Martin Luther, the Reformation and Liturgical Music in Germany
|
|
- Annis Cox
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Martin Luther, the Reformation and Liturgical Music in Germany Introduction The Reformation was the foundation of the Lutheran Church a breakaway from the stranglehold that the Church of Rome had exerted on Europe for centuries. Martin Luther was a well-versed musician. He busked on streets of Magdeburg as a boy, and would have learnt how to compose short songs and motets whilst at university in Erfurt. He was known to declare that after theology, I give music the highest place and the highest honours Although a generation apart, Luther and J.S.Bach were strongly linked through their faith and love of music. They were both boy choristers at the Georgenkirche in Eisenach. Bach was baptised there, and it was also where Luther preached his sermon of defiance in Bach acquired a copy of Luther s three-volume bible translation at the age of 48. He underlined passages, corrected errors in the text and commentary, inserted missing words and made notes in the margins. Biography Martin Luther was born in Eisleben on 10 th November In 1501 he enrolled at the university of Erfurt. He graduated on 29 th September In 1505 he received his Masters at Erfurt, after which he started studying law. Whilst walking through a severe thunderstorm on 2 nd July, a bolt of lightning struck the ground near him, and he vowed to become a friar. He entered the Augustinian cloister in Erfurt on 17 th July. He celebrated his first mass on 2 nd May 1507 following his ordination as a priest. In 1517, he sends his letter of protest about the sale of indulgences, along with his Ninety-Five Thesis to the Archbishop of Mainz. Popular legend also tells us that he nailed them to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg.
2 Summoned to defend his writings at the Diet of Augsburg in In 1520 Pope Leo X declares him a heretic, and he is formally excommunicated in He refused to recant, and is hidden away in the Wartburg for his own safety. In 1522 he published his German translation of the New Testament, and in 1526 he published the German Mass. Away from Germany, the English Reformation took place in Henry VIII declared himself the supreme head of the Church in England. In 1534, Luther completed his translation of the bible into German. On 18 th February 1546, Martin Luther died in Eisleben. Music and liturgy in the medieval Catholic Church Plainchant would be sung in church and cathedrals, and polyphonic masterpieces would be heard in the greatest abbeys and basilicas. Peasants and the illiterate would sing pious songs to complement their daily routines. Medieval liturgy was the domain of the clergy. Ordinary people would be able to pray and made devotions alongside, or in parallel with what the clergy were doing. The clergy were often out of sight in the quire, and only when there were processions or when mass or devotion was held in the nave or around the church would the congregation be able to see the liturgy. The Mass had one form, and those parts of the Mass which were sung by the clergy, or by a choir in greater establishments, consisted of items whose text and melody changed (the Proper of the Mass), including; the Introit, Gradual, Alleluya, Offertory, and Communion; and those items whose text was unchanging, but whose melody might vary (The Ordinary of the Mass), including; the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus and Benedictus, Agnus Dei and Deo gratias. The Franco-Flemish composer, Josquin des Prez, was undoubtedly one of the most important and influential composers of religious music for the Catholic Church before the Reformation. He was certainly admired by Martin Luther, who was to write: Josquin is a master of the notes: they must do as he wishes.for God also proclaimed the Gospel through music, as it appears in Josquin, whose compositions flow out joyfully, willingly, tenderly, like the song of the finch, and is not forced or restrained by rules. For Catholic composers, plainchant was the basis for musical expansion and elaboration
3 Music: Ave Maria (Josquin des Prez) Music and liturgy in the Lutheran Church Martin Luther s vision was that a high proportion of the liturgy would be chanted, either by the celebrant, or by the congregation with the support of a choir. He gave music a central position in the Lutheran Church, and he wanted the entire congregation to participate in services. His Formula Missae of 1523, a Latin liturgy that he composed for the new Lutheran Churches in Wittenberg, was based on the medieval mass: Introit-Kyrie-Gloria-Collect-Epistle-Gradual and Alleluia-Gospel-Creed- Sermon-Preface-Eucharistic Prayer-Sanctus and Benedictus-Lords Prayer- The Peace-Agnus Dei and Communion-Collect-The Blessing-Benediction. Martin Luther published his German Mass: the Deutsche Messe in 1526, which followed roughly the same order as the Formula Missae of In the Deutsche Messe, we see the inclusion and encouragement of congregational singing in all parts of the mass, and through the singing of Chorales, which are more commonly known nowadays as Gotteslobe. The fundamental parts of the Mass were often paraphrased in German, or sung as a hymn, for example, the Agnus Dei might have been replaced with the hymn Jesus Christus unser Heiland, der von uns den Gotteszorn wandt. The models for the text and melody originate from 15 th century Bohemia, and are based on the hymn Jesus Christus nostra salus, which was composed by the Archbishop of Prague, Jan of Jenštein. The content of the Jenštein hymn is comparable to the first two verses of the 13 th Century hymn sequence Lauda Sion Salvatorem by St Thomas Aquinas, which is focused on the Eucharist, and the presence of Christ in bread and wine. Music: Hymn: Lauda Sion Salvatorem (St Thomas Aquinas) Hymn: Jesus Christus nostra salus (Jan of Jenštein) Hymn: Jesus Christus unser Heiland (Martin Luther) The congregational Chorale was a strophic hymn intended to be sung by the congregation in unison, and was developed by Luther along with his colleague, the composer Johann Walther (not Johann Gottfried Walther).
