Beshalach: The Road to Redemption based on The Eleventh Plague by R. Ari Kahn

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1 ח) ב) 1 Beshalach: The Road to Redemption based on The Eleventh Plague by R. Ari Kahn Source 1: Shemot Ch. 3 ) ו א ר ד ל ה צ יל ו מ י ד מ צ ר י ם ול ה ע לת ו מ ן ה א ר ץ ה ה וא א ל א ר ץ ט וב ה ור ח ב ה א ל א ר ץ ז ב ת ח ל ב וד ב ש א ל מ ק ום ה כ נ ע נ י ו ה ח ת י ו ה א מ ר י ו ה פ ר ז י ו ה ח ו י ו ה י ב וס י: )יב( ו י אמ ר כ י א ה י ה ע מ ך ו ז ה ל ך ה א ות כ י א נ כ י ש ל ח ת י ך ב ה וצ יא ך א ת ה ע ם מ מ צ ר י ם ת ע ב ד ון א ת ה א לה ים ע ל ה ה ר ה ז ה I will come down (or, I am descending) to rescue them from the grip of Egypt and bring them up out of that land to a good, spacious land, to a land flowing with milk and honey, the territory of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Yevusites.3:12 'Because I will be with you,' replied [God]. 'And this will be the sign that I have sent you: When you take the People out of Egypt you will all then serve God on this mountain.' How are we to view the events of the splitting of the Sea? Is it the conclusion of Yetziat Mizraim, or is it the prelude to the giving of the Torah? Two elements to Har Sinai: Revelation Content of the Revelation Two elements at Yam Suf: Punishment of the Egyptians Revelation for B nai Yisrael Source 2: Shemot Ch. 15 & Rashi ) ע ז י ו ז מ ר ת י ה ו יה י ל י ל י ש וע ה ז ה א ל י ו א נ ו ה ו א לה י א ב י ו א ר מ מ נ ה ו My strength and song is God And this is my deliverance; This is my God, I will enshrine Him, My father's God and I will exalt Him. Rashi זה אלי - בכבודו נגלה עליהם והיו מראין אותו באצבע ראתה שפחה על הים מה שלא ראו נביאים This is my God He was revealed to them in His glory, and they saw and pointed to Him with their own finger. A maidservant at the [splitting of the] sea saw what the prophets did not see

2 ג) כ) ) ה א י ש מ ל ח מ ה ה ש מ ו God is the Master of war, God is His name. 2 Source 3: Shemot Ch.13 )יז( ו י ה י ב ש ל ח פ ר ע ה א ת ה ע ם ו ל א נ ח ם א לה ים ד ר ך א ר ץ פ ל ש ת ים כ י ק ר וב ה וא כ י א מ ר א לה ים פ ן י נ ח ם ה ע ם ב ר א ת ם מ ל ח מ ה ו ש ב ו מ צ ר י מ ה: )יח( ו י ס ב א לה ים א ת ה ע ם ד ר ך ה מ ד ב ר י ם ס וף ו ח מ ש ים ע ל ו ב נ י י ש ר א ל מ א ר ץ מ צ ר י ם: )יט( ו י ק ח מ ש ה א ת ע צ מ ות י וס ף ע מ ו כ י ה ש ב ע ה ש ב י ע א ת ב נ י י ש ר א ל ל אמ ר פ ק ד י פ ק ד א לה ים א ת כ ם ו ה ע ל ית ם א ת ע צ מ ת י מ ז ה א ת כ ם: 13:17 When Pharaoh let the people leave, God did not lead them via the Philistine land, although it was the shorter route. God's consideration was that if the people encountered armed resistance, they would lose heart and return to Egypt. 13:18 God therefore made the people take a roundabout path, by way of the desert to the Red Sea. And the Israelites were armed when they left Egypt.13:19 Moshe took Yosef's remains with him, for Yosef had bound the Israelites by an oath: 'God will grant you special providence, and you must then bring my remains out of here with you.' ) ו י ס ע ו מ ס כ ת ו י ח נ ו ב א ת ם ב ק צ ה ה מ ד ב ר: )כא( וה ה ל ך ל פ נ יה ם י ומ ם ב ע מ וד ע נ ן ל נ ח ת ם ה ד ר ך ו ל י ל ה ב ע מ וד א ש ל ה א יר לה ם ל ל כ ת י ומ ם ו ל י ל ה: :)כב( ל א י מ י ש ע מ וד ה ע נ ן י ומ ם ו ע מ וד ה א ש ל י ל ה ל פ נ י ה ע ם 13:20 [The Israelites] moved on from Sukkot, and they camped in Etam, at the edge of the desert. 13:21 God went before them by day with a pillar of cloud, to guide them along the way, and by night with a pillar of fire, providing them with light so they could travel day and night. 13:22 The pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire at night never left [their position] in front of the people.

