MEDIEVAL C H U R C H STUDIES

Transcription

1 E n v i s i o n i n g t h e B i s h o p

2 MEDIEVAL C H U R C H STUDIES Previously published volumes in this series are listed at the back of the book. Volume 29

3 E n v i s i o n i n g t h e B i s h o p Images and the Episcopacy in the Middle Ages Edited by Sigrid Danielson and Evan A. Gatti BREPOLS

4 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 2014, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. d /2014/0095/99 ISBN: e-isbn: Printed in the E U on acid-free paper

5 C o n t e n t s Illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction SIGRID Da n ie l s o n and EVAN A. GATTI Female Patronage and Episcopal Authority in Late Antiquity ANEILYA BARNES Ecclesius of Ravenna as Donor in Text and Image D e b o r a h m. d e l iy a n n is Bishops and Balancing Acts: Divine and Human Agency in Gregory of Tours s Vision of Episcopal Authority KALANI CRAIG Bede both Subject and Superior to the Episcopacy GEORGE HARDIN BROWN Between Censorship and Patronage: Interaction between Bishops and Scholars in Carolingian Book Dedications SITA TECKEL The Bishop s Presence: Depicting Episcopal Authority in the Early Middle Ages SIGRID DANIELSoN Feed My Sheep: Pastoral Imagery and the Bishops Calling in Early Ireland DOROTHY HOOGLAND VERKERK xii

6 CONTENTS The Ordo Missae of Warmund of Ivrea: A Bishop's Two Bodies' and the Image In Between e v a n a. g a t t i Bishop and Monk: John the Baptist in the Episcopal Image of Anglo-Saxon England and Ottonian Germany JENNIFER P. KINGSLEY Sigebert the Beloved': A liturgical Perspective on Episcopal Image from Eleventh-Century Minden JOANNE M. p ie r c e Reims and Rome are Equals': Archbishop Manasses I (c ), Pope Gregory VII, and the Fortunes of Historical Exceptionalism JO H N S. OTT Rewriting St Wulfstan of Worcester, the Last Anglo-Saxon Bishop, in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries SHERRY REAMES Ideal and Reality: Images of a Bishop in Bernard of Clairvaux's Advice to Eugenius III ( ) ALICE CHAPMAN Ordination, Purification, and Consecration: Episcopal Privilege at Bourges Cathedral KARA ANN MORROW Teaching the Mnemonic Bishop in the Medieval Canon Law Classroom W INSTON BLACK Exhibiting Ottonian Bishops in Modern Germany: The 1993 Bernward of Hildesheim and Egbert of Trier Exhibitions WILLIAM J. DIEBOLD Afterword: Images Matter: The Cultural History of the Medieval Bishop MAUREEN C. m il l e r Index

7 Il l u s t r a t io n s P k t e s Plate 1, p. xiv. Liturgical Scenes with Baptism', ivory plaque, Paris, Musée du Louvre MR 369. c Plate 2, p. xv. ordo missae', Ivrea, Biblioteca Capitolare Cod. IV, fols 3v-4 r. c Plate 3, p. xvi. Ordo missae', Ivrea, Biblioteca Capitolare Cod. IV, fols 5v- 6 r. c Plate 4, p. xvii. Agnus dei', Liber sacramentum, Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, MS theol. lat. fol. 2, 8v. Eleventh century. Plate 5, p. xviii. Bishop Sigebert at the altar', Liber sacramentorum, Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, MS theol. lat. fol. 2, 9r. Eleventh century. Plate 6, p. xix. The stoning of St Stephen, and Aaron with Moses', Bible moralisée, Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodleian 270b, fol. 79v. Second quarter of thirteenth century. Plate 7, p. xx. Ordination of St Stephen by St Peter and the rites of the bishop', Bible moralisée, London, BL, MS Harley 1527, fol. 63v. Second quarter of the thirteenth century.