4 Ties with the Catholic service were also extended to the Chorales through adaptation of text and melodies from the old plainsong repertoire. One example is the Advent hymn Veni redemptor gentium which was adapted to become Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland. Music: Hymn: Veni redemptor gentium (Ambrose) Hymn: Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland (Martin Luther) Old songs that mixed German and Latin phrases, such as In dulci jubilo, were taken over unchanged. Music: Hymn: In dulci jubilo (13 th century possibly Heinrich Seuse) The folksong tradition of German sacred song was invaluable to Luther. Many of these songs were associated with Christmas, Easter and Marian feasts, and using a method called contrafactum, new texts were fitted to the old melodies The most important source of the new repertoire was to be Martin Luther s own songs. He composed for occasions of the liturgical year, including Advent, Christmas, the Purification, Epiphany, Easter, Pentecost and the Trinity. He also composed on topics related to the catechism; the Ten Commandments, the Lord s Prayer, the Creed, Baptism, Confession and the Eucharist. The close relation of text and melody in many of his chorales suggests a strong sense of creativity. Music: Hymn: Vom Himmel hoch da komm ich her (Martin Luther) The Counter-Reformation Because of the major changes that were taking place across Europe, the Catholic Church felt the need to respond to the Protestant Reformation. There was little significant papal reaction to the Protestants or to demands for reform from within the Roman Catholic Church before the mid-16 th century. Pope Paul III, who reigned from , is considered to be the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. He convened the Council of Trent in Disciplinary reforms attacked the corruption of the clergy. There was an attempt to regulate the training of candidates for the priesthood; measures were taken against luxurious living on the part of the clergy, the appointment of relatives to church office, and the absence of bishops from
5 their dioceses, and prescriptions were given about pastoral care and the administration of the sacraments. Catholic church music itself changed very little during the sixteenth century. Following the death of Josquin in 1521, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was to take up the mantel as one of the leading composers of church music In his masses, Palestrina used a variety of techniques, including cantus firmus, parody, paraphrase and free composition. Among the most famous of these was the Missa Papae Marcelli, which was composed in honor of Pope Marcellus II, who reigned for three weeks in In the late 16th century, a legend began that polyphony might have been banned by the Council because of the unintelligibility of the words. Perhaps this was the impetus behind Palestrina's composition of the Missa Papae Marcelli. It was believed that its simple, declamatory style convinced Cardinal Carlo Borromeo, on hearing, that polyphony could be intelligible, and that music such as Palestrina's was all too beautiful to ban from the Church. Music: Sanctus from Missa Papae Marcelli (Giovanni Palestrina) The use of the organ in church In the Catholic Church, it was common practice to present liturgical text using a method called alternatim, in which the organist would present part of the text through the performance of short improvised or specially composed versets, with the remainder of the text being sung as chant by the clergy or choir. The earliest source of composed settings for alternatim performance can be found in the Faenza Codex: a 15th-century Italian manuscript containing some of the oldest preserved keyboard music in existence. Later examples can be found in the Buxheimer Orgelbuch of c.1470, and through other sources composed during the 16 th and 17 th centuries. This practice was in use from as early as the fourteenth century, before Pope Pius X banned it in 1903, when he set new regulations for the performance of music in the Roman Catholic Church. It should be remembered that even when alternatim was in use, the choir would often take over the organist s role, through the performance of polyphonic mass settings and motets. Music: Magnificat Octavi Toni (Johann Kaspar Kerll)
