THE AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK. Volume 48

Transcription

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2 HE AERICAN JEIH YEAR BOOK Volume

3 e American Jewih Year Book 0 (-) Volume Prepared by the taff of HE AERICAN JEIH COIEE Under the direction of HARRY CHNEIDERAN and JULIU B. ALLER Editor ORRI INE. Aociate Editor PHILADELPHIA HE JEIH PUBLICAION OCIEY O AERICA 0

4 COPYRIGH, BY HE JEIH PUBLICAION OCIEY O AERICA All right reerved. No part of thi book may be reproduced in any form without permiion in writing from the publiher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief paage in a review to he printed in a magazine or new paper PRINED IN HE UNIED AE O AERICA PRE O HE JEIH PUBLICAION OCIEY PHILADELPHIA. PENNA

5 PREPACK e period with which the preent volume deal, the firt year following i\ year of world war, wa o replete with event and activitie of vita! moment to Jew, epecially thoe of the European continent and Paletine, that the Editor found it neceary to devote more pace than in any preceding volume to the Review of the Year. It wa neceary, alo, to include pecial ection. One of thee deal with the problem preented to the world by the mot unfortunate urviving victim of Nazi fury, the o-called diplaced Jew. Another pecial ection deal with the effort of Great Britain and the United tate, at the uggetion of Preident Harry. ruman, to find olution for thee problem, chiefly the tranfer of 0,000 victim to Paletine. In addition, the unuual length of the chapter on international event attet to the large number of other ubject on the agenda of international dicuion or action which concerned or affected the ituation of Jew. A few fact regarding the contributor to the Review of the Year deerve mention here. In repect of chapter on the United tate ection, progre wa made in effectuating the policy of ecuring more and more the cooperation of national agencie which, becaue of concern with a particular field of community endeavor, are in poition to peak with authority regarding event and trend in thoe field. In line with thi policy, the ynagogue Council wa invited to contribute the chapter on Religiou Activitie; the National Community Relation Adviory Council, the article on Combatting Anti-emitim; and the American Zionit Emergency Council, the chapter on Zionit and Pro-Paletine Activitie. Progre wa made, alo, in effort to ecure article on Jewih life in other countrie from competent local oberver. In addition to the article on the Britih Commonwealth, Canada, and the Union of outh Africa, contributed a in pat year by uch oberver, the article on Paletine come thi year from a member of the Yihuv in the peron of i Lotta Levenohn, whoe article on the late Henrietta zold, in the preceding volume, wa o favorably

6 vi PREACE received. In thi connection, the Editor deire to expre their ene of lo in the death of Dr. Abraham Revuky, who contributed the article on Paletine annually ince. In the preceding volume, we preented an article which gave the reult until then of effort to compile the record of the participation of American Jew in the armed force of our country in orld ar II. In the preent volume, we preent a imilar article dealing with the participation of the Jew of Great Britain and Paletine in the ame truggle. It i our earnet hope that we may be.ible to include article on the war record of the Jew of Canada, the Union of outh Africa, Autralia, and New Zealand in Volume. e other two pecial article, aide from the biographical ketche, deal with normal, peacetime ubject. e article on the Jew of Canada i a tatitical analyi of the reult of the Canadian cenu of. e fact that in Canada the decennial cenu claifie the population by religion and ethnic origin make available tatitic, both abolute and relative, regarding the compoition of the Jewih population of the country which would otherwie not be available without a great deal of unofficial effort. e third pecial article, that on Yehiva Univerity, commemorate the fiftieth anniverary of the founding of Rabbi Iaac Elchanan eological eminary, around which, in le than twenty year, have grown the component part of a univerity, the firt Jewih intitution of it kind. It wa only during the pat year that the Board of Regent of the Univerity of the tate of New York conferred upon the Yehiva the tatu of a univerity. In addition to thee three article, thi volume include biographical ketche of our outtanding community leader who died during the pat year Irving Lehman, who in a ditinguihed career on the bench in New York tate attained the highet pot in the judiciary, Chief Judge of the Court of Appeal, a poition formerly graced by another eteemed Jew, Benjamin Nathan Cardozo; George Z. edalie, a leading member of the bar of New York tate whoe lamentable death came only a few month arter he had been appointed a jutice of the ame court; Harry A. Hollzer, who after ucceful ervice on the bench of California, wa honored by appointment a a judge of the United tate Ditrict Court; finally, elix

