The Papers of William Penn Caroline Robbins 3 Joshua Gee's Memorial to the Board of Trade, 1717 Thomas Wendel 13 "Philadelphia in Slices" by George G. Foster George Rogers Taylor 23 What Did the Prigg Decision Really Decide? Joseph C. Burke 73 Unemployment Relief in Philadelphia, : A Study of the Depression's Impact on Voluntarism Bonnie R. Fox 86 Benjamin Franklin and William Smith, More Light on an Old Philadelphia Quarrel James H. Hutson 109 Historical Evidence of the Buffalo in Pennsylvania Gail M. Gibson 151 The Role of the Army in Western Settlement, Josiah Harmar's Command, Alan S. Brown 161 The American Museum, , as a Forum for Ideas of American Foreign Policy Robert W. Sellen 179 Charles Ingersoll: The Aristocrat as Copperhead Irwin F. Greenberg 190 Crisis of Rugged Individualism, The West Shore-South Pennsylvania Railroad Affair, Albro Martin 218 Pennsylvania Coal and Politics: The Anthracite Strike of Benjamin Franklin and Pennsylvania Politics : Robert H. Zieger 244 A Reappraisal James H. Hutson 303 The Pennsylvania County Commission System, 1712 to 1740 Clair W. Keller 372 Was Christopher Sauer a Dunker? Donald F. Durnbaugh 383 The American Review of History and Politics Guy R. Woodall 392 "Plain and Simple Principles" for an American Art J. Meredith Neil 410 A Freeman's Will A Political Reminiscence F. Lyman Windolph 455 Negro Labor in the Charcoal Iron Industry of Southeastern Pennsylvania Joseph E. Walker 466 Poetical Descriptions of Pennsylvania in the Early National Period Eugene L. Huddleston 487 Standing on Neutral Ground: Charles Jacobs Peterson of Peterson's Barrie Hayne 510 Theodore Roosevelt's Harrisburg Speech, A Progressive Appeal to James Wilson David H. Burton 527 BOOK REVIEWS 114, 263, 417, 542 INDEX 573 iii

5 THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA OFFICERS President BOIES PENROSE RICHMOND P. MILLBR ROY F. NICHOLS Vice-Presidents ERNEST C. SAVAGE HAROLD D. SAYLOR Secretary PENROSE R. HOOPES Treasurer GEORGE E. NEHRBAS Counsel R. STURGIS INGERSOLL BENJAMIN CHEW THOMAS C. COCHRAN MRS. ANTHONY N.B. GARVAN HOWARD H. LEWIS JOSEPH W. LIPPINCOTT, JR. ROBERT L. MCNEIL, JR. HENRY R. PEMBERTON Councilors E. P. RICHARDSON MRS. LAWRENCE M. C. SMITH MARTIN P. SNYDER FREDERICK B. TOLLES DAVID VAN PELT H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS THOMAS E. WYNNE The Board of the Society is composed of the President, Vice-Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer and fourteen Councilors. v

6 STANDING COMMITTEES Committee on Finance HENRY R. PEMBERTON, Chairman ERNEST C. SAVAGE GEORGB E. NEHRBAS FLOYD T. STARR Committee on Library and Collections PENROSE R. HOOPES, Chairman ERNEST C. SAVAGE THOMAS E. WYNNE MRS. ANTHONY N.B. GARVAN E. P. RICHARDSON Committee on Hall and Buildings HAROLD D. SAYLOR, Chairman MRS. LAWRENCE M. C. SMITH H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS BENJAMIN CHEW Committee on Membership and Activities RICHMOND P. MILLER, Chairman MRS. ANTHONY N.B. GARVAN THOMAS E. WYNNE ROBERT L. MCNEIL, JR. Committee on Nominations H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS, Chairman DAVID VAN PELT HOWARD H. LEWIS BENJAMIN CHEW Committee on Publications ROY F. NICHOLS, Chairman FREDERICK B. TOLLES THOMAS C. COCHRAN JOSEPH W. LIPPINCOTT, JR. NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT vi

7 STAFF NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT, Director and Editor JOHN D. KILBOURNE, Curator OSEA MCDONALD, Secretary FRANK W. BOBB, Librarian Reading Room JOSEPH R. SIMMONS ANTHONY A. ROTH CONRAD WILSON, Head JANE A. GALLAGHER Manuscript Department VILMA HALCOMBB THOMAS W. DUNCAN JOHN H. PLATT, JR., Head MARTHA REPMAN Catalogue Department CATHERINE RHINEHARDT PATRICIA DANTZLER CHERYL R. STICKLE Photo-reproduction Department ZWULON ZELIKOWSKY Repair Department JESSIE H. MCKEOWN Treasurer's Office SARAH B. POMERANTZ, Assistant to the Treasurer ELLEN WORRALL Membership and Museum DARTHE C. HAUCK DAVID T. MCKEE, Superintendent JOHN LUNNEY Maintenance Staff MARGARET FREELAND CATHERINE K. MCKEE vii

