Knowledge Organiser. St Cuthbert Mayne School Year 7 Autumn Term. Christ is our Cornerstone Learning is our focus

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1 If you re not willing to learn no one can help you. If you re determined to learn no one can stop you. Anon Name Tutor Christ is our Cornerstone Learning is our focus St Cuthbert Mayne School Year 7 Autumn Term Knowledge Organiser

2 Introduction Instructions for completing your Home Learning This booklet provides you with all of the KNOWLEDGE that you will need to succeed in your learning this term. The minimum requirement from you is one full A4 page or 30 minutes per subject, every night. Your Home Learning will be checked every morning by your form tutors. Contents Page Art Computing Design and Technology Developmental Studies Drama English French Page Geography History Maths Music PE Religious Education Science Page Read Cover Remember Write The definition a couple of times The page The definition, think about it Write what you remember Login to your Knowledge Organisers Classroom Repeat Each step until you can write the definition correctly Home Learning Timetable Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Maths RE Technology Science English PE History Developmental Geography IT Studies Drama French Art Music

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6 Data Protection is a law designed to protect personal data stored on computers or in an organised paper filing system. Computer Misuse Act is designed to protect computer users against wilful attacks and theft of information. Offences under the act include hacking, unauthorised access to computer systems and purposefully spreading malicious and damaging software (malware), such as viruses. Extension Work: Virus and Malware - Cookies - Social Networking - Cyberbullying - Copyright Act - Copyright Act Copyright gives the creators of some types of media rights to control how they're used and distributed. Music, books, video and software can all be covered by copyright law. Data Protection - Computer Misuse - legal/1dataandcomputermisuserev1.shtml

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11 Developmental Studies Year 7: Local Issues - Who can we talk to? This is a independent investigation activity. Please complete the tasks below either electronically or on paper. Task 1 Identify three problems for young people that exist in Torbay. Useful websites: CBBC Newsround Kevin Foster MP Torbay Council English Riviera Vistor Information Task 2 Can you think about the ways that these problems can be solved? Task 3 Identify three people you can speak to about improving Torbay and how you would contact them. Task 4 Write a letter to your local MP outlining your worries and concerns and your suggested solutions.

12 Developmental Studies Year 7 - Puberty Puberty The reproductive system of a child is not mature and needs to change as a boy or girl develops into an adult, so that the system is fully working. These changes begin between the ages of ten and fifteen. The time when the changes happen is called puberty. The changes happen because of sex hormones produced by the testes in boys and by the ovaries in girls. Some changes happen in boys and girls, while others just happen in boys or girls. Here are some changes that happen to both boys and girls: underarm hair grows The time when the physical changes and emotional changes happen is called adolescence. Boys Here are some changes that happen only to boys: voice breaks (gets deeper) testes and penis get bigger testes start to produce sperm cells shoulders get wider hair grows on face and chest. Girls Here are some changes that happen only to girls: breasts develop ovaries start to release egg cells (periods start) hips get wider. pubic hair grows body smell gets stronger. emotional changes growth rate increases

13 Developmental Studies: Year 7 - Bullying What is Bullying? You don't have to be physically beaten up or hurt to be a victim of bullying. Teasing, being threatened and name calling can all be classed as forms of bullying. There are lots of reasons why people are bullied. Some people are picked on because of their religion or race, whilst others are chosen because of their weight, the clothes they wear or because they're clever - things that no-one should be ashamed of. Key Terms: Racist Bullying: Attacking someone due to their nationality / colour of their skin. Homophobic Bullying: Attacking someone due to their sexuality / perceived sexuality. Sexist Bullying: Attacking people due to their gender. Religious Bullying: Attacking someone due to their religion. Cyberbullying: Attacking someone online. GOV.UK suggests that bullying is defined as repeated behaviour that is: o intended to hurt someone either physically or emotionally What does Bullying look like? People calling you names Making things up to get you into trouble Hitting, pinching, biting, pushing and shoving Taking things away from you Damaging your belongings Stealing your money Taking your friends away from you Posting insulting messages on the internet or by IM Spreading rumours Threats and intimidation Making silent or abusive phone calls Sending you offensive phone texts Bullies can also frighten you so that you don't want to go to school, so that you pretend to be ill to avoid them o often aimed at certain groups e.g. because of race, religion, gender or sexual orientation. What can I do if I am being bullied? Tell a friend what is happening. Try to ignore the bullying or say 'No' really firmly. Try not to show that you are upset or angry. Try to avoid being alone in the places where you know the bully is likely to pick on you. Stick with a group, even if they are not your friends. Bullies tend to pick on people when they are on their own. Tell your parents or other adults. Don't suffer in silence. Tell your teacher, your Year tutor, head of PSHE, nurse, secretary or a member of staff you like. Take a friend with you

