" Knowledge is the lamp of the intellect. There is no source of dignity like knowledge" My Buloogh Manual

Transcription

1 " Knowledge is the lamp of the intellect. There is no source of dignity like knowledge" Imam Ali Nahjul Balagha sermon 113 My Buloogh Manual Name: Islamic date became/will become baligh: 1

2 FIQH SYLLABUS TOPIC 1: AQAAID USOOL E DEEN FUROO E DEEN TOPIC 2: TOPIC 3: TOPIC 4: TOPIC 5: TOPIC 6: TOPIC 7: TOPIC 8: TOPIC 9: TOPIC 10: TOPIC 11: TOPIC 12: TOPIC 13: IMPORTANCE OF FIQH TAQLID HIJAB INTRODUCTION TO NAJASAT MUTAHIRRAT HARAM/HALAAL WUDHOO GHUSL JABIRA TAYAMUM INTRODUCTION TO ADHAN AND IKAMAH SALAAH A. SALAATUL JAMAAT B. SALAATUL QASR C. SALAATUL AYAAT TOPIC 14: TOPIC 15: KHUMS FASTING 2

3 TOPIC 1: AQAAID Usool-e-deen are the roots of our religion. They are also called Aqaaid, which means our beliefs. They are five in number. TAWHEED A Oneness of God QIYAAMAT Day of Judgement ADAALAT Justice of God IMAAMAT Successors of the Prophet NABUWWAT Prophethood USOOL E DEEN ARE ROOTS OF RELIGION. THERE ARE 5. 3

4 EXERCISE 1 USOOL-E-DEEN Just like a strong tree needs strong roots, good Muslim needs to understand and believe strongly in the roots of religion. In the picture below, fill in the meanings of the Arabic words for the Usool-e-Deen. I S L A M TAWHEED ADAALAT NABUWWAT IMAAMAT QIYAAMAT 4

5 1: TAWHEED Tawheed (Oneness of God) Tawheed means that: - Allah is One. - He does not have any partner. - He has no parents or children. - He does not need anything and everything needs Him. - There is nothing equal to Him. The Surah that best explains Tawheed is Suratul Ikhlas (Tawheed) Allah is everywhere and He can see everything we do we will have to answer to Him for everything we do and say, so we must always THINK before we do or say anything because even if others don t see us Allah DOES!! EXERCISE 2 TAWHEED: There is a short Surah of the Holy Qur'an called at-tawheed (Sura No.112). Read the translation and then write down: Remember to perform Wudhu before touching the writings of Qur an. 1. What does the first verse say about Allah? 2. What does the second verse say about His needs? 3. What does the third verse say about His children and parents? 4. What does the last verse say about Allah? 5

6 2: ADAALAT (JUSTICE OF GOD) Adaalat means that Allah is Just. He is not a tyrant. He will reward everybody according to his or her deeds. When the word Justice is used for Allah, it means that He keeps a balance between the needs of all His creatures. Sometimes we think that Justice means fairness and injustice means unfairness. This is not completely correct. Justice is that Allah gives you what you need/deserve and not what you want according to his knowledge. For example a mother has three children but buys a pair of shoes for only one child. The other two might complain that it is not fair, however, the child that got the pair of shoes needed one as his old pair was old and tattered. This is what justice is. EXERCISE 3: ADAALAT: Whenever we pray to Allah to forgive us for our sins, we are taught to ask Allah to judge us through His Mercy and not through His Justice. Discuss it with your teacher, family and friends and write down in your own words what you think. 6

7 3: NABUWWAT (PROPHETHOOD) Nabuwwat means Prophethood. It calls for the belief in the Prophets sent by Allah from time to time to guide the people. Allah sent 124,000 in all. Prophet Adam (A) was the first prophet and Prophet Muhammad (S) was the last prophet sent by Allah. When Allah created us, it was so that we should worship Him. If he had not sent down Prophets (A) to guide us, how would we have known what to do to please Him? It was because He wanted us to find Him that He sent so many Prophets (A) to teach and guide us. EXERCISE 4: NABUWWAT: Last year you learnt about the Prophets too. See what you can remember and answer the questions below. 1. Name the Ulul Azm Prophets: a. b. c. d. e. 2. Certain Prophets had books revealed to them. They were: a. Prophet b. Prophet c. Prophet d. Prophet 3. The Books revealed to them were? a. b. c. d. 7

8 4: IMAAMAT (SUCCESSORS OF THE PROPHET) Aimmah = Plural of Imam After the death of Prophet Muhammad (S) the duty of guiding the Muslims was the responsibility of the Aimmah (A). Allah chose 12 Aimmah (A). Imam Ali (A) was the first and Imam Mahdi (A) is the last Imam. By the will of Allah he is still alive today. He is the Imam (A) of our time. One day a man made a very clever machine. Many people found the machine useful and used it all the time. Before he died, the man taught his student how to fix the machine if it ever got spoilt. After his death, whenever the people had any questions about their machines, they would go to the student, and he would always answer their questions. Similarly, although the Prophet (S) had brought all the laws of Islam, after his death there needed to be someone who could answer the peoples questions. These were the Aimmah (A), who were chosen by Allah to carry on with the Prophet s (S) work. EXERCISE 5: IMAAMAT: List the names of all our Aimmah in order. See how many you can remember by yourself before asking for help. 1 st Imam is Imam 2 nd Imam is Imam 3 rd Imam is Imam 4 th Imam is Imam 5 th Imam is Imam 6 th Imam is Imam 7 th Imam is Imam 8 th Imam is Imam 9 th Imam is Imam 10 th Imam is Imam 11 th Imam is Imam 12 th Imam is Imam 8

9 5: QIYAAMAT (DAY OF JUDGEMENT) Qiyaamat means the Day of Judgement or Resurrection. The day when everyone will be brought back to life to account for their deeds. Qiyaamat Then, according to their deeds, they will either be rewarded by being sent to Heaven or punished by being sent to Hell. There was a Muslim boy who used to steal sweets from the Corner Shop. He used to do it secretly and hide everything in his room. One day his friend came visiting and saw all the sweets in his room. Now the boy was terrified. Would the boy tell someone what he had seen? How would the boy face his family and friends in the mosque? He could not sleep at nights as he worried about everybody finding out about his stealing. What a strange boy! He was more scared of his friend than of Allah. Allah sees all we do and there will be a day when we will have to account for all we have done. That will be the Day of Judgement. EXERCISE 6 - DISCUSSION ON USOOL-E-DEEN Can you remember the answers to the following questions without looking at the notes in your manual? Try and see 1. Why did Allah send Prophets (A)? 2. Why do we need the Aimmah (A)? 3. Why did Allah keep a Day of Judgement? 9

10 FUROO-E-DEEN Furoo-e-deen are the branches of religion. They are the acts of worship that we do when we have understood the Usool-e-deen. There are 10 Furoo-e-deen altogether. 1. Salaat (Daily Prayers) We offer Wajib Salaat 5 times a day daily. There are 17 Raka ats in the Daily Prayers: Fajr has 2; Dhohr has 4; Asr has 4; Maghrib has 3 & Eisha has 4. Question: There are other Wajib Salaat and some Mustahab Salaat too. Can you write down one of each by yourself? If not then ask your parents for help and if they cannot remember any then you all can look in the Islamic Laws Book. Wajib Salaat = Mustahab Salaat = 2. Sawm (Fasting in the Month of Ramadhan) Fasting is Wajib for every Muslim who IFTAR is Baligh, for the whole lunar month of Ramadhan every year. It starts at Subhe Sadiq and ends at the time of Maghrib. During this time we cannot eat or drink anything. Question: There are other Wajib fasts and some Mustahab, Makruh and Haraam fasts too. Can you write down one of each by yourself? If not, then ask your parents for help and if they cannot remember then you all can look in the Islamic Laws Book. Wajib fast = Mustahab fast = Makruh fast = Haraam fast = 10

