Unit 4. Vocabulary Cards. Skills Strand Grade 3. Core Knowledge Language Arts
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1 Unit 4 Vocabulary Cards Skills Strand Grade 3 Core Knowledge Language Arts
2 Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. You are free: to Share to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge Foundation made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page: Copyright 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation All Rights Reserved. Core Knowledge Language Arts, Listening & Learning, and Tell It Again! are trademarks of the Core Knowledge Foundation. Trademarks and trade names are shown in this book strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and are the property of their respective owners. References herein should not be regarded as affecting the validity of said trademarks and trade names.
3 civilization
4 civilization a group of people living together, often in cities, with the same laws, leaders and form of government, language and writing system (civilizations) Unit 4: Chapter 1
5 Etruscan
6 Etruscan a person who was part of a civilization to the north of Rome who the Romans defeated (Etruscans) Unit 4: Chapter 1
7 conquer
8 conquer to take control of something by force (conquered) Unit 4: Chapter 1
9 Mediterranean
10 Mediterranean the sea around which the Romans created their empire; an important body of water for trade, war, and transportation Unit 4: Chapter 1
11 Jesus
12 Jesus a religious teacher born in in the Palestine region of the Roman Empire, also called Jesus Christ; Christianity is based on his teachings. Unit 4: Chapter 1
13 BC/BCE
14 BC/BCE Before Christ (Jesus); Before the Christian Era or Before the Common Era Unit 4: Chapter 1
15 empire
16 empire a group of nations or territories ruled by the same leader, an emperor or empress; like a kingdom Unit 4: Chapter 2
17 historian
18 historian a person who writes about history (historians) Unit 4: Chapter 2
19 Romulus
20 Romulus one of the brothers who started Rome according to legend; He killed his brother Remus in a fight over where to build the city and then built Rome and named it after himself. Unit 4: Chapter 2
21 Remus
22 Remus one of the brothers who started Rome according to legend; He was killed by his brother Romulus in a fight over where to build the city. Unit 4: Chapter 2
23 threat
24 threat someone or something that is or may be dangerous Unit 4: Chapter 2
25 she-wolf
26 she-wolf a female wolf Unit 4: Chapter 2
27 taunt
28 taunt to tease or make someone upset by making fun of or being mean to the person Unit 4: Chapter 2
29 legendary
30 legendary well-known or stemming from an old story passed down from long ago that is usually not true Unit 4: Chapter 2
31 immortal
32 immortal able to live forever Unit 4: Chapter 3
33 Mount Olympus
34 Mount Olympus the home of the Roman gods and goddesses Unit 4: Chapter 3
35 marriage
36 marriage the committed partnership between two people to make a home and raise a family Unit 4: Chapter 3
37 trident
38 trident Neptune s magical, three pronged spear that was shaped like a fork Unit 4: Chapter 3
39 rough
40 rough not calm Unit 4: Chapter 3
41 messenger
42 messenger someone who delivers messages back and forth Unit 4: Chapter 3
43 beautiful
44 beautiful very pretty, lovely Unit 4: Chapter 3
45 mission
46 mission a very important job Unit 4: Chapter 3
47 blacksmith
48 blacksmith a person who molds hot iron into metal objects Unit 4: Chapter 4
49 shrine
50 shrine a place where people pray to or worship gods and goddesses Unit 4: Chapter 4
51 priestess
52 priestess a woman who performs special duties to honor and communicate with the gods Unit 4: Chapter 4
53 wisdom
54 wisdom knowledge and good judgment gained over time Unit 4: Chapter 4
55 satyr
56 satyr a creature who was half man, half goat and was often found with Bacchus (satyrs) Unit 4: Chapter 4
57 jealousy