14 Key Words: Custodial Sentence: a sentence passed by the court that involves the accused having their freedom taken away by being put in prison. Justice: administering the law, fair and morally right. Law: a system of rules recognised by a country or society as the way in which people behave and sanctions that can be used. Non-custodial sentence: a sentence that does not involve going to prison e.g. a fine, community service. Police: an official state organisation responsible for preventing and solving crime. Restorative Justice: brings those affected by crime (victims) together with those responsible for the crime. Rule of law: this means the law applies to everyone, even politicians, judges, police and those who are wealthy. Sentencing: process of giving a punishment to a person found guilty of a crime. Verdict: the decision made by a magistrate or a jury as to whether the accused is innocent or guilty. The Legislature = Parliament Decides on the law and Acts of Parliament (new laws/changes to laws) The Law & Young Offenders: Those 17 and under are classified as young offenders - dealt with by the youth justice system. Imprisonment for youth offenders is a last resort: 1. Children below the age of ten are NOT considered to be criminally responsible for their actions and cannot be charged. 2. Children aged ten to fourteen CAN be convicted of a criminal offence if it can be proved that they knew what they did was seriously wrong. 3. After the age of fourteen young people are considered to be fully responsible for their own actions. For a first minor offence young people are dealt with outside the court system. For second offences they are likely to receive police final warnings. Youth Courts: Developmental Studies Year 7 - Safety Youth courts are located inside Magistrates Courts. They are less formal in layout and proceedings than adult courts. They deal with most cases involving people under eighteen. Magistrates and district judges in these courts can give a range of punishments e.g. detention, training orders, community sentences. Members of the public cannot attend Youth Courts. In very serious cases (murder, rape, robbery) young people will appear in a Crown Court. Case Study James Bulger February 1993 James Bulger, aged two, was abducted from a shopping centre and brutally murdered by Jon Venables and Robert Thompson both aged ten. November 1999 Venables and Thompson convicted and sentenced to at least eight years of secure Youth Accommodation. December 1999 The European Court of Human Rights decided the two did not receive a fair trial and the case was heard in an adult court. October 2000 Lord Chief Justice ruled Thompson and Venables could apply for parole. June 2001 Thompson and Venables freed on Life Licences freed but if they break conditions of their licence they return to prison to complete their sentence. March 2010 Venables returned to prison for breaking the terms of his licence.

15 1. Facial Expression 2. Body Language Physical Checklist Using your face to communicate emotions Using your body to communicate thoughts and feelings Drama Year 7 - New Beginnings Fill in the blanks with the words underneath 1) Wait the studio in an orderly line at the start of the lesson until you are called in. 2) Listen carefully to and make sure you say if you don t understand. I am always happy to or explain anything as many times as is needed. 3) Do not talk whilst people are. 3. Gesture Using your body, head or hands to express emotion/meaning 4. Eye Contact Looking at another person or the audience to communicate a message 5. Levels Positioning on stage to communicate status/meaning Vocal Checklist 4) If you have something to say, put your hand up. Do not out. 5) The signal to gain everyone s attention is to put my up; you should then copy me and wait silently. I may also use a when I get to 1 you should be facing me quietly. 6) Do not go behind the curtains, chairs or any other equipment which could cause an accident. Use your ; if it doesn t seem right, don t do it. 7) everyone in the class. Treat others as you would like to be treated. 8) Put 100% into all aspects of the lesson. performing circle outside respect shout instructions common sense repeat hand countdown effort 1. Volume Loud/quiet 2. Pitch High/low 3. Pace Speed, fast/slow 4. Pause A temporary stop 5. Tone Pitch, strength, quality of voice Still Image/ Freeze Frame Narration Performance Skills A moment of action frozen in time, like a photograph. An actor describing what is happening/telling the story Challenge Tasks Write your own poem about your time at St Cuthbert Mayne so far Create a poster including the Drama Lesson expectations

16 illucinations Script Key Words Ernie s made up word for the strange things that take place within the play. Are they magic or is he imagining they are happening? A story written in acts and scenes which is intended to be performed to an audience. Character names are beside their lines and stage directions are in italics. Still Image DRAMA Year 7 Ernie s Incredible Illucinations Performance Skills A moment of action frozen in time, like a photograph. Props Unison Items that are used by the actors to make a scene more realistic. Speaking/moving at the same time as other people. Improvisation Thinking of ideas on the spot/ continuing a performance even if something does not go as planned. Rhyming Couplet Two lines that rhyme and have the same meaning. Hot-Seating When you answer questions in character and you are sitting in the hot-seat. Challenge Tasks Write your own chant in support of Auntie May or Kid Saracen including rhyming couplets Write an extra scripted scene that could be added into Ernie s Incredible Illucinations Role Play Thought Tracking Acting and movement to communicate with the audience. When an actor speaks their inner thoughts and feelings on stage, all other actors are frozen on stage.