6 In the new Lutheran tradition, the organ played a wholly different role in supporting the liturgy. The organs primary purpose within the context of Lutheran liturgy was to support and lead the congregation in the singing of hymns, and to accompany and cover other parts of the liturgy. The organist would also often improvise short preludes in order to establish the key of a piece that the choir was about to sing, or to improvise preludes on the melody of the hymn the congregation were about to sing. Organists would have also been required to cover other parts of the liturgy, such as movement around the church, or if preparation for communion had not been completed by the conclusion of the offertory. There is no doubt that the practice of alternatim was carried over into the Lutheran liturgy. North German composers such as Samuel Scheidt, Heinrich Scheidemann and Mattias Weckmann have left us examples of alternatim hymns and Magnificats. J.S.Bach also composed one example his setting of the Te Deum, which is more commonly know in its Lutheran translation as Herr Gott, dich loben wir (BWV 725). Bach s vast legacy of organ music is based on Chorales from the Protestant Hymnals of Luther and Walther. The purpose of these chorale preludes is unclear. They might have been played as a prelude to a vocal work, which was based on the same chorale that was to be performed as part of the Gottesdienst. It seems highly unlikely that they would have been used to introduce the hymns, as many are quite substantial in length. The only collection of chorale preludes that might have suited this purpose is the Orgelbüchlein or the Little Organ Book - a collection of 46 short chorale preludes, and a few other stand-alone chorales. Music: Vom Himmel hoch da komm ich her BWV 606 (J.S.Bach) Music: Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ BWV 722 (J.S.Bach) Music: Jesus Christus, unser Heiland BWV 665 (J.S.Bach) The legacy of Martin Luther s Reformation In the years following the publication of Martin Luther s Ninety-Five Theses, German principalities aligned themselves with either the Protestant, or the Catholic faith. Protestantism spread, and today it has millions of followers across the world. We can still witness Luther s legacy at work in the church today. We have seen the revival of ancient liturgies, and numerous new approaches to liturgy and musical styles. In addition to Catholic repertoire, musicians
7 now have access to a vast array of Lutheran repertoire dating from 1520 to the present day. Congregational Hymn: Ein feste burg ist unser Gott (Martin Luther) Richard Brasier 05/08/2017
The Progression of A Cappella Music in the Early Church. Aleska Barkoviak, Danielle Hutchison, Caleb Peterson, and Robert Rhodes
The Progression of A Cappella Music in the Early Church { Aleska Barkoviak, Danielle Hutchison, Caleb Peterson, and Robert Rhodes Monophony { Nun Komm, der Heiden Heiland Single line of music sung by multiple
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE FOURTH SUNDAY OF ADVENT DECEMBER 18, 2016 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word booklets
More informationThe Reformation. The Reformation. Forerunners 11/12/2013
The Reformation Began during the early sixteenth century Protest against the corruption in the Roman Catholic Church Equal authority of tradition and Scripture Papal infallibility Indulgences (the sale
More informationThe Music and History of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation
Berklee College of Music The Music and History of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation The Changing Life of The Arts Luís F. Gomes Zanforlin History of Music in the European Tradition MHIS-P203-006
More informationReligious Leaders: Martin Luther
Religious Leaders: Martin Luther By Biography.com Editors and A+E Networks, adapted by Newsela staff on 11.30.16 Word Count 750 Oil painting on wood of Martin Luther, Germany 1529. Lucas Cranach the Elder.