58 jealousy wanting what someone else has, wanting complete attention (jealous) Unit 4: Chapter 5
59 do his mother s bidding
60 do his mother s bidding follow orders from his mother Unit 4: Chapter 5
61 prick
62 prick to make a small hole with something sharp (pricked) Unit 4: Chapter 5
63 curious
64 curious wanting to know more Unit 4: Chapter 5
65 depart
66 depart to leave Unit 4: Chapter 5
67 eager
68 eager showing great interest in something Unit 4: Chapter 6
69 confident
70 confident sure, certain Unit 4: Chapter 6
71 laugh
72 laugh to giggle or chuckle at something that is funny Unit 4: Chapter 6
73 aid
74 aid to offer help Unit 4: Chapter 6
75 underworld
76 underworld underground place where dead people s spirits go Unit 4: Chapter 6
77 beauty
78 beauty being pretty Unit 4: Chapter 6
79 pity
80 pity to feel sorry or unhappy for someone Unit 4: Chapter 6
81 ambrosia
82 ambrosia the drink of the gods; Those who drank it became immortal. Unit 4: Chapter 6
83 Damocles
84 Damocles a friend of Dionysius who wanted to be king and have Dionysius s life Unit 4: Chapter 7
85 Dionysius
86 Dionysius the king of Syracuse, a part of the Roman Empire, and friend of Damocles Unit 4: Chapter 7
87 envy
88 envy to want what someone else has (envied) Unit 4: Chapter 7
89 banquet
90 banquet a large feast to celebrate something Unit 4: Chapter 7
91 dangle
92 dangle to hang loosely (dangling) Unit 4: Chapter 7
93 conduct
94 conduct to carry out, such as an activity Unit 4: Chapter 7
95 advisor
96 advisor a person who offers advice and help Unit 4: Chapter 7
97 downfall
98 downfall a sudden fall from power Unit 4: Chapter 7
99 republic
100 republic a kind of government in which people are elected as representatives to rule Unit 4: Chapter 8
101 govern
102 govern to rule or control (governed, government) Unit 4: Chapter 8
103 tyrant
104 tyrant a ruler who is mean, harsh, and acts without regard for laws or rules Unit 4: Chapter 8
105 cruel
106 cruel mean, causing pain on purpose Unit 4: Chapter 8
107 monarchy
108 monarchy a kind of government in which a king or queen rules and selects who will rule after his/her death, usually the oldest son Unit 4: Chapter 8
109 elect
110 elect to choose through votes (elected) Unit 4: Chapter 8
111 official
112 official a person who holds an office and has authority (officials) Unit 4: Chapter 8
113 Senate
114 Senate a group of men (senators) who were elected to represent the people who voted for them and met to make decisions and pass laws for the Roman republic; American government today also has a Senate (and senators). (senators) Unit 4: Chapter 8
115 consul
116 consul one of two top officials elected to govern the Roman republic (consuls) Unit 4: Chapter 8
117 honor
118 honor a privilege or special opportunity to do something Unit 4: Chapter 8
119 democracy
120 democracy a kind of government in which people are elected as representatives freely and equally by all people of voting age Unit 4: Chapter 8
121 patrician
122 patrician a person from an old, wealthy, powerful family in the Roman republic who held government positions (patricians) Unit 4: Chapter 8
123 plebeian
124 plebeian an ordinary person who was poor and had little education or power in the Roman republic (plebeians) Unit 4: Chapter 8
125 Founding Fathers of the United States
126 Founding Fathers of the United States men who played important roles in creating the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, including John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington Unit 4: Chapter 8
127 Hannibal
128 Hannibal general from Carthage who led the fight against Rome during the Second Punic War; He won many battles but lost the war. Unit 4: Chapter 9
129 Carthage
130 Carthage city on the coast of Africa that Romans saw as a rival city (Carthaginians, Carthaginian) Unit 4: Chapter 9
131 rival
132 rival an enemy Unit 4: Chapter 9
133 Punic War
134 Punic War one of the three wars fought between the Romans and the Carthaginians over control of the Mediterranean (Punic Wars) Unit 4: Chapter 9