17 What is a short story? KS3, Unit 1 - Year 7: Reading Short Stories A prose narrative which often deals with a single incident or event. It will share many features with a novel, such as characters and themes but is much shorter and can usually be read in less than half an hour. They are often published in magazines or collected into an anthology with other short stories. Plot Setting Characters Features of stories What happens in the story. Also called the narrative. Where the story takes place. The people in the story. Narrative Perspective 1 st person Told from the perspective of the speaker/narrator. Uses the pronouns I, My, we, our etc. 2 nd person Speaks directly to the reader, suggesting that they are someohow involved in the story. Uses the pronouns you, your, our etc. 3 rd person Told from the perspective of a narrator who can see everything that happens and knows what characters are feeling and thinking. Uses pronouns such as he, she, they etc. Structure Terminology Language Terminology Sentence length Paragraphing Flashback Narrative structure/ order Repetition Narrator How long or short a sentence is and the number of clauses it contains can change the effect that it has. For example short sentences are often used to create tension whereas longer sentences can have a gentle, soothing effect. Just like sentences, the length and structure of paragraphs can create different effects. Looking back on a memory or event that happened long before the main story takes place. Choosing where to start a story can change the meaning or tone. S9ometimes writers choose to start at the end or in the middle to create confusion or mystery. Sometimes they follow a simple 5 part structure in that order. Using a word, phrase or idea more than once to draw attention to it. The person who tells the story (see narrative perspective). Noun Adjective Verb Adverb Metaphor Simile Personificat ion Alliteration A word for an object, person, place or thing. A word that modifies a noun. Word that denotes an action or state of being. A word that modifies a verb. Describing something by saying that it is something else. (e.g. That boy is a monster or the great cavern of a mouth opened. Describing something by comparing it to something else, using the words like or as. Making an object or thing perform an action usually associated with humans. (e.g. The sun smiled down on them or The leaves were dancing ) A series of words that begin with the same sound used next to or near each other. (e.g. The hummingbirds hovered in heavenly harmony.)

18 Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Denouement KS3, Unit 1 - Year 7: Narrative Writing 5 part Narrative Structure What is narrative writing? Narrative is really just another word for story. So narrative writing just means writing stories. Also known as the introduction. This is where the story begins, usually with everyone being happy and everything being normal. This is when things start to happen. Often a problem is introduced that the characters will have to solve. This is the most exciting part of the story where everything is chaos. This is where the characters are fixing the problem that they had to deal with, often working together. This is the part of the story where everything returns to normal and happiness is restored. Creating Characters You can create characters by: Describing their appearance and actions. Giving them dialogue Showing what other characters think of them. Showing Vs. Telling Showing is Using description, action and dialogue to help the reader experience what is happening in the story. Describing Setting You can create setting through descriptive devices such as: Adjectives Metaphors and similes Interesting noun choices. Imagery. Telling is Paragraphing - TiPToP Summarizing what is happening for your reader using factual language. This can be boring in narrative and is better suited to non-fiction. When should I start a new paragraph? Rules of Direct Speech 1. Speech marks ( ) are use to show what is spoken aloud by a character. E.g. Hello. How are you? said Billy. 2. You start the speech marks before the first word spoken. E.g. He walked at and said, Good to see you. 3. You close the speech marks after the last word they speak not at the end of each sentence. E.g. Would you like something to drink? Dan asked. 4. When someone new speaks you must start a new line. E.g. Thank you. Do you have any cola? Billy requested. Of course, Dan answered. 5. The first word of a new piece of speech must have a capital letter. E.g. Billy smiled and said, Perfect! 6. The same rules of punctuation must be used in speech such as commas and question marks. E.g. Do you want ice? he continued. 7. You must always use punctuation to separate what is being spoken and the rest of the writing. E.g. No ice thank you, Billy concluded. Time Place Topic Person If the time changes, you should start a new paragraph. So for example if you have used one of these words or phrases ( later, the next day, in December, At 2 O clock ) it s probably time to start a new paragraph. If the place you are describing changes or your characters move location, start a new paragraph. Use words such as nearby, in the distance etc. When you need to talk about a new topic or subject, you should start a new paragraph. So, if you re describing a character and you ve described their appearance but now you want to talk about their family, this might be a good place to start a new paragraph. If you re describing one person and you want to talk about another, you should start a new paragraph. In the same way, when you are writing direct speech, you should start a new paragraph (new line) each time the speaker changes.

