Bihar Al Anwaar Volume 5 بحار األنوار BIHAR AL-ANWAAR ج 5. Volume 5

Transcription

1 بحار األنوار BIHAR AL-ANWAAR ج 5 Volume 5 بحار االنوار الجامعة لدرر أخبار االئمة االطهار Bihar Al-Anwaar The summary of the pearls of the Ahadeeth of the Pure Imams asws تأليف العالمة فخر االمة المولى الشيخ محمد باقر المجلسيى Author The Allama, the pride of the community, the Mullah, the Sheikh Muhammad Baqir Al Majlisi Page 1 of 340

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS ON JUSTICE... 4 CHAPTER 1 NEGATION OF THE INJUSTICE AND THE TYRANNY FROM HIM azwj, THE EXALTED, AND THE INVALIDATION OF THE COMPULSION AND THE DELEGATION, AND AFFIRMATION OF THE MATTER BEING BETWEEN THE TWO MATTERS, AND PROOF OF THE CHOICE AND THE CAPABILITY... 4 CHAPTER 2 ANOTHER, AND IT IS FROM THE FIRST CHAPTER CHAPTER 3 THE ORDAINMENT (FATE) AND THE PRE-DETERMINATION (DESTINY), AND THE DESIRE, AND THE WILL, AND REST OF THE CAUSES OF THE DEED CHAPTER 4 THE TERMS (LIFE-SPANS) CHAPTER 5 THE SUSTENANCES AND THE PRICES (INFLATION) CHAPTER 6 THE FORTUNACY AND THE WRETCHEDNESS, AND THE GOOD AND THE EVIL, AND THEIR CREATIONS AND THEIR DETERMINATIONS CHAPTER 7 THE GUIDANCE, AND THE STRAYING, AND THE INCLINATION, AND THE FORSAKING CHAPTER 8 THE SCRUTINY, AND THE LURE, AND THE AFFLICTION, AND THE TEST CHAPTER 9 THE RECOGNITION IS FROM HIM azwj, THE EXALTED CHAPTER 10 THE ESSENCE (CLAY) AND THE COVENANT CHAPTER 11 ONES WHO WILL NOT BE HIGHBORN FROM THE PEOPLE, AND PHYSICAL BEAUTIES OF THE AND THEIR FAULTS, BOTH IMPACTING IN THE PEOPLE CHAPTER 12 REASON FOR THE ERADICATING PUNISHMENT, AND STATE OF THE SON OF ADULTERY, AND REASON FOR THE DIFFERENT STATES OF THE PEOPLE CHAPTER 13 THE CHILDREN AND THE ONES WHOM THE PROOF WAS NOT COMPLETED UPON IN THE WORLD CHAPTER 14 ONE FROM WHOM THE PEN IS RAISED, AND NEGATION OF THE DIFFICULTY BEING IN THE RELIGION, AND THE CONDITIONS OF THE VALIDITY OF THE ENCUMBERMENT, AND REGARDING WHAT THE IGNORANT ONE IS EXCUSED, AND THE INTRODUCTION IS NECESSITATED UPON ALLAH azwj CHAPTER 15 THE REASON FOR THE CREATION OF THE SERVANTS AND THEIR ENCUMBERMENT, AND THE REASON DUE TO WHICH ALLAH MADE IN THE WORLD, THE PLEASURES AND THE PAINS, AND THE ADVERSITIES CHAPTER 16 GENERAL ENCUMBERMENTS CHAPTER 17 THE ANGELS ARE RECORDING THE DEEDS OF THE SERVANTS CHAPTER 18 THE PROMISE AND THE THREAT, AND THE CONFISCATION, AND THE ATONEMENT Page 2 of 340

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4 )ابواب العدل( CHAPTERS ON JUSTICE )باب 1( * )نفى الظلم والجور عنه تعالى وابطال الجبر والتفويض ( * * )واثبات االمر بين االمرين واثبات االختيار واالستطاعة( CHAPTER 1 NEGATION OF THE INJUSTICE AND THE TYRANNY FROM HIM azwj, THE EXALTED, AND THE INVALIDATION OF THE COMPULSION AND THE DELEGATION, AND AFFIRMATION OF THE MATTER BEING BETWEEN THE TWO MATTERS, AND PROOF OF THE CHOICE AND THE CAPABILITY * االيات آل عمران " 3 " ذلك مبا قدمت أيديكم وأن اهلل ليس بظالم للعبيد 182. The verses (Surah) Aal e Imran: That would be due to what your own hands have sent before and that Allah is not in the least unjust to the servants [3:182] النساء " 4 " إن اهلل ال يظلم مثقال ذرة وإن تك حسنة يضاعفها ويؤت من لدنه أجرا عظيما 40 (Surah) Al Nisaa: Surely Allah does not do injustice to the weight of a particle; and if you do a good deed He Multiplies it and Gives from Himself a great Recompense [4:40] " وقال ": وال يظلمون فتيال 49 And Said: and they shall not be wronged (by even) the husk of a date stone [4:49] " وقال ": ما أصابك من حسنة فمن اهلل وما أصابك من سيئة فمن نفسك 79 And Said: Whatever befalls you from a good, so it is from Allah, and whatever befalls you from an evil, so it is from yourselves [4:79] " وقال ": ما يفعل اهلل بعذابكم إن شكرمت وآمنتم وكان اهلل شاكرا عليما 147 And Said: Allah will not Deal out your Punishment if you are grateful and believe; and Allah was always Grateful, Knowing [4:147] االنعام " 6 " ذلك أن مل يكن ربك مهلك القرى بظلم وأهلها غافلون Page 4 of 340

5 (Surah) Al Anaam: That is because your Lord did not happen to Destroy the towns due to injustice while their people were neglectful [6:131] * ولكل درجات مما عملوا وما ربك بغافل عما يعملون And for all there are levels from what they are doing, and your Lord is not Heedless of what they are doing [6:132] االعراف " 7 " إنا جعلنا الشياطني أولياء للذين ال يؤمنون (Surah) Al Araaf: We Made the satans to be friends of those who do not believe [7:27] * وإذا فعلوا فاحشة قالوا وجدنا عليها آبائنا واهلل أمرنا هبا قل إن اهلل ال يأمر بالفحشاء And when they are committing an immorality, they are saying, We found our fathers being upon it, and Allah Commanded us with it. Say: Surely Allah does not Command with the immoralities. Are you saying upon Allah what you do not know? [7:28] االنفال " 8 " ذلك مبا قدمت أيديكم وأن اهلل ليس بظالم للعبيد 51. (Surah) Al Anfaal: That is due to what your hands sent forward, and surely Allah isn t the least unjust to the servants [8:51] التوبة " 9 " فماكان اهلل ليظلمهم ولكنكانوا أنفسهم يظلمون 70. (Surah) Al Tawbah: So it was not Allah Who was unjust to them, but they were unjust to themselves [9:70] يونس " 10 " إن اهلل ال يظلم الناس شيئا ولكن الناس أنفسهم يظلمون 44 (Surah) Yunus as : Surely, Allah does not do any injustice to the people, but the people are being unjust to themselves [10:44] " وقال تعاىل ": قل يا أيها الناس قد جائكم احلق من ربكم فمن اهتدى فإمنا يهتدي لنفسه ومن ضل فإمنا يضل عليها وما أنا عليكم بوكيل 108. And the Exalted Said: Say: O you people! The Truth has come from your Lord, so the one who goes aright, he goes aright for his own soul, and the one who strays, so rather he strays upon it, and I am not a custodian upon you all [10:108] النحل " 16 " وما ظلمهم اهلل ولكنكانوا أنفسهم يظلمون (Surah) Al Nahl: and Allah is not unjust to them, but they were unjust to their own selves [16:33] Page 5 of 340

