SYLLABUS YEAR 6 Term One

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1 SYLLABUS YEAR 6 Term One Introduction to senior course. Revision of alphabet, including pronunciation and families of sounds; the development of a word from a root to a stem to a word with declension; writing; reading; and paradigms. The declensions of Rama, Sita, mitram (or jnanam) and nadi, showing an ability to apply the same endings to nouns which have similar declensions. The declensions of tat in masculine, feminine & neuter and an ability to apply similar endings to sarva, anya & eka. Rules and Principles of Sentence Analysis and Agreement. Agreement of subject and verb in number Agreement of adjective with noun. Basic Sanskrit word order (i.e. verb comes at the end). The use of iti after direct speech. Mah abh arata Stories 1 and 2 and Vocabulary. The conjugation of bhavati (present), bhavisyati (future) & abhavat (past), and an ability to apply the same endings to other verbs which conjugate in the same way. Term Two The declensions of Hari & Guru and the ability to apply similar endings to words which have similar declensions. Complementary sentences (yada/tada etc.) The use of the sixth case ending to show possession (e.g. Ramasya pustakam asti - Rama has a book). The use of samipe with the sixth case ending (e.g. Ramasya samipe). Question Words & Indefinites (kincit, kutrapi, kancana etc.) & Exercises The 22 Common prefixes Mah abh arata Stories 3-6 and Vocabulary. BG.11* The use of a 'tva-ending' gerund (e.g. gatva) & its change to ya (e.g. agatya) after a prefix. BG.13* The use of transliteration of the Sanskrit script. English to s"s;t sentences 1. Term Three The declensions of yusmad & asmad (Aham & Tvam) Declensions: Dhatr (+ pitr, svasr & matr), mati. Mah abh arata Stories 7-8 and Vocabulary. The use of past passive participles ending in ta (e.g. gata). The use of saha with the third case ending (e.g. Ramena saha). The conjugation of asti (the verb to be ) in the present & past. The conjugation of vardhate (present), vardhisyate (future) & avardhata (past) and an ability to apply the same endings to other verbs which conjugate in the same way. Conjugations: Karoti, in past, present & future. Test on Paradigms ending in vowels & Verbs covered so far

2 SYLLABUS YEAR 7 Term One Introduction to the Universal endings used for nouns ending with consonants. a Tmn\ r jn\ kmrn\ n mn \ Paradigms. Mah abh arata Story 9 mns\ & Sumanas Paradigm. English to Sanskrit Sheet 2 Passive Sentences & Exercises (incorporating revision of verbs, particularly vardhate, etc.). Alternative sentence constructions: active, passive,(+ bhave), including use of ta-ending, tva-ending words. The use of dadati and namati with the fourth case ending (e.g. Ramaya phalam dadati). Mah abh arata Story 10 Term Two Mah abh arata Stories 11 & 12 & Vocabulary. Review of Verbal forms learnt so far (Active verbs, Passive verbs, PPPs, Gerunds -Tva/Ya endings) =Imt\ & mht\ Paradigms. tvt\ - ending words & Exercise (Revision of Dhimat in 3 genders) aym\ & jnanin Paradigms Term Three The Imperative Mood & Exercise The use of imperatives (Polite and Direct) for verbs like bhavati. Mah abh arata Story 13 & Vocabulary. Revision of all Verbal Forms covered so far.

3 SYLLABUS YEAR 8 Term One Senior Course, Book 2 Bhagavad Gita slokas for IGCSE (to complete 2 or 3 in the term) Introduction to new Sandhi book: ivsgr: sin=:, the laws relating to words ending in s\ + Exercises. Introduction to sm s (compound words) Samasa system (compounds); 5 types with subdivisions and their application Term Two Quick review of Visarga sandhi Consonant sin=: + Exercises. Review of 5 types of samasa and introduction to: avyyi# v sm s : Declensions: Iyam, idam, ayam in 3 genders, suhrd, vak, jagat. (Quick overview for recognition) [hlnt Paradigm Examination.] Term Three Revise Consonant sin=: Summary Charts; Revise ivsgr: sin=: Practise examples. Vowel sin=: & exercises Mah abh arata Stories 14 & Vocabulary (in sandhi) Review 5 types and their application. ttpuóx sm s : + Exercises. English to Sanskrit Sentences - Sheet 3.