19 Tested in your skills lesson between 18/09/ 17-29/09/ 17 02/10/ 17-13/10/ 17 Spellings 16/10/ 17-03/11/ 17 06/11/ 17-17/11/ 17 20/11/ 17-01/12/ 17 04/12/ 17-15/12/ 17 Rule Plurals Y endings. Words that end in a vowel +y just add s. If it ends with a consonant + y, you remove the s and add ies Plurals O endings Simply add an s to almost all words that end in O but there are some exceptions where you must add es. Plurals F and Fe endings Remove the f or fe and add ves. Beware thee are some exceptions (6-10) which you will just have to learn. Irregular plurals Some words don t obey any of the rules for plurals so you just have to learn them. Prefixes Prefixes are placed at the start of a word to make a new word. They change the meaning but they never change the spelling. Suffixes - words ending in e. If the root word ends in e and the first letter of the suffix is a vowel, then remove the e (1-3) If the root word ends in e and the first letter of the suffix is a consonant, then keep the e (4-7) Exceptions (8-10) Spellings that link to the rule 1. Birthdays 2. Jockeys 3. Boys 4. Flies 5. Allergies 6. Cities 7. Berries 8. Celebrities 9. Ladies 10. Parties 1. Rhinos 2. Photos 3. Shampoos 4. Radios 5. Zoos 6. Kangaroos 7. Potatoes 8. Tomatoes 9. Heroes 10. Echoes 1. Loaves 2. Shelves 3. Knives 4. Wolves 5. Thieves 6. Chiefs 7. Beliefs 8. Roofs 9. Cliffs 10. chefs 1. Men 2. Children 3. Teeth 4. Women 5. Feet 6. Mice 7. Sheep 8. Deer 9. Fish 10. people 1. Unlucky 2. Defrost 3. Reheat 4. Disobey 5. Illegal 6. Impertinent 7. Misuse 8. Dissimilar 9. Overreact 10. Unpopular 1. Achievable 2. Reversible 3. Carer 4. Lovely 5. Careless 6. Hopeful 7. Achievement 8. Horribly 9. Argument 10. Truly Commonly misspelt words for you to learn this week 1. accommodate 2. accompany 3. according 4. achieve 5. aggressive 6. amateur 7. ancient 8. apparent 9. appreciate 10. agriculture 1. attached 2. available 3. average 4. awkward 5. bargain 6. bruise 7. category 8. cemetery 9. committee 10. communicate 1. community 2. competition 3. conscience 4. conscious 5. controversy 6. convenience 7. correspond 8. criticise 9. curiosity 10. definite 1. desperate 2. determined 3. develop 4. dictionary 5. disastrous 6. embarrass 7. environment 8. equipment 9. especially 10. exaggerate 1. excellent 2. existence 3. explanation 4. familiar 5. foreign 6. forty 7. frequently 8. government 9. guarantee 10. harass 1. hindrance 2. identity 3. immediate 4. individual 5. interfere 6. interrupt 7. language 8. leisure 9. lightning 10. marvellous

20 French Module 1: Mon autoportrait. Numbers: 1 un 2 deux 3 trois 4 quatre 5 cinq 6 six 7 sept 8 huit 9 neuf 10 dix 11 onze 12 douze 13 treize 14 quatorze 15 quinze 16 seize 17 dix-sept 18 dix-huit 19 dix-neuf 20 vingt 21 vingt-et-un 22 vingt-deux 30 trente 40 quarante 41 quarant et un 50 cinquante Days: lundi mardi mercredi jeudi vendredi samedi dimanche Months: janvier février mars avril mai juin juillet août septembre octobre novembre décembre Pronouns: Je I Tu you Il he Elle she On one Nous we Vous you (plural) Ils they Elles they et mais aussi très assez Toujours and but also very quite always Extra Reading Unit 1: talking about likes and dislikes. Aimer J aime to like I like Unit 2: talking about what you have in your survival kit. Avoir J ai to have I have Unit 3: describing yourself. Être Je suis to be I am Unit 4: describing others Avoir J ai Il a Elle a Être Je suis Il est Elle est to have I have he has she has to be I am he is she is

21 Year 7 Geography Knowledge Organiser 1: Me and My World Map Skills What is Geography? Physical Geography: Maps can help us to find a place, or they provide information about a place. People who study geography are called geographers. Geographers are interested in Earth's physical features, such as mountains, deserts, rivers, and oceans. They are also interested in the ways that people affect and are affected by the natural world. The study of Geography is split into: Physical Human Environmental This focuses on the study of the natural features of the word such as rivers, coasts, mountains, ecosystems, the weather and climate. Human Geography: This focuses on the study of human interaction with the environment, its cultural, social and economic aspects. Environmental Geography: This focuses on the interactions between Physical and Human Geography. They show places from above and show things much smaller than in real life There are many types of maps. You need to know how to use an OS Map. Research task: How many different types of map can you find? What do these look like? What do they show? How are they Maps and symbols The continents and oceans of the world. Make sure you are able to label and name these. Latitude and longitude Lines of latitude and longitude are used to locate places accurately on the Earth's surface. Lines of latitude circle the Earth in an east-west direction. They are parallel. Lines of longitude run from the top of the Earth to the bottom. They are not parallel as lines of latitude are they meet at a point at the north and south poles and are called meridians. They divide the Earth into segments, like an orange. The index of an atlas gives shows where places can be found, eg Birmingham, UK - 52 north 1 west. This means that Birmingham is located at approximately latitude 52 north and longitude 1 west. Study the diagram below: A map is a two-dimensional drawing of an area. Maps help us to understand what places are like and how to plot routes. Maps should have a: Title, scale, north arrow, and a key Symbols help us to include lots of detail on maps that are drawn to scale. They include simple images, colours, letters and abbreviations. Here are some examples: Research task: Can you find more examples of the different types of map symbol? The world has seven continents and five oceans. Europe is a continent. It is an area on the Earth that contains many different countries, including the UK. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is made up of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The countries are divided further into regions. Counties are smaller areas. For example the counties of Dorset, Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Devon and Cornwall are all part of the South West region.

