The 10 Non-Virtues Prepared by Ven. Sangye Khadro for teachings at Kadampa Center (Summer, 1996)

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1 The 10 Nn-Virtues Prepared by Ven. Sangye Khadr fr teachings at Kadampa Center (Summer, 1996) (Nte: this utline has been cmpiled frm varius Lam Rim bks, including Liberatin in the Palm f Yur Hand and An Anthlgy f Well-Spken Advice.) Each f the ten nn-virtuus actins has fur cmpnents r factrs. Fr the actin t be cmplete, i.e. t bring the full karmic result, all fur cmpnents must be present. These fur are: 1. The basis r bject f the actin 2. The intentin: the state f mind f the persn perfrming the actin. This has 3 parts: recgnitin, mtive and delusin 3. The deed: actually perfrming the actin 4. The final step, r cmpletin f the actin The ten nn-virtues are divided int three: three nn-virtues f bdy, fur f speech and three f mind. Three Nn-Virtues Of Bdy 1. KILLING 1. basis: a living being ther than neself 2. intentin. recgnitin: yu recgnize unmistakenly the persn r being yu intend t kill. mtive: yu intend t kill. delusin: yu are mtivated t kill ut f anger, attachment r ignrance. Fr example, ut f anger, killing an enemy r a being that annys yu; ut f attachment, killing an animal fr its meat r skin; ut f ignrance, killing an animal as a sacrifice t a wrldly gd, believing this t be virtuus. 3. deed: yu carry ut the killing by sme means, e.g. weapn, pisn, black magic, etc., either directly by yurself r indirectly by rdering smene else t kill. 4. final step: the ther persn r being dies befre yu d. 2. STEALING (TAKING WHAT IS NOT GIVEN) 1. basis: smething f value belnging t anther. 2. intentin. recgnitin: yu recgnize unmistakenly the bject t be stlen. mtive: yu intend t steal. delusin: ne f the three pisns. Fr example, ut f anger, stealing smething frm smene yu wish t hurt; ut f attachment, stealing smething yu wish t pssess; ut f ignrance, stealing r cheating, thinking that it's nt wrng. 3. deed: whatever means yu use t steal. e.g. taking the bject secretly, nt paying taxes r fees yu we, misusing dnatins, etc.; r getting smene t steal fr yu. 4. final step: yu think that the bject nw belngs t yu. The 10 Nn-Virtues page 1

2 3. SEXUAL MISCONDUCT 1. basis: fr lay peple, the basis is imprper rifice, imprper time, imprper place, r imprper partner; fr rdained peple, any kind f sexual activity is sexual miscnduct. (Sme f the Lam Rim bks say that the basis is the persn with whm yu engage in sexual miscnduct.) 2. intentin recgnitin: yu must be in n dubt that the act is sexual miscnduct. (Other LR bks: yu must have unmistaken recgnitin f the bject f yur miscnduct.) mtive: yu intend t engage in an imprper sexual act. delusin: ne f the three pisns. Fr example, ut f anger ne might rape the wife f an enemy; ut f attachment, engaging in sexual miscnduct with smene ther than ne's spuse r with smene wh's already married; ut f ignrance, cmmitting adultery thinking that it's cl, r engaging in sexual miscnduct thinking that it leads t enlightenment. 3. deed: the tw rgans cme int cntact. 4. final step: yu experience the bliss f rgasm. Fur Nn-Virtues Of Speech 4. LYING (there are many bjects f lying, but mst are included in 8: denying smething yu have seen, heard, experienced with yur ther senses, r knwn- r falsely claiming t have seen, heard, experienced with yur ther senses, r knwn, smething which yu have nt.) 1. basis: anther persn wh can understand yu, and wh can speak 2. intentin recgnitin: yu must knw that what yu are saying is untrue. mtive: yu intend t lie. delusin: ne f the three pisns. Fr example, ut f anger, lying t hurt smene r destry their reputatin; ut f attachment, lying t get smething yu want; ut f ignrance, nt thinking there's anything wrng with lying. 3. deed: cnveying the lie by sme means, e.g. speaking, writing, making a gesture with yur hand r eyes, facial expressin, remaining silent, etc. 4. final step: the ther persn understands and believes yur lie. 5. DIVISIVE SPEECH (SLANDER) 1. basis: tw r mre peple, wh have a gd r bad relatinship. 2. intentin recgnitin: yu must have unmistaken recgnitin f the parties invlved and their relatinship/feelings fr each ther. mtive: yu intend t cause divisin r disunity. delusin: ne f the three pisns. Fr example, ut f anger, creating hstility and disharmny amng peple yu dislike; ut f attachment, causing a rift between a cuple in rder t have a relatinship with ne f them; ut f ignrance, believing that disharmny is healthy, r causing disunity amng fllwers f a religin yu disagree with, believing this t be psitive. 3. deed: yu undertake either t cause disunity amng friends, r t prevent recnciliatin amng enemies, by saying smething which is either true r false. The 10 Nn-Virtues page 2