More informationBuddhism: Buddha Christianity: Christ/God Islam: Mohammed Hinduism: Shiva etc... Judaism: God. Sikh Shintoism
What is religion? What is religion? Something people believe in e.g. a god, gods, godesses, prophets Rules Organised groups, communities, organisations Place of worship Feast days, celebrations, rituals
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE SECOND SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME JANUARY 15, 2017 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word
More information2. Early Calls for Reform
2. Early Calls for Reform By the 1300s, the Church was beginning to lose some of its moral and religious standing. Many Catholics, including clergy, criticized the corruption and abuses in the Church.
More informationMusic Through The Ages:
Music Through The Ages: From Reformation to Reconciliation A program of sacred music in commemoration of the 500th Anniversary of the Reformation of the Church A celebration of the path toward unity between
More informationThe Protestant Reformation ( )
The Protestant Reformation (1450-1565) Key Concepts End of Religious Unity in the West. Split from the medieval church its traditions, doctrine, practices and people Not the first attempt at reform, but
More informationThe compositions of Brett M. McKern : to the greater glory of God
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2005 The compositions of : to the greater glory of God University
More informationThe Nativity of Our Lord: Christmas Eve
The Nativity of Our Lord: Christmas Eve Festival Holy Communion Saturday, 24 December 2016 half past ten o clock in the evening Gloria Dei Lutheran Church South Bend, Indiana The Prelude In dulci jubilo
More informationMARTIN LUTHER Reformer
MARTIN LUTHER Reformer TRINITARIAN BIBLE SOCIETY Reformation quiz Senior Section Suggested age range 12 16 years; parents and teachers, please feel free to assign whichever version of the quiz you think
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY DECEMBER 8, 2016 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in
More informationChapter 1: The First Literate Repertory in Western Music: Gregorian Chant I. Introduction A. Music notation began more than 1,000 years ago. B.
«Last» i Chapter 1: The First Literate Repertory in Western Music: Gregorian Chant I. Introduction A. Music notation began more than 1,000 years ago. B. Pictures and drawings tell us something about music
More informationCHY4U The West & the World. The Protestant Reformation
CHY4U The West & the World The Protestant Reformation The just shall live by faith. St. Paul, Romans I, 17 Background The reformation was a split of the Church. The reformation occurred out of the grievances
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE FIFTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME FEBRUARY 5, 2017 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word
More informationThe Reformation. Main Idea: Martin Luther s protest over abuses in the Catholic Church led to the founding of Protestant churches.
The Reformation -a movement for religious reforms Main Idea: Martin Luther s protest over abuses in the Catholic Church led to the founding of Protestant churches. Immediate Causes: Selling of indulgences
More informationTHE REFORMATION. Outcome: Martin Luther and the Reformation
THE REFORMATION Outcome: Martin Luther and the Reformation Constructive Response Question 4. Identify the reasons that drove Martin Luther to write the 95 Theses and describe the outcome of the action.
More informationMARTIN LUTHER Reformer
TRINITARIAN BIBLE SOCIETY Reformation quiz Senior Section MARTIN LUTHER Reformer Suggested age range 12 16 years; parents and teachers, please feel free to assign whichever version of the quiz you think
More informationGrade 8 Chapter 11 Study Guide
Grade 8 Chapter 11 Study Guide 1300 1500 A.D. are known as the late Middle Ages. This was a time of disease, disorder and great change in the church. The plague, or black death was a highly contagious
More information12-1 Notes, page 1 THE SEVEN SACRAMENTS
12-1 Notes, page 1 THE SEVEN SACRAMENTS 1. Baptism 2. Eucharist 3. Reconciliation (Penance, Confession) 4. Confirmation 5. Matrimony 6. Holy Orders 7. Anointing of the Sick (Extreme Unction) THE DECLINE
More informationTHE PROTESTANT REFORMATION 500 YEAR ANNIVERSARY OCTOBER 31, OCTOBER 31, 2017
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION 500 YEAR ANNIVERSARY OCTOBER 31, 1517 - OCTOBER 31, 2017 The Reformation October 31, 1517 What had happened to the Church that Jesus founded so that it needed a reformation?
More informationReformation. The Story
Reformation The Story Close your eyes. Pretend you lived in a time with no T.V., no computers, no cars, airplanes, or trains, no electricity, no movies, and no video games. Your life would be very different.