3 ט) 3 Source 4: Shemot Ch. 33 ) ו ה י ה כ ב א מ ש ה ה א ה ל ה י ר ד ע מ וד ה ע נ ן ו ע מ ד פ ת ח ה א ה ל ו ד ב ר ע ם מ ש ה: )י( ו ר א ה כ ל ה ע ם א ת ע מ וד ה ע נ ן ע מ ד פ ת ח ה א ה ל ו ק ם כ ל ה ע ם ו ה ש ת ח ו ו א י ש פ ת ח א ה ל ו: )יא( ו ד ב ר ה א ל מ ש ה פ נ ים א ל פ נ ים כ א ש ר י ד ב ר א י ש א ל ר ע ה ו ו ש ב א ל ה מ ח נ ה ומ ש ר ת ו י ה ו ש ע ב ן נ ון נ ע ר ל א י מ י ש מ ת ו ך ה א ה ל: 33:9 When Moshe went into the tent, the pillar of cloud would descend and stand at the tent's entrance, and [God] would speak to Moshe. 33:10 When the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the tent's entrance, the people would rise, and each one would bow down at the entrance of his tent. 33:11 God would speak to Moshe face to face, just as a person speaks to a close friend. [Moshe] would then return to the camp. But his aid, the young man, Joshua son of Nun, did not leave the tent. Source 5: Shemot Ch. 19 Matan Torah ז ו י ה י ב י ום ה ש ל יש י ב ה י ת ה ב ק ר, ו י ה י ק לת וב רק ים ו ע נ ן כ ב ד ע ל- ה ה ר, ו ק ל ש פר, חזק מ א ד; ו י ח ר ד כל-העם, א ש ר ב מ ח נ ה. Source 6a: Shemot Ch. 15 )כב( ו י ס ע מ ש ה א ת י ש ר א ל מ י ם ס וף ו י צ א ו א ל מ ד ב ר ש ור ו י ל כ ו ש ל ש ת י מ ים ב מ ד ב ר ו ל א מ צ א ו מ י ם: )כג( ו י ב א ו מ ר ת ה ו ל א י כ ל ו ל ש ת ת מ י ם מ מ ר ה כ י מ ר ים ה ם ע ל כ ן ק ר א ש מ ה מ ר ה: )כד( ו י לנ ו ה ע ם ע ל מ ש ה ל אמ ר מ ה נ ש ת ה: )כה( ו י צ ע ק א ל ה ו י ור ה ו ה ע ץ ו י ש ל ך א ל ה מ י ם ו י מ ת ק ו ה מ י ם ש ם ש ם ל ו ח ק ומ ש פ ט ו ש ם נ ס ה ו: 15:22 Moshe led the Israelites away from the Red Sea, and they went out into the Shur Desert. They traveled for three days in the desert without finding any water. 15:23 Finally, they came to Marah, but they could not drink any water there. The water was bitter (marah), and that was why the place was called Marah. 15:24 The people complained to Moshe. 'What shall we drink?' they demanded. 15:25 [Moshe] cried out to God, and He instructed him [regarding]