7 PREACE vii N. Geron, who held a high poition in the field of American Jewih journalim, wa a competent tranlator and erved in an adviory capacity to the Jewih Publication ociety for many year. Becaue of the preure on the limited pace, it wa neceary in thi volume to omit the greater part of the calendar material and the Index to preceding volume heretofore publihed regularly. It wa decided, alo, to publih directorie of National Jewih Organization and of Jewih Periodical in the United tate and Canada in alternate iue of the Year Book, making room for the publication of the Directory of Jewih ederation, elfare und, and Community Council in the preent and in every other iue to follow. At a critical tage in the preparation of the preent volume, the Editor were fortunate in being able to have the expert aitance of r. orri ine, formerly Aitant Editor, who had been abent for three year during which he erved in the armed force. A Aociate Editor, r. ine expedited the ubmiion of manucript, edited them, erved a liaion with the publiher, and performed all the many varied dutie involved in putting a volume of thi kind through the pre. e Editor extend to r. ine the heartfelt expreion of their grateful appreciation of hi concientiou and devoted aid. ey deire to thank, alo, the contributor of the pecial article and of the variou ection of the Review of the Year all of whom cooperated wholeheartedly in every way. ank are due, alo, to r. Roe G. tein for her paintaking and concientiou work in preparing the upplement to the Review, work which involved the reading of a great volume of ource material and the judiciou election of the comparatively mall number of item eligible for incluion. i Iva Cohen, aitant librarian of the American Jewih Committee, again prepared the very intereting and ueful American Jewih Bibliography, a virtually complete lit of the book and important pamphlet of Jewih interet, in Englih, which appeared in the United tate during the year. e Editor thank i Cohen for her competent handling of a difficult aignment. ank are due, alo, to the following peron who rendered valuable aitance in the preparation of variou ection of thi volume: r. Hyman andow, of the taff of the National Refugee ervice; i Leah Hanf. of the

8 viii PREACE taff of the Hebrew heltering and Immigrant Aid ociety; er. Johua tarr and Irael hapiro, of the Joint Ditribution Committee; r. Nathan A. Pelcovit, formerly of the taff of the American Jewih Committee; and Dr. olomon A. ineberg, r. Gerald'ine Roenfield, and i Diana Berntein, all of the taff of the American Jewih Committee. ank are due alo to i Roe A. Herzog, formerly member of the editorial taff of the Year Book, for her paintaking reading of proof. inally, the Editor wih again to expre their grateful appreciation of the cooperation of r. aurice Jacob, executive vice-preident of the Jewih Publication ociety of America, who thi year, the eleventh of hi connection with the ociety, again worked cloely and mot ympathetically with the Editor in the production of the preent volume. A thi iue i about to go to pre, there are indication that the crucial problem for Jew which have followed in the wake of the mot detructive war in hitory are approaching at leat partial olution. Along with our brethren everywhere, we pray that the coming year will ee ubtantial improvement in the wretched plight of a large ection of the remnant of European Jewry, and A wie and humane ettlement of the difficult and complex problem of bringing about a reumption of the work of etablihing in Paletine a national home for the Jewih people. New York, July,. HARRY CHNEIDERAN JULIU B. ALLER