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY DECEMBER 8, 2017 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in
More informationProtestant Reformation. Causes, Conflicts, Key People, Consequences
Protestant Reformation Causes, Conflicts, Key People, Consequences Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome Challenge to Church authority: 1. German and English nobility disliked Italian
More informationSeven Sacraments. Sacrament: rites or ceremonies through which a believer receives God s grace in Roman Catholicism
Medieval Church Medieval Church unifying force in Western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire continued the traditions of the old Roman Empire heightened concern for the afterlife Seven Sacraments
More informationThe Break of Dawn. The Rise of the Protestant Reformation under Martin Luther
The 500th Anniversary of the Protestant Reformation HaDavar May 16, 2017 Ron Keller Session 2 The Break of Dawn The Rise of the Protestant Reformation under Martin Luther On October 31, 1517 Martin Luther
More informationTHE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Essential Question: p. 58 What caused the Protestant Reformation? Warm-Up: Look at this image: What is the main idea of the Protestant Reformation? During the Middle Ages, the
More informationMARTIN LUTHER. Introduction
MARTIN LUTHER Introduction Reading Luther is thrilling I must say. I concur with Michael Reeves in his book, On Giants shoulders when he says; Reading Luther is incomparably stimulating; actually stimulating
More informationEssential Question: What caused the Protestant Reformation? Warm-Up Q: Look at this image: What is the main idea of the Protestant Reformation?
Essential Question: What caused the Protestant Reformation? Warm-Up Q: Look at this image: What is the main idea of the Protestant Reformation? During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church was the dominant
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE NATIVITY OF THE LORD: VIGIL MASS AND MASS DURING THE DAY DECEMBER 25, 2016 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. We are glad that you have chosen to
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE TWENTY-SIXTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday
More informationChurch History, Lesson 8: The Reformation Church, Part 1 ( ): Lutheran Reformation
61, Lesson 8: The Reformation Church, Part 1 (1517 1648): Lutheran Reformation 23. Importance of the Reformation: The importance of the Reformation cannot be overstated. Listen to Philip Schaff, who spent
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE SIXTEENTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME JULY 23, 2017 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word
More informationiii TABLE OF CONTENTS Service Music & Pieces for General Use
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface... v Service Music & Pieces for General Use Ordinary of the Mass Missa Spe Salvi I. Kyrie... 2 II. Gloria... 4 III. Sanctus... 8 IV. Agnus Dei... 10 Missa Brevis (à 3) I. Kyrie...
More informationWhat It Means to be: Protestant Part 3. Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian
What It Means to be: Protestant Part 3 Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian 1 Theological Definition Theological Darkness Theological Reformation 2 Class: billpetro.com/lighthouse Luther: billpetro.com/history-of-martin-luther
More informationTake some time to read our primary source document for the morning.
The Reformation Context, Characters, Controversies, and Consequences Welcome! Please help yourself to coffee and snacks and fill in a name tag. Take some time to read our primary source document for the
More informationLesson 1 Student Handout 1.1 Major Differences between Catholics and Protestants
Lesson 1 Student Handout 1.1 Major Differences between Catholics and Protestants According to the Protestant reformers who shaped the Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church had over the centuries incorporated
More informationChapter 16: The Reformation in Europe, Lesson 1: The Protestant Reformation
Chapter 16: The Reformation in Europe, 1517 1600 Lesson 1: The Protestant Reformation World History Bell Ringer #55 2-23-18 What does the word reform mean? It Matters Because The humanist ideas of the
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE THIRD SUNDAY OF EASTER APRIL 15, 2018 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word booklets
More informationAn Introduction to the Protestant Reformation
An Introduction to the Protestant Reformation Wittenberg, 1725, engraving, 18 x 15 cm (State and University Library, Dresden) The Protestant Reformation Today there are many types of Protestant Churches.
More informationTHE TEMPLE CHURCH December 2017
THE TEMPLE CHURCH December 2017 TEMPLE WINTER FESTIVAL Monday 11 - Friday 15 December Monday 11 December, 7.30 p.m. TEMPLE CHURCH CHOIR CONCERT Tickets required. To book: www.templemusic.org Wednesday
More informationThe Reformation began in Germany in the 16 th Century to try and reform (Change or Improve) the teachings and practices in the Catholic Church.