6 So, the evil results of what they had done shall afflict them [16:34] * فأصاهبم سيئات ما عملوا احلج " 22 " ذلك مبا قدمت يداك وأن اهلل ليس بظالم للعبيد 10. (Surah) Al Hajj: That is due to what your two hands have sent forward, and surely Allah isn t unjust to the servants [22:10] املؤمنون " 23 " وال نكلف نفسا إال وسعها ولديناكتاب ينطق باحلق وهم ال يظلمون 62. (Surah) Al Mominoun: And We do not Encumber a soul except to its capacity, and with Us is the Book speaking with the Truth, and they would not be wronged [23:62] النور " 24 " لكل امرئ منهم ما اكتسب من االمث 11. (Surah) Al Noor: For every person from them is what he has earned from the sin, [24:11] سبا " 34 " قل ال تسئلون عما أجرمنا وال نسئل عما تعملون 25. (Surah) Saba: Say: You will not be Questioned about what we commit nor will we be Questioned about what you are doing. [34:25] فاطره " 35 " وال تزر وازرة وزر اخرى وإن تدع مثقلة إىل محلها ال حيمل منه شئ ولوكان ذا قرىب 18. (Surah) Fatir: And no bearer will bear a burden of another; and if a burdened one were to call (another) to carry it, he would not be able to carry anything from it, and even though he may be a next of kin. [35:18] ص " 38 " أم جنعل الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصاحلاتكاملفسدين يف االرض أم جنعل املتقنيكالفجار 28. (Surah) Saad: Or should We Make those who believe and do righteous deeds to be like the mischief-makers in the earth, or Make the pious ones to be like the immoral? [38:28] الزمر " 39 " إن تكفروا فإن اهلل غين عنكم وال يرضى لعباده الكفر وإن تشكروا يرضه لكم وال تزر وازرة وزر اخرى 7. (Surah) Al Zumar: If you ungrateful, then Allah is needless from you all, and He is not Pleased with the Kufr of His servants; and if you are grateful, He would be Pleased for you. And a bearer of burden will not bear the burden of another, [39:7] املؤمن " 40 " وما اهلل يريد ظلما للعباد " 31 (Surah) Al Momin: and Allah does not Want injustice for the servants [40:31] Page 6 of 340

7 وقال تعاىل ": من عمل سيئة فال جيزى إال مثلها " 40 And the Exalted Said: One who does evil deeds, so he would not be Recompensed except for its like [40:40] وقال تعاىل ": اليوم جتزى كل نفس مبا كسبت ال ظلم اليوم إن اهلل سريع احلساب 17. And the Exalted Said: Today every soul shall be Recompensed for whatever it has earned. There shall be no injustice today. Surely, Allah is Quick in Reckoning [40:17] السجدة " 41 " من عمل صاحلا فلنفسه ومن أساء فعليها وما ربك بظالم للعبيد 46. (Surah) Al Sajdah: One who acts righteously, so it is for himself, and one who does evil, so it would be against him, and your Lord is not the least unjust to the servants [41:46] الزخرف " 43 " وما ظلمناهم ولكنكانوا هم الظاملني 76. (Surah) Al Zukhruf: And We were not unjust unto them, but they were unjust [43:76] ق " 50 " ال ختتصموا لدي وقد قدمت إليكم بالوعيد * ما يبدل القول لدي وما أنا بظالم للعبيد (Surah) Qaf: He will Say: Do not quarrel in My Presence, and I had Sent the Threat forward to you [50:28] My Word will not change in My Presence, and I am not the least unjust to the servants! [50:29] الطور " 52 " إمنا جتزون ماكنتم تعملون 16 (Surah) Al Toor: But rather, you are being Recompensed for what you had been doing! [52:16] " وقال تعاىل ": كلوا واشربوا هنيئا مباكنتم تعملون " 19 And the Exalted Said: Eat and drink pleasantly, due to what you had been doing! [52:19] And the Glorious Said: Every person is pledged with what he earns [52:21] وقال سبحانه ": كل امرئ مبا كسب رهني 21. النجم " 53 " وهلل ما يف السموات وما يف االرض ليجزي الذين أساؤا مبا عملوا و جيزي الذين أحسنوا باحلسىن " (Surah) Al Najam: And for Allah is whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth, for Him to Recompense those committers of evil for what they had done, and (for) Him to Recompense those did good, with the Goodness [53:31] Page 7 of 340

8 إىل قوله تعاىل ": أم مل ينبأ مبا يف صحف موسى * وإبراهيم الذي ويف Up to the Words of the Exalted: Or, did he (the Rasool) not inform of what is in the Parchment of Musa? [53:36] And (Parchment of) Ibrahim who fulfilled it? [53:37] * أال تزر وازرة وزر أخرى A bearer of a burden will not bear the burden of another [53:38] * وأن ليس لالنسان إال ما سعى * وأن سعيه سوف يرى * مث جيزيه اجلزاء االوىف And there wouldn t be for the human being except what he strives for [53:39] And surely his striving will soon be Seen [53:40] Then He will Recompense him the fullest Recompense [53:41] " جزاء مباكانوا يعملون 24. (Surah) Al Waqia: Being a Recompense of what they had been doing [56:24]. الواقعة " 56-1 ىل: أيب عن سعد عن ابن يزيد عن ابن أيب عمري عن صباح بن عبد احلميد وهشام وحفص وغري واحد قالوا: قال أبو عبد اهلل الصادق عليه السالم: إنا ال نقول جربا وال تفويضا. My father, from Sa ad, from Ibn Yazeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Sabah Bin Abdul Hameed, and Hisham and Hafs and someone else, they said, Abu Abdullah Al-Sadiq asws said: We asws are neither saying compulsion nor delegation. 1-2 يد ن ىل: السناين عن االسدي عن سهل عن عبد العظيم احلسين عن االمام علي بن حممد عن أبيه حممد بن علي عن أبيه الرضا علي بن موسى عليهما السالم قال: خرج أبو حنيفة ذات يوم من عند الصادق عليه السالم فاستقبله موسى بن جعفر عليه السالم فقال له: يا غالم ممن املعصية Al Sanany, from Sahl, from Abdul Azeem Al Hasni, From the Imam Ali asws Bin Muhammad asws, from his asws father Muhammad asws Bin Ali asws, from his asws father Al-Reza Ali asws Bin Musa asws having said: One day Abu Haneefa went out from the presence of Al-Sadiq asws and met Musa asws Bin Ja far asws, and he said to him asws, O boy, from whom is the (act of) disobedience? فقال عليه السالم: ال ختلو من ثالثة: إما أن تكون من اهلل عزوجل و ليست منه فال ينبغي للكرمي أن يعذب عبده مبا مل يكتسبه وإما أن تكون من اهلل عزوجل ومن العبد فال ينبغي للشريك القوي أن يظلم الشريك الضعيف وإما أن تكون من العبد وهي منه فإن عاقبه اهلل فبذنبه وإن عفى عنه فبكرمه وجوده. 1 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 1 Page 8 of 340