11 3. Haj (Pilgrimage to Makka) Every Muslim has to go to Makka once in their life-time for Pilgrimage when they can afford to go. Millions of Muslims from all over the world go every year to perform the Haj. Question: Do you think a person who is physically disabled can go for Haj? Ask your family, relatives and friends who have been for Haj if they have seen any people there who are on wheel chairs performing Haj and how they performed all the Wajib Acts and write it down below. 4. Zakaat E-Maal Zakaat is paid on certain items and is given to needy Shia Muslims. Question: After the month of Ramadhan is over, on Eid day our parents give a Zakaat. Ask them the name of the Zakaat they give and write it down below. Zakaat-e- 5. Khums (Islamic Tax) Everyone has to pay 1/5 th of their year's savings. The money is divided between Saadaat (descendants of the Prophet (S) and our 12 th Imam (A); during his Ghaibat. It is given to the Mujtahid of whose taqlid one is following. Question: Do you know who introduced Khums? Ask someone at home about it and write down the answer below: Khums was introduced by 11

12 6. Jihaad (To Fight for Allah) Jihad means to strive to follow Islam to the best of our ability and in the best way we can. It also means striving in the path of Allah in response to the call from the Prophet (S) or the Imam (A) of the time. 7. Amr bil Ma'roof (Guide others to the Good) If we see someone who is not doing a good action, we should encourage him to do it. This is called Amr bil Ma roof. 8. Nahy anil Munkar (Stop others from doing evil) If we see someone doing a bad action, we should try to stop him from doing it. This is called Nahy anil Munkar. 9. Tawalla (To be the friends of the friends of Ma sumeen (A)) The Prophet (S) has said: Whoever pleases my family, has pleased me, and whoever annoys them, has annoyed me. Tawalla means to love and follow the teachings of the 14 Ma sumeen (A) and to keep friends with their followers. 10. Tabarra (To be the enemies of the enemies of Ma sumeen (A)) Tabarra means to keep away from the people who do not love or follow the teachings of the 14 Ma sumeen (A). FUROO E DEEN ARE BRANCHES OF RELIGION. THERE ARE

13 EXERCISE 7: FUROO-E-DEEN Match the meanings with the appropriate Furoo-e-Deen. Try and do it without looking at the notes in your manual. FUROO-E-DEEN MEANING 1. Salaat A) Stop others from doing evil 2. Sawm B) To be enemies of the enemies of Ma sumeen (A) 3. Haj C) Guide others to the Good 4. Zakaat D) Daily Prayers 5. Khums E) To be friends of the friends of Ma sumeen (A) 6. Jihad F) Fasting 7. Amr bil Ma'roof G) Islamic Tax 8. Nahy anil Munkar H) Charity 9. Tawalla I) Pilgrimage 10. Tabarra J) To Strive in the path of Allah 13

14 TOPIC 2: IMPORTANCE OF FIQH Imporatance of fiqh Islam teaches us that our true destination and abode is the Hereafter (Akhira) and that this world is merely a temporary station that will eventually wither away. Our bodies have been created to sustain us in this world, but our souls will remain alive even in the Hereafter after we die. Our lives in this world have been given to us as a trial period so that we can worship Allah and submit to His will. By doing this we become closer to Him and we will have a better Hereafter. According to Islamic teachings, Allah created human beings to worship Him and submit to His will. Part of this worship and submission is abiding by the laws and rules that Allah has laid down. These are known as Ahkam (Note ahkam is the plural of hukm ) or orders of Allah. Fiqh literally means to understand and comprehend something clearly. In a technical sense, it refers to the science of religious law, or jurisprudence. Therefore, in order to gain closeness to Allah, we must submit to Him and follow His orders. To do this, we must learn and understand the rules and regulations he has made for us. Islamic Laws are derived from two main sources of evidence, and two secondary sources of evidence: a. Qur an b. Ahadeeth of Holy Prophet and the Ahlul Bayt c. Aql (Intellect) d. Ijma (consensus opinion of early scholars) The Holy Qur an is the word of Allah revealed to our Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). Sunnah is made up from the sayings, actions and the silent approval of the Holy Prophet (P.BU.H) and the Holy Imams. There are over 6000 verses of the Qur an and around 70,000 reports regarding the conduct of the Ahlul Bayt. Our Ahadith greatly emphasise the importance of learning Islamic Laws. Some of them say that if a Muslim does not know these laws then he is close to disbelief and hypocrisy. 14

15 ال ع ام ل ع ل ى غ ي ر ب ص ير ة ك الس ائ ر ع ل ى الس ر اب ب ق يع ة ل ي ز يد س ر ع ة س ي ر ه إ ل ب ع دا One who strives without understanding is like a person striving for water from a mirage in a desert. The faster he goes, the further he gets from the water. ال م ت ع ب د ع ل ى غ ي ر ف ق ه ك ح م ار الط اح ون ة ي د ور و ل ي ب ر ح A worshipper without understanding (fiqh) is like the donkey of a mill who goes around (the mill) but does not reach a destination. Our aqaid (beliefs) give us a sense of direction and destination, whilst the fiqh shows us the path of how to reach that destination. A person who goes on the journey without a sense of direction is likely to get further away from his goal and similarly a person who performs acts of worship without knowing his beliefs and understanding the philosophy of these acts of worship is also likely to get away from the right path. Just like we would follow instructions on a map to find the treasure in the same way we would have to follow the laws and rituals of the Shariah to get closer to Allah. 15

16 TOPIC 3: TAQLID In all parts of our life, we need the advice of people who are experts in that field. In the same way, in the matter of Islamic laws, we must obey the rulings of the experts of that law this is called Taqlid. Taqlid means obeying Islamic Laws according to the ruling of a Mujtahid. Mujtahid is an expert in the ruling of Islamic Laws. Muqallid is a person who does Taqlid, that is follows the orders of the Mujtahid. Every Baligh male and female has to follow the rules regarding Furoo-e-deen. E.g. how to perform Salaat, rules of fasting, how to perform Haj, etc Upon becoming Baligh, you should make Niyyat (intention) that you will act or follow one Mujtahid who is the most knowledgeable - and perform all your Wajibaat according to the rules he has set out. We are at the present time doing Taqlid of Ayatullah al-uzama Syed Ali Seestani (of Najaf, Iraq) GIRLS BECOME BALIGHA UPON COMPLETION OF THEIR NINTH LUNAR YEAR (ACCORDING TO THE ISLAMIC CALENDAR) AND AFTER THAT ALL WAJIBAAT BECOME APPLICABLE UPON THEM. BOYS BECOME BALIGH WHEN THEY REACH PUBERTY OR UPON COMPLETION OF FITEEN YEARS, WHICHEVER COMES FIRST. EXERCISE 1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO TAQLID 16

17 EXERCISE 8: Try and answer the following questions without looking at your notes: 1. Who is a Mujtahid? 2. What does Taqlid mean and when does it become Wajib? 3. What does Muqallid mean? 4. Who do you do Taqlid of? Look for a photo of him and stick it in the space provided. 17

18 TOPIC 4: HIJAB Say unto the believer men to cast down their gaze and guard their private parts; that are purer for them. Verily Allah is Well-Aware of what you do. And say unto the believing women that they cast down their gaze and guard their private parts; and do not display their adornment (Zeenat) except what becomes apparent of it; and to draw their headcovers (Khumur) over their neck slits (Juyoob); and not to display their Zeenat except to their husbands.. (An- Noor, 24:31,32 part) CRITERIA OF HIJAB: 1. CLOTHING SHOULD BE LOOSE 2. IT SHOULD NOT BE ATTRACTIVE 3. IT SHOULD NOT BE TRANSPARENT 4. NO MAKE UP 18

19 TOPIC 5: INTRODUCTION TO NAJASAAT Najasaat means those things which are considered unclean by Shariat. Najasaat are unclean by themselves and make other things unclean when touched. NAJIS? WET?? DRY??? NAJIS? WET?? DRY??? For anything to become Najis (unclean) it has to touch something that is Najis and even then the Najasat can only spread if either one or both the things are wet. SO a dry Najasat does not make another dry thing Najis. Some of the Najasaat are: Urine and Stool Blood Dead body Alcohol Pig Kafir Dog 19

