The Reformation. Worship of icons and statues of saints

Transcription

1 The Refrmatin Jhn Calvin ( ) - French Lawyer/Priest - Exiled frm France Settled in Geneva - Influenced by Luther - Institutes f the Christian Religin Famus bk Appealed t reasn/lgic Mst cmprehensive explanatin f Prtestant beliefs - Thught wrld was in mral crisis - Wrried abut gd wrks Wanted t make sure that he gt int heaven - Simplicity - Rejected icnclasm - Beliefs Wrship f icns and statues f saints Similar t Luther Recgnized same abuses f church Oppsed t celibacy f clergy N mnastic rders Priests nt necessary Admired simple piety Bible = nly surce f Christian dctrine Persnal relatinship with Gd Rejected transubstantiatin Cmmunin=symblic Rejected Bishps Salvatin by electin Thse wh will be saved are picked by Gd at birth (Predestinatin) Thecratic Church shuld be in charge f state Universal, expansinist appeal Nt just Germany like Luther Puritanical apprach t life Puritans wh came t new wrld were Calvinists - Calvin s Tulip T: Ttal Depravity Man is full f sin and incapable f saving himself U: Uncnditinal electin Gd chses the elect uncnditinally, nt chsen f basis f merit, Predestinatin L: Limited Atnement Only the elect share in Christ's sacrifice I: Irresistible Grace When Gd chses t save smene, he will P: Preservatin f the Saints The elect cannt lse their elect status Spread f Calvinism - Switzerland Basel, Geneva, Zurich, Bern 1

2 - Sctland Jhn Knw/Presbyterians - France Huguents - England Puritans Fled - Hlland Puritans Frced t flee again - New Wrld Puritans Came fr religius freedm - Spread much further than Lutheranism Weber Thesis - Max Weber German Scilgist Calvinism led t develpment f Capitalism Encuraged t wrk hard and save mney Encuraged reinvesting mney Prtestant wrk ethic Calvinism and Demcracy - Never venerated the state - Self-gverning - Frmed cvenants Mayflwer Cmpact Made Cnstitutin - Prtect minrities - Emphasized hnest wrk - Rt f develpment f demcracy Other Refrmers - Zwingli Icnclast N Icns Similar t Calvin Believed that the Eucharist was a symbl Literal interpretatin f Bible Died in Battle - Anabaptists Very radical grup Refused t fit in t sciety Utpians N Taxes, N Army - Munster Anabaptists Very extremist grup Tk ver Münster Set up a thecracy New Jerusalem 2

3 Burned all bks except the Bible Killed anyne wh was nt an Anabaptist Ablished private prperty Established barter system Practiced Plygamy - Mennnites Dutch Anabaptists Pacifists Fled t New Wrld Anti-Trinitarian view f Gd One nt Three Rts f Unitarian Church The English Refrmatin Backgrund - Histry f Independence frm Rme Paved way fr refrmatin - Edward I Taxed clergy despite Ppe Bniface VIII - Statutes f Prvisrs and Praemunire Mid 14 th c. Laws passed by Parliament Curtailed payments f annates - Wycliff and the Lllards - William Tyndale Translated Bible int English Henry VIII - r Respnsible fr English Refrmatin Mre plitical than religius - Critical f Luther Wrte In Defense f the Seven Sacraments Granted title Fidei Defensr by Ppe - Catherine f Aragn married t Henry Family Spanish Daughter f Ferdinand and Isabella Aunt f Emperr Charles V First marriage t Henry s brther Arthur Marriage fr plitical alliance Special Dispensatin frm Ppe t marry Henry N male Heir Mary is nly living ffspring - Henry asks fr annulment 1527 Desire fr male heir is serius cncern 3

4 Enamred f Anne Bleyn (Amng thers) Annulment denied Rme sacked by Germans in same year Ppe is taken Prisner f Charles V Been married fr 18 years Papal dispensatin treated as wrd f Gd Slutin Act f Supremacy Makes King f England the head f the Church Cann Law under Civil Law Disslved mnasteries and cnfiscated church prperty Given t nbles in return fr supprt Church f England is frmed as Anglican Church Dctrine similar t Cathlicism Became mre prtestant under ther Tudr mnarchs - Other Marriages Anne Bleyn Pushes Henry t disslve cnnectin with Rme Bears Henry Daughter Elizabeth Fails t prduce male heir Accused f treasn Beheaded Jane Seymur Gives birth t Edward Dies in childbirth Anne f Cleves German Plitical alliance Annulled Catherine Hward Beheaded fr Adultery Catherine Parr Outlives Henry Uses psitin t further refrmatin Other Tudr Mnarchs - Edward VI r crwned at age 9 - Mary r Bldy Mary Less than 300 executed Married Philip II f Spain - Elizabeth r Kept religius beliefs t herself Did nt pry int men s suls Demanded nly lyalty Plitical unity mre imprtant than religin Plitique Lng successful reign Never married 4

5 Virgin Queen Used men fr plitical purpses Last Tudr Mnarch Church f England - Similar t Cathlic Transubstantiatin Church hierarchy and rganizatin Bishps, archbishps, etc Parishes Lavish Similar rites Clerical celibacy - Similar t Prtestants Rejected authrity f Ppe Mnarch is the head f Church Act f Supremacy Salvatin by faith alne 3 sacraments Rejected cncept f purgatry Reject cult f saints Reject mnastic rders Mnasteries disslved Services in English nt Latin 5