The Reformation began in Germany in the 16 th Century to try and reform (Change or Improve) the teachings and practices in the Catholic Church. It led to a divisionwithin the Church. The Church was ruled
More informationHard to top last week
The German Reformation Theological Spark and Secular Timber Hard to top last week Martin Luther. Not all that interesting at least in a soap opera kind of a way Prior to 1517 he was, by all reports, a
More informationMUSIC SCHEDULE 12 April - 10 May, 2013
MUSIC SCHEDULE 12 April - 10 May, 2013 12 April 2015 Sunday of Divine Mercy Entrance Hymn At the Lamb s High Feast Salzburg W III 459 Offertory Hymn That Easter Day With Joy Was Bright Puer nobis W II
More informationDIOCESE OF ORANGE Musical Guidelines
DIOCESE OF ORANGE Musical Guidelines THE INTRODUCTORY RITES The Entrance or Opening Song The liturgy begins with a song, which has a four-fold purpose: to open the celebration; foster the unity of those
More informationEUROPEAN HISTORY. 2. The Reformation. Form 3
EUROPEAN HISTORY 2. The Reformation Form 3 1 Unit 2.1 - The Catholic Church in the Late Middle Ages 1. John Wycliffe 2. John Huss 5. The Pope with Cardinals and Kings in about 1360. 3. Savanarola 4. Martin
More informationcph.org Copyright 2011 Concordia Publishing House 3558 S. Jefferson Avenue, St. Louis, MO
Copyright 2011 Concordia Publishing House 3558 S. Jefferson Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63118-3968 1-800-325-3040 www. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
More informationLiturgy and music at the Cathedral. April 2017 DRAFT
Liturgy and music at the Cathedral April 2017 DRAFT We are pleased to welcome you to Sheffield Cathedral. We hope that you feel at home in this community of Christians who worship at the heart of the Church
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE TWENTY-FIRST SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME AUGUST 27, 2017 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s
More informationMartin Luther. A religious reformer
Martin Luther A religious reformer Keywords Martin Luther Reformer Germany Monk Salvation through Faith Alone Indulgences 95 Theses Papal Bull Martin Luther was from Germany He was sent to university to
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 1 The Protestant Reformation ESSENTIAL QUESTION What conditions can encourage the desire for reform? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary fundamental basic or essential external outward or observable
More informationCatholic Church Hierarchy. Clergy. Effects of the Renaissance. Objectives for Reformation: Causes 9/25/2008. Christianity
Effects of the Renaissance Objectives for Reformation: Led to advancements in Science (Copernicus, Galileo) Led to world exploration (1492 Columbus sailed to the new world Art and literature is forever
More informationMusic Notes 2014 Passion Sunday
Music Notes 2014 Passion Sunday Passion Sunday marks the start of the two-week period known as Passiontide, a period that leads us through the forthcoming week, then Palm Sunday and into Holy Week itself
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE FIRST SUNDAY OF ADVENT NOVEMBER 27, 2016 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word booklets
More informationHARVARD The Memorial Church
HARVARD The Memorial Church Order of Worship -0- The Third Sunday of Advent Sunday, December 15, 2013 please silence all electronic devices upon entering the sanctuary of the memorial church. Order of
More informationA Mighty Fortress Is Our God Psalm 46:1-11; Romans 1:16-17
A Mighty Fortress Is Our God Psalm 46:1-11; Romans 1:16-17 Message by Michael J. Barnard October 29, 2017 Teaching Aim: To explore the events leading to the Protestant Reformation. To study the life of
More informationThe Protestant Reformation and its Effects
The Protestant Reformation and its Effects 1517-1618 Context How had the Christian faith grown since its inception? What role did the Church play in Europe during the Middle Ages? How had the Church changed
More informationMass in Honour of The Blessed Virgin Mary
St Teilo s Church, St Fagans Museum Tuesday 21 June 2011 Thursday 23 June 2011 Mass in Honour of The Blessed Virgin Mary following the order drawn up at salisbury cathedral and used in churches in wales
More informationUsing Antiphons and Chant in the Liturgy
Using Antiphons and Chant in the Liturgy with Angela Westhoff-Johnson Presenter Angela Westhoff-Johnson Manager of Music Editorial Before we get started Best viewing Close other programs or applications
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE NINETEENTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME AUGUST 12, 2018 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE TWENTY-SECOND SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME SEPTEMBER 2, 2018 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday
More informationThe Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation 1517-1648 The Protestant Reformation Caused by a questioning (protest) of the Church in Northern Europe i. The selling of indulgences a. $$$ for pardoning of sins Purgatory during
More informationMartin Luther and the Doctrine of Justification
Martin Luther and the Doctrine of Justification 2017 The Lutheran Church Missouri Synod 1333 S. Kirkwood Road St. Louis, MO 63122 888-THE LCMS lcms.org/ctcr This work may be reproduced by a churches and
More informationThe Reformation. A movement for religious reform
The Reformation A movement for religious reform Luther Leads the Reformation Essential Question: What effect did Luther s protest have on religion and on society? Causes of the Reformation Luther Challenges
More informationHere I Stand! Martin Luther's Date With Destiny - Reformation Society
18April marks anniversary of a momentous turning point in world history. The Reformation was led by men of strong faith, deep convictions, great intelligence, high moral standards and tremendous courage.