3 4. final step: the ther parties understand and believe what yu say, and, as a cnsequence, becme hstile twards each ther. 6. INSULTING WORDS (HARSH SPEECH) 1. basis: anther persn whse feelings culd be hurt (we can express insulting wrds t a nn-human being r t an inanimate bject, but the actin is cmplete nly when there's a being wh understands and is hurt by ur wrds). 2. intentin recgnitin: yu must crrectly identify the persn yu intend t insult. mtive: yu intend t speak insulting wrds. delusin: ne f the three pisns. Fr example, ut f anger, insulting smene yu dislike; ut f attachment, speaking in a harsh r rude way t be accepted by a gang, r insulting the husband ut f desire fr his wife; ut f ignrance, using abusive r rude language thinking that it's "cl" t d s, r thinking there's nthing wrng with hurting thers' feelings. 3. deed: with a negative intentin, yu speak wrds pinting ut faults, etc. in the ther persn, whether true r nt, in a hurtful manner; r yu get smene else t speak such wrds n yur behalf 4. final step: the ther persn understands and is hurt. 7. IDLE GOSSIP 1. basis: smething meaningless r insignificant, which yu treat as imprtant (it's nt necessary that anther being hears ur wrds). 2. 2) intentin recgnitin: yu believe that what yu wish t say is imprtant r meaningful, althugh it is nt. mtive: yu intend t express such wrds. delusin: ne f the three pisns. Fr example, ut f anger, chattering idly t in rder t disturb smene yu dislike wh is trying t meditate r d smething virtuus; ut f attachment, indulging in gssip r frivlus talk abut things yu are attached t, r t spend time with smene yu're attached t; ut f ignrance, thinking there's nthing wrng with spending time in idly gssiping. 3. deed: speaking withut purpse, r getting smene else t d it fr yu. 4. final step: actually expressing the wrds. Three Nn-Virtues Of Mind 8. COVETOUSNESS 1. basis: anther persn's prperty, pssessins (includes merchandise in a shp), qualities, children, etc. 2. intentin recgnitin: yu identify crrectly the bject yu cvet. mtive: yu wish t make the bject yur wn. delusin: ne f the three pisns. Fr example, ut f anger, wanting t buy smething befre smene yu dislike has a chance t buy it, r wanting t deprive yur enemy f his cherished pssessins; ut f attachment, wanting t pssess many things thinking that they will bring happiness; ut f ignrance, The 10 Nn-Virtues page 3

4 wanting t buy many things thinking that it's gd fr neself r fr the ecnmy, r as a habit r bsessin. 3. deed: the wish t pssess the bject becmes strnger. 4. final step: deciding t find a way t make the bject yur wn. (Nte: the mtive, deed, and final step are all part f ne train f thught.) 9. HARMFUL INTENT (MALICE, ILL WILL) 1. basis: anther being wh wuld be hurt if yu acted ut yur harmful thughts. 2. intentin recgnitin: yu crrectly identify the being yu wish t harm. mtive: yu wish t give harm t this being. delusin: ne f the three pisns. Fr example, ut f anger, wishing t harm smene wh has banned yu r wh yu dislike; ut f attachment, wanting t kill yur father t get yur inheritance, r t harm smene t get his pssessins; ut f ignrance, wishing t harm thers because f thinking that vilence is gd, r that yu can d whatever yu like. 3. deed: putting mre effrt int the wish t give harm, s that it grws strnger. 4. final step: yu decide t act ut yur wish and d smething harmful. 10. WRONG VIEWS 1. basis: smething that exists r is true, e.g. the law f cause and effect, the fur nble truths, etc. 2. intentin recgnitin: yu believe that yur denial f the bject is crrect (i.e. yu d nt recgnize that what yu are denying is in fact true). mtive: yu wish t deny smething that exists. delusin: ne f the three pisns. Fr example, ut f anger, because f hating smene wh hlds a crrect view, yu deny what he/she says and assert the ppsite; ut f attachment, asserting sme wrng view in rder t get smething yu desire, r t impress r gain favur frm smene in a pwerful psitin; ut f ignrance, nt understanding what is true and crrect. 3. deed: thinking abut carrying ut the repudiatin f the bject by, fr example, telling thers what yu think. 4. final step: definitely deciding t deny the bject. The 10 Nn-Virtues page 4