9 So, he asws said: You are not free from three Either it happens (by the servant) from (Forced by) Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic, and it isn t (possible) from Him azwj, for it is not befitting for the Benevolent that He azwj would Punish His azwj servant for what he did not earn; or it happens as per (Wish of) Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic as well as from the servant, but it is not befitting for the strong associate that he should oppress the weak associate; or it (therefore only) happens from the servant, and it is (indeed) from him, so Allah azwj would Punish him for his sins, and if He azwj Pardons him, it would be due to His azwj Benevolence and His azwj Generosity. 2-3 ب: ابن حكيم عن البزنطي قال: سألت أبا احلسن عليه السالم قال: فقال يل: اكتب قال اهلل تعاىل: يابن آدم مبشييت كنت أنت الذي تشاء وبنعميت أديت إيل فرائضي وبقدريت قويت على معصييت خلقتك مسيعا بصريا أنا أوىل حبسناتك منك وأنت أوىل بسيئاتك مين الين ال اسأل عما أفعل وهم يسألون قد نظمت مجيع ما سألت عنه. Ibn Hakeem, from Al Bazanty who said, I asked Abu Al-Hassan asws, and he asws said to me: Write down: Allah azwj the Exalted Said: O son of Adam as! By My azwj Desire you used to desire, and by My azwj Favour you fulfilled My azwj Obligations to Me azwj, and by My azwj Power you were strengthened upon disobeying me. I azwj Created you hearing, seeing. I azwj am foremost with your Rewards than you are, and you are foremost with your sins than I azwj am, because I azwj will not be questioned about what I azwj Do and they would be Questioned! I asws have organised for you the entirety of what you had asked about. 3-4 ب: أمحد بن حممد عن البزنطي عن الرضا عليه السالم قال: كان علي بن احلسني عليهما السالم إذا ناجى ربه قال: يا رب قويت على معصيتك بنعمتك. Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Bazanty, From Al-Reza asws having said: Whenever Ali asws Bin Al-Husayn asws used to whisper to his asws Lord azwj, said: O Lord azwj! I asws am strengthened upon disobeying You azwj by Your azwj Bounties. قال: ومسعته يقول يف قول اهلل تبارك وتعاىل: " إن اهلل ال يغري ما بقوم حىت يغريوا ما بأنفسهم وإذا أراد اهلل بقوم سوء فال مرد له " فقال: إن القدرية حيتجون بأوهلا وليس كما يقولون أال ترى أن اهلل تبارك وتعاىل يقول: " وإذا أراد اهلل بقوم سوء فال مرد له " وقال نوح على نبينا وآله وعليه السالم: وال ينفعكم نصحي إن أردت أن أنصح لكم إن كان اهلل يريد أن يغويكم. قال: االمر إىل اهلل يهدي من يشاء. He (the narrator) said, And I heard him asws saying regarding the Words of Allah azwj Blessed and Exalted: Surely Allah does not Change what is with a people until they change what is with themselves. And whenever Allah Intends Punishment for a people, then there is no repeller for it, [13:11]: And Noah as said: An advice would not benefit you if I as want to 2 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 2 3 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 3 Page 9 of 340

10 advise you if Allah azwj Wants to Let you stray. He asws said: The matter is to Allah azwj. He azwj Guides the one He azwj so Desires to. 4-5 ب: باالسناد املذكور قال: مسعت الرضا عليه السالم يقول:كان علي بن احلسني عليهما السالم إذا ناجى ربه قال: اللهم يا رب إمنا قويت على معاصيك بنعمك. By the mentioned chain, he said, I heard Al-Reza asws saying: Whenever Ali asws Bin Al-Husayn asws used to whisper to his asws Lord azwj, said: O Allah azwj! O Lord azwj! But rather, I asws am strengthened upon disobeying You azwj by Your azwj Bounties. 5-6 فس: قوله: " إن اهلل ال يستحيي أن يضرب مثال إىل قوله: " يضل به كثريا و يهدي بهكثريا " قال الصادق عليه السالم: إن هذا القول من اهلل رد على من زعم أن اهلل تبارك وتعاىل يضل العباد مث يعذهبم على ضاللتهم. His azwj Words: Surely Allah has no Reservations from Striking an example up to His azwj Words: (the disbelievers are saying) He is Straying many by it and Guiding many by it! [2:26], Al-Sadiq asws said: This Word from Allah azwj is a rebuttal upon the one who claims that Allah azwj Blessed and Exalted Strays the servants, then He azwj would Punish them upon their straying. 6-7 ل: اخلليل بن أمحد عن ابن منيع عن احلسن بن عرفة عن علي بن ثابت عن إمساعيل بن أيب إسحاق عن ابن أيب ليلى عن نافع عن ابن عمر قال: قال رسول اهلل صلى اهلل عليه وآله: صنفان من أميت ليس هلما يف االسالم نصيب: املرجئة والقدرية. Al Khaleel Bin Ahmad, from Ibn Mani e, from Al Hassan Bin Arfat, from Ali Bin Sabit, from Ismail Bin Abu Is haq, from Ibn Abu Layli, from nafau, from Ibn Umar who said, Rasool-Allah saww said: There are two types (of people) from my saww community, there wouldn t be a share for them in Al-Islam the Murjiites and the Qadiriites (Fatalists). 7-8 كنز الكراجكى: عن حممد بن علي بن حممد بن الصخر البصري عن عمر بن حممد ابن سيف عن علي بن حممد بن مهرويه القزويين عن داود بن سليمان عن الرضا عن آبائه عليهم السالم مثله. (The book) Kunz, of Al Karajaky from Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Al Sakhar Al Basry, from Umar Bin Muhammad Ibn Sayf, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Mahrawiya Al Qazwiny, from Dawood Bin Suleyman, From Al-Reza asws, from his asws forefathers asws similar to it. 8 4 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 4 5 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 5 6 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 6 7 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 7 8 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 8 Page 10 of 340