More informationTo help protect y our priv acy, PowerPoint prev ented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this
To help protect y our priv acy, PowerPoint prev ented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable
More informationThe Reformations: A Catholic Perspective. David J. Endres
The Reformations: A Catholic Perspective David J. Endres Richard John Neuhaus, a celebrated Christian intellectual, addressed a meeting of Lutheran clergy and laity in New York City in 1990. The address
More informationTHE MISSAL Terminology
Terminology Throughout this Ordo, by a High Mass is understood a Mass sung with the assistance of Deacon and Subdeacon and by a Sung Mass a Mass sung without the assistance of Deacon and Subdeacon. Changes
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE MOST HOLY TRINITY JUNE 11, 2017 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word booklets found
More informationLecture - The Protestant Reformation
Lecture - The Protestant Reformation A. Causes of the Protestant Reformation Basis - not a single event but a combination of events 1. Relationship with the Renaissance * people began to question the authority
More informationProtestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation What abuses did you find within the Catholic Church? Please turn in your homework Abuses in the Church Nepotism: Appointing one s own relations as cardinals or bishops whether they
More informationA. as head of his wife, Philip had the right to kill her and marry another B. Philip could get a divorce without the consent of the Catholic Church
A. as head of his wife, Philip had the right to kill her and marry another B. Philip could get a divorce without the consent of the Catholic Church C. Philip should send his wife into exile and marry the
More informationThe Halloween That Changed the World Reformation Day
The Halloween That Changed the World Reformation Day Mary Ditzel On October 31, 1517, something happened that changed the world. Do you know what it was? Even the man who did it didn t know the effect
More informationQueens College Chapel. Choral Services
Queens College Chapel Choral Services Michaelmas Term 2012 Queens College Chapel Choral Services Michaelmas Term 2011 Regular Services Monday 8.15am Morning Prayer 9.30pm Choral Compline Tuesday 8.15am
More informationWhat Are We Protesting About? Martin Luther and the Reformation
What Are We Protesting About? Martin Luther and the Reformation What are We Protesting About?: Martin Luther and the Reformation 4/26/2009: The Medieval Church and the Seeds of Reformation 5/3/2009: Martin
More informationReformation Test Oct 2015
Reformation Test Oct 2015 1. One of Luther's teachings is that... A) The holy spirit dictate when action are pious B) Church doctrine must be based solely on the Bible C) Bible should be interpreted by
More informationLuther s Teachings Salvation could be obtained through alone The is the sole source of religious truth o not church councils or the All people with
Module 9: The Protestant Reformation Criticisms of the Catholic Church leaders extravagant Priest were poorly John & Jan o Denied the had the right to worldly power o Taught that the had more authority
More informationProtestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation WHII.3 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western civilization by a) explaining the effects of the theological, political, and economic
More informationThe Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation By History.com on 01.31.17 Word Count 791 This painting shows Martin Luther posting his 95 theses in 1517. Luther was challenging the Catholic Church with his opinions on Christianity.