4 SYLLABUS - YEAR 9 Term One [Revise Sandhi & sm s :] bhuv/iih sm s : & Exercise tumuÿn\ (infinitive) + zknoit. Transliteration + Exercises Mahabharata Story 15, with Vocabulary [In Sandhi] Revision of sin=: p.76 + Laws of Disjunction p.79 ènè sm s : Optative ( ivi= il$\) + Exercise Mahabharata Stories with Vocabulary [In Sandhi] [sm s (Compound Words) Examination.] Term Two Revision of Sandhi. Turning Stories into and out of sin=:. English to Sanskrit Sentences Pronouns, (Quick revision of dm\ etc. & svrn mn\ substitutes). Declensions: Iyam, idam, ayam in 3 genders, & substitutes for asmad/yusmad (i.e. te, vam, vas etc.). Introduction to Hitopadesza Set Texts Hitopadesa Selection 1 (Set Text - Sage & Mouse). [Pronoun (Sarvan aman) Examination.] Present Participles & Exercise.. Locative Absolute + Exercise. Present Participles, including locative absolute (sati saptami) Term Three ;Ty (kartavya, etc) Review of ;dnt & Mixed Exercises. Construction & use of all krit ending words. English to Sanskrit Sentences Hitopadesza Selection 2 (The Ass in the Tiger Skin)

5 SYLLABUS - YEAR 10 Term One (IGCSE Option B text book pages 1 to 63 inc.) Epic Civilization Course Chapters 1 and 2 - Principle terms known by heart. Ability to explain issues. a~y s (doubling) & ilq\ The Perfect Tense Survey of the past tense Sanskrit to English translation Hitopadesza (Rabbit & Lion, Crows & Serpent) Survey of verbs Development of = tu (Root words) Charts & Tests IGCSE Vocabularies 1 to 8 inclusive English to Sanskrit translation, including rules of sentence order and ability to convert English grammatical constructions into appropriate Sanskrit constructions (partly extension work) Term Two (IGCSE Option B text book pages 64 to 126 inc.) Epic Civilization Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 Development of = tu (Root words) Charts & Tests(continued) Hitopadesza (The Lion, the Mouse and the Cat, The Birds and the Apes) Sanskrit to English and English to Sanskrit translation (some extension) Hitopadesza (The Priest with the Goat and the Three Rogues) The Use of the Case Endings Indeclinable Words and their applications IGCSE Vocabularies 9 to 15 inclusive Term Three (IGCSE Option B text book pages 127 to 137 inc. and sandhi appendix) Revision of Sandhi (first part) Metre, Stress and notes on Zlok (verse form) Replacement of n\ to -\ & s\ with x\ etc. Verse Set Texts: 10 verses selected from the Bhagavadgita Epic Civilization last part of Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 IGCSE Vocabularies 16 to 19 inclusive

6 SYLLABUS - Year 11 Term One (IGCSE Option B text book pages 138 to 163 inc.) Completion of revision of sandhi Completion of Verse Set Texts: 15 verses selected from the Bhagavadgita IGCSE Vocabularies 20 to 25 inclusive Hitopadesza (The Priest and his Jar) Revision Vocabulary: Skt Eng 496 words ( including Eng Skt 201 words) Epic Civilization 5 chapters. Principle terms known by heart. Ability to explain terms and relate to issues discussed in text. Prose Set Texts: Hitopadesza: especially The Sage and the Mouse and The Ass in the Tigerskin Verse Set Texts: 25 verses selected from the Bhagavadgita Skills: Generally practising & further developing a. Fluent reading and writing of the Devanagari script. b. Recognition of stem words and case endings in texts incorporating sandhi. c. Recognition, within such texts, of different grammatical word constructions and their combined implications with respect to the overall meaning of sentences. d. Recognising the importance of context, in translation. e. Recitation of key scriptural verses (Gita) from memory; in addition being able to communicate the meaning.of such a verse in one s own words, possibly relating to experience. Mock Examination Papers Term Two Mock IGCSE Examination Revision (continued) Past Papers Sanskrit to English translation fluency English to Sanskrit translation Term Three Revision Past Papers CIE Option B (Extended) IGCSE Level Examination