5 The Results Of The Ten Nn-Virtues There are 3 different results f a cmplete karma (i.e. an actin that has been cmmitted with all 4 cmpnents/factrs present): 1. Ripened result - the future rebirth state yu will experience as a result f having created a cmplete karma experiences cngruent with the cause - nce yur karma t be brn in the lwer realms has been exhausted and yu take rebirth in an upper realm, yu will have experiences similar t yur riginal actins. 2. actins cngruent with the cause - nce yur karma t be brn in the lwer realms has been exhausted and yu take rebirth in an upper realm, yu will have the instinctive tendency t cmmit the riginal actin again and again. 3. Envirnmental results - when brn in the human realm, yu will experience results f yur actins in the frm f envirnmental cnditins. 1. KILLING 1. Ripened result - rebirth in ne f the 3 lwer realms. 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - later, in a human rebirth, ne will have a shrt life, ill-health, many trubles, n success in yur activities 2. actins cngruent with the cause - yu will have the habitual desire t kill and harm thers 3. Envirnmental results - being brn in a place where there is much vilence, war, many prblems, etc. and where fd, drink and medicine have little pwer 2. STEALING 1. Ripened result - rebirth in ne f the 3 lwer realms 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - lack f wealth, pssessins and resurces; yur things will be stlen r lst. 2. actins cngruent with the cause - yu will have an instinctive tendency t steal 3. Envirnmental results - being brn in a barren place, where crps d nt grw r are destryed and there are shrtages f fd, and bitter frsts, hail, etc., and yur business ventures will fall. 3. SEXUAL MISCONDUCT 1. Ripened result - rebirth in a lwer realm 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - yu will be unable t keep relatinships with, and will have t quickly separate frm, yur spuse, family, friends, students, emplyees, etc. 2. actins cngruent with the cause - having the tendency t be unfaithful 3. Envirnmental results - having t live in a muddy r dirty place The 10 Nn-Virtues page 5

6 4. LYING 1. Ripened result - rebirth in a lwer realm 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - thers d nt believe yu, even when yu tell the truth 2. actins cngruent with the cause - having the tendency t lie and deceive thers 3. Envirnmental results - having t live amngst peple wh cheat, and yu can't find anyne yu can trust. 5. DIVISIVE SPEECH 1. Ripened result - rebirth in a lwer realm 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - being lnely, having few friends, fllwers r emplyees; having difficulty develping gd relatinships 2. actins cngruent with the cause - having the tendency t cause disunity 3. Envirnmental results - having t live in a rugged, uneven, inhspitable envirnment where cmmunicatin is difficult. 6. INSULTING WORDS 1. Ripened result - rebirth in a lwer realm 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - thers will abuse yu, and even when yu speak pleasantly, they will interpret it negatively 2. actins cngruent with the cause - having the tendency t be critical and hurtful 3. Envirnmental results - having t live in a place where there are many tree stumps, brambles, nettles, sharp rcks and thrns 7. IDLE GOSSIP 1. Ripened result - rebirth in a lwer realm 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - thers will nt take yur speech seriusly r listen t what yu have t say 2. actins cngruent with the cause - having the tendency t talk cntinuusly and fill any quiet mment with the sund f yur vice 3. Envirnmental results - having t live in a place where crps d nt grw prperly, rain falls at the wrng time and activates are nt successful 8. COVETOUSNESS 1. Ripened result - rebirth in a lwer realm 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - yu will be unable t achieve yur aims and get what yu want The 10 Nn-Virtues page 6

7 2. actins cngruent with the cause - being cntinuusly dissatisfied and grasping; yur attachment increases 3. Envirnmental results - having t live in a place where the crps are pr and material resurces are easily destryed r lst 9. HARMFUL INTENT 1. Ripened result - rebirth in a lwer realm 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - yu will be a persn wh easily becmes frightened and panicky 2. actins cngruent with the cause - having the tendency t hurt thers, yur anger and hatred increase 3. Envirnmental results - having t live in a vilent place where there is war and cntagius diseases 10. WRONG VIEWS 1. Ripened result - rebirth in a lwer realm 1. experiences cngruent with the cause - being ignrant f crrect views, and finding it difficult t develp realisatins and crrect understanding 2. actins cngruent with the cause - having the tendency t draw wrng cnclusins again and again, yur ignrance will increase 3. Envirnmental results - having t live in a place where water dries up in the wells, crps fail, etc. 1 Pabngka Rinpche said in Liberatin in the Palm f yur Hand (p. 452): "Great nn-virtues will lead t rebirth in hell; medium nn-virtues t rebirth as a hungry ghst; small nes t rebirth as an animal." The 10 Nn-Virtues page 7