8 vili ILLUSTRATIONS F ig u r e s Figure 1.1, p. 18. Plan of the Basilica Apostolorum and Plan of S. Marla Maggiore. Figure 2.1, p. 42. Apse Mosaic Showing Saint Vitalis and Bishop Ecclesius Being Presented by Angels to Christ, Ravenna, Church of San Vitale. c Figure 6.1, p Liturgical Scenes with the Eucharist, ivory plaque, Paris, Musée du Louvre MR 368. c Figure 6.2, p Liturgical and Biblical Scenes, front cover, Drogo Sacramentary, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Lat c Figure 6.3, p Eucharist Scenes, back cover, Drogo Sacramentary, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Lat c Figure 6.4, p Presentation Scene, First Bible of Charles the Bald, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Lat. 1, fol. 423r. c Figure 6.5, p Scene from the Fides Catholica Folio, Utrecht Psalter, Utrecht, University Library, MS 32, fol. 90v or c Figure 6.6, p Liturgical Scenes with Baptism, detail, ivory plaque, Paris, Musée du Louvre MR 369. c Figure 6.7, p Scenes from the Life of St Remi, ivory plaque, Amiens, Musée de la Picardie, inventory no. 61. Late ninth or tenth century. Figure 6.8, p Eucharist Scenes, detail, ivory plaque, Paris Musée du Louvre MR 368. c Figure 6.9, p Healing of Nicetius, detail on rear side of altar, Milan, Church of Sant Ambrogio. c Figure 7.1, p West Cross, Monasterboice, Co. Louth, Ireland. Early tenth century. Figure 7.2, p Crucifixion, West Cross, Monasterboice, Co. Louth, Ireland. Early tenth century.

9 ILLUSTATIO NS Figure 7.3, p Crucifixion, Muiredach s Cross, Monasterboice, Co. Louth, Ireland. Tenth century. Figure 7.4, p Crucifixion, Cross of Durrow, Durrow, Co. Laois, Ireland. Ninth century. Figure 7.5, p Fragment of Sarcophagus Lid from Rome, Bode Museum, Berlin. c Figure 7.6, p Dysert O Dea Cross, Co. Clare, Ireland. Twelfth century. Figure 8.1, p Otto III Enthroned, Liuthar Gospels, Aachen, Cathedral Treasury, fol. 16r. c Figure 8.2, p Charles the Bald Enthroned, Codex Aureus, München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm , fol. 5v. c Figure 8.3, p Christ in Majesty, Codex Aureus, München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm , fol. 6v. c Figure 8.4, p Blessing of the Chrism, Sacramentary of Warmund of Ivrea, Ivrea, Biblioteca Capitolare, Cod. 31 (LXXXVI), fol. 52v. c Figure 8.5, p Nine Scenes from Exodus, Farfa Bible (Ripoll Bible), Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS vat. lat. 5729, fol. 1r. Early eleventh century. Figure 8.6, p Henry II Accompanied by Bishops, Pontifical of Henry II, Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Lit. 53, fol. 2v. c Figure 8.7, p Portable Altar with Figure of Melchizedek, Aaron, and Abraham, 23 cm X 26 cm. Musée de Cluny Paris. c Figure 9.1, p John the Baptist and the Four Evangelists from the Throne of Maximianus, Museo Arcivescovile, Ravenna, Italy. Mid-sixth century. Figure 9.2, p Maniple of Bishop Frithestan, Durham Cathedral Figure 9.3, p John the Baptist s Birth and Naming, Benedictional of St Aethelwold. London, BL, MS Additional 49598, fol. 92v. c. 980.

10 ILLUSTATIO NS Figure 9.4, p Portrait of John the Evangelist, Benedictional of St Aethelwold, London, BL, MS Additional 49598, fol. 19v. c Figure 9.5, p John the Baptist Preaching (above) and Christ Calling the First Apostles to his Service (below). Bernward Gospels, Hildesheim, Dom und Diözesanmuseum, Domschatz MS 18, fol. 75r. c Figure 9.6, p Dedication Bifolium, Bernward Gospels, Hildesheim, Dom und Diözesanmuseum, Domschatz MS 18, fol. 16v. c Figure 9.7, p Dedication Bifolium, Bernward Gospels, Hildesheim, Dom und Diözesanmuseum, Domschatz MS 18, fol. 17r. c Figure 9.8, p Ascension (top) and Portrait of John the Evangelist (bottom), Bernward Gospels, Hildesheim, Dom und Diözesanmuseum, Domschatz MS 18, fol. 175v. c Figure 10.1, p Bishop Sigebert of Minden between a Priest and Deacon, ivory panel from the Ordo missae of Sigebert of Minden, Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, MS germ. qu. 42. c Figure 10.2, p Bishop Sigebert of Minden between a Priest and Deacon, Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, MS thol. lat. qu th century. Figure 14.1, p Southernmost Portals of the West Façade of the Cathedral of St Stephen, Bourges, France. First half of thirteenth century. Figure 14.2, p St Stephen Tympanum, West Façade of the Cathedral of St Stephen, Bourges, France. First half of thirteenth century. Figure 14.3, p St Ursin Tympanum, West Façade of the Cathedral of St Stephen, Bourges, France. First half of thirteenth century. Figure 14.4, p Ordination of the First Deacons, detail of the St Stephen Tympanum, West Façade of the Cathedral of St Stephen, Bourges, France. First half of thirteenth century. Figure 14.5, p St Stephen s Ordination at the Hands of St Peter, detail in the Bible moralisée, London, British Library, MS Harley 1527, fol. 63v. Second quarter of thirteenth century.