135 invade
136 invade to attack or enter a place in order to take control of it Unit 4: Chapter 9
137 avalanche
138 avalanche snow, ice, and rocks that suddenly fall down the side of a mountain (avalanches) Unit 4: Chapter 9
139 counter-attack
140 counter-attack a military response to an attack Unit 4: Chapter 9
141 confront
142 confront to meet face-to-face (confronted) Unit 4: Chapter 9
143 victorious
144 victorious having won a battle, war, or contest Unit 4: Chapter 9
145 Julius Caesar
146 Julius Caesar a Roman general who conquered many lands and expanded the Roman republic; After serving as a consul, he decided he did not like the way the republic was run. He became a dictator, was then seen as a threat, and was killed. Unit 4: Chapter 10
147 ransom
148 ransom money paid to free someone who has been captured or kidnapped Unit 4: Chapter 10
149 talent
150 talent a unit of measurement in ancient Rome, equal to about 71 pounds, used to measure gold and silver (talents) Unit 4: Chapter 10
151 barbarian
152 barbarian a person who is wild, sometimes violent, and does not behave the right way (barbarians) Unit 4: Chapter 10
153 establish
154 establish to gain recognition for doing something well (established) Unit 4: Chapter 10
155 revolt
156 revolt riot or revolution against a ruler or government Unit 4: Chapter 10
157 Veni, vidi, vici [wae-nee, wee-dee, wee-kee]
158 Veni, vidi, vici [wae-nee, wee-dee, wee-kee] I came, I saw, I conquered, Julius Caesar s report about his efforts in Asia Unit 4: Chapter 10
159 Latin
160 Latin the language of ancient Rome Unit 4: Chapter 10
161 Rubicon
162 Rubicon the river Julius Caesar crossed even though the Roman senators warned him not to, leading to a civil war Unit 4: Chapter 11
163 traitor
164 traitor someone who is not loyal Unit 4: Chapter 11
165 civil war
166 civil war a war between groups within the same country Unit 4: Chapter 11
167 defeat
168 defeat to win a victory over (defeated) Unit 4: Chapter 11
169 Cleopatra
170 Cleopatra the Queen of Egypt; She became queen with help from Julius Caesar. Unit 4: Chapter 11
171 dictator
172 dictator a person who rules a country with total control, often in a cruel way; A dictator is not elected. (dictators) Unit 4: Chapter 11
173 unusual
174 unusual rare Unit 4: Chapter 11
175 conspirator
176 conspirator a person who has secretly planned to do something harmful (conspirators) Unit 4: Chapter 11
177 Augustus
178 Augustus Julius Caesar s adopted son who changed ancient Rome from a republic to an empire by becoming the emperor Unit 4: Chapter 12
179 tradition
180 tradition custom (traditions) Unit 4: Chapter 12
181 reform
182 reform to change the way things are done to make them better (reformed) Unit 4: Chapter 12
183 magnificent
184 magnificent impressive and beautiful Unit 4: Chapter 12
185 reign
186 reign period of time during which a ruler is in charge Unit 4: Chapter 12
187 Pantheon
188 Pantheon a temple built to honor all of the Roman gods Unit 4: Chapter 12
189 architecture
190 architecture design or style of buildings Unit 4: Chapter 12
191 Colosseum
192 Colosseum a huge arena in Rome where people would go to watch events, mainly gladiator fights, that is one of the most recognizable buildings from the Roman Empire Unit 4: Chapter 12
193 ruins
194 ruins the remains of something that has fallen or been destroyed Unit 4: Chapter 12
195 chariot
196 chariot a cart with two wheels and no seats that is pulled by horses; The driver stands up in the cart to hold the horses reins. Unit 4: Chapter 12
197 Circus Maximus
198 Circus Maximus a large stadium where chariot races were held Unit 4: Chapter 12
199 aqueduct
200 aqueduct a stone structure built to carry water from the country into the city (aqueducts) Unit 4: Chapter 12
201 gladiator
202 gladiator a man trained to fight people and animals for entertainment, often resulting in death (gladiators) Unit 4: Chapter 13
