RONALD SYME ROMAN PAPER III EDITED BY ANTHONY R. BIRLEY CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD

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1 RONALD SYME ROMAN PAPER III EDITED BY ANTHONY R. BIRLEY CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1984

2 Oxford University Press, Walto11 Street, Oxford ox2 6oP Lottdo11 Glasgow New York Torottto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karacl1i K11ala L111np1ir Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar ts Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland attd associated companies i11 Beirsit Berlin Ibadan Mexico City Nicosia Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press P11blislied i11 tlie U11ited States by Oxford U11iversity Press, New York Sir Ronald Syme 1984 All rights reserved. No part of t/1is p11blicatio11 may be reprod11ted, stored i11 a retrieval system, or tratismitted, in any form or by any 111ta11s, electronic, mechanical, pliotocopying, rtcordi11g, or otherwise, witliout the prior permissio11 of Oxford U11iversity Press British Library Cataloguitsg in P11blicatio11 Data Syme, Ronald Roman Papers Rome-History I. Title II. Birley, Anthony 937 DC209 ISBN Library of Congrr..ss Cataloglng in PJ1blicat/on Data (Revised for volume 3) Syme, Rotiald, Sir, Roman Papers. Vol. 3: edited by Anthony R. Birley. Indudes bibliographical refermas and imlex. 1. Rom~History-Collected works. I. Badian, E. II. Birley, Anthony Richard. III. Title. DG209.S9.s 937' ISBN 0-11) Printed in Great Britain by New Western Printing Ltd, Bristol

3 Editor's Preface Roman Papers i and ii, long awaited, were favourably received. A further instalment was desirable; Sir Ronald Syme and the Delegates concurred; and the work of preparation began in February The selection for this third volume has been made entirely by the author himsel These papers were published during the years r. Warm thanks are due to the editors and publishers of the journals and other works in which they originally appeared for ready and rapid consent to their reprinting. The relatively short lapse of time since first publication has meant less work for the Editor of this volume than for E. Badian, whose task spanned forty years from None the less, there is some new evidence cited in notes here and there; and reference to the author's other publications has been added where possible, including to his Historia Augusta Papers (Oxford, 1983) and in a few cases to items published in 1982 and 1983, or 'forthcoming'. 1 References to journals have been standardised, as in vols. i-ii, on the system of L'Annee philologique (slightly modified). The use of square brackets has been kept to a minimum, and it did not seem necessary to signal minor corrections of names or references. 2 The Editor's principal task has been the compilation of the Index of Ancient Personal Names to vols. i- iii. The size of the present volume made it impossible to take over E. Badian's project of indexing Ten Studies in Tacitus and Danubian Papers as well as Roman Papers. The Editor has done the job single-handed, rather more rapidly than he would have wished. Pleas of 'festinatio' are rightly suspect (c p. rro2 n., below), but he really does share the feeling of an unknown writer of the late fourth century: 'sic perurgeo, ut respirandi non habeam facultatem' (but that person at least had, or claimed to have had, an amanuensis). That the Index has inconsistencies and gaps, 3 even within its stated compass, its compiler is only too painfully aware. Names of persons more recent than Charlemagne had to be excluded: alarm at the expansion of the enterprise demanded. And there is no index of subjects, or of passages in ancient authors. To compensate- it is hoped-entries for authors include fairly copious references to passages quoted. A few persons had to be denied 1 See the list on p. 1448, below. 2 Attention may be drawn to the list of 'Errata and corrigenda to vols i-ii' on p. 1447, below. Some inconsistencies of spelling (e.g. Seianus/Sejanus, Achaea/Achaia) have been left unchanged in this volume. 3 The 'magna nomina', particularly Caesar, Tiberius, Hadrian, Augustus, and Tacitus, are necessarily rather less comprehensively covered. A good many, but by no means all, nomina and cognomiita, discussed for their rarity or other interesting features, have been included.

4 vi Editor's Preface entry: the unknown biographer of the Caesars ('Ignotus'); the writer of what Alexander Enmann called the 'Kaisergeschichte' (KG); andfanciers will regret this-'the arch-criminal, the parent of invention and deceit' (p. 1399): the author of the HA. That this 'labor' did not seem 'in arto' or 'inglorius', but, on the contrary, was absorbing and refreshing, is due to the charms of the author's writing, and to his friendly encouragement these past twenty months. Furthermore, he assisted painstakingly with the reading of the proofs, seconded by Eric Birley, whose enthusiasm while carrying out the same task for Tacitus more than a quarter of a century ago is still a vivid memory. The proofs began to arrive, it may suitably be recalled, just after the gathering at Wolfson College to mark Sir Ronald's eightieth birthday: which will be further commemorated by Caesar AugtJstus: Seven Aspects. In the meantime, he is proceeding with The Aug11stan Aristocracy. By Roman standards his 'senectus' began twenty years ago (p. n84, below). He has already equalled Varro (p. 413, above). It is appropriate to express the hope that he will match Antonius Castor (p. 757), Romilius Pollio (p. 292), and Zocles (p. 744). Manchester, 14 September 1983 A.R.B.

5 CONTENTS VOLUME III 60. Lawyers in Government: the Case of Ulpian 863 6I. The Titulus Tiburtinus Spoletium and the Via Flaminia Danubian and Balkan Emperors Toleration and Bigotry The Crisis of 2 B.c History or Biography: the Case of Tiberius Caesar History and Language at Rome Liberty in Classical Antiquity How Gibbon Came to History La richesse des aristocraties de Betique et de Narbonnaise 977 7I. Helvetian Aristocrats The March of M.ucianus How Tacitus Wrote Annals I-ill The Enigmatic Sospes Scorpus the Charioteer Antonius Saturninus Sallust's Wife Mendacity in Velleius 'Donatus' and the Like no5 80. The patria of Juvenal n20 8I. Juvenal, Pliny, Tacitus Ummidius Quadratus, capax imperii n Problems about Janus II Some Imperatorial Salutations n The Sons of Crassus The Sons of Piso the Pontifex Minor Emendations in Pliny and Tacitus No Son for Caesar? Biographers of the Caesars Guard Prefects oftrajan and Hadrian 1276

6 viii Contents 9I. Hadrianic Proconsuls of Africa An Eccentric Patrician l 3 I The Travels of Suetonius Tranquillus The Early Tiberian Consuls Princesses and Others in Tacitus Governors Dying in Syria Fiction about Roman Jurists A Great Orator Mislaid Vibius Rufus and Vibius Rufinus Hadrian and the Vassal Princes 1436 Errata and Corrigenda to Roman Papers i-ii 1447 Recent and Forthcoming Publications of Sir Ronald Syme 1448 Index of Persons 1449