20 TOILET ETTIQUET: Mustahab: It is Mustahab to enter the toilet with the left foot and leave with the right foot. Enter with the left foot Leave with the right foot Haraam: - It is Haraam to face the Qibla, or to have your back to Qibla, when sitting on the toilet. (If your toilet faces Qibla, then sit slightly sideways on it). After urinating, wash off the Najasaat first, then: a. if using a bottle wash twice (better thrice) and b. if washing with running water through a hose pipe then washing once more. Makruh: Wajib: - It is Makruh to urinate whilst standing - To urinate in pool/ sea - It is Makruh to suppress or constrain your urge for urine or excretion, and if it is injurious to your health, it becomes Haraam. - After relieving the bowels, the part of the body concerned may be cleaned with water or with a cloth or even with paper, as long as the cloth or paper used itself is Pak and dry. - It is Wajib to use 3 separate pieces, even if the body becomes clean before that. If, however, after using 3 pieces, the body is still not clean extra pieces should be used until it becomes clean. 20

21 EXERCISE 9: INTRODUCTION TO NAJASAAT Try and answer without looking at the notes. Ask for help from your teacher and parents wherever you need it. Use the Risala (Islamic Laws) too. 1. If you pat a dog when your hand is wet will your hand be Najis? Why? 2. Zahra was making an omelette and she saw a few spots of blood on the yolk. What will she do? Masail no Fatema removed the najis nappy of her 18 month old baby and put him straight in the tub of water to give him a bath. What could she have done before putting him in the bath? 4. Zainab was embarrassed to take water to the toilet. How would she make herself paak after urinating? 5. Narjis washed her namaz chadar and kept it out to dry. Her mum said a crow soiled it. She came late from work, she just pulled it off the -line and prayed with it, although she saw the stain. Is it ok? Explain your answer. Masail no Sukaina knew that the carpet in her sitting room was najis. Does she have to tell her guests before they can sit on the carpet? Explain your answer. Masail no

22 7. Aasiya was boiling macaroni and decided to put in slices of cheese. When she went to cut the slices she cut her finger by mistake and about two drops of blood fell into the water. The colour, taste and smell did not change. Is the macaroni cheese paak? Explain your answer. Masail no Salma got hurt and the blood dried under her nail. Later she prayed with normal Wudhu. Do you think her Wudhu is correct? Masail no Rahma killed a mosquito which sat on her hand and saw the blood which came out from the mosquito. Is her hand najis? Masail no Safiya went to the dentist and had her tooth extracted. She saw a lot of blood coming out. She tried to gargle as much as possible. Later on there was very little blood inside the teeth which got mixed with saliva. Is the saliva najis? Masail no Sajidah bought some ice cubes from Tesco and by the time she came to the till, there was some moisture in the bag. She was not sure whether the Indian lady who served her was Hindu or not. Does she have to make the packet taahir before putting in the freezer? Masail no Zaheera was getting her house painted and she found out that the paint contains alcohol. What must she do? Masail No How can you prove a certain thing is najis? Masail No

23 14. Ruksana forgot to cover the butter with the lid. Next time she saw some rat dropping on the solidified butter. What must she do? Masail No Mohammed went to the farm and got an opportunity to milk the cow. While he was milking he saw some blood. He wanted to take that milk home to drink. Can he drink that milk and why? Masail No When Sakina went to cook, she saw blood in the chicken cubes and thought it was najis so she washed the chicken in the bowl 3 times. Was this necessary? Explain. Masail No Zahira went to the toilet in the school and as she entered, the floor was wet and the bottom for her trousers became were. She needed to pray as she knew her namaz would become Qadha by the time she reached home after school. What must she do? Masail No

24 TOPIC 6: MUTAHIRAAT Mutahhiraat are those things that make Najis things Pak. 149 Taba iyat Islam Water Zawal e Ain Sun Inqilab Mutahhiraat Earth Ghaibate Muslim Intiqal Remaining Blood After Slaughter Istibra Istihala Water WATER MUTLAQ [PURE WATER] MUDHAF [MIXED WATER e.g. milk, WATER WHICH HAS NOT CHANGED COLOUR, TASTE OR SMELL. CAN MAKE NAJIS THINGS PAAK EXAMPLES OF MUTLAQ WATER RAIN WATER RUNNING WATER e.g. tap water WELL WATER ABE KATHIR [Still water >Kur] CANNOT MAKE NAJIS THINGS PAAK. BECOMES NAJIS WHEN IT COMES IN CONTACT WITH NAJIS THINGS KUR 31/2span x 31/2span x 31/2span in length, width and depth ABE KALEEL [Still water < Kur] 24

25 Water Makes Najis Things Pak If: It is Pure and not mixed - It is Pak itself - It does not become Mudhaf (mixed) when a Najis thing is being washed - No small particles remain after washing the Najis thing Water that is less than Kur becomes najis When it comes into contact with Najasaat 26 Examples of cleaning Najasat with water ONCE WITH ONCE WITH ABE KALEEL 7 TIMES WITH ABE KALEEL 7 TIMES WITH ABE KATHIR Earth 184 The earth makes the soles of our feet and shoes Pak if: - The earth is Pak - The earth is dry - The Najasaat has stuck from the earth - The thing that has stuck on the sole of the foot or shoe is cleared. 25

26 Sun 192 The Sun makes the earth, buildings and walls Pak if: - The Najis area is sufficiently wet so can be dried by the sun - Any Najasaat is stuck it is removed first - There is no obstruction between the Najis area and the Sun eg clouds - Only the Sun makes it dry and that it s not too windy - The whole Najis area becomes dry in one go. Intiqal It literally means TRANSFER OR CHANGE OF PLACE If an insect that is bloodless sucks the blood of human being, after a short period of time when this blood becomes part of the insect s body, it is Pak. 210 MOSQUITO SUCKS BLOOD OF HUMAN BLOOD IN THE MOSQUITO AFTER SOMETIME BLOOD OF HUMAN Islam When a Non-Muslim believes in the Oneness of God and the Prophethood of Muhammad (S), in whatever language, s/he becomes a Muslim and is Pak. 212 Pak Pak Pak 26

27 EXERCISE 10: MUTAHIRAAT Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your answer from. 1. Mujtaba had washed away blood that had been on his shirt and made it paak with water. However, there still was a trace of the colour of the blood. Is this paak or najis? Why? Masail No Sarah was an unbeliever who embraced Islam. Will her child be paak or not? Why? Masail No When Sajida s baby wet his bed, she put the mattress against the wall in the garden. It was a very hot day and she was sure it had dried from the direct heat of the sun. Is the mattress paak? Why? Masail No Just as Yasmin was about to stuff the chicken, she saw there was some blood left in it. What should she do? Masail No and A dog licked the saucepan which was left in the garden. Zaynab wanted to cook in it. How will she make it paak? Masail No How must you make a glass taahir if alcohol was served in it? Masail No Masooma s daughter who was 2 years old urinated on the carpet. How should Masooma make the carpet taahir? Masail No

28 8. Muhammad was walking home from school when he accidentally stepped on some dog poo. How can he make the soles of his shoes paak without washing them? Masail No Muntazir s shirt became najis with blood when he fell over and cut his elbow. When he wanted to pray, he removed the shirt and started washing the blood. Once the shirt was clean, he closed the tap. Should he have made his hands paak first? Is the tap najis now? Explain. Masail No Having finished eating, Maliha noticed that blood was coming out of her gums and coming in contact with the food stuck between her teeth. Is the blood najis? Explain. Masail No How would you make a bowl taahir which had so much blood in it? Masail No Zahra got hurt and her dress became najis with blood. How would she make it taahir? Masail No Zamina who was 3 years old urinated on the wooden floor of her house. How will the mother make that area taahir? Masail No

29 TOPIC 7: HARAAM AND HALAAL Allah says in the Holy Qur'an: "O People, eat from the land what is permitted and good and do not follow in the footsteps of Shaitan, for he is an open enemy to you." (al Baqarah, 2:168). Since food and drink are essential for the survival of humanity, Allah has given clear guidelines on what can and cannot be consumed. In addition we have also been instructed in manners and behaviour of eating. Thus eating and drinking becomes a way by which a Muslim remembers the bounties of Allah and by observing the rules of Shariah, he also shows his commitment to his religion. Furthermore, Allah has made the habit of eating an important factor in establishing social unity. He has encouraged the sharing of food with each other and stressed the merits of giving food to the poor and needy. This becomes obligatory when certain sins are committed, for which the Kaffara or penalty is to feed poor Muslims. Thus we can see that this subject covers a wide and important area of Islamic Shariah. Food Groups FOOD PLANTS ANIMALS FRUITS LAND CREATURES VEGETABLES SEA CREATURES GRAINS BIRDS List of Foods 29