22 Year 7 Geography Knowledge Organiser 2: Map Skills Grid references A grid of squares helps the map-reader to locate a place. The horizontal lines crossing the map from one side to the other are called northings. They are numbered the numbers increase to the north. The vertical lines crossing the map from top to bottom are called eastings as the numbers increase in an easterly direction. Google and visit the Mapzone website to practice your Map skills Things to remember: On an OS map each grid square is 1 km x 1 km or 1 sq. km. When you give a grid reference, always give the easting first... "Along the corridor and up the stairs". Four-figure grid references can be used to pinpoint a location to within a square measuring 1 sq. km. To find the number of the square: Start at the left-hand side of the map and go east until you get to the easting crossing through the bottom-left-hand corner of the square you want. Write this number down. Move north until you get to the northing crossing the bottom-left-hand corner of the square you want. Look at the number of this grid line and add it to the two-digit number you already have. This is your four-figure grid reference. In this case, the tourist information office is in grid square Sometimes it is necessary to be even more accurate. In this case you can imagine that each grid is divided into 100 tiny squares. The distance between one grid line and the next is divided into tenths. First, find the four-figure grid reference but leave a space after the first two digits. When you get to the easting at the lefthand side of the grid square you want, keep moving east and estimate or measure how many tenths across your symbol lies. Write this number after the first two digits. Next, move north from the bottom-left-hand corner of your grid square and estimate how many tenths your symbol is from this point. Put them together to create a six figure grid reference. In this instance, the tourist information office is located at Scale and distance Most maps have a scale. These help us to work out distances on maps. This is given by the scale statement (eg 1:25,000) and/or by showing a scale bar. The scale shows how much bigger the real world is than the map. If the scale is 1:50,000 it means that the map is 50,000 times smaller than the real world. For example, every 1 cm on the map represents 50,000 cm in the real world. Spot heights and triangulation pillars Height on maps This map extract shows exact heights by a black dot with a number next to it. The number is the height above sea level in metres. The blue triangle represents a triangulation pillar. Contours These are lines drawn on maps that join places of the same height. They are usually an orange or brown colour. Some contour lines have their height above or below sea level written on them. It is possible to use them to see the shape of the land if contour lines are close together the slope is steep, if they are far apart the slope is gentle. Contour lines are usually drawn at 10 metre intervals on a 1:50,000 scale map and at 5 metre intervals on a 1:25,000 scale map. Layer shading Maps are sometimes shaded to show the height of Direction Try to remember the main compass points by using a mnemonic, eg Naughty Elephants Squirt Water North East South West The four main points of the compass are north, east, south and west. Half way between each of these there are four other points: north-east, south-east, south-west and northwest. This makes an eight-point compass. There are a further eight points between these... remember the names of these are a mix of the two closest compass points but they always start with the main compass point, ie north, east, south or west. Ordnance Survey maps are always printed so that north is at the top of the map.

23 Asia - One of the seven continents Year 7 Geography Knowledge Organiser 3: China Physical features - The natural environment, including; coasts, rivers, and mountains. Megacity A city with a population greater than 10million Population The number of people living in an area. Population distribution - means the pattern of where Make an advert to encourage people to go to China. What attractions are there? Why should people visit China? STRETCH Tourism can have both a positive and negative impact on a place. What problems might be caused for the people of Standard of living The level of goods, services and comfort available to people One child policy A government law which restricted families to one baby Tourist - a person who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasure. Resources Things that people need such as water, food, housing Pollution Chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment Websites OFFICIAL NAME: People s Republic of China FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Communist state CAPITAL: Beijing (Peking) POPULATION: 1,393,783,836 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Chinese, Mandarin MONEY: Yuan (or Renminbi) AREA: 9,596,960 square kilometres MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES: Himalayas MAJOR RIVERS: Yangtze, Yellow China is about the same size as the continental USA but it only has one official time zone. Continental USA has four. A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice. Hydroelectric dam A dam is an area where water can be stored and used to generate electricity. Natural Increase Birth rate minus death rate of a population. Birth rate The number of live births a year per thousand of the population. Death rate The number of deaths in a year per thousand of the population. Densely populated Places which are densely populated contain many people. Sparsely populated - Places which are sparsely populated contain few people.