9 CONRIBUOR EDGAR BERNEIN, journalit, correpondent of Jewih elegraphic Agency, Johanneburg, Union of outh Africa. IRAEL BRODIE, B. Litt., Rabbi; Lecturer and utor, Jew' College, London; enior Jewih Chaplain to H.. orce. ]VA COHEN, Aitant Librarian, American Jewih Committee. URIAH Z. ENGELAN, Ph.D., Director, Department of Reearch and Information, American Aociation for Jewih Education. HENRY RANKEL, Ph.D., LL.D., political analyt, writer; member of taff, oreign Affair Department, American Jewih Committee. DAVID J. GALER, Editor, Philadelphia Jewih Exponent. AURICE J. GOLDBLOO,.A., former member of taff, oreign Affair Department, American Jewih Committee; formerly Aociate Editor, Common ene. JULIU H. GREENONE, Ph.D., Principal Emeritu, Gratz College, Philadelphia, Pa.; author of e Jewih Religion, Jewih at and eat and other work. JACOB I. HAREIN, Ph.D., Head, Department of Pychology, Long Iland Univerity; Profeor of Education and Director of the Graduate chool, Yehiva Univerity. EUGENE HEVEI, Jur.D., formerly Head of the oreign rade Policy Branch of the Hungarian oreign rade Office; onetime Hungarian Commercial Attache in Rumania, and later rade Commiioner in New York. Loui KRA, B.., Executive Director, National Jewih elfare Board; member, executive committee and board of director, United ervice Organization (U..O.). JOEPH LEICH, editor, journalit; author of Yiroel; the irt Jewih Omnibu; e Golden Peacock, Anthology of Yiddih Poetry, and other work. LOA LEVENOHN, journalit and author, Jerualem, Paletine.

10 x CONRIBUOR HENRY. LEVY, Publicity Director, Union of American Hebrew Congregation. IDNEY LIKOKY, B.A., member of taff, oreign Affair Department, American Jewih Committee. HARRY L. LURIE,.A., Executive Director, Council of Jewih ederation and elfare und. EDGAR. AGNIN, D.D., Rabbi, ilhire Boulevard emple, Lo Angele, Calif. Loui INKY, Director, Religiou New ervice. AHRON OPHER,.H.L., Rabbi, Congregation Bnai Jehurun, Pateron, N. J.; A't. to the Preident, ynagogue Council of America. ELLEN PONER,.A., member of taff, Library of Jewih Information, American Jewih Committee. DAVID ROE, Pre Officer, Canadian Jewih Congre, ontreal; Author of e irt wo Year; A Record of the Jewih Pioneer on Canada' Pacific Coat, -0. Loui ROENBERC, Ph.D., Director of Reearch, Canadian Jewih Congre. PHYLLI ROENBERG, B.A. member of taff, Library of Jewih Information, American Jewih Committee. GERALDINE ROENIELD,.A., member of taff, Library of Jewih Information, American Jewih Committee. HARRY CHNEIDERAN, B.., Editor, American Jewih Year Book. BENJAIN HADRAN, Ph.D., Director of Reearch, American Zionit Emergency Council. AUEL PIEGLER,.A., Director of Information, National Community Relation Adviory Council. ROE G. EIN, B.A., member of taff, Library of Jewih Information, American Jewih Committee. JOEPH ILLEN, B.A., Executive Vice-Pre., ederation of Jewih Philanthropie of New York.

11 CALENDAR

12 CALENDAR By JULIU H. GREENONE e Jewih year conit of month, each month having or 0 day. An intercalated year ha month, an additional month, called Adar heni (econd Adar), being added between Adar and Nian. Nian, ivan, Ab, ihri, hebat, and the firt Adar (in the intercalated year) alway have 0 day; Iyar, ammuz, E'lul, ebet, Adar (in a imple year, or Adar heni in an intercalated year) alway have day each. Hehvan and Kilev ometime both have 0 day, when the year i called "perfect" {helemah, indicated by letter tp), ometime both have day each, when the year i called "defective" (Haerah, indicated by letter n), and ometime Hehvan ha day and Kilev 0 day, when the year i called "regular" (ke-idrah, indicated by the letter D). henever the month ha 0 day, the 0th day of the month i the firt New oon day of the following month, which ha two New oon day. hen the month ha only day, the following month ha only one New oon day. In order to implify the table of the Calendar for ifty Year, only one New oon day i indicated, the one which i the firt of the month. u when there are two New oon day, the econd alone i given. 0 i called 0 (r'tjyl) according to the hort ytem {p"th). It i a regular Common Year of month, abbath, day, beginning on urday, the fifth day of the week, and having the firt day of Paover on aturday, the eventh day of the week; therefore, it ign i Dn, i. e. PI for fifth, D for regular (njdd) and t for the eventh. It i the eventh year of the 0t lunar cycle of year, and the twenty-fifth year of the th olar cycle of year, ince Creation, according to the traditional Jewih reckoning.