30 Halaal Haraam Makruh Plants, Fruits, Vegetables, Grains Whales; Shark; Lobsters and Crabs Prawns and Shrimps All reptiles All fish that have scales and are Dog, rabbit, elephants, monkey removed alive from the water Domestic animals that have hoof / cloven hoof e.g. goat, cow, camel, sheep Donkey, mule, horse Locusts Birds such as chicken, turkey, ostrich, peacock, pigeons Fleas, lice Birds such as eagle, hawk, vulture, raven, crow 30

31 TOPIC 8: WUDHOO Wudhu is a special way of washing that makes us spiritually clean. Wudhu is made up of: - washing the face downwards - washing the two arms (right first then left), downwards - wiping (Masah) the top of the head and - wiping (Masah) the upper part of the two feet (right first then left). Wudhu is Wajib [required] for: Wudhu is Mustahab [recommended] for: JANNATUL BAQI - MADINA MASHHAD - IRAN 31

32 CONDITIONS OF WUDHU I am doing Wudhu for the obedience of Allah, Qurbatan ALL PARTS OF YOUR BODY THAT YOU DO WUDHU ON SHOULD BE PAK 32

33 STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION OF HOW TO PERFORM WUDHU Wudhu is divided into WAJIB ACTIONS MUSTAHAB ACTIONS NIYYAT WASH HANDS WASH FACE GARGLE WASH ARMS WASH NOSE WIPING (MASAH) OF HEAD WASHING FACE 2 nd TIME WIPING (MASAH) OF FEET WASHING ARMS 2 nd TIME THESE ACTIONS HAVE TO DE DONE, OTHERWISE WUDHU IS BATIL [WRONG] IF YOU DO THESE ACTIONS YOU GET THAWAAB, BUT IF YOU DO NOT DO IT, YOUR WUDHU IS STILL SAHIH [CORRECT] 33

34 34

35 STEP BY STEP EXPLANATION OF HOW TO PERFORM WUDHU NIYYAT: WAJIB MUSTAHAB ACTIONS: I am doing Wudhu for the obedience of Allah, Qurbatan ilallah 1. WASHING YOURS HANDS 2 times: 2. GARGLING 3 TIMES: 3. WASHING YOUR NOSE 3 TIMES WAJIB ACTIONS: 1. WASHING YOUR FACE: 2. WASHING YOURS ARMS: 3. MASAH OF THE HEAD 4. MASAH OF THE FEET 35

36 STEP- BY- STEP EXPLANATION OF HOW TO PERFORM WUDHU Washing the face First get some water in your right hand and then pour it onto your forehead, where the hair grows. You have to wash the whole length of your face, beginning from your forehead (where the hair grows) and ending at the bottom of the chin. You have to wash the whole width of your face. You do this by stretching your hand out (from your thumb to your middle finger). To make sure that the whole width has been washed, you should pass your wet hand on either side of your face. Washing of the face once is Wajib. It is Mustahab to wash your face twice washing 3 or more times Is Haraam THE FACE AND HANDS SHOULD BE WASHED FROM ABOVE DOWNWARDS AD IF YOU WASH IT THE OPPOSITE WAY, WUDHU WILL BE BATIL. 249 Washing the arms Then you wash your arms from the elbow to the fingertips. First the right arm is washed with the left hand, then the left arm is washed with the right hand. To ensure that each elbow is washed thoroughly, you must pour water and begin wiping slightly above the elbow. Washing the arms once is Wajib. It is Mustahab to wash your arms twice washing 3 or more times Is Haraam Masah of the head After that is done, you do Masah of the head and this is done by wiping with the three fingers (not nails) of the right hand from any part of the scalp (under the sun) up to the edge of the hair, without touching the forehead. The water of the face and head should not mix. The Masah of the head is done once only. Masah of the feet Finally you do Masah of the feet and this is done by wiping the wet fingers of the right hand over the upper part of the right foot from the tip of the skin of the toes to the ankle. Then the same is done with the left hand for the left foot. This is done once to each foot THE PARTS THAT MASAH ARE DONE ON NEED TO BE TOWEL DRY 36

37 THINGS THAT BREAK WUDHU: Going to the toilet. Passing Wind [Stomach Wind] Whoops!! Have to do Wudhu again!! Sleeping Becoming unconscious 37

38 EXERCISE 11: WUDHU Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your answer from. 1. While doing the feet masah, Maryam moved her foot. Is her Wudhu batil? Masail No Sameera washed her feet before doing Wudhu and then did Masah on her wet feet. Is her Wudhu okay? Masail No Because of the hot weather Fatema s hands had dried. What would she do for the masah of the head and feet? Masail No Nahid thought it was appropriate to do the masah of the feet over thin nylon socks. What is your opinion about it? Masail no Tahera was walking to perform her Wudhu when she stepped on a wet patch on the carpet. Her mum confirmed that earlier her friend s baby had made the carpet najis. She dried her foot with some tissue and she said she would wash the bottom on her foot after performing Wudhu. Is this okay? Why? Masail No Swaleha had a cut on her arm and the blood from it would not stop. She needed to do Wudhu for her prayers. What must she do? Masail No Naseera woke up for her Fajr prayers and found out she only had 2 minutes for the namaz to become Qaza. How should she go about for her Salaah to be Ada? Masail No After washing the right arm, Mariam started talking to her friend and then realised her face had dried up. What must she do? Masail No

39 9 Zainab was sitting in Masjidul Haram when her Wudhu broke. She did her normal Wudhu with a bottle of water. Is her Wudhu Sahih? 10 Sakina bai could not use very cold water due to her old age. How should she perform Wudhu? 11 Aamena was doing Wudhu, she washed her face, then she washed her left hand then she washed her right hand, and then wiped her head then her feet. Is her Wudhu correct? Masail No Altaf was doing Wudhu. He had just finished washing his face when the doorbell rang. Should he go answer the door and then finish his Wudhu when he returns or should he finish the Wudhu first then answer the door? Masail No Sugra was doing Wudhu at night when again she started thinking of her exam. She was about to put water on her left hand when she noticed her right hand had dried up, now can she continue with her Wudhu or is it void? Masail No Hassan is not very well and he knew that by performing Wudhu he will get worse; does he have to do Wudhu? Masail No Hussein and his friend have gone on a hike and they know that if they use the water that they have to perform Wudhu they will not have any water left for drinking. Do they have to do Wudhu? Masail No

40 16 Kawthar was doing her Wudhu and did not put water in the inner parts of her nose, her lips and eyes. Is her Wudhu correct? Masail No Marzia is a left handed girl. She did Wudhu of the face, then the left hand, and then the right hand then the masah. Is her Wudhu valid? Masail No Naima wore a pendant with the name Allah. Is this permissible? What about a broach with the names of any masoomeen? 40

41 TOPIC 9: GHUSL It means to have a bath in order to wash the soul. Ghusl Wajib Mustahab Janabat Nadhr / Qasam / Ahad Jum a Eid ul Fitr Mayyit Haidh, Nifas, Istihadha Refer to 651 for a whole list Conditions Of Ghusl - Water must be Pak, pure (Mutlaq) and taken with permission (Mubah) Place where Ghusl is performed must be Mubah Niyyat should be of Qurbatan ilallah All obstructions must be removed 383 Remember: There Is No Need: For the body to be washed downwards from the head For Muwalat delay between different actions of Ghusl is allowed 386 Methods of Ghusl 366 Tartibi Stages or Sequence Irtemasi Instant or Gradual Immersion 41