24 Anglo Saxons to The Battle of Hastings The Britons were the ancestors of the Welsh The Anglo Saxons were the ancestors of the English Key Ideas! The Anglo Saxons created England Christianity became the most important religion in England in the 6 th Century History Department Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Duke William of Normandy, Harald Hardrada and Harold Godwinson all thought they should be King of England in 1066 Most people were farmers most lived in the countryside The Anglo Saxon languages became English Normandy is now an area of France, but was a separate country in 1066 When William won at Hastings, Anglo Saxon England became Norman England the English became a conquered people Some people fought back against William s harsh rule like Hereward the Wake but most could not! Timeline Anglo Saxon England King Harold / King William I Around 400 AD, the Romans left Britain. Germanic groups such as the Angles, Saxons and Jutes begin attacking southern Britain. The Britons couldn t defend themselves easily. By 600 AD the Anglo Saxons had created the Heptarchy, a series of 7 Anglo Saxon mini-kingdoms. The Britons had lost control the last surviving area controlled by Britons was Wales (and briefly Cornwall). Christianity was introduced. Slowly the small Anglo Saxon kingdoms joined each other in 973 Edgar was crowned King of the English. England was born! Vikings attack England between the 8 th and 11 th centuries and even briefly rule! In January 1066, King Edward the Confessor dies, Harold Godwinson becomes the last Anglo Saxon King of England. Foreign rulers, including Harald Hardrada of Norway and Duke William of Normandy are angry. THEY wanted to be king! Duke William of Normandy invades England in William faces King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings on the 14 th October, and wins. William becomes King William I and the Norman period of rule begins. William consolidates his power using the feudal system, castles and new laws. William has the Domesday book written in King William dies in 1087

25 King William s Methods of Control William had to control an Anglo Saxon population they didn t want to be ruled by foreign Normans. So he introduced: 1. Castles. Over 100, to control the people, protect his men and show who was boss! 2. Feudal System. This system meant the king now owned all land. Land was important to EVERYBODY. To get some you had to obey those more important than you especially William. 3. Serious Punishments. anybody who rebelled against him would die! Laws. Normans were treated better by William s laws than Anglo Saxons. 5. Domesday Book. To know how much he could tax the people, he needed to know how much England was worth. A survey took place, and the results written down in what was called the Domesday Book. Key Words / Spellings Anglo Saxon Feudal Norman Domesday Book Castle Motte & Bailey Normandy Soldier Fyrd Feudal System Housecarl Baron Weapon Lord Armies Villeins Sword Christianity Spear Hierarchy HelmetKnight Heptarchy Siege Briton Battle of Hastings Britain Bayeux Tapestry Welsh Peasants Key People Harald Hardrada, King of Norway. A very powerful warlord, he thought he should be king in Harold Godwinson s army killed him at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in September William, Duke of Normandy, beat Harold at Hastings in October 1066 and became King of England until 1087 when he died. Sometimes known as William the Conqueror Harold Godwinson: last Anglo Saxon King of England killed 14 th October He had only ruled England for 9 months!

26 Key Maps! The Battle of Hastings

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30 P I A N O N O T E S

31 PHYSICAL EDUCATION YEAR 7 KS3 KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER - WARMING UP & COOLING DOWN

32 RE Year 7 Autumn Term: Community and Belonging Our school is named after St Cuthbert Mayne. He was martyred at Launceston, Cornwall in His last words were Father into thy hands He converted to Roman Catholicism during the reign of Elizabeth I and became a priest. He ministered to Roman Catholic families in the South West before being betrayed. He was arrested by Elizabet hi s agents. He had on him a letter from the pope, a missal, a chalice and an Agnus Dei. Cuthbert was put on trial, found guilty of high treason and sentence to be hanged, drawn and quartered. Before his execution he was given the opportunity to reject his Catholic faith, proclaim himself a Protestant and therefore live. He refused. Cuthbert Mayne was canonised by Pope Paul VI in Jesus mission. Jesus went to the synagogue in Nazareth on the Sabbath day. He read from the Scroll of the prophet Is aiah. The spirit of the Lord is on me, because He has anointed me to proclaim Good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisioners and recovery of sight to the blind, to set the oppressed free, to proclaim the year of the Lord s fa vour. Our school s mission statement starts by stating Christ is our cornerstone Learning is our focus. The Local Church Our school is a joint Roman Catholic and Anglican School. It is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth and the Anglican Diocese of Exeter. Our Roman Catholic Bishop is Bishop Mark O Toole. Our Anglican Bishops are Bishop of Exeter; Bishop Robert Atwell Bishop of Plymouth; Bishop Nick McKinnel Bishop of Crediton; Bishop Sarah Mullally. The Global Church The Roman Catholic Church. th Pope Francis is the 266 and current Pope, a title he holds as Bishop of Rome, and sovereign of the Vatican City. He chose Francis as his papal name in honour of St Francis of Assisi. Extention Research St Francis of Assisi. Anglican Church Community The Arch bishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England. The current archbishop Justin Welby. His enthronement took place in The head of the Church of England is the monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. Key Words Community A set of people who may be very different but work for a common purpose. Martyr A person who is illed k because of their religious or other beliefs. Saint A person acknowledged as holy and canonised by the Christian Church. Mission An important job to do. The Christian calling to go out into the world and spread its faith. Synagogue House of asse mbly. Jewish place of worship. Sabbath Day of rest dedicated to God. Saturday for Jews. Sunday for Christians. Ekklesia A Greek word meaning called out. A Church. Diocese An area under the care of a Bishop. Eucharist Thanksgiving. The ceremony in w hich bread and wine are consumed. Sacrament An outward sign of inward grace. The RC Church recognises 7 sacraments.