11 - 9 ل: حممد بن علي بن بشار القزويين عن املظفر بن أمحد وعلي بن حممد بن سليمان عن علي بن جعفر البغدادي عن جعفر بن حممد بن مالك الكويف عن احلسن ابن راشد عن علي بن سامل عن أبيه قال: قال أبو عبد اهلل جعفر بن حممد الصادق عليه السالم: أدىن ما خيرج به الرجل من االميان أن جيلس إىل غال ويستمع إىل حديثه ويصدقه على قوله Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Bashaa Al Qazwiny, from Al Muzaffar Bin Ahmad, and Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Suleyman, from Ali Bin Ja far Al Baghdady, from Ja far Bin Muhammad Bin Malik Al Kufy, from Al Hassan Ibn Rashid, from Ali Bin Salim, from his father who said, Abu Abdullah Ja far asws Bin Muhammad Al-Sadiq asws said: The least by which the man exits from the Eman is that he sits to an exaggerator and listens intently to his Hadeeth and ratifies him upon his words. إن أيب حدثين عن أبيه عن جده عليهم السالم أن رسول اهلل صلى اهلل عليه وآله قال: صنفان من أميت ال نصيب هلما يف االسالم: الغالة والقدرية. My asws father asws narrated to me asws from his asws grandfather asws that Rasool-Allah saww said: Two types (of people) from my saww community, there is no share for them in Al-Islam the exaggerators and the Qadiriites (Fatalists) عد: اعتقادنا يف االستطاعة ما قاله موسى بن جعفر عليه السالم حني قيل له: أيكون العبد مستطيعا Our belief regarding the capability is what was said by Musa asws Bin Ja far asws when it was said to him asws, Does the servant happen to be capable (of committing sins and hence punishable)? قال: نعم بعد أربع خصال: أن يكون خملي السرب صحيح اجلسم سليم اجلوارح له سبب وارد من اهلل عزوجل فإذا متت هذه فهو مستطيع He asws said: Yes, after four characteristics The man happens to be devoid of the watcher, healthy of body, sound of limbs, for him being a reason arriving from Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic. So, when these are complete, then he is a capable one. فقيل له: مثل أي شئ فقال: يكون الرجل خملى السرب صحيح اجلسم سليم اجلوارح ال يقدر أن يزين إال أن يرى امرأة فإذا وجد املرأة فإما أن يعصم فيمتنع كما امتنع يوسف وإما أن خيلي بينه وبينها فيزين وهو زان ومل يطع اهلل بإكراه ومل يعص بغلبة. It was said to him asws, For example, which thing? He asws said: The man happens to be devoid of the watcher, healthy of body, sound of limbs, not able upon committing adultery except if he sees a woman. So, when he does find a woman, then either he protects and prevents (himself) just as Yusuf as prevented, or he isolates between him and her and he 9 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 9 Page 11 of 340

12 commits adultery, and he would be an adulterer; and he did not obey Allah azwj by His azwj Compulsion, and did not disobey by being overcome وسئل الصادق عليه السالم عن قول اهلل عزوجل: " وقدكانوا يدعون إىل السجود وهم ساملون " قال: مستطيعون لالخذ مبا امروا به والرتك ملا هنوا عنه وبذلك ابتلوا. And Al-Sadiq asws was asked about the Words of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic: and they had been called to the Sajdah while they were safe (and sound) [68:43]. He asws said: They were able for the taking with what they had been Commanded with, and the leaving of what they had been Forbidden from, and by that they were Tried وقال أبو جعفر عليه السالم: يف التوراة مكتوب مسطور: يا موسى إين خلقتك واصطفيتك وقويتك وأمرتك بطاعيت وهنيتك عن معصييت فإن أطعتين أعنتك على طاعيت وإن عصيتين مل أعنك على معصييت ويل املنة عليك يف طاعتك ويل احلجة عليك يف معصيتك. And Abu Ja far asws said: In the Torah it is written, inscribed: O Musa as! I azwj Created you as and Chose you as and Strengthened you as, and Commanded you as with obeying Me azwj, and Forbade you as from disobeying Me azwj. So, if you as were to obey Me azwj, I azwj will Assist you as upon obeying Me azwj, and if you as disobey Me azwj, I azwj will not Assist you as upon disobeying Me azwj ; and from Me azwj is the Favouring upon you as in your as obedience, and for Me azwj is the Argument upon you as in your as disobedience! فس: يف رواية أيب اجلارود قوله: " كما بدأكم تعودون فريقا هدى وفريقا حق عليهم الضاللة " قال: خلقهم حني خلقهم مؤمنا وكافرا وشقيا وسعيدا و كذلك يعودون يوم القيامة مهتد وضال In a report of Abu Al Jaroud His azwj Words: Just as He Originated you all, (so) you would be returning [7:29] A group is Guided and a group, the straying is deserved upon them. [7:30]. He asws said: He azwj Created them when He azwj Created them, as Momins, and Kafirs, and wretched, and fortunate; and like that that they shall be returning on the Day of Judgement as being rightly Guided, and having strayed. يقول: إهنم اختذوا الشياطني أولياء من دون اهلل وحيسبون أهنم مهتدون ; وهم القدرية الذين يقولون: ال قدر ويزعمون قادرون على اهلدى والضاللة وذلك إليهم إن شاؤوا اهتدوا وإن شاؤوا ضلوا وهم جموس هذه االمة أهنم He azwj is Saying: They are taking the satans as friends from besides Allah and are reckoning that they are rightly Guided ones [7:30], and they are the Qadiriyya (Fatalists) who are saying that there is no Pre-determination, and are alleging that they have power over the 10 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 12 Page 12 of 340

13 Guidance and the straying, and that it is up to them if they so desire to be Guided, and if they so desire they can go astray. They are the Magians of this community. وكذب أعداء اهلل املشية والقدرة هلل " كما بدأكم تعودون " من خلقه اهلل شقيا يوم خلقه كذلك يعود إليه ومن خلقه سعيدا يوم خلقه كذلك يعود إليه سعيدا And the enemies of Allah azwj are liars. The Desire and the Power is for Allah azwj Just as He Originated you all, (so) you would be returning [7:29]. The one who was Created as a wretch would be a wretch up to the Day of Judgement, and thus return to Him azwj as a wretch. And the one who was Created fortunate on the day he was born, would similarly return to Him azwj as a fortunate one. قال رسول اهلل صلى اهلل عليه وآله: الشقي من شقى يف بطن امه والسعيد من سعد يف بطن امه. Rasool-Allah saww said: The wretch is a wretch from the womb of his mother, and the fortunate one is fortunate from the womb of his mother ل: الفامي وابن مسرور عن ابن بطة عن الصفار وحممد بن علي بن حمبوب عن ابن عيسى عن احلسني بن سعيد عن محاد بن عيسى عن حريز عن أيب عبد اهلل عليه السالم قال: الناس يف القدر على ثالثة أوجه: رجل زعم أن اهلل عز وجل أجرب الناس على املعاصي فهذا قد ظلم اهلل عزوجل يف حكمه وهو كافر ورجل يزعم أن االمرمفوض إليهم فهذا وهن اهلل يف سلطانه فهو كافر Al Famy and Ibn Masrour, from Ibn Batah, from Al Safar and Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Mahboub, from Ibn Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Hamad Bin Isa, from Hareyz, From Abu Abdullah asws having said: The people, regarding the Pre-determination, are upon three perspectives a man who claims that Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Compels the people upon the disobedience, so this one has been unjust to Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic regarding His azwj Judgment and he is a Kafir; and a man who claims that the Command is delegated to them, so this one weakens Allah azwj regarding His azwj Authority, and he is a Kafir. ورجل يقول: إن اهلل عزوجلكلف العباد ما يطيقون ومل يكلفهم ما ال يطيقون فإذا أحسن محد اهلل وإذا أساء استغفر اهلل فهذا مسلم بالغ. And a man is saying, Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic encumbered the servants what they can endure, and did not Encumber them what they cannot endure, so this one excellently praised Allah azwj, and when he sins, Allah azwj Forgives. This one is a mature Muslim ل: أيب عن علي عن أبيه عن احلسن بن احلسن بن الفارسي عن سليمان بن جعفر البصري عن عبد اهلل بن احلسني بن زيد بن علي بن احلسني بن علي بن أيب طالب عن أبيه عن جعفر بن حممد عن آبائه عن علي عليهم السالم قال: قال 13 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 14 Page 13 of 340