42 HOW TO PERFORM GHUSL Ghusl-e-Tartibi = Ghusl in Stages & Sequence. 367 I am doing Ghusl for the obedience of Allah, Qurbatan iiallah Wash head to neck Wash the right half side of the body Wash the left half side of the body When washing right and left side, precaution to wash slightly more on the other side. Ghusl-e-Tartibi can also be performed by washing the whole body together after washing the head and neck Ghusl-e-Irtemasi = Instant or Gradual immersion. 373 This is by washing the whole body at the same time and that can only be done by submerging the whole body into the water by diving into a river, sea or swimming pool. If however, you wish to perform the Ghusl-e-Irtemasi gradually, then it is necessary that: - The whole body is out of the water before starting the Ghusl. - Then you submerge your body gradually into the water with the intention of Ghusl. 374 When Performing Ghusle Irtimasi In One Go, You Must Ensure That The Water Reaches All Parts Of The Body At One Time. 42

43 EXERCISE 12: GHUSL Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your answer from. 1. Masooma was washing her left side of the body when she realised that she had not washed her face. What will she do? Masail No Tasnim passed wind while performing her Ghusl. What will she do? Masail No Mahdiyya was performing Ghusl and she had just finished washing the right side of her body when the doorbell rang. She quickly dressed and answered the door and realised her mother had come to visit. After her mum left several hours later, Mahdiyya finished her Ghusl and went to pray. Was this right? Explain. Masail No

44 TOPIC 10: JABIRA The splint with which a wound or a fractured bone is bandaged or held tight and the medication applied to a wound etc. is called JABIRA Wudhu Al-Jabira: Ghusl Al-Jabira: Wudhu on the bandage or a splint, which has been fixed on those parts of a person's body, which are related to Wudhu Ghusl you have to perform on a bandage or splint, which has been fixed on any part of your body. You would perform wudhu al-jabira when: - The Jabira cannot be removed - Water is harmful to the wound - When there is an un-bandaged wound - When there is an un-bandaged fracture How Would You Perform Wudhu Al-Jabira For the unaffected areas, Wudhu will be performed as usual. For the affected areas: - If water is not harmful, then you will pour enough water for it to go through the Jabira If water is harmful you will place a Pak piece of cloth over the wound and pass a wet hand over that area, Also, if the Jabira is Najis, you will place a Pak piece of cloth over the Jabira then pass a wet hand over that area. When any part of Wudhu is partly covered with a Jabira but there isn t a fracture you will perform Wudhu Al-Jabira

45 PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF JABIRA When To Do Wudhu Al-Jabira Face PARTLY covered in Bandages. BUT NO FRACTURE Hands PARTLY covered in Bandages. BUT NO FRACTURE Head PARTLY covered in Bandages. BUT NO FRACTURE Feet PARTLY covered in Bandages. BUT NO FRACTURE When To Do Wudhu Al-Jabira and Tayammum what if Jabira is larger than wounded area? Face FULLY covered in Bandages. Or even OPEN FRACTURE Hands FULLY covered in Bandages. Or even OPEN FRACTURE Feet FULLY covered in bandages. Or even OPEN FRACTURE Head FULLY covered in Bandages. Or even OPEN FRACTURE 45

46 JABIRA Uncovered bandaged Water not harmful Normal Wudhu is done wound or fracture Bandaged Water not harmful Remove the bandage if not causing harm- do normal Wudhu Unbandaged Water harmful to affected area Wash adjoining area and put a Taahir cloth on the affected area and pass a wet hand over it. If there is Bandaged- Taahir Not possible to remove a fracture do Tayammum Cannot make water reach the wound, then the adjoining parts must be washed and wet hands passed over the bandaged parts Wound or bandage is najis Water not harmful Remove the bandagemake the wound paak and make water reach everywhere Wound or bandage is najis No. 332: Some parts of Wudhu bandaged If all parts of Wudhu covered If any part of Masah part has wound or fracture If Jabira covered more than the size of the wound and difficult to remove (No. 341) If Jabira covered more that the size of the wound. Difficult to remove It on Tayamum area Something is stuck-not possible to remove-causes pain Something stuck is Cannot be made paak, then Tayammum should be performed Do Jabira Wudhu Do Tayammum as a precaution and also rules of Jabira Do Tayamum Do Tayammum and also Jabira Wudhu Do Tayammum Do Jabira Wudhu medicine No wound or fractured bone Water is harmful Do Tayamum No One is supposed to do Tayammum BUT if he has a fractured bone or wound on the parts of Tayammum he should do Jabira Tayammum according to the rules of Jabira Wudhu. In all kinds of Ghusl of Mayyit, the Jabira Ghuls is like Jabira Wudhu. One must do tartibi Ghusl only No. 349 If a person cannot decide whether he should perform Tayammum or Jabira Wudhu, the obligatory precaution is that one should do both 46

47 EXERCISE 13: JABIRA Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your answer from. 1. There was no wound on my hand but when I use water my skin would become tight and hurt. What will I do? Masail No Ali had a small wound just at his wrist but the doctor had bandaged his hand in such a way that the bandage started just below the wrist (where you would wear your wrist watch) and went up to and covered his palm and the back of his hand. He wants to pray. What will he do? Masail No Water was not harmful for the wound on my elbow but it was Najis and I could not wash it. What will I do? Masail No Zahra s palm had a wound which was bandaged, and it was possible to undo it and water was not a problem. Can she untie it and then do Wudhu or not? Masail No Muhammad went to play cricket on Sunday but unfortunately got hit by the ball and broke his nose. After operating on it the doctor put a bandage on it which he said could not be removed for at least 2 weeks. How will he do Wudhu for Salaat? Masail No Is it necessary to specify whether you are dong Tayammum Ghul or Wudhu? Masail No

48 TOPIC 11: TAYAMMUM We perform Tayammum when There is no water available It is not possible to get water, due to illness, weakness, or fear It is harmful to one s health Using the water available will mean others will have to go without Water is only enough to make the body or clothes Pak There isn t enough time to perform Wudhu or Ghusl The only water available is Ghasbi Tayammum can be done on EARTH Not Available SAND / CLAY Not Available SOFT EARTH STONE Not Available Not Available SNOW / ICE Not Available MUD WALL Not Available Do NOT perform Tayammum Pray Qadha later The Things On Which Tayammum Is Performed - Must be PAK Must not be GHASBI or USURPED

49 METHOD OF PERFORMING TAYAMMUM Niyyat 2. Strike both your palms on the thing that you are doing I am performing Tayammum on e.g. Earth Tayammum (give reason) Wajib Qurbatan ilallah 3. Put both your palms where your hair starts to grow and pull them down to the bridge of your nose. 4. Wipe The Entire Part Of The Back Of The Right Hand With The Palm Of The Left Hand And Repeat The Same With The Right Hand Over The Left Mustahab Act: To strike the hands on the earth again and wipe the back of the Hands again 709 Wipe the Right hand first then the Left hand 49

50 EXERCISE 14: TAYAMMUM Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your answer from. 1. Explain step by step how to do Tayammum. Masail No Aaliya had just wiped her forehead when the doorbell rang. She answered the door and returned to finish her Tayammum. Is this Tayammum valid and why? Masail No Sabihah had to perform serveral wajib Ghusls but could not perform them as there was no water. What will she do? Masail No The dress Dilshad was wearing had a blood stain on it. She had enough water to either make her dress paak for to perform Wudhu. At the same time, she does not have anything to perform Tayammum with. She is totally confused. What should she do? Masail No Amina and her family went on a camping holiday. It was quite a dry area and they didn t think they would be able to find water for Wudhu. So they offered their prayers with Tayammum. Later on in the day they did find water and noticed that their prayers were not Qadha yet. What do you think they should do? Masail No Fatimah was frying samosas for iftar when suddenly she tipped the frying pan onto her arm. At the hospital the doctor applied some medicine on the burnt arm and told her to make sure she applied fresh medicine every time it came off. This had to be done for atleast a fortnight. And she also had to ensure no water reached the burns. What will she do for her Wudhu? Masail No

51 7. Masuma was doing her Fiqh exam and she tried to white out her mistake in her essay, she accidentally spilt all the white out on her hands. By the time she got home it had dried on her hands and would not wash off. At that time she had nothing else she could use to remove it, how will she do Wudhu for her Salaat? Masail No Hussein had a bandage on his broken ankle and he could not remember his Jabira Masails, nor could he get a hold of his Fiqh teacher to ask him and was not sure whether he could just perform the Ghusl or if he would have to perform Tayammum as well. What should he have done under these circumstances? Masail No TOPIC 12: INTRODUCTION TO ADHAN AND IKAMAH 51