7 SYLLABUS - YEAR 12 Linguistic Content Less commonly occurring forms of accidence and particularly complex or uncommon syntactical structures may be glossed. Candidates will be expected to be familiar with classical Sanskrit, employing the following linguistic forms and structures, and showing ability to recognise forms other than those specifically mentioned, but which follow the same pattern. (i) Accidence Declension of the nouns rama, mitram, sita, hari, guru, nadi, dhatrw, pitrw, matrw and svasvr, mati, dhenu, madhu, atman, rajan, karman, naman, manas, dhanus, jyotis, suh, vak, bhavat and sumanas, showing an ability to apply the same endings to nouns which have similar declensions. Declension, in all three genders where applicable, of the pronouns tat, etat, yad, kim, kimcit, kimcana, kimapi, sarva, anya, eka, yusmad, and asmad, and their substitutes te, vam, vah, etc. Declension of cardinals 1 to 10. Declension of adjectives which follow the pattern of any nouns learnt, as well as, in all three genders, of jnanin, dhimat and mahat, showing an ability to apply the same endings to nouns which have similar declensions. The formation and use in all genders of krtavat, kartavya, karan-iya, and karya, and an ability to produce similar forms. Conjugation of bhavati, bhavisyati, abhavat, labhate, lapsyate, alabhata, asti, asit, karoti, karisyati, akarot; the optative, imperative and perfect of all the aforementioned, showing an ability to apply the same endings to verbs which have similar conjugations. Formation and use of gerunds (e.g. gatva, agatya, etc.), the present participle (active and middle), the past passive participle, the infinitive, and the passive of all the aforementioned verbs, including the impersonal passive. The use of common prefixes with all the aforementioned. The formation of all verbs given in the DVL for the above verbal forms. Linguistic Content (ii) Syntax Agreement Standard patterns of case usage Word order The use of iti after direct speech Complementary sentences (yada / tada etc.) Locative absolute Active and passive constructions (iii) Other Topics Analysis and scansion of the sloka The use of standard transliteration Compounds Sandhi

8 SYLLABUS - YEAR 12 Suggested Texts (i) Sanskrit Texts 1) From the Hitopadesza: The Ass, the Dog, and the Thief, [pp.30-31]; The Elephant, the Hares and the Moon, [pp.35-36]; The Blue Jackal, [pp.36-37]; The Heron, the Fishes, and the Crab, [pp.41-42]. Edition: Lanman s Sanskrit Reader, Reprint ) From the R am ayan-a of Vaalmiki: Baalakaan- da Ch.1, vv. 1-6, 8, 9, 12-16; Aran-yakaan- da. Ch.44, vv. 1-3, 12-19; Ch.45, vv.1-7, 14-21, 36-40; Sundarakaan- da. Ch.30, vv. 2, 8, 11, 16, 18, 40-44; Ch.31, vv.2, 4, 5, 6, Edition: SZrimad Vaalmiki-R amaayan-a, Gita Press, Gorakhpur, Fifth Edition ) From the Bhagavad Git a: Ch.1, v. 1; Ch.2, vv. 7-17, 20, 24, 38, 47, 54-57, 62, 63; Ch.3, vv. 4-12; Ch.4, v. 7; Ch.18, vv. 54, 73. Edition: SZrimadbhagavadgit a (The Bhagavad Gitaa), transl. Swami Chidbhavananda, publ. Sri Ramakrishna Tapovanam : Tirupparaithurai, 2002 Suggested Texts (ii) Reading of Sanskrit Texts in Translation Passages from: 1. Shrimad Bhagavatam 2. Laws of Manu The passages selected are at the discretion of the teacher, as are the translations used. YEAR 12 SUMMER EXAMINATION SUMMARY PAPER 1-2 hours : Set Texts and Essays 60% PAPER / 2 hours: Unseen translation and Composition 40%