14 رسول اهلل صلى اهلل عليه وآله: إن اهلل عز وجل ملا خلق اجلنة خلقها من لبنتني لبنة من ذهب ولبنة من فضة وجعل حيطاهنا الياقوت وسقفها الزبرجد وحصبائها اللؤلؤ وتراهبا الزعفران واملسك االزفر My father, from Ali, from his father, from Al Hassan Bin Al Hassan Bin Farsy, from Suleyman Bin Ja far Al Basry, from Abdullah Bin Al Husayn Bin Zayd, Son of Ali asws Bin Al-Husayn asws Bin Ali asws Bin Abu Talib asws, from his father, from Ja far asws Bin Muhammad asws, from his asws forefathers, from Ali asws having said: Rasool-Allah saww said: When Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Created the Paradise, Created it from two (types of) bricks bricks of gold, and bricks of silver, and Made its walls of rubies, and its ceilings of aquamarine, and its gravel of pearls, and its dust of saffron and blue musk. فقال هلا: تكلمي فقالت: ال إله إال أنت احلي القيوم قد سعد من يدخلين. فقال عزوجل: بعزيت وعظميت وجاليل وارتفاعي ال يدخلها مدمن مخر وال سكري وال قتات وهو النمام وال ديوث وهو القلطبان وال قالع وهو الشرطي وال زنوق وهو اخلنثى وال خيوف وهو النباش وال عشار وال قاطع رحم وال قدري. He azwj Said to it: Speak! It said, There is no god except You azwj, the Living, the Eternal. Fortunate are the ones entering me. So, Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: By My azwj Might, and My azwj Magnificence, and My azwj Majesty and My azwj Loftiness! Neither will a habitual drinker of wine enter it, nor an intoxicated one, nor a slanderer and he is the talebearer (trouble-maker), nor a pimp, and he is the Qaltaban, nor a Qala and he is the police officer, nor a Zanouq and he is the hermaphrodite, nor a Khuyuf and he is the grave-robber, nor a tax collector, nor a severer of relationships, nor a believer in Compulsion!. 15 ومل أجد اللغويني فسروا الزنوق واخليوف مبا فسرا به يف اخلرب. (Majlisi said), And I did not find in the languages interpreting (the words), Al-Zanouq, and Al-Khuyuf with what they have been interpreted in the Hadeeth ل: أيب وابن الوليد عن أمحد بن إدريس وحممد العطار عن االشعري عن حممد بن احلسني بإسناد له يرفعه قال: قال رسول اهلل صلى اهلل عليه وآله: ال يدخل اجلنة مدمن مخر وال سكري وال عاق وال شديد السواد وال ديوث وال قالع وهو الشرطي وال زنوق وهو اخلنثى وال خيوف وهو النباش وال عشار وال قاطع رحم وال قدري. My father and Ibn Al Waleed, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, and Muhammad al Attar, from Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn by a chain of his, raising it, said, Rasool-Allah saww said: Neither will a habitual drinker of wine enter the Paradise, nor an intoxicated one, nor one disloyal (to the parents), nor one intensely black (of hair in old age), nor a pimp, nor a Qala and he is the police officer, nor a Zanouq and he is the hermaphrodite, nor a Khuyuf and he is the grave-robber, nor a tax collector, nor a severer of relationships, nor a believer in Compulsion. 15 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 15 Page 14 of 340

15 قال الصدوق رمحه اهلل: يعين بشديد السواد الذي ال يبيض شئ من شعر رأسه وال من شعر حليته مع كرب السن ويسمى الغربيب. Al-Sadouq said, The meaning of intensely black is the one who, there is nothing white from the hair of his head, nor from the hair of his beard along with the old age, and he is named as Al-Gharbeeb ن: السناين عن االسدي عن سهل عن عبد العظيم احلسين عن إبراهيم ابن أيب حممود قال: سألت أبا احلسن الرضا عليه السالم عن قول اهلل عزوجل: " وتركهم يف ظلمات ال يبصرون " فقال: إن اهلل تبارك وتعاىل ال يوصف بالرتك كما يوصف خلقه ولكنه مىت علم أهنم ال يرجعون عن الكفر والضالل منعهم املعاونة واللطف وخال بينهم وبني اختيارهم. Al Sanany, from Al Asady, from Sahl, from Abdul Azeem Al Hasny, from Ibrahim Ibn Abu Mahmoud who said, I asked Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza asws about the Words of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic: and left them in darkness not seeing [2:17]. He asws said: Allah azwj Blessed and Exalted cannot be described with the Leaving just as His azwj creatures are described, but He azwj, when He azwj Knows that they would not be returning from the Kufr and the straying, Prevents them the Assistance and the Kindness and Leaves them with their choices. قال: وسألته عن قول اهلل عزوجل " ختم اهلل على قلوهبم وعلى مسعهم " قال: اخلتم هو الطبع على قلوب الكفار عقوبة على كفرهم كما قال تعاىل: " بل طبع اهلل عليها بكفرهم فال يؤمنون إال قليال " He (the narrator) said, And I asked him asws about the Words of Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic: Allah has Set a seal upon their hearts and upon their hearing [2:7]. He asws said: The seal, it is the lock upon the hearts of the Kafirs as a Punishment upon their Kufr just as the Exalted Said: But, Allah Set a seal upon them owing to their unbelief, so they shall not believe except for a few [4:155]. قال: وسألته عن اهلل عزوجل هل جيرب عباده على املعاصي فقال: بل خيريهم وميهلهم حىت يتوبوا He (the narrator) said, And I asked him asws about Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic, Does He azwj Compel His azwj servants upon the (acts of) disobedience? He asws said: But, He azwj Gives them a choice and Respites them until they repent. قلت: فهل يكلف عباده ما ال يطيقون فقال: كيف يفعل ذلك وهو يقول: " وما ربك بظالم للعبيد " I said, So does He azwj Encumber His azwj servants what they cannot endure? He asws said: How can He azwj do that and He azwj is Saying: and your Lord is not the least unjust to the servants [41:46]? 16 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 16 Page 15 of 340