33 Church Buildings Roman Catholic and Anglican Church buildings share many features in common. Key features Baptism Baptism is a sacrament. The RC Church recognises 7 sacraments. Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Sacrament of the Sick, Holy Orders and Marriage. Many Anglicans recognise 2, Baptism and Eucharist as these are the ones ordained by Jesus. Item Altar Font Lectern Pulpit The Confessional Tabernacle The focus of attention in RC and Anglican Churches. It is where the priest offers the Eucharist as a symbol of Christ offering himself as a sacrifice to God on the cross. Basin used to baptise new members of the Church. Traditionally, placed near the door to symbolise entry into the Church. Where the readings take place. A stand often shaped like an eagle to symbolise God s word spread around the world. A raised platform where the priest gives the homily/sermon. A small room in which the sacrament of reconciliation may take place. Through this sacrament Catholics and some Anglicans believe they are reconciled (brought back together with God). A box/safe where the reserved sacrament of the Eucharist is kept. What is infant baptism? Baptism is a ceremony where a person joins the Church. In many Churches this is done to an infant (baby/toddler), as in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches. Baptism is thought of as the doorway into the church because it is the child s entrance into Christianity. What happens during an infant baptism? God is thanked. The child is welcomed into the Church. Water kept in a font (a large basin) and blessed to make it holy. Water from the font is poured over the child s head three times to represent the Trinity (God as Father, Son and Holy Spirit). The water symbolises being forgiven, washed clean of any wrong and a religious new life. Parents and godparents make promises on behalf of the child. They are expected to bring the child up as a Christian and attend church regularly. The child s name will be used in a public ceremony for the first time, which is why first names are sometimes known as Christian names. The priest will pray that the child will be protected by God and free from any evil influences. A candle may be lit to represent God s presence. The sign of the cross may be made on the forehead of the child using blessed oil (chrism oil) to represent God soothing and healing the child. What is a believer s baptism? Some Churches do not baptise babies. The Baptist Church waits until at least 12 years of age to perform baptisms. The person being baptised must ask for it to happen. What happens during a believer s baptism? Believer s baptism takes place in front of the congregation (church goers). The individual publically declares that they choose to follow Jesus s teachings. The individual is submerged in water by a minister this means their whole body goes under water.

34 Extension challenge What is confirmation and what happens during a confirmation? A confirmation ceremony is when a young Christian decides for themselves whether they want to follow Christianity or not. Members of the Roman Catholic Church and Church of England usually make this decision from 12 years upwards. During the confirmation ceremony the young person is confirming that they want to be a Christian and follow the promises that their parents and godparents made for them during their infant baptism. The priest asks the young person a range of questions to make sure that they understand that they are promising to follow the teachings of Jesus. The priest will place their hands on the young person s head, anoint (smear/rub on their forehead) them with oil or hold their hand to show that the young person has been blessed and accepted into the Church.

35 Year 7 RE Knowledge Organiser: Making Sense of Religion Beliefs People believe in many things, for many reasons. Belief in God (theism) and belief in no God (atheism) are both beliefs, neither is finally proven. Christians believe that God made the world and that it is good. Some Christians believe that God made the world in seven days and that the creation story in the bible is true in a literal way. Other Christians believe that God used the Big Bang and evolution to create the world, and that the story in the bible is true in a poetic way (it contains truth such as God did it and God made it good, without needing to be literally true). Christians believe that God would be too limited by a body, so God is more like a force or power. Just as we can t see gravity or the wind, but we can see things fall and trees blow, so we can see God s love in the goodness of creation. The Design Argument Christians believe God created our world and made human beings stewards to care for the world. We can see evidence of design in the world, everything seems to fulfil its purpose. Many Christians believe it could not just have appeared by chance it is far too complex. A man called William Paley described it like a man coming across a watch in a deserted place, it is so complicated someone must have designed it. The world is even more complex so must have been designed by God. KEY WORDS opinion your personal view on a subject belief - something you think is true but cannot prove fact something you can show to be true with evidence Trinity Christian belief that God is three in one (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) stewardship Christian idea that God told people to look after his Creation Creation God s world Evolution scientific ideas of how creatures developed Holy Spirit the third person of the Trinity God in the world Design Argument idea the world shows evidence of design so God must have designed it theist someone who believes there is a God atheist someone who believes there is no God agnostic someone who believes it is impossible to be sure whether there is a God omnipotent all powerful omniscient all knowing omnibenevolent all loving eternal without end infinite going on forever moral evil suffering caused by human action natural evil suffering caused by nature free will the freedom God gives to humans to choose for themselves Who made God? If God designed and made the world, who made God? Christians say this question makes no sense, because God is omnipotent. If God was made by someone else then God would not be all powerful, so God must be eternal and infinite. This means that God was not made, but always existed without having a beginning! Some people who don t believe in God say that perhaps the world has always existed and it is the world that has no beginning. Both these ideas are beliefs. It means that we can either believe in an eternal God, or in an eternal world, but both these ideas are beliefs. Evidence of purpose that human beings have a purpose in life Evidence of order the universe works in a way which shows order, for example the way the sun provides energy for the earth. Evidence of design birds have wings to enable them to fly.