4 4 a certain tree. [Moshe] threw it into the water, and the water became drinkable. It was here that he was given law and statute, and here he was tested (uplifted). What happened at Marah? 6b) Rashi: )כה( שם שם לו - במרה נתן להם מקצת פרשיות של תורה שיתעסקו בהם שבת ופרה אדומה ודינין )סנהדרין מ(: At Marah, they were given some of the halachot of the Torah to be involved with: Shabbat, the Red Heifer, and monetary laws Rav Ari Kahn:.The thirst for continued revelation This reading of the verse associates water with Torah. Yet the text remains somewhat impenetrable: The water they found was bitter, and became sweet after God s instructions were followed. The Zohar draws a parallel to the bitter waters used to test woman suspected of infidelity. According to the Zohar, the very foundations of Jewish life had been shaken by the servitude in Egypt. A cloud of suspicion hung over the community, as husbands and wives suspected their spouses of sexual misconduct as a means of personal survival during the period of their slavery. The atmosphere of mistrust and guilt was paralyzing, embittering. At Marah, the bitter waters of the sotah ritual were administered to all of the people, and they emerged with a clean bill of spiritual health. What began as a ritual of blame and suspicion gave way to reconciliation, rapprochement, family and communal healing and unity. The water was sweetened, and the first precepts of Torah were received. Here, too, a spiritual corridor is created, moving the People from punishment to confirmation, from jealousy and distrust to a highly personal understanding of Torah law as the Word of God, from personal and communal estrangement to a unique perception of God s involvement in personal and national history. This transformation had to take place on their way to Sinai, for in order to receive the Torah, unity is required. When they stand at Sinai, the Jewish People stand as one. The core of this unity is the Jewish family. Suspicion and jealousy are contrary to the atmosphere needed for the Torah to be brought down from heaven

5 ב) א) י) 5 Source 7a) Shemot Ch. 19 ) ו י ס ע ו מ ר פ יד ים ה ה ר: ו י ב א ו מ ד ב ר ס ינ י ו י ח נ ו ב מ ד ב ר ו י ח ן ש ם י ש ר א ל נ ג ד 19:2 They departed from Rephidim and arrived in the Sinai Desert, camping in the wilderness. And Israel (literally, he singular form) camped opposite the mountain. b) Rashi: ויחן שם ישראל - כאיש אחד בלב אחד אבל שאר כל החניות בתרעומות ובמחלוקת )מכילתא(: And Israel camped there: As one man with one heart. But in their other places of encampment, there was argument and discord Compare this terminology to Rashi on c) Shemot Ch. 14: ) ופ ר ע ה ה ק ר יב ו י ש א ו ב נ י י ש ר א ל א ת ע ינ יה ם ו ה נ ה מ צ ר י ם נ ס ע א ח ר יה ם ו י יר א ו מ א ד ו י צ ע ק ו ב נ י י ש ר א ל אל ה': 14:10 And Pharoh drew near, and the Israelites looked up and saw Egypt riding after them, and they became very frightened and the Children of Israel screamed to God. נוסע אחריהם - בלב אחד כאיש אחד. d) Rashi: Riding after them : With one heart as one man. Source 8a) : Shemot Ch. 14 ) ו י ד ב ר ה א ל מ ש ה ל אמ ר: )ב( ד ב ר א ל ב נ י י ש ר א ל ו י ש ב ו ו י ח נ ו ל פ נ י פ י ה ח יר ת ב ין מ ג ד ל וב ין ה י ם ל פ נ י ב ע ל צ פ ן נ כ ח ו ת ח נ ו ע ל ה י ם: )ג( ו א מ ר פ ר ע ה ל ב נ י י ש ר א ל נ ב כ ים ה ם ב א ר ץ ס ג ר ע ל יה ם ה מ ד ב ר:

6 6 14:1 God spoke to Moshe, saying, 14:2 'Speak to the Israelites and tell them to turn back and camp before Pi hahirot (Freedom Valley?), between Migdol (Tower?) and the sea, facing Ba al Zefon (Lord-of-the-North?). Camp opposite it, near the sea. 14:3 Pharaoh will then say to (i.e., regarding) the Israelites They are lost in the area and trapped in the desert. b) Rashi ויחנו לפניפי החירות - )מכילתא( הוא פיתום ועכשיו נקרא פי החירות על שם שנעשו בני חורין והם שני סלעים גבוהים זקופים והגיא שביניהם קרוי פי הסלעים: [Pi hahirot] is Pitom, and at this point it is called Pi hahirot because here the Israelites became free men. They are two tall upright rocks, and the canyon between them is called the mouth of the rocks. חרות על הלוחות לפני בעל צפן - הוא נשאר מכל אלהי מצרים, כדי להטעותן, שיאמרו קשה יראתן. ועליו פירש איוב )איוב יב כג( משגיא לגוים ויאבדם: Before Baal Tzafon: For he was the last remaining god of Egypt, so as to mislead the Egyptians so that they should say their deity is durable. Regarding this (continued existence of Baal Tzafon), Job explained, He leads nations astray and He destroys them. Source 9: Mechilta, Beshalach וישובו ויחנו לפני פי החירות. מה חירות הללו לא היו משופעות אלא גדודיות ולא היו תרוטות אלא מוקפות ולא היו עגולות אלא מרובעות ולא היו מעשה אדם אלא מעשה שמים ועיני' היו להם לפותחו' כמן זכר וכמן נקיבה היו דברי רבי אליעזר. רבי יהושע אומר החירות מצד זה ומגדול מצד זה הים לפניה' ומצרים לאחריה'. דבר אחר פי החירות אין חירות אלא מקום חירותן של ישראל מקום מובחר להם מקום עבודה זרה שלהם. לשעבר היתה נקראת פיתום שנאמר שמות א' ויבן ערי מסכנות לפרעה את פיתום ואת רעמסס חזרו להם להקראת פי החירות שהיא מאחרת לעובדיה. It is no accident that the enslavement of the Jews took place in Egypt. Egypt was more than just a superpower in that era; it was the epicenter of immorality. Sinking to the 49th level of impurity is not surprising in a place like Egypt. Time and again, the Torah

7 ג) ח:) 7 enjoins us not to follow the practices of Egypt.[8] Egypt was a place of sexual depravity, as far back as our ancestors experience reaches: In our first visit to Egypt, Sarah is wrested from Avraham. In the next visit, the wife of Potiphar throws herself at Yosef; Talmudic tradition teaches that Potiphar himself had designs on Yosef[9] (which may explain why Potiphar s wife was lonely and forlorn). Source 10: Vayikra Ch. 18 ) כ מ ע ש ה א ר ץ מ צ ר י ם א ש ר י ש ב ת ם ב ה ל א ת ע ש ו וכ מ ע ש ה א ר ץ כ נ ע ן א ש ר א נ י מ ב יא א ת כ ם ש מ ה ל א ת ע ש ו וב ח ק ת יה ם ל א ת ל כ ו: 18:3 Do not follow the ways of Egypt where you once lived, nor of Canaan, where I am bringing you. Do not follow [any] of their customs. Source 11: Sifra Acharei Mot ח( אי כמעשה ארץ מצרים וכמעשה ארץ כנען לא תעשו יכול לא יבנו בניינים ולא יטעו נטיעות כמותם תלמוד לומר ובחוקותיהם לא תלכו לא אמרתי אלא בחוקים החקוקים להם ולאבותיהם ולאבות אבותיהם. ומה היו עושים האיש נושא לאיש והאשהלאשה האיש נושאאשה ובתה והאשה ניסת לשנים לכך אמר ובחוקותיהם לא תלכו: This observation brings us full circle, back to the beginning of the parsha. When they left Egypt, the Jews were armed ; they thought they were ready for battle.. Source 12: Shemot Ch.17 ו י ס ע ו כ ל ע ד ת ב נ י י ש ר א ל מ מ ד ב ר ס ין ל מ ס ע יה ם ע ל פ י ד' ו י ח נ ו ב ר פ יד ים ו א ין מ י ם ל ש ת ת ה ע ם ו י צ מ א ש ם ה ע ם ל מ י ם ו י ל ן ה ע ם ע ל מ ש ה ו י אמ ר ל מ ה ז ה ה ע ל ית נ ו מ מ צ ר י ם ל ה מ ית א ת י ו א ת ב נ י ו א ת מ ק נ י ב צ מ א...)ז( ו י ק ר א ש ם ה מ ק ום מ ס ה ומ ר יב ה ע ל ר יב ב נ י י ש ר א ל ו ע ל נ ס ת ם א ת ד' ל אמ ר ה י ש ד ב ק ר ב נ ו א ם א י ן ) ו י ב א ע מ ל ק ו י ל ח ם ע ם י ש ר א ל ב ר פ יד ם: And all the congregation of the People of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, in their journeys according to the commandment of God, and camped in Rephidim; and there was no water for the people to drink.3. And the people thirsted there for water; and the people murmured against Moshe, and said, Why have you brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? 7. And he called the name of the place Massah u Merivah, because of the quarrel of the People of Israel, and because they tested God,