16 مث قال عليه السالم: حدثين أيب موسى بن جعفر عن أبيه جعفر بن حممد عليهم السالم أنه قال: من زعم أن اهلل جيرب عباده على املعاصي أو يكلفهم ما ال يطيقون فال تأكلوا ذبيحته وال تقبلوا شهادته وال تصلوا وراءه وال تعطوه من الزكاة شيئا. Then he asws said: My asws father Musa asws Bin Ja far asws narrated to me, from his asws father Ja far asws Bin Muhammad asws having said: One who claims that Allah azwj Compels His azwj servants upon the (acts of) disobedience or Encumbers (Burdens) them with what they cannot endure, then neither eat his slaughter (meat), nor accept his testimony, nor pray Salat behind him, nor give him anything from the Zakat ن: متيم القرشي عن أبيه عن أمحد بن علي االنصاري عن يزيد بن عمري ابن معاوية الشامي قال: دخلت على علي بن موسى الرضا عليه السالم مبرو فقلت له: يابن رسول اهلل روي لنا عن الصادق جعفر بن حممد عليه السالم أنه قال: ال جرب وال تفويض بل أمر بني أمرين فما معناه Tameem Al Qarshy, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Ali Al Ansary, from Yazeed Bin Umeyr Ibn Muawiya Al Shamy who said, I went to Ali asws Bin Musa Al-Reza asws at Merv and I said to him asws, O son asws of Rasool- Allah saww! It is reported to us from Al-Sadiq Ja far asws Bin Muhammad asws that he asws said: There is neither Compulsion nor delegation, but a matter between the two matters, so what is its meaning? فقال: من زعم أن اهلل يفعل أفعالنا مث يعذبنا عليها فقد قال باجلرب ومن زعم أن اهلل عزوجل فوض أمر اخللق والرزق إىل حججه عليهم السالم فقد قال بالتفويض فالقائل باجلرب كافر والقائل بالتفويض مشرك. He asws said: One who claims that Allah azwj Does our deeds, then He azwj would Punish us upon these, so he has said with the Compulsion, and one who claims that Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Delegated the Command of the creating and the sustenance to His azwj Divine Authorities asws, so he has spoken with the Delegation. So, the speaker with the Compulsion is a Kafir and the speaker with the delegation is a Mushrik. فقلت له: يابن رسول اهلل فما أمر بني أمرين فقال: وجود السبيل إىل إتيان ما امروا به وترك ما هنوا عنه. I said to him asws, O son asws of Rasool-Allah saww! So, what is a matter between the two matters? He asws said: Existence of the way to coming what he has been Commanded with, and leaving what he has been Prohibited from. فقلت له: فهل هلل عزوجل مشية وإرادة يف ذلك فقال: أما الطاعات فإرادة اهلل ومشيته فيها االمر هبا والرضا هلا واملعاونة عليها ; وإرادته ومشيته يف املعاصي النهي عنها والسخط هلا واخلذالن عليها. I said to him asws, So, it there a Desire for Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic and a Will regarding that? He asws said: As for the (acts of) obedience, so the Will of Allah azwj and His azwj Desire is in it, the Command with it, and the Pleasure for it, and the Assistance upon it. And, His azwj 17 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 17 Page 16 of 340

17 Will, and His azwj Desire regarding the (acts of) disobedience is the Prohibiting from it, and the Wrath for it, and the Abandoning upon it. قلت: فلله عزوجل فيها القضاء قال: نعم ما من فعل يفعله العباد من خري وشر إال وهلل فيه قضاء قلت: فما معىن هذا القضاء قال: احلكم عليهم مبا يستحقونه على أفعاهلم من الثواب والعقاب يف الدنيا واآلخرة. I said, So, for Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic regarding it is the Decision? He asws said: Yes. There is none from a deed the servant does, from good and evil, except and for Allah azwj there is a Decision in it. I said, So what is the meaning of this Decision? He asws said: The Judgment upon them with what they would be deserving upon their deeds, from the Rewards and the Punishments in the world and the Hereafter? ن: الدقاق عن حممد بن احلسن الطائي عن سهل بن زياد عن علي بن جعفر الكويف قال: مسعت سيدي علي بن حممد عليهما السالم يقول: حدثين أيب حممد بن علي عن أبيه الرضا علي بن موسى عن أبيه موسى بن جعفر عن أبيه جعفر بن حممد عن أبيه حممد بن علي عن أبيه علي بن احلسني عن أبيه عليهم السالم. Al Daqaq, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Taie, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Ja far Al Kufy who said, I heard my Master Ali asws Bin Muhammad asws saying: It was narrated to me asws by my asws father Muhammad asws Bin Ali asws, from his asws father Al-Reza Ali asws Bin Musa asws, from his asws father Musa asws Bin Ja far asws, from his asws father Ja far asws Bin Muhammad asws, from his asws father Muhammad asws Bin Ali asws, from his asws father Ali asws Bin Al-Husayn asws, from his asws father asws. وحدثنا حممد بن عمر احلافظ البغدادي عن إسحاق بن جعفر العلوي عن أبيه عن سليمان بن حممد القرشي عن إمساعيل بن أيب زياد عن جعفر بن حممد عن أبيه عن جده عن علي عليهم السالم. And it was narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Umar Al Hafiz Al Baghdady, from Is haq Bin Ja far Al Alawy, from his father, from Suleyman Bin Muhammad Al Qarshy, from Ismail Bin Abu Ziyad, From Ja far asws Bin Muhammad asws, from his asws father asws, from his asws grandfather asws, from Ali asws. وحدثنا أبو احلسني حممد بن إبراهيم بن إسحاق الفارسي الغرائمي عن أمحد بن حممد ابن رميح النسوي عن عبد العزيز بن إسحاق بن جعفر عن عبد الوهاب بن عيسى املروزي عن احلسن بن علي بن حممد البلوي عن حممد بن عبد اهلل بن جنيح عن أبيه عن جعفر بن حممد عن أبيه عن جده عن أبيه عليهم السالم. And it was narrated to me by Abu Al Hassan Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is haq Al Farsy Al Garaimy, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Ibn Rameeh Al Naswy, from Abdul Aziz Bin Is haq Bin Ja far, from Abdul Wahab Bin Isa Al Maruzy, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Muhammad Al Balwy, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Najeeh, from his father, 18 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 18 Page 17 of 340

18 From Ja far asws Bin Muhammad asws, from his asws father asws, from his asws grandfather asws, from his asws father asws. وحدثنا أمحد بن احلسن القطان عن السكري عن اجلوهري عن العباس بن بكار الضيب عن أيب بكر اهلذيل عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس قالوا: And it was narrated to us by Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Al Qatan, from Al Sakry, from Al Jowhary, from Al Abbas Bin Bakar Al Zaby, from Abu Bakr Al Hazly, from Ikrama, from Ibn Abbas, they said, ملا انصرف أمري املؤمنني علي بن أيب طالب عليه السالم من صفني قام إليه شيخ ممن شهد الوقعة معه فقال يا أمري املؤمنني أخربنا عن مسرينا هذا أبقضاء من اهلل وقدر When Amir Al-Momineen Ali asws Bin Abu Talib asws left from (the battle of) Siffeen, there stood up to him asws an old man from the one who had witnessed the event with him, and he said, O Amir Al-Momineen asws! Inform us about this journey of ours, is it by an Ordainment from Allah azwj and Pre-determination? وقال الرضا يف روايته عن أبائه عن احلسني بن علي عليهم السالم: فقال: أخربنا عن خروجنا إىل أهل الشام أبقضاء من اهلل وقدر دخل رجل من أهل العراق على أمري املؤمنني عليه السالم And Al-Reza asws said in his asws reporting from his asws forefathers asws, from Al-Husayn asws Bin Ali asws : A man from the people of Iraq came to Amir Al-Momineen asws and he said, Inform us about our going out to the people of Syria, it is by an Ordainment from Allah azwj and Predetermined? فقال له أمري املؤمنني عليه السالم: أجل يا شيخ فواهلل ما علومت تلعة وال هبطتم بطن واد إال بقضاء من اهلل وقدر. So, Amir Al-Momineen asws said to him: Yes, O Sheykh! By Allah azwj, you did not ascend a hill nor descend in the bottom of a valley, except by an Ordainment from Allah azwj and Predetermination. فقال الشيخ عند اهلل أحتسب عنائي يا أمري املؤمنني فقال: مهال يا شيخ لعلك تظن قضاءا حتما وقدرا الزما لو كان كذلك لبطل الثواب والعقاب واالمر والنهي والزجر ولسقط معىن الوعد والوعيد The sheykh said, Is there in the Presence of Allah azwj an account of my troubles, O Amir Al- Momineen asws? He asws said: Shh, no, O sheykh! Perhaps you think that the Ordainment of Allah azwj is inevitable, and a Pre-determination is definite. Had it been like that, it would invalidate the Reward and the Punishment, and the Command and the Prohibition and the Rebuke, and it would drop the meaning of the Promise, and the Appointment. ومل تكن على مسئ الئمة وال حملسن حممدة ولكان احملسن أوىل بالالئمة من املذنب واملذنب أوىل باالحسان من احملسن تلك مقالة عبدة االوثان و خصماء الرمحن وقدرية هذه االمة وجموسها Page 18 of 340