36 The Problem of Evil Why did God create cruel creatures like human beings? Christians say that God did not want to design puppets or robots who had no choice. He wanted human beings to have the gift of free will. Unfortunately human beings cause suffering when they chose to act cruelly, and his is human fault, not God s fault. It is important to have free will because only then can humans truly choose to do genuine good. Why did God design a system of nature that causes so much pain? Christians say that if God had made a world in which there was no pain then human beings could not make real choices because whether or not they chose to do good or evil, nature would not allow any suffering. This would take away human free will, and there would not be any difference between loving others or acting cruelly towards them. It would also mean that the laws of nature would always have to be changing (gravity would work to keep people on the ground, but not when someone fell out of a window ) A volcano would have to wait to erupt until no-one was about to get hurt. Augustine (4 th century bishop of Hippo) said: evil is not a thing (good is a thing, and evil is a lack of good) human beings have free will and are responsible for choosing not to do good, and this is called sin Adam and Eve committed the first sin of disobedience against God (Original Sin) This was moral evil, which disrupted God s perfect creation causing natural evil Human beings are now tainted by this Original Sin So God is justified in judging sinful humans God saves some people because he is so loving (God s Grace) Irenaeus (2 nd century Bishop of Lyons) said: God created humans to be in God s image, but still needing to grow up to be in God s likeness (this is mentioned in the Creation story in Genesis) The process of growing up to be in God s likeness involves challenges which also sometimes include suffering The possibility of evil then allows people to grow into the people that God intended them to be This means God is justified in allowing suffering on earth

37 Speed Science Y7 Gravity If the overall, resultant force on an object is not zero, its motion changes and it slows down, speeds up or changes direction. A straight line on a distance-time graph shows constant speed, a curving line shows acceleration. The higher the speed of an object, the shorter the time taken for a journey. Mass and weight are different but related. Mass is a property of the object; weight depends upon mass but also on gravitational field strength. Every object exerts a gravitational force on every other object. The force increases with mass and decreases with distance. Gravity holds planets and moons in orbit around larger bodies. For more on this topic look here. For more on this topic look here. Keywords Speed (m/s): How much distance is covered in how much time. Average speed: The overall distance travelled divided by overall time for a journey. Relative motion: Different observers judge speeds differently if they are in motion too, so an object s speed is relative to the observer s speed. Acceleration (m/s²): How quickly speed increases or decreases. Keywords Weight (N): The force of gravity on an object measured in Newtons. Non-contact force: One that acts without direct contact. Mass (kg): The amount of matter in an object measured in Kilograms. Gravitational field strength, g (N/kg): The force from gravity on 1 kg Field: The area where other objects feel a gravitational force.

38 Voltage and resistance Science Y7 Current You can model voltage as an electrical push from the battery, or the amount of energy per unit of charge transferred through the electrical pathway. In a series circuit, voltage is shared between each component. In a parallel circuit, voltage is the same across each loop. Components with resistance reduce the current flowing and shift energy to the surroundings in the form of heat. Series Current is a movement of electrons and is the same everywhere in a series circuit. Current divides between loops in a parallel circuit, combines when loops meet, lights up bulbs and makes components work. Current is measured in Amps (A). Around a charged object, the electric field affects other charged objects, causing them to be attracted or repelled. The field strength decreases with distance. Two similarly charged objects repel, two differently charged objects attract. Series Parallel Keywords Potential difference (voltage): The amount of energy shifted from the battery to the moving charge, or from the charge to circuit components, in volts (V). Resistance: A property of a component, making it difficult for charge to pass through, in ohms (Ω). Electrical conductor: A material that allows current to flow through it easily and has a low resistance. Electrical insulator: A material that does not allow current to flow easily and has a high resistance. For more detailed knowledge of both topics Parallel Keywords Negatively charged: An object that has gained electrons as a result of the charging process. Positively charged: An object that has lost electrons as a result of the charging process. Electrons: Tiny particles which are part of atoms and carry a negative charge. Charged up: When materials are rubbed together, electrons move from one surface to the other. Electrostatic force: Non-contact force between two charged objects. Current: Flow of electric charge, in amperes (A). Field: The area where other objects feel an electrostatic force.