52 Conditions of Adhan and Ikamah It is Mustahab for every person that they should recite Adhan and Ikamah before offering their daily Wajib Salaat. They should be recited after the time of Salaat has set in and not before. It is Mustahab that while pronouncing Adhan, a person should be standing facing towards Qiblah, should have performed Wudhu, should place hands on ears and raise his voice. 52

53 TOPIC 13: SALAAT PHILOSOPHY OF SALAAT: The most important act of Ibadat (Worship) in Islam is Salaat (Prayer). It is an expression of total submission to Allah (S) and a means of communication between the Creator and His servants. Imam Ali ibn Abi Taalib (A) has said about prayer: "Know that every action you do will depend on your Salaat." From this we know for a fact that is our Salaat is accepted then all other actions are also accepted and if our Salaat is rejected then so are our other deeds. Salaat greatly affects the lives of those who perform it. It keeps the soul of a person free from idolatry and when carried out sincerely, it also helps to cure moral diseases such as infidelity, hypocrisy, pride, dishonesty etc. - By praying at the specified times, a person learns to be both disciplined and punctual. - It gives a purpose to the lives of people and has a stabilizing effect. In times of stress, Salaat provides a place of peace where a person can forget all worries and cares and rest his weary head on the doorstep of Allah (S). - The Holy Prophet (S) used to say to Bilal, who was the Mu'adhin of the Muslims, "Comfort me, O Bilal!" meaning that he should recite the Adhaan and call out for prayer. Salaat is a source of piety and perfection. Through its performance a person can discover the hidden secrets of his soul and its amazing relationship with Allah (S). All those acts that surround it or are related to it also fall under its special influence. For this reason we shall look at the things connected to and performed within Salaat and study the philosophy behind each. This will help us better appreciate why we perform it in the manner we do. 53

54 THE SPIRIT OF SALAAT: Salaat, through its words, movements, prostrations, bows and supplications, provides a person with a means of rebuilding his personality afresh. Properly performed with understanding of the recitations and the philosophies involved, it is a spiritual journey of sorts - a Me'raj (Heavenly Ascension) for the Believer. On the other hand, prayer performed as a ritual and with no concentration is like a dead body without a spirit. As we attempt to understand and focus on our Salaat, it may help to choose a place that is simple, quiet and private when praying to avoid any distractions. Salaat is not a sport or a play that we can perform it as we wish in a hurried manner. Discipline is of the utmost importance. Remember, if we wish to fully exploit this treasure trove, then we must be prepared to put some effort into our actions. NOTE: It is highly recommended that one should recite of Hadhrat Fatema al-zahra (A) after the completion Salaat. Tasbih of every CARELESSNESS IN PRAYER: Salaat as we have mentioned time and again is the central pivot of all worship in Islam. It must be prayed and there is no excuse for not performing it. In fact, even if a person is too sick to pray standing up, it is recommended he sit and pray and if this is not possible, he should sleep with his right side facing Qiblah and perform his Salaat with his head and eyes. All this shows us how important Salaat to Allah (S). According to the Holy Prophet (S) "Allah (S.W.T.) takes away all the blessings from a person who does not pray or is careless of his/her Salaat. S/he will die in a very bad state, be tortured in Barzakh and face extreme hardship during the Day of Judgement." In another hadith he says: " Whosoever takes his/her Salaat lightly, s/he will not be from my Ummah." A Muslim must constantly try to improve the quality of his/her Salaat. We should avoid praying Salaat when sleepy or tired and instead wait a little until our minds are fresh enough to concentrate full on what we are saying and doing. In conclusion let us ponder on the Salaat of our Ma'soomeen (A) and how they used to prepare themselves for meeting their Lord. Imam Ali (A) would turn pale whilst performing Wudhu and used to say, "It is time for me to give back the Divine trust to the Almighty 54

55 WAJIB RUKN AND WAJIB GHAYR RUKN: Wajib Acts of Salaat = 2 categories Rukn Ghayr Rukn Rukn = those parts of the Salaat, which are its foundation. If any of these Wajib parts are left out or added, on purpose or by mistake, the Salaat becomes Batil. 951 Ghayr Rukn = those parts of the Salaat which are not considered as its foundation BUT ARE STILL WAJIB. If any of these actions are left out or added on purpose the Salaat becomes Batil. But they do not make the Salaat Batil if they are left out or added by mistake. 951 The table below shows which actions of Salaat are Rukn and which are Ghayr Rukn: RUKN Niyyat Takbiratul ehram Qiyam ** Ruku Two sajdahs GHAYR RUKN Qira at Dhikr Tashahud Salam Tartib Muwalat **QIYAM This includes QIYAM MUTASIL BEFORE RUKU which is a short pause while you stand silently before you go into Ruku (you can say Allahu Akbar). WITHOUT THIS PAUSE SALAAT BECOMES BATIL. 967 THE WAJIB ACTS OF SALAAT ARE 11 5 ARE RUKN & 6 ARE GHAYR RUKN 55

56 56

57 57

58 58

59 59

60 60

61 EXERCISE 15: SALAAT Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your answer from. 1. Name 5 Wajib e Rukni actions. What you do understand by the term Wajib e Rukni? Masail No Name 6 Wajib e Ghayre Rukni actions. What do you understand by the term Ghayre Rukni? Masail No Zahida was in Ruku when she rememberd she did not recite the 2 nd Surah. What has she to do? Masail No Shabnam was about to go into the 2 nd Sajdah when she remembered she had forgotten to do her Ruku. How will she rectify it? Masail No Zainab was about to finish her Tashahud when she had a doubt whether she had done one or two Sajdah. What must she do? Masail No Sarah was reciting Tasbihaate Arba when she remembered that she had forgotten to do Tashahud. What must she do? Masail No Fatemah was reciting her 4 th Rakaat when she remembered that she did not do Tashahud in the 2 nd Rakaat. What must she do? Masail No

62 8. Sukaina was reciting her Maghrib Namaaz. In her 2 nd Rakaat after Tashahud, she recited the 1 st Salaam and realised her mistake. What has she to do? Masail No How do we do Sajdah Sahav? Masail No Mariam was reciting her Subh Namaaz. In the Ruku of her 2 nd Rakaat she realised she had missed one Sajdah of the previous Rakaat. What can she do? Masail No After finishing the Namaz, Saba had a doubt whether she recited the Tashahud or not. What must she do? Masail No Zahra was reciting her Maghrib Namaaz. She had a doubt whether it was her 2 nd or 3 rd Rakaat. What must she do? Masail No She then recited her Isha prayers and in the Tashahud of the 2 nd Rakaat, she had a doubt whether it was the 2 nd or 3 rd Rakaat. What must she do? Masail No Sakina was reciting her Asr Namaaz. She remembered in Ruku she did not recite the 2 nd Surah in the 1 st Rakaat. What has she to do? Masail No

63 15. I was sitting and had I a doubt- is it my 1 st Rakat or 2 nd Rakaat of Subh Namaaz. What will I do? Masail No I was reciting my Isha Namaaz anda had a doubt in Qiyam, is it my 4 th or 5 th Rakaat. What must I do? Masail No I was reciting my Dhohr Namaaz and reciting Salaam when I had a doubt, is it my 4 th or 5 th Rakaat. What must I do? Masail No A doubt regarding the number of Rakaat is not valid in a Rakaat or Rakaat Salaah or before the completion of the 2 nd Sajdah of Rakaat or any 4 Rakaat prayers. 19. Write the method of reciting Namaaz e Ehtiyat. Masail No

64 A: SALAATUL JAMAAT TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO SALAAT-UL-JAMAAT Definition: at least 2 people). Salaat-ul-Jamaat means prayers that are offered in gathering(i.e. Benefits Praying in congregation provides us with rewards both in this world and the hereafter; some of which are listed and illustrated below: Love & Co-operation Unity & Prestige of Islam Discipline / Islamic Equality Unlimited Reward Allah has put a very big reward for Salaat-ul-Jamaat. Our Holy Prophet (S) and our Imams (A) have placed great emphasis on Salaat-ul-Jamaat. Therefore, whenever we get an opportunity we should offer congregational prayers. Rewards Reward doubles after the 4 th person joins the No of Persons Present for Salaat-ul-Jamaat After the 11 th person joins, only Allah knows the reward we get 64