9 SYLLABUS - YEAR 13 Assessment Objectives - Language (Year 13 includes the requirements of Year 12.) Candidates should be able to: (A) Linguistic Knowledge with Understanding 1. show by translation an understanding of unprepared passages of Sanskrit, thereby showing their grasp of Sanskrit vocabulary, accidence and syntax; 2. demonstrate a full understanding of an unprepared passage of Sanskrit by answering in English (or, where appropriate, by quoting from the Sanskrit) questions set on the passage; also by showing a grasp of Sanskrit vocabulary, accidence and syntax; 3. translate into accurate and preferably stylish Sanskrit a piece of English prose; (B) Literary Knowledge with Understanding 1. (a) describe the content of character, thought, action, context; (b) select information from the text; (c) explain meanings and references; (d) explain, where appropriate, matters relating to the social, cultural, philosophical or historical context; (e) analyse and evaluate literary techniques, e.g. style, arrangement and selection of material, tone, metre (where appropriate); (f) make a reasoned personal response; 2. translate a portion of the text; and 3. with regard to all the Sanskrit literature encountered, whether in the original or in translation, to: (a) write short essays showing both a broad understanding of the prescribed texts and showing a wider reading and understanding of Sanskrit texts in translation as recommended; (b) make some reasoned personal response in Assessment Objective 3 (a) where appropriate; (C) Optional Assessment Objectives (one of the two to be chosen) 1. analyse, translate, explain and apply aphorisms and technical terms from the traditional system expounded by Panini and show a general understanding of the grammatical system; 2. or, translate extracts of English prose into accurate and preferably stylish Sanskrit, the English style being more sophisticated than in Assessment Objective A3. EXAMINATIONS: PAPER 1 Set Literature Texts (to be begun at the end of Year 12) A) From the Buddhacarita of Aszvaghoswa: Bk.3, vv , 54-62; Bk.12, vv ; Bk.14, vv Edition: Aszvaghoswa s Buddhacarita, E.H.Johnson, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, New enlarged edition reprinted 2004 B) From the Laws of Manu: Bk.1, vv. 1-9, 87-91; Bk.2, vv ; Bk.3, vv ; Bk.4, vv , ; Bk.5, vv ; Bk.7, vv , 18-20; Bk.12, vv Edition: Manusm rti, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi First Edition 1983 C) From the Upaniswads: IIsz a, vv. 1-8; Ka tha, vv. 1/2/18-20, 2/2/9-15; Munw daka, vv. 1/1/3-7; Brwhad aranwyaka, vv. 4/3/1-7; 4/3/14 (only first & last sentences); 4/3/32-33; 4/4/19, 20, 25. Edition: Eight Upaniswads, Vol I & II, transl. Sw ami Gambhir ananda, Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta. Brwhad aranwyaka Upaniswad, transl. Sw ami M adhav ananda, Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta

10 D) From the Bhagavad Gitaa: Ch.6, vv ; Ch.7, vv. 4-12; Ch 13, vv 27-33; Ch.14, vv. 5-9; Ch.16, vv. 1-5; Ch.18, vv Edition: SZrimadbhagavadgi t a (The Bhagavad Gitaa), transl. Swami Chidbhavananda, publ. Sri Ramakrishna Tapovanam : Tirupparaithurai, 2002 E) From SZanmkara Commentary to the Bhagavad Git a: Ch.2, vv.11, 12; Ch.6, vv. 34, 35; Ch.14, v. 5. Edition: SZanmkar acaarya on Bhagavad Gitaa, Motilal Banarsidass, Volume 2 of Works of SZanmkar acaarya PAPER 2 Sanskrit passages for translation and comprehension will be from the Mahábhárata or the Rámáyana, or from both. PAPER 3 (A) List of recommended reading in English translation, for essays: 1. The Geeta, translated by Shri Purohit Swami, Faber and Faber, London, Reprinted 1981 and subsequently 80 pages 2. The Ten Principal Upanishads, translated by Shri Purohit Swami and W. B.Yeats, Faber and Faber, London, Reprinted 1981 and subsequently 144 pages 3. The Mah abh arata: C.Rajagopalachari, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1987 and subsequently, selections: Chapters, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 24, 25, 29, 41, 49, 54, 55, 62, 64, 65, 73, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 102, 103, 104, 105, pages 4.Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000, pp.1-56 Bibliography: 1. R am ayan-a: C.Rajagopalachari, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan 477 pages 2. Buddhacarita, Trans. E.H.Johnston, Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi 1984, Part Two, English Translation 124 pages 3. Once the Buddha Was a Monkey, Arya SZ ura s J atakam al a, University of Chicago Press, Pages 4. Hitopadesza of N ar ayanwa, trans. A.N.D. Haksar, Penguin Classics, pages (B) Candidates are not recommended to attempt this section unless the Panini grammar sútras have been specifically taught in lessons. The Higher Level Prose Composition is recommended. A LEVEL EXAMINATION SUMMARY PAPER hours: Prescribed Texts (80) PAPER hours: Unprepared Translation, Unprepared Comprehension and Prose Composition (50) PAPER hours: (A) Short essays on the prescribed texts and based on recommended reading material (36) (B) either (i) Páninian grammar (ii) Higher level Prose Composition (34)

Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy (SIBA) Department of Buddhist Studies Diploma in Pali

1 Course overview Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy (SIBA) Department of Buddhist Studies Diploma in Pali Pali language is accepted today as one of the major eastern classical languages. Its firm