8 8 saying, Is God among us, or not? 8. Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim. In Moshe s retrospective of this episode, in Devarim, we are offered further insight into the mindset of the people. The feeling that God might not be with them, which precipitates the attack, is projected onto Amalek: Source 13a) Devarim Ch. 25 )יז( ז כ ור א ת א ש ר ע ש ה ל ך ע מ ל ק ב ד ר ך ב צ את כ ם מ מ צ ר י ם: )יח( א ש ר ק ר ך ב ד ר ך ו י ז נ ב ב ך כ ל ה נ ח ש ל ים א ח ר י ך ו א ת ה ע י ף ו י ג ע ו ל א י ר א א לה ים: )יט( ו ה י ה ב ה נ י ח ד א לה י ך ל ך מ כ ל א י ב י ך מ ס ב יב ב א ר ץ א ש ר ד א לה י ך נ ת ן ל ך נ ח ל ה ל ר ש ת ה ת מ ח ה א ת ז כ ר ע מ ל ק מ ת ח ת ה ש מ י ם ל א ת ש כ ח: 17. Remember what Amalek did to you by the way, when you came out of Egypt; 18. How he happened upon you by the way, and struck at your rear, all who were feeble behind you, when you were faint and weary; and did not fear God. 19. Therefore it shall be, when the Lord your God has given you rest from all your enemies around, in the land which the Lord your God gives you for an inheritance to possess, that you shall blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven; you shall not forget. 13b) Rashi )יח( אשר קרך בדרך - לשון מקרה. דבר אחר לשון קרי וטומאה, שהיה מטמאן אחר לשון קור וחום, צננך והפשירך מרתיחתך, במשכב זכור. דבר One is from the word kar, meaning cold - The second interpretation of korcha is related to happenstance, from the word mikreh: Amalek happened upon them. The Jews began to see the world as happenstance - The third interpretation is from the word keri, which means a seminal emission. This is based on a Midrash which teaches that Amalek s attack included deviant sexual practice, which culminated in mutilation of the male organ. ויזנב בך - מכת זנב, חותך מילות וזורק כלפי מעלה: כל הנחשלים אחריך - חסרי כח מחמת חטאם, שהיה הענן פולטן: Stragglers among (va-yezaneiv becha)... he severed the place of circumcision, and threw it towards Heaven.

9 9 Rashi is quoting the Midrash Tanchuma that plays on the word "va-yezaneiv becha" which can mean the "tail-end of you," referring either to the stragglers, or the place of Brit Milah. What did Moshe take with him upon leaving Egypt? Source 14 Bereishit Ch. 39 )יב( ו ת ת פ ש ה ו ב ב ג ד ו ל אמ ר ש כ ב ה ע מ י ו י ע ז ב ב ג ד ו ב י ד ה ו י נ ס ו י צ א ה ח וצ ה: She grabbed him by his cloak. 'Lie with me!' she pleaded. Leaving his cloak in her hand, he fled and ran outside. Source 15 Tehilim Ch. 104 ה י ם ר א ה ו י נ ס ה י ר ד ן י ס ב ל א ח ור: The sea saw it, and fled; the Jordan was driven back. Yalkut Shimoni Ch. 39 connects the two! ותתפשהו בבגדו וג' וינס ויצא החוצה. קפץ בזכות אבות כד"א ויוצא אותו החוצה. שמעון איש קטרון אומר בזכות עצמותיו של יוסף קרעהים.לפני ישראל שנאמר הים ראה וינוס בזכות וינס ויצא החוצה R. Kahn: Just as Yosef fled the grasp of Mrs. Potiphar, the sea fled at the sight of Yosef s remains, receding and exposing a dry path for the Jews. This is not some sort of magical response to the remains of Yosef. The impact Yosef s spiritual identity still had on the community is what turned the tide literally and figuratively. Yosef left an invaluable spiritual legacy behind: He displayed tremendous spiritual fortitude in the various unenviable situations in which he found himself after being sold into slavery. This was the path from Egypt to Sinai. It was paved with liberation, revelation, and transformation.

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