65 Importance of Salaat-ul-Jamaat The following are a few examples of the importance of offering the congregational prayers. For a full listing please refer to Islamic Laws (page 262) times better than the prayers offered alone It is not permissible to absent oneself from the congregational prayers unduly, and it is not proper to abandon congregational prayers without a justifiable excuse When Salaat-ul-Jamaat id being offered, it is Mustahab for a person who has already offered his prayers alone, to repeat the prayers in congregation Conditions of Salaat-ul-Jamaat The following are a few examples of the conditions of offering the congregational prayers. For a full listing please refer to Islamic Laws (page ) As a precaution, Mustahab prayers cannot be offered in congregation in any situation except: o Istisqa prayers (invoked for rain); or o Prayers which were obligatory during the presence of Ma soom Imam (A.S) but became Mustahab during his occultation like Eid ul Fitr and Eid ul Azha 1462 The Imam of the congregation prayers should be: Baligh, adil, of legitimate birth, Sane and be able to recite the Salaat correctly Imam stands in the front line 1479 Follower performs all acts a little after the Imam Mustahab Acts 1. Learned and pious persons occupy the first row Rows of the congregation are properly arranged and that there is no gap between the persons standing in one row; all standing shoulder to shoulder

66 HOW TO JOIN SALAAT-UL-JAMAAT Scenario s Where to join in Congregational Prayers Qiyam Ruku Sajdah Tashahud Salaam Imam in 1 st Rakaat, better to join in: Imam in 2 nd Rakaat better to join in: Imam in 3 rd \ 4 th Rakaat, better to join in: Imam in 3 rd \ 4 th Rakaat (Qiyam): Join and recite Surah Al Hamd and if you cannot finish the recitation by the time the Imam rises from Ruku you have to change your Niyyat to furada. If you do not know which Rakaat it is always join in: 66

67 You enter the Mosque it is the last Sajdah, you perform your Niyyat and Takbiratul Ehram and then sit for Tashahud and Salaam: During Tashahud and Salaam, raise your knees and place your palms on the floor rise up to your 1 st Rakaat when Imam completes Salaam. You can recite tashahud, but do not recite Salam. Wait in the squatting position till the Imam has completed then get up. Extra note: Raising of the knees from the ground is also followed in Tashahud and Salaam when you join in 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th Rakaat. 67

68 EXERCISE 16: SALAATUL JAMAAT Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your answer from. 1. You join in Qiyam when the Jamaat is in the 3 rd Rakaat. The Imam goes to Ruku and rises from the Ruku and you still have not completed the recitation of Surah Al Hamd. What should you do in this situation? Masail No You join when the Imam is in Ruku and are not sure whether you reached the Ruku of the Imam or not. What should you in this situation? Masail No When road construction is going on, Fatema decided to offer her Salaat before leaving for the mosque, as she knew she might not arrive in time for Salaat-ul-Jamaat. However, when she arrived at Stanmore, the program had been delayed due to the absence of Mukhi Saheb and Salaat-ul-Jamaat was about to start. What will she do? Masail No You arrive at the mosque when the Imam is reciting the last Tashahud and you wish to earn the Thawab of Salaat-ul-Jamaat. What can you do? Masail No Which of the following will the Imam recite quietly (Q) and which will he recited loudly (L) in the Jamaats of Dhohr and Magrib. Put Q or L for your answer a. Suratul Hamd b. Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim c. Qunoot d. Tasbihate- Arba e. Dhikr of Ruku f. Dhikr of Sajdah g. Tashahud and Salaam Dhohr Magrib 6. How would you join if the Imam is in the last Tashahud of Magrib Namaz? Masail No

69 7. Ali joined in Salaat-ul-Jamaat when the Imam was in Qiyam of the 3 rd Rakaat of Isha prayers. How would he continue? 8. Abid came in when Imam was in Tashahud of Dhohr Namaz. What must he do? 9. Wasim joined the Salaat-ul-Jamaat when the Imam was in Ruku of the 4 th Rakaat of Asr prayers. How would he continue? 10. Abbas joined in the Ruku of the 1 st Rakaat of Subh prayers. How does he go about his prayers? 11. Zahida went in to Ruku before the Imam in Salaat-ul-Jamaat. What must she do to rectify the mistake? Masail No Raheem recited the 2 nd and 3 rd Salaam slightly before the Imam in Salaat-ul- Jamaat. Is his prayers void? Masail No The Imam recited Tashahud at a wrong place in the Salaah. What will the followers do? Masail No

70 B: SALAATUL QASR A traveller has to reduce the Rakaats in Zuhr, Asr and Isha prayers, that is, he should perform two Rak'ats instead of four, subject to the seven conditions mentioned below. 7 Conditions To Be Fulfilled For Salaat-E-Qasr To Apply 1. TOTAL Travelling Distance covered is 28 miles /44 kms or more after leaving his hometown 2. Town/City Boundary HADDE TARAK KHUS - The traveller should be out of the boundary of the town or city before calculating the distance. 3. Niyyat - Before starting the journey, there must be a firm intention (Niyyat) of travelling a total of 28 miles or more. 4. Purpose of Journey - The journey should not be for a Haraam purpose eg gambling. 5. Length of Stay - The intention (Niyyat) to stay must be for less than 10 days. 6. Destination - The destination should not be to a place which the traveller has made his/her hometown WATAN. 7. Journey Frequency - The travelling is NOT the normal journey which a person does on account of work. 8. A traveller can offer full prayers in Masjidul Haram, Masjidul Nabi, Masjide Kufa, and even in the entire cities of Makaah, Medina and Kufa. He can also offer full prayers in the Haram of Imam Husayn up to the distance of 25 arms length How the 17 Rak aats are reduced PRAYER RAKAATS RECITED DAILY RAKAATS RECITED BY TRAVELLER Fajr 2 2 Zuhr 4 2 Asr 4 2 Maghrib 3 3 Isha 4 2 Total It is recommended that a traveller should say thirty (30) times after every prayer: "Subhanallahi walhamdu lillahi wala ilaha illallahu wallahu Akbar" 70

71 To recite dua after - Dhohr, Asr and Isha Salaat is highly recommended; and to recite the above sixty (60) times rather than thirty (30) after these three prayers. London- Below is a map of the City of London. The M25 is London s boundary i.e. HADDE TARAK KHUS. All towns inside M25 are within the City of London. Examples of towns or major airports outside M25: Gatwick Airport Stansted Airport Stevenage 71

72 72

73 EXERCISE 17: SALAATUL QASR Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your answer from 1. Zainab was travelling to Peterborough and stop at a service station on the way to pray her Dhohr Salaah. She later found out that she in fact she had only travelled 12 miles after Hade tarakkus but by then the time had lapsed/finished. What will she do? Masail No Aamir forgot to recite his Dohr and Asr Salaat before his trip to Isle of Wight and remembered about it at night at their hotel in Isle of Wight. Will he pray Qadha in full or Qasr? Why? Masail No Hamida was not sure if she was out of town or not. Will she pray full or Qasr? Masail No Ali went to Milton Keynes with his friends for the weekend even though his parents had not given him permission. Will he pray Qasr there? Why? Masail No Captain Husain is a pilot and travels to different parts of the world. How should he offer his Salaat when in different parts of the world? Why? Masail No Muhammad and his non-muslim school friends went to Paris for a week and as a dare on the 1 st night he drank a glass of beer. As he was feeling guilty for having done something Haraam, he offered his Salaat in full. Was this a correct decision? Explain. Masail No