19 And there would not happen to be a blame upon a sin nor a praise upon a good deed, but the good doer would be foremost with the blame than the sinner, and the sinner foremost with the good deed than the good doer. These are the words of the idol worshippers and disputers to the Beneficent, and the Qadiriites (Fatalists) and Magians of this community. يا شيخ إن اهلل عزوجل كلف ختيريا وهنى حتذيرا وأعطى على القليل كثريا ومل يعص مغلوبا ومل يطع مكرها ومل خيلق السماوات واالرض وما بينهما باطال ذلك ظن الذين كفروا فويل للذين كفروا من النار O Sheykh! Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Assigned choice, and Prohibited caution, and Gives a lot upon the little, and the one overcome would not disobey, and would not obey unwillingly, and He azwj did not Create the skies and the earth and whatever is between the two in vain. That is a conjecture of those who are committing Kufr. So, doom from the Fire would be for those who are committing Kufr. قال: فنهض الشيخ وهو يقول :أنت االمام الذى نرجو بطاعته * يوم النجاة من الرمحن غفرانا أوضحت من ديننا ما كان ملتبسا * جزاك ربك عنا فيه إحسانا فليس معذرة يف فعل فاحشة * He (the narrator), The sheykh got up and he was saying (in prose), You asws are the Imam asws who we hope with obeying him asws, for salvation on a Day from the Beneficent with Forgiveness, clarifying from our Religion what was confusing. May your asws Lord azwj Recompense you asws excellently on our behalf regarding it, therefore there is no excuse in perpetrating immoralities. قد كنت راكبها فسقا وعصيانا ال ال وال قابال ناهيه أوقعه * فيها عبدت إذا يا قوم شيطانا وال أحب وال شاء الفسوق وال * قتل الويل له ظلما وعدوانا أىن حيب وقد صحت عزميته * ذو العرش أعلن ذاك اهلل إعالنا I used to indulge in mischief and (acts of) disobedience. No, No, and I did not accept His azwj Prohibitions or take with it, worshipping Satan la while being in this, O people, and I neither loved nor desired the mischief, nor killed the Guardian of His azwj unjustly, out of hatred. I loved for His azwj Determination to be stronger? The One azwj with the Throne. Allah azwj Proclaimed that with a Proclamation. مل يذكر حممد بن عمر احلافظ يف آخر هذا احلديث من الشعر إال بيتني من أوله. (Majlisi said), Muhammad Bin Umar Al-Hafiz did not mention at the end of this Hadeeth, except two couplets from the poem from its beginning. يد: زاد ابن عباس يف حديثه: فقال الشيخ: يا أمري املؤمنني القضاء والقدر اللذان ساقانا وما هبطنا واديا وما علونا تلعة إال هبما فقال أمري املؤمنني عليه السالم: االمر من اهلل واحلكم مث تال هذه اآلية: " وقضى ربك أال تعبدوا إال إياه وبالوالدين إحسانا." " ص " 390 Ibn Abbas added in his Hadeeth The sheykh said, O Amir Al-Momineen asws! The Ordainment and the Pre-determination, are these two ushering us? And we did not descend Page 19 of 340

20 a valley and did not ascend a hill except by these two? So, Amir Al-Momineen asws said: The Command from Allah azwj and the Decision. Then he asws recited the Verse: And your Lord has Decreed that you shall not worship except Him, and goodness with the parents [17:23] يد ن: ابن مسرور عن ابن عامر عن معلى بن حممد البصري عن الوشاء عن أيب احلسن الرضا عليه السالم قال: سألته فقلت: اهلل فوض االمر إىل العباد قال: اهلل أعز من ذلك. Ibn Masrour, from Ibn Aamir, from Moala Bin Muhammad Al Basry, from Al Washa, From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza asws, he (the narrator) said, I asked him asws saying, Did Allah azwj Delegate the Command to the servants? He asws said: He azwj is Mightier than that. قلت: فأجربهم على املعاصي قال: اهلل أعدل وأحكم من ذلك مث قال: قال اهلل عزوجل: يابن آدم أنا أوىل حبسناتك منك وأنت أوىل بسيئاتك مين عملت املعاصي بقويت اليت جعلتها فيك. I said, So, does He azwj Compel them upon the disobedience? He asws said: Allah azwj is more Just and more Decisive than that. Then he asws said: Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: O son of Adam as! I azwj am foremost with your good deeds than you are, and you are foremost with your sins than I azwj am. You perpetrated the (acts of) disobedience by My azwj Strength which I azwj Made to be in you!. 20 يد ن: الطالقاين عن أمحد بن علي االنصاري عن اهلروي قال: مسعت أبا احلسن علي بن موسى بن جعفر عليهم السالم يقول: من قال باجلرب فال تعطوه من الزكاة وال تقبلوا هلم شهادة إن اهلل تبارك وتعاىل ال يكلف نفسا إال وسعها وال - 21 حيملها فوق طاقتها وال تكسب كل نفس إال عليها وال تزر وازرة وزر أخرى. Al Talaqany, from Ahmad Bin Ali Al Ansary, from Al Harwy who said, I heard Abu Al-Hassan Ali asws Bin Musa asws Bin Ja far asws saying: One who speaks with the Compulsion (of Allah azwj ), then do not give him from the Zakat, nor accept testimonies for (from) them. Allah azwj Blessed and Exalted does not Encumber a soul except to its capacity. [2:286], nor does He azwj Load it above its strength, And no soul earns except against it, nor will it bear the burden of another [6:164]. 21 يد ن: أيب عن سعد عن الربقي عن أبيه عن اجلعفري عن أيب احلسن الرضا عليه السالم قال: ذكر عنده اجلرب والتفويض فقال: أال أعطيكم يف هذا أصال ال ختتلفون فيه وال خياصمكم عليه أحد إال كسرمتوه قلنا: إن رأيت ذلك ; - 22 My father, from Sa ad, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Al Ja fary, From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza asws having said: The Compulsion and the Delegation was mentioned in his asws presence, so he asws said: Shall I asws give you a basis regarding this, no 19 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 21 Page 20 of 340