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE FIFTH SUNDAY OF LENT APRIL 2, 2017 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word booklets found
More informationCelebration Hymnal for Everyone CD Listing
Hymn CD1 1. All people that on earth do dwell (22) 2. Organ (22) 3. Love is His Word (399) 4. Organ (399) 5. Now thank we all our God (512) 6. Organ (512) 7. O bread of heaven (517) 8. Organ (517) 9. Praise
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE FIFTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME FEBRUARY 4, 2018 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday s Word
More informationThe Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation Gutenberg s Printing Press The Gutenberg Printing Press led to a rise in literacy throughout Europe and the mass printing of the Bible More European Christians could then read
More informationThe Reformation Begins
4 Corruption in the church led to questions about the morals of church officials. CHAPTER The Reformation Begins 31.1 Introduction In the last chapter, you met 10 leading figures of the Renaissance. At
More informationThe Usage for SOLEMN MASS on SUNDAYS and FEAST DAYS
ST MICHAEL & ALL ANGELS MOUNT DINHAM The Usage for SOLEMN MASS on SUNDAYS and FEAST DAYS THE PARISH OF ST DAVID WITH ST MICHAEL & ALL ANGELS EXETER Preface The style is Anglo-Catholic of the 1920 s & 30
More informationAP European History. Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary. Inside: Short Answer Question 3. Scoring Guideline.
2018 AP European History Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Short Answer Question 3 RR Scoring Guideline RR Student Samples RR Scoring Commentary College Board, Advanced Placement
More informationDiocese of Sioux City Office of Worship. Diocesan Music Guidelines
Diocese of Sioux City Office of Worship Diocesan Music Guidelines Published 2014 INTRODUCTION Saint Augustine says, Singing is for the one who loves. When the people of God gather for the celebration of
More informationConservative Radical: Martin Luther s Influence on Congregational Singing
Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville B.A. in Music Senior Capstone Projects Student Scholarly Activity Spring 2010 Conservative Radical: Martin Luther s Influence on Congregational Singing Jonathan
More informationWhat It Means to be: Protestant Part 1. Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian
What It Means to be: Protestant Part 1 Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian 1 Class: billpetro.com/lighthouse Luther: billpetro.com/history-of-martin-luther 2 Objectives By the end of this session
More informationTEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Protestant Reformation Begins
The Protestant Reformation Begins Objectives Summarize the factors that encouraged the Protestant Reformation. Analyze Martin Luther s role in shaping the Protestant Reformation. Explain the teachings
More informationCopy of Assessment: The Reformation Begins
Name Date Mastering the Content Copy of Assessment: The Reformation Begins Select the letter next to the best answer. 1. How did Renaissance humanists contribute to the weakening of the Roman Catholic
More informationThe Protestant Revolt and the Catholic Reformation
The Protestant Revolt and the Catholic Reformation Chapter Five 1517 - Martin Luther posted a list on the door of his church in Wittenburg, Germany 95 things about the Roman Catholic Church that troubled
More informationNote: The following terms are listed in their sequence of the Mass.
Celebration of Mass Mass The common name for the Eucharistic liturgy of the Catholic Church. Also referred to as Eucharist, Celebration of the Liturgy, Eucharistic celebration, Sacrifice of the Mass or
More informationThe Divine Service. The Service of Preparation
The Divine Service In the Divine Service, we will see that God is active and for the most part we are passive. Our responses are of thanks and praise to the gracious and generous God that serves us. It
More information100 Years War and Black Death Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church The Corruption within the Catholic Church
100 Years War and Black Death Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church The Corruption within the Catholic Church Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic The [REFORM]ation was
More informationProtestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation Objectives: Students will learn about the criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church, and how this led to a religious movement called the Protestant Reformation.
More informationST. ELIZABETH EPISCOPAL CHURCH
ST. ELIZABETH EPISCOPAL CHURCH Explanatory Bulletin: Welcome to St. Elizabeth Church! This booklet contains expanded background information for the service of the Episcopal Holy Mass, also called the Holy
More informationTHE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT PAUL BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA THE TWENTY-FIFTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME SEPTEMBER 23, 2018 Welcome to the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The order of Mass can be found on page 3 in the Sunday
More information