11 ILLUSTATIO NS Figure 14.6, p Translation of the Relics, detail of the St Ursin Tympanum, West Façade of the Cathedral of St Stephen, Bourges, France. First half of thirteenth century. Figure 14.7, p Consecration of the Church, detail of the St Ursin Tympanum, West Façade of the Cathedral of St Stephen, Bourges, France. First half of thirteenth century. Figure 14.8, p Baptism of the Donors, detail of the St Ursin Tympanum, West Façade of the Cathedral of St Stephen, Bourges, France. First half of thirteenth century. Figure 16.1, p Front Cover of First Volume of Egbert, Erzbischofvon Trier , ed. by Franz Ronig (Trier: Selbstverlag des Rheinischen Landesmuseums. Trier, 1993). Figure 16.2, p Poster for Bernward von Hildesheim und das Zeitalter der Ottonen, Figure 17.1, p Early Release Front Cover, Für Königtum und Himmelreich:1000Ja,hreBischofM e inwerfevonpai e rborn١t d.. t.ophstà \' bychr g١tmann and Martin Kroker, T h b les Table 2.1, p. 59. Churches in Rome with donor-portraits of bishops. Table 16.1, p Large-scale exhibitions of medieval art and culture in Germany since World War II.

12 A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s his collection of essays has its genesis in a series of panels at the International Medieval Congress at the University of Leeds in 2009 and at the International Medieval Congress at western Michigan University in Kalamazoo in 2009, 2010, and organized through the Society for the Study of Bishops and the Secular Clergy in the Middle Ages (e p is c o p u s ) the sessions endeavoured to synthesize scholarship on the episcopacy that would have been otherwise separated by discipline, geographical, and chronological focus. one point of continuity shared by the essays presented in this volume is a dedication to and curiosity about the complex manner in which the episcopal office has been imagined and envisioned during the Middle Ages and in the contemporary world. Any project relies upon the support, engagement, and generosity of others to help see it through to completion. First, we are indebted to the contributors to the volume for sharing their expertise and perspectives on the image of the medieval bishop with us. The diligence and patience demonstrated by our authors through the writing and revision process was much appreciated. we are also grateful for many other individuals who offered their guidance, institutional resources, and resolute enthusiasm to help us complete this work. John S. o tt, as president of e p is c o p u s, was unfailing in his support for multidisciplinary examination of the episcopal image in providing sponsorship for conference panels and providing formative advice for two novice editors. The encouragement of Maureen C. Miller was instrumental at all phases of the volume as a reader of many essays and in her contribution of the Afterword. w e would also offer our sincere appreciation to Simon Forde, Guy Carney, and Katharine Handel at Brepols, as well as the anonymous peer reviewers. we are indebted to copyeditor Erin Thomas Dailey, designer Martine Maguire-weltecke, and to Laura Napran who prepared the index. Their efforts were essential to completing the project.

13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xill We thank Elon University and Grand Valley State University for their support, especially the Provost's office and the Faculty Research and Development Committee at Elon University for funding a summer fellowship and travel to various conferences related to the volume, and the Center for Scholarly and Creative Excellence at Grand Valley State for travel grants that supported conference participation. We have enjoyed the personal support of valuable colleagues, especially Lynn Huber, Anna Trumbore Jones, Genevra Kornbluth, Diane Reilly, and Kirstin Ringelberg. A special thank you is owed to the staff at Elon University's Belk Library, notably Lynn Melchor and Lynne Bisko, and Grand Valley State's University Libraries and the Document Delivery staff, for their persistence with even the most obscure loan and purchase requests. we were also fortunate to work near outstanding institutions with excellent collections in medieval studies and are grateful for the assistance of the library staffs at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hiil, the Library of Congress, Calvin College, western Michigan University, and Notre Dame University. From the formative days of the project, discussed over pints at the Stables in Leeds, and the countless conversations that followed, we thank family and friends for their support. Sigrid is grateful for the love and encouragement of her family, Larry and Kerstin Danielson, Gudrun Danielson, and Chris Fisher, Jason, Josephine, and william. Their support has made all the difference. Evan remembers the unwavering support of her mother, Michael Gatti, and is thankful for the continued encouragement of David Gatti, Gina, Bret, and Royton Boulware, and Jules and Judy Nicolet. Finally, Evan thanks Todd and Foster Nicolet for their steadfast love and willingness to share their lives with so many medieval bishops.