74 C: SALAATUL AYAAT Salaat-e-Ayaat is WAJIB when any of the following occur 1500 Solar (Sun) Eclipse Lunar (Moon) Eclipse Earthquake Natural Disaster The offering of Salaat-e-Ayaat becomes Wajib only on the people who live in the town where a natural disaster occurs Timing Of Salaat-e-Ayaat 1504, 1505, 1507 & 1508 This relates to those NOT KNOWING that there was an eclipse until after the event PRAYED ANYTIME FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE ECLIPSE TILL IT CLEARS COMPLETELY DID DID NOT PRAY NOT WAJIB TO PRAY IF PARTIAL ECLIPSE NOT PRAY SHOULD BE PRAYED WITH QADHA NIYYAT IF TOTAL ECLIPSE PRAYED AS SOON AS THE DISASTER IS OVER 74

75 METHOD OF RECITING SALAAT E AYAAT METHOD 1 st RAKA AT METHOD 2 nd RAKA AT TOTAL: No. OF RAKAAT - 2 (Wajib) No. OF RUKU - 10 (Wajib) 75

76 EXERCISE 18: SALAAT E AYAT Use the Risala to answer the questions. State the Masail number you derived your answer from. 1. Anwer had just arrived from school. He had to offer his Dohr and Asr Salaat, as well as Salaat-e-Ayaat but there wasn t enough time to offer all of them. What will he offer first? Masail No While watching BBC news in the morning before going to work, Amina found out that there had been a partial lunar eclipse at 3.30am. Will she offer Qadha of Salaat-e-Ayaat? Masail No Javad only recited one Qunoot and that was before the 10 th Ruku. Is his Salaah valid? Why? Masail No Aaliya was not able to come to a decision whether it was her last Ruku of the 1 st Rakaat or the 1 st Ruku of the 2 nd Rakaat. Is her Salaah valid? Masail No Saima was offering her daily prayers on time when she realised that by the time she finished her prayers, time for Salat-e-Ayaat would have finished. What will she do? Masail No

77 TOPIC 14: KHUMS Khums is the Fifth branch of Furoo-e-Deen and it is Wajib on every Muslim. Khums, in Islamic terminology means one fifth of certain things which a person acquires as wealth and which must be paid as an Islamic Tax. Allah says in the Holy Qur'an: "Know that whatever of a thing you acquire (Ghanimat), a fifth of it is for Allah, for the Messenger, for the near relatives, the orphans, the needy and wayfarer." (al Anfal 8:41) Khums Has To Be Paid On The Following 7 Things Net Savings Lawful Wealth Mixed With Unlawful Wealth Buried Treasure Minerals 1807 Precious Stones Obtained From Sea By Diving War Booty Land Purchased 1842 Khums is Wajib on seven items but we will discuss Khums on only one item which is net savings The other six are not generally relevant to most Muslims, and when needed one can refer to the necessary Masail for them. 77

78 Items On Which Khums Is Exempted There is no Khums on the amount of one's Dowry (Mahr). 2. Khums is not liable on Inheritance. It is Ehtiyate Wajib that when one inherits from the least anticipated person, e.g. a very remote relative from whom one does not expect to inherit, Khums should be paid if any amount remains at the end of the year. Distribution Of Khums 1843 The money of Khums has to be divided into two equal parts. KHUMS SEHME IMAM SEHME SADAAT This part is given to the Imam of the time This part is given needy persons from the family of the Holy Prophet (S) IN THE GHAIBAT OF THE IMAM (A) THIS PART OF THE KHUMS IS GIVEN TO A MUJTAHID. WITH HIS PERMISSION WE USE THIS MONEY FOR OTHER PURPOSES, LIKE BUILDING MOSQUES, MADRESSAS, ETC. 78

79 An Example on How to Calculate Khums Example 1: Mohsin earns every month. His khums is due mid April. He has the following monthly expenses: Travelling costs to and from work 100 Household Expenses 300 Mortgage 800 Insurance [Car andhome] 200 He has a saving account which has Question: How much khums wil he pay if he has never paid khums before? Salary he gets in hand after ALL government deductions: Total expensed for the month: Savings: Savings after deducting all expenses: Total khums due on: Khums to be paid 6 20% Sehme Sadaat 610 Sehme Imam 610 Example2: Question: Suppose he has been paying khums every month and khums has already been paid on of his savings. Will he have to pay on that again this year? If not, how much will he pay instead? Solution: He will not pay on the 4000 he has already paid khums on. His khums for this year will be: Salary he gets in hand after ALL Government deductions: Total expenses for the month: Savings: Savings after deducting all expenses: Total Khums due on: Khums to be paid 2 20% 420 Sehme Sadaat 210 Sehme Imam

80 EXERCISE 19: KHUMS 1. a) Nahid became baaligh on 10 th Ramadhan. What would be immediately Wajib on her? b) What about Khums? 2. Salma became baaligh on 3 rd Murahham Next Muharram when she was going through her cupboard, she saw a new wallet and had 20 which had a got from her elder sister. She also found a new scarf and new namaaz chadar. She also found a new suit which was big for her last year. What has she to do with all the new items and the cash? 3. Rahm had a bank account of 7,000 which she had collected on her birthdays and Idds. Her father took out Khums of 400 on it. Where does her father give Khums money and how will that Khums money be used? 4. Rehana has about 6 CDs of music which she listens to them occasionally when she goes out with her friends. Does she have to pay Khums on it as it is used? 5. Raziya bai s father died and she got 20,000 as inheritance. Does she have to pay Khums? 6. Fatemah had 25 which was khums free meaning she had already taken out khums. She bought a bottle of perfume worth 20. She did not use that perfume for more than a year. Does she have to pay khums on that perfume? 80

81 7. Naseem had 1,000 in her bank account in year She took out khums of 200. In the year 2010, she had 1,200. How much khums does she pay this year? 81

82 TOPIC 15: SAUM SIGNIFICANCE OF FASTING The Month of Ramadhan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar and begins with all its social, moral and spiritual blessing. The following quotation from a Du'a points out some of these blessings: "O Allah this is the month of Ramadhan in which You sent the Qur'an as a guide for people and as a clear sign to differentiate between right and wrong; and it is the month of fasting, month of prayers, month of returning to You (Tawbah) and month of repentance; it is the month of forgiveness and mercy...; the month in which is the 'Night of Qadr' which is better than a thousand months...; O Allah, bless Mohammed and his progeny... and keep me free for Your worship and for reciting the Book." It appears from the above sentences that amongst the blessings of this month are Qur'an, the 'Night of Qadr', the repentance from sins and mutual understanding and forgiveness. According to Islamic belief, every action, whether good or bad, carries more weight in this month. Thus, charity is a virtue at all times, but is more virtuous in this month; and injustice is an evil at all times, but is more evil in this month. Reciting the Qur'an is a commendable deed the whole year round, but during the month of Ramadhan it assumes a far greater significance. And as the month of Ramadhan entered, Imam Zainul Abideen (A) would pray: "O Allah, help us fast in this month, by preventing our limbs from doing anything that displeases You, and by engaging them in acts which gain your pleasure...so that we may not lend our ears to things futile and our eyes may not see that which leads to forgetting You. Our hands may not commit that You have prohibited, and our feet may not advance towards the forbidden..." (Saheefa-e-Kamilah) Our Holy Prophet (S) told Jabir bin Abdillah: "O Jabir, this is holy Ramadhan, whoever fasts in it during the day, and stands to remember Allah during the night, controls his hunger and speech, he shall be forgiven his sins the way the holy month passes". Jabir said: "O Messenger of Allah, what a beautiful advice this is!". The Holy Prophet (S) answered: "And how important the conditions!" (Furoo' Al-Kafi Vol.4) 82

83 THE IMPORTANCE OF FASTING: Allah forgives us if we ask for forgiveness. In this month is the night of Qadr, which is better than a thousand months. The complete Holy Qur an was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (S) during this Holy month. Reasons For Fasting The month of Ramadhan is the holiest month in the Islamic Calendar. Duas are easily accepted. O you who believe! Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you so that you may attain TAQWA (Surah Baqara Verse 183) 1. Fasting is Wajib 2. It helps us to strengthen our will power against those things that are Haraam. 3. Brings about Unity amongst us and those living near us. 4. As we feel hungry we begin to realise how the people who are poor and cannot afford food suffer daily in their lives and as a result of our fasting we may feel that we should do something for them. The Holy Prophet (S) has advised that we should eat enough to kill the hunger and not more 83