203 crouch
204 crouch to stoop or squat (crouched) Unit 4: Chapter 13
205 vicious
206 vicious dangerous, violent, mean Unit 4: Chapter 13
207 arena
208 arena the area of a stadium where the events actually take place Unit 4: Chapter 13
209 befriend
210 befriend to become friends with (befriended) Unit 4: Chapter 13
211 emperor
212 emperor the male ruler/head of an empire Unit 4: Chapter 13
213 Christianity
214 Christianity a religion based on the teachings of Jesus (Christian) Unit 4: Chapter 15
215 miracle
216 miracle an amazing event with no explanation, believed to be an act of God (miracles) Unit 4: Chapter 15
217 subjects
218 subjects people who are ruled by a king or emperor Unit 4: Chapter 15
219 trial
220 trial a meeting in court to determine if someone has broken the law Unit 4: Chapter 15
221 divine
222 divine relating to God Unit 4: Chapter 15
223 religion
224 religion the belief in a god or many gods Unit 4: Chapter 15
225 faith
226 faith strong religious beliefs Unit 4: Chapter 15
227 Constantine
228 Constantine the Emperor who ended the war between the Romans and Christianity; the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity Unit 4: Chapter 15
229 Justinian
230 Justinian great emperor of the Eastern Empire who built the Hagia Sophia and organized laws into Justinian s Code Unit 4: Chapter 16
231 illegal
232 illegal against the law Unit 4: Chapter 16
233 Byzantium
234 Byzantium ancient city in the eastern part of the Roman Empire, later called Constantinople Unit 4: Chapter 16
235 Constantinople
236 Constantinople new name for the city of Byzantium and Constantine s favorite city, which he wanted to turn into a new Rome Unit 4: Chapter 16
237 pillar
238 pillar a column that supports a building or a supporting part of something (pillars) Unit 4: Chapter 16
239 collapse
240 collapse to suddenly fail (collapsed) Unit 4: Chapter 16
241 Western Empire
242 Western Empire the western half of the Roman Empire Unit 4: Chapter 16
243 Eastern Empire
244 Eastern Empire the eastern half of the Roman Empire Unit 4: Chapter 16
245 Hagia Sophia
246 Hagia Sophia a large Christian church with a magnificent dome built by Justinian in Constantinople Unit 4: Chapter 16
247 scholar
248 scholar a person with a lot of knowledge about a certain subject (scholars) Unit 4: Chapter 16
249 Justinian s Code
250 Justinian s Code the laws organized and published by Justinian Unit 4: Chapter 16
251 mosaic
252 mosaic art made by putting small pieces of glass or tile together to form a picture (mosaics) Unit 4: Chapter 16
253 Pompeii
254 Pompeii a city in the Roman Empire that was wiped out when Mount Vesuvius erupted Unit 4: Chapter 17
255 Mount Vesuvius
256 Mount Vesuvius a volcano that erupted in AD 79 and wiped out the city of Pompeii Unit 4: Chapter 17
257 volcano
258 volcano a mountain with openings through which melted rock, ash, and hot gases explode Unit 4: Chapter 17
259 plume
260 plume a cloud of smoke that rises into the air in a tall, thin shape Unit 4: Chapter 17
261 pumice
262 pumice gray volcanic rock Unit 4: Chapter 17
263 preserve
264 preserve to save in its original form so that it remains the same (preserved) Unit 4: Chapter 17
265 Horatius
266 Horatius a Roman soldier who became a hero by fighting the Etruscan army with two other men so that the other Romans could escape; He jumped in the river during the fight and drifted downstream to Rome. Unit 4: Chapter 18
267 hew
268 hew to cut something with a sharp tool Unit 4: Chapter 18
269 ye
270 ye old fashioned way of saying you Unit 4: Chapter 18
271 foe
272 foe an enemy Unit 4: Chapter 18
273 yon
274 yon distant Unit 4: Chapter 18
275 thou
276 thou old fashioned way of saying you Unit 4: Chapter 18
277 armor
278 armor a protective covering, usually made of metal, worn by soldiers in battle Unit 4: Chapter 18
279 valiantly
280 valiantly in a brave and courageous manner Unit 4: Chapter 18
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