21 one would be differing in it nor disputing upon it except you would break him (his argument)? We said, If you asws see that as proper. عليه فقال: إن اهلل عزوجل مل يطع بإكراه ومل يعص بغلبة ومل يهمل العباد يف ملكه هو املالك ملا ملكهم والقادر على ما أقدرهم So, he asws said: Allah azwj is not obeyed by His azwj Coercion and is not disobeyed by Predominance, and does not Load the servants regarding His azwj Kingdom, and He azwj is the Owner of what He azwj Made them own, and the Able upon what He azwj Made them to be able upon. فإن ائتمر العباد بطاعته مل يكن اهلل عنها صادا وال منها مانعا وإن ائتمروا مبعصيته فشاء أن حيول بينهم وبني ذلك فعل وإن مل حيل وفعلوه فليس هو الذي أدخلهم فيه Thus, if the servants deliberate with obeying Him azwj, Allah azwj would not become a Hinderer from it, nor Forbid it with a forbiddance; and if they deliberate with disobeying Him azwj, so if He azwj so Desires He azwj would be a Barrier between them and that deed; and if He azwj is not a Barrier and they do it, then He azwj isn t the One Who Entered them into it. مث قال عليه السالم: من يضبط حدود هذا الكالم فقد خصم من خالفه. Then he asws said: One who grasps the limits of this speech, so he would defeat the one who opposes him يد مع: حدثنا أبو احلسن حمتمل بن سعيد السمرقندي الفقيه بأرض بلخ قال: حدثنا أبو أمحد حممد بن أمحد بن الزاهد السمرقندي بإسناد رفعه إىل الصادق عليه السالم أنه سأله رجل فقال له: إن أساس الدين التوحيد والعدل وعلمه كثري البد لعاقل منه فاذكر ما يسهل الوقوف عليه ويتهيأ حفظه. It was narrated to us by Abu Al Hassan Mohtamal Bin Saeed Al Samarqandy, the jurist in the land of Balkh, from Abu Ahmad Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Al Zahid Al Samarqandy, by a chain, Raising it to Al-Sadiq asws, a man asked him asws, saying to him, The basis of the Religion is the Tawheed and the Justice, and its knowledge is a lot, there is no escape from it for the intellectual, therefore mentioned what is easy to pause upon and possible to memorise it. فقال: أما التوحيد فأن ال جتوز على ربك ما جاز عليك وأما العدل فأن ال تنسب إىل خالقك ما المك عليه. So, he asws said: As for the Tawheed, it is not allowed upon your Lord azwj what is allowed upon you, and as for the Justice, so you should not attribute to your Creator what He azwj has Blamed you upon Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 23 Page 21 of 340

22 - 24 فس: قوله: " وقارون وفرعون وهامان ولقد جاءهم " إىل قوله: " سابقني " فهذا رد على اجملربة الذين زعموا أن االفعال هلل عزوجل وال صنع هلم فيها وال اكتساب فرد اهلل عليهم فقال: فكال أخذنا بذنبه ومل يقل: بفعلنا النه عزوجل أعدل من أن يعذب العبد على فعله الذي جيربه عليه. His azwj Words: And Qaroun and Pharaoh and Haman. And Musa had come to them with the clear proofs, but they were arrogant in the land, yet they could not outstrip Us [29:39], so this is a rebuttal upon the believers in Compulsion, those who are claiming that the deeds are to Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic, and there is no participation for them in these nor any amassing, so, Allah azwj Rebutted upon them Saying: So We Seized each due to his sin. [29:40], and did not Say: Due to Our Deeds, because He azwj, Mighty and Majestic is more Just than to Punish the servants upon His azwj Deeds, which He azwj had Compelled them upon. 24 (P.s. This is not a Hadeeth) فس: حممد بن أيب عبد اهلل عن موسى بن عمران عن النوفلي عن السكوين قال: قال أبو عبد اهلل عليه السالم: وجدت الهل القدر أمساءا يف كتاب اهلل: " إن اجملرمني يف ضالل وسعر يوم يسحبون يف النار على وجوههم ذوقوا مس سقر إنا - 25 كل شئ خلقناه بقدر " فهم اجملرمون. Muhammad Bin Abu Abdulla, from Musa Bin Imran, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Saknuy who said, Abu Abdullah asws said: I asws found names for the people of Pre-determination, in the Book of Allah azwj : Surely, the criminals are in straying and frenzy [54:47] On the Day they would come to be in the Fire upon their faces: Taste the touch of Saqar (Inferno of Hell)! [54:48] Surely, We Created all things in a Pre-determined measure [54:49]. They are the criminals ج: عن أيب محزة الثمايل أنه قال: قال أبو جعفر عليه السالم للحسن البصري: إياك أن تقول بالتفويض فإن اهلل عزوجل مل يفوض االمر إىل خلقه وهنا منه وضعفا وال أجربهم على معاصيه ظلما. From Abu Hamza Al Sumaly having said, Abu Ja far asws said to Al-Hassan Al-Basry: Beware of speaking with the Delegation, for Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic did not Delegate the Command to His azwj creatures, and is Enfeebled from it and weak, nor does He azwj Compel them upon disobeying Him azwj, being unjust يد: الدقاق عن االسدي عن خنيس بن حممد عن حممد بن حيىي اخلزاز عن املفضل عن أىب عبد اهلل عليه السالم قال: ال جرب وال تفويض ولكن أمر بني أمرين Al Daqaq, from Al Asady, from Khunays Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Khazaz, from al Mufazzal, 24 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 26 Page 22 of 340

23 From Abu Abdullah asws having said: There is neither Compulsion nor Delegation, but a matter between the two matters. قال: قلت: ما أمر بني أمرين قال: مثل ذلك مثل رجل رأيته على معصية فنهيته فلم ينته فرتكته ففعل تلك املعصية فليس حيث مل يقبل منك فرتكته كنت أنت الذي أمرته باملعصيته. He (the narrator) said, I said, What is a matter between the two matters? He asws said: An example of that is an example of a man you see him to be upon (an act of) disobedience, so you prohibit him, but he does not end it, so you leave him to do that (act of) disobedience. Thus, it isn t where he did not accept from you and you left him, that you were the one who instructed him with the (act of) disobedience عد: اعتقادنا يف اجلرب والتفويض قول الصادق عليه السالم: ال جرب وال تفويض " (Majlisi said), Our belief regarding the Compulsion and the Delegation is the word of Al- Sadiq asws : There is neither Compulsion nor delegation ج: عن هشام بن احلكم قال: سأل الزنديق أبا عبد اهلل عليه السالم فقال: أخربين عن اهلل عزوجل كيف مل خيلق اخللق كلهم مطيعني موحدين وكان على ذلك قادرا From Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said, An atheist asked Abu Abdullah asws and he said, Inform me about Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic, how come He azwj did not Create the people, all of them as obedient, Unitarians, although He azwj was Able upon that? قال عليه السالم: لو خلقهم مطيعني مل يكن هلم ثواب الن الطاعة إذا ما كانت فعلهم مل تكن جنة وال نار He asws said: If He azwj had Created them obedient, there would not have happened to be any Rewards for them, because the obedience, when it was not their doing, neither would the Paradise have existed, nor the Fire. ولكن خلق خلقه فأمرهم بطاعته وهناهم عن معصيته واحتج عليهم برسله وقطع عذرهم بكتبه ليكونوا هم الذين يطيعون ويعصون ويستوجبون بطاعتهم له الثواب ومبعصيتهم إياه العقاب. But, He azwj Created His azwj creatures and Obligated the Rewards due to their obedience to Him azwj, and Forbade them from disobeying Him azwj, and Argued upon them with His azwj Rasools as, and Cut-off their excuses by His azwj Book, so it would happen that they are those who are obeying and disobeying, and being Obligated the Rewards due to their obedience to Him azwj, and the Punishment due to their disobedience to Him azwj. 27 Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H Bihar Al Anwaar V 5, The book of Justice, Ch 1 H 28 Page 23 of 340