13 ABRIDGED JEIH CALENDAR OR 0-0 (^) Holiday 0 (-) 0 (-) irt Day New Year econd Day New Year at of Gedaliah Day of Atonement irt Day abernacle econd Day abernacle... Hohana Rabba Eighth Day of eat Rejoicing of the Law New oon Hehvan, t day. New oon Hehvan, nd day. New oon Kilev, t day... New oon Kilev, nd day... irt Day Hanukkah New oon ebet, t day... New oon ebet, nd day.. at of ebet New oon hebat New Year for ree New oon Adar, t day New oon Adar, nd day.... New oon Adar heni, t day. New oon Adar heni, nd day at of Ether Purim huhan Purim New oon Nian irt Day Paover econd Day Paover eventh Day Paover Eighth Day Paover New oon Iyar, t day New oon Iyar, nd day. irty-third Day of the Omer. New oon ivan irt Day eat of eek... econd Day eat of eek. New oon ammuz, t day. New oon ammuz, nd day. at of ammu New oon Ab at of Ab New oon Elul, t day New oon Elul, nd day... Eve of New Year at oberved on following day. ur. ri. un. at. ur. ri. ed. ur. ri. ri. at. un. ed. on. ue. ur. ed. ed. ur. ri. ed. ur. ri. at. at. un. ri. at. un. on. ur. ue. un. on. ed. ur. at. ri. at. at. un. un., ept. ept. ept. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Dec., Jan. Jan. eb eb. eb. ar. ar. ar. ar. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. ay ay ay ay- June June J u l v July- July Aug. Aug. ept. * * on. ue. ed. ed. on. ue. un. on. ue. ue. ed. ur. ri. on. at. un. ue. on. on. ue. ed. ur. ri. ed. ur. ri. at. at. un. ri. at. un. on. ur. ue. un. on. ed. ur. at. ri at'. at. un. un., ept. ept. ept. ept. ept. ept. 0 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec., Jan. Jan. eb. eb. ar. ar. ar. ar. ar. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 0 ay ay ay ay June June June July July July * Aug. Aug. * ept. ept. Oct.

14 , ept. Oct. ] IHRI 0 DAY [Htl 0 Civil onth ept. 0 Oct. of the eek Jewih onth ibri " 0 ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New Year mvn»n"n '«New Year nj»h»n"n ' nai» na»,u<mn inmn rrb-ii oix at of Gedaliab "IB 0' Day of Atonement abernacle IOD '«abernacle JODt ' Ka-i wy«nn Eltfhth Day of eat min nnd» Rejoicing of the Law i'nn 'oi,rv0*n New oon jnn 0tm 'K PENAEUCHAL PORION nvpifl Gen. Num. :- Gen. Num. :l-«deut. Ex. :-; :- [Lev. JNum. :- [Afternoon: Lev. Lev. :-: Num. :- Lev. :-: Num. :- Ex. :-: Num. :- Num. :- eph. :- Num. :- eph. :- Num. :- eph. :- Num. :- eph. :- Deut. :-: Num. :-0: Deut. :-: Gen. :-: Num. :-0: en. :-: Num. :- PROPHEICAL PORION nntn I am. :-: Jer. :- Hoa. :-; Joel :- eph. Hoa. :-; icah :- /I. :-: \eph. none la. :-: Afternoon: Jonah eph. add: icah : - Zech. I King :- Ezek. :-: I King :- w:l Joh. eph. :- I. :-: eph. :-; :; : e Book of Eccleiate i read.