9 THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY JANUARY ~ 1969 THE PAPERS OF WILLIAM PENN Caroline Robbins 3 JOSHUA GEE'S MEMORIAL TO THE BOARD OF TRADE, 1717 Thomas Wendel 13 "PHILADELPHIA IN SLICES" BY GEORGE G. FOSTER George Rogers Taylor 23 WHAT DID THE PRIGG DECISION REALLY DECIDE? Joseph C. Burke 73 UNEMPLOYMENT RELIEF IN PHILADELPHIA, : A STUDY OF THE DEPRESSION'S IMPACT ON VOLUNTARISM Bonnie R. Fox 86 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND WILLIAM SMITH, MORE LIGHT ON AN OLD PHILADELPHIA QUARREL James H. Hutson 109 REVIEWS 114 PUBLISHED SINCE 1877 BY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA

10 BOOK REVIEWS PAGE NICHOLS, A Historian's Progress, by Avery O. Craven 114 LEDER, Liberty and Authority: Early American Political Ideology, , by Leonard W. Levy 115 STEELE, Politics of Colonial Policy. The Board of Trade in Colonial Administration '20, by Caroline Robbins 117 BAILYN, The Origins of American Politics, by Roy F. Nichols 118 KATZ, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, , by Richard L. Bushman 119 TANIS, Dutch Calvinistic Pietism in the Middle Colonies. A Study in the Life and Theology of Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen, by John Joseph Stoudt 121 STUDER, Christopher Dock: Colonial Schoolmaster, by Saul Sack 123 SIZER, The Works of Colonel John Trumbull, Artist of the American Revolution, by R. Peter Mooz 124 LEVY, Origins of the Fifth Amendment: The Right Against Self-Incrimination, by George D. Harmon 126 MORRIS, John Jay, the Nation, and the Court, by Robert Ernst 128 BROWN, Mirror for Americans: Likeness of the Eastern Seaboard, 1810, by Joseph E. Walker 129 CONNELLY, The Gentle Bonaparte: A Biography of Joseph, Napoleon's Elder Brother, by Nathaniel Burt 131 FRIEDLAENDER and BUTTERFIELD, eds., Diary of Charles Francis Adams, Vols. 3-4, by Frederick S. Allis, Jr. 132 CODDINGTON, The Gettysburg Campaign: A Study in Command, by Frederick Tilberg 134 MCCAGUE, The Second Rebellion: The Story of the New York City Draft Riots of 1863, by Irwin F. Greenberg 136 KELLER, The Art and Politics of Thomas Nast, by David Montgomery 138 LINK, ed., The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, Vol. 5, , by C. Pardee Foulke 139 DIETZE, America's Political Dilemma: From Limited to Unlimited Democracy, by James Penick, Jr. 142 PEDLEY, The Manuscript Collections of the Maryland Historical Society, by Murphy D. Smith 143 MCCOSKER, The Historical Collection of Insurance Company of North America, by Allen Weinberg 144 KAMMEN, A Rope of Sand. The Colonial Agents, British Politics, and the American Revolution, by John Albert Ernst 146 SHUMWAY, Longrifles of Note, Pennsylvania, by Wm. Richard Gordon 147 THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY is published each quarter in January, April, July and October by THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, Pa Yearly subscription, $5.00; single numbers $1.50. Communications should be addressed to the Editor. The Editor does not assume responsibility

11 THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME January, I969 NO. 1 NINETY-THIRD YEAR OF PUBLICATION Publications Committee ROY F. NICHOLS THOMAS C. COCHRAN FREDERICK B. TOLLES JOSEPH W. LIPPINCOTT, JR. NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT Editor NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT

12 Contributors CAROLINE ROBBINS, Professor of History at Bryn Mawr and author of The Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthman, is Chairman of the Papers of William Penn Committee. THOMAS WENDEL is working on a biography of Benjamin Franklin. He is an Associate Professor of History at San Jose State College. GEORGE ROGERS TAYLOR, Professor of Economics, Emeritus, Amherst College, is Senior Resident Scholar at the Eleutherian Mills- Hagley Foundation. He discovered the previously unrecognized work of George G. Foster while pursuing his recent studies in urban development before JOSEPH C. BURKE is an Associate Professor of History at Duquesne University. He is engaged in writing a biography of William Wirt, who was the subject of his Ph. D. dissertation. BONNIE R. FOX, a graduate student at Columbia University, centers her research interests on urban and social history and plans to write her dissertation on the Depression in Philadelphia. JAMES H. HUTSON earned his Ph. D. degree at Yale in Since 1963 he has been a Lecturer in history at Yale and an Assistant Editor of The Franklin Papers. PRINTED IN U. S. A. by The Winchell Company, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Pennsylvania Magazine

THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME XCVI THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 1300 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA 19107 1972 CONTENTS ARTICLES Page Thomas McKean and the Coming of