15 , Oct. Nov. ] HEHVAN DAY [ppn 0 Civil onth Out. 0 NO Day oftv eek Jewih onth Hehv. ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon Pin 0«m ' m» "n impid] yap lia or i'nn 'am rn^in PBNAEUCHAL PORION nvene /Gen. :-: INum. :- Gen. :-: Gen. :-: Gen. :-: Gen. :-: PROPHEICAL PORION nnobn I. I. 0:-: /II King :- \etk. :- I King :- I am. :-

16 , Nov. Dec. ) KILEV 0 DAY Ii'jDJ 0 Civil onth Nov. 0 Dec. Day of the eek Jewih onth Kilev 0 ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon pin VH /Hanukkah. ridin \eait of Dedication I'nn 'aoi ypo New oon B>in PN 'N PENAEUCHAL PORION nvun Num. :- Gen. :-: Gen. :-: Gen. :-0: Num. :- eph. :-: Num. :- epk. :- Num. :- eph. :- Gen. :-: Num. :0- /Num. :- [epk. :- Num. :-; :- PROPHEICAL PORION nnon Ho. :-: cull :-: or :-: eph. :-: Ho. :-: or :-: or Obadiab :- eph. Obad. :- Amo :-: Zech. :-:

17 , Dec., Jan. ] EBE DAY UUB 0 Civil onth Deo. 0 Jan. Day of the eek Jewih onth ebct I o g ;! : i ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon B>- n PH"n ' Lat Day of Hanukkab man mpy DIX at of ebet H mm t'nn 'am,ioni )Bp -IB Dl PENAEUCHAL PROPHEICAL PORION j PORION nven j nnan Num. :-; :- Num. :-: Gen. :-: Ex. :-; :- Gen. :-0: Ex. :-: Ex. :-: Ezek. :- /I. :-: I King :- fl. :-:; :, j [tpk. Jer. :-: Eiek. :-:

18 Jan eb. ] HEBA 0 DAY [EQiP 0 Civil onth Jan. 0 eb. A Day of the eek w Jewih onth hebat 0 ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon enn B>N to BI* naipj,rhvi \New Year for ree nrv, I'nn 'D],D'DB»B D'^pp ' )Dp IB OV New oon V\U PO '» PENAEUCHAL PORION nvttno Num. «:- Ex. :-: Ex. :-: Ex. :-: Ex. :-:; 0:- Num. :- PROPHEICAL PORION nnon Jer. :- /Judge.-j )! [epk. ;-il /I. :-:; ^:, «#*. :- /II King :- \epk. :-:

19 eb. ar. ] Civil odtb eb. ar A D»y of the eek ewih onth Adar ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon enn B»N"I ' ADAR 0 DAY nonn lit ' mxn non D at of Ether D'-IIB Purlin, eat of Ether O'llBlB huhan Purlin NB>n ' rnn 'aoi,'iip.^np'i mo 'B [OipiDl Bp ID DV PENAEUCHAL PORION nv&n Num. :- Ex. :-: Ex. :-0: Ex. :-; :- Ex. :- Ex. 0:-: /Ex. :-0: \Num. m«0 PROPHEICAL PORION nntn I King :-: II am. :- \eph. :- /I. :-: {eph. none King : \ {or )- le#*. :- /Ezek. :- \e#*. :- e Book of Ether i read, both in the evening and in the morning.

20 , ar. Apr. ] NIAN 0 DAY []D' 0 Cml onth ar. 0 April Day of the eek Jewih onth Nian 0 ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon, NP'l ennn ',»in B»«D'-naa myn at o( lrt-born Paover no H ' Paaovar nob ' f -ijnon ^in Paover Paover ndi 't PIDD 'n an noit I'nn 'D],''D» Nawoon irtnnm'k PENAEUCHAL PORION nvtin /Lev. :-: \Ex. :- Lev. :-: /Ex. :- \Num. :- Lev. :-: Num. :- Ex. :- Num. :- Ex. :-: Num. :- Ex. :- Num. :- Num. :- Num. :- Ex. :-: Num. :- Deut. :-: Num. :- L«v. :-: Num. :- PROPHEICAL PORION nnon /Ezek. :-: \eph. :-: (ai. :- or ill King :- [tth. ai. :- Joh. :-; :-:; eph. :-:; II King : (or )- : - II am. I. :-: I am. :- * e ong of ong i read.

21 ', Apr. ay ] IYAR DAY n"k 0 Civil onth April 0 of the eek Jewiel onth Iyar ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon Jnn PN ' JJd Day of Omer D'ltnp,niD 'in 'JB ridb "IDVa i"h DK ['nn 'aoi,'npna,ina op lia ov PENAEUCHAL PORION Num. :- Lev. :-: Lev. :-: Lev. :-: Lev. :-: PROPHEICAL PORION nncn II King :- famo :- or lezek. :- (or ) ]eph. Ez=k. : I (or l)- Erek. :- Jer. :-:

22 , ay June ] IVAN 0 DAY Ci-ril onth 0 June of the eek Jewih onth iran 0 ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon Pin BN myaen 'K eat of eek niyaan ' eat of eek* an IID«NB> in^yna Cnn 'am,-]v rbv Op B QV enn B>tm '«New oon PENAEUCHAL PORION nrtn Num. :- Num. :-: (Ex. :-: (Num. :- (Deut. :-: (Num. :- Num. :-: Num. :-: Num. :-: Num. :- r VD0 PROPHEICAL PORION nntjn Ho. :- Ezek. :-; : (Hab. :- \eph. :-: Judge :- Zech. :-: Joh. 'e Book of Ruth i read.

23 , June July ] AUZ DAY [IDD 0 C onth June 0 Day of the eek Jewih onth am. ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon Pin VHl ' mp npn / nana ivy nya» mx la«t of ammuz [nmil t'nn 'aaj,dnj'b ]Op -ID DV PENAEUCH AL PORION nveno Num. :- Num..-: Num. :-: Num. :-: Ex. :-; :- Num. :-0: PROPHEICAL PORION I am. :-: Judge :- icah :-: /I. :-: \eph. none Jer. :-:

24 .July Aug. ] AB 0 DAY UN 0 Civil onth Jnly " Q Xo 0 Aug. Day of the eek Jewih onth Ab 0 ABBAH, EI- VAL, A New oon in»«'vdo,nidd ]irn nap fu'i:i / inrn ato ny»n nix iat of Ab* ionina»,ijnrmi i'nn 'am,apy [Qp il ]&P B DV pin wn '«,n«i New oon PENAEUCHAI. PORION nvtn Num. :- Num. 0:-: Deut. :-: fdeut. :-0 IA'ternoon: Ex. :- ; :- Deut. :-: Deut. :-: (Deut. :-: (Num. :- e Book of Lamentation i read. PROPHEICAL PORION nnian (Jer. :-; : {eph. :-; :, I. :- orning: Jer. :-: i Afternoon: I. :-: eph. Ho. :-; icah :- I. 0.- I. :-: I.

25 ' h Au;. ept. ] ELUL DAY ['jl'rn 0 Civfl onth Aug. 0 ept. Day of the eek Jewih onth Elul ABBAH, EI- VAL, A Bnn w«m 'a New oon* D'BP un ' nirvvo? D'DO»O euhot* O' m my PENAEUCHAL PORION nvtin Num. :- Deut. :-: Deut. :-: Deut. :-: Deut. :-0: PROPHEICAL PORION I. :-: I. :- I. 0 I. :-: e ephardim ay elihot during the whole month of Elul.