HISTORY OF ISLAM. Muhammed is God s prophet. Despite different beliefs, Islam wastolerant of other religions, such as Jews and Christians.

Transcription

1 ISLAM & JUDAISM

2 MAP

3 HISTORY OF ISLAM Islam means peace through submission to the will of Allah. Those who practice the religion are called Muslims. There is only one God, Allah. Allah was symbolized by a sacred stone, and each tribe has its own stone, the Black Stone. Muhammed is God s prophet. Despite different beliefs, Islam wastolerant of other religions, such as Jews and Christians. Theyrecognized these different religions due to their use of script.

4 WHAT IS THE BLACK STONE AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

5 QURAN The Quran is the Holy Book of Islam. The Quran contains the ethical guidelines and laws by which the followers of Allah are to live. It consists of 114 chapters and is the sacred book of Islam. It reflects that Arab culture from where it derived. To this day, it continues to guide modern-day Muslims throughout the world.

6 MUHAMMAD Muhammad is considered the God s prophet. His wife, became the first covert to Islam. When the people of Mecca rejected Muhammad s revelations, he went to Madinah. The initial spread of Islam into Madinah was successful and formed the first community of practicing Muslims. Muhammad became a political and religious leader. In A.D. 630, Muhammad returned to Mecca with an army of 10,000 men and the city surrendered, converting to Islam.

7 TEACHINGS & TRADITIONS Monotheistic Religion Allah is considered the all-powerful being who created the universe and everything in it. Islam Teachings Religious Traditions Emphasizes salvation Offers hope of the afterlife. Believe that its first preacher was not divine. Five Pillars of Islam Muslims central act of worship. Belief: there is no deity but the one God and Muhammad as the messenger Prayer: they pray 5 times a day Charity: they give part of their wealth to the poor Fasting: during Ramadan, they refrain from food and drink from dawn to sunset Pilgrimage: expected to make pilgrimage to Makkah at least once in their lifetime

8 WHAT WAS THE QURAN? A. B. C. D. A Book of Prayers Holy Book of Islam Historical Text A Law Code drawn up by Muslim scholars [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

9 WHAT WAS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CITY OF MAKKAH (MECCA) TO EARLY ISLAM? A. B. C. D. It was a sacred shrine. It was a curse to pray to Makkah. It was a Holy Temple in Rome. Converted to Islam by Muhammad, Muslims today are encouraged to make pilgrimage to Makkah once in their lifetime. [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

10 SUNNI & SHIA Sunni Shia Muslims that accepted only the descendants of Ali as true rulers of Islam. The Sunni s are a majority in the Muslim world. Muslims that did not all agree with Umayyad rule but accepted the Umayyads as caliphs. (Caliph religious and political successor to Muhammad.) Most of the people in Iraq and neighboring Iran consider themselves to be Shia. The political split between the two led to the development of two branches of Muslims that persist to the present.

11 SHARI A LAW After Muhammad s death, Muslim scholars developed a law code known as the shari ah. It provided believers with a set of laws to regulate their daily lives. It based on different scholar interpretations of the Quran. It regulates all aspects of Muslim life. The shari ah does not separate religious matters from civil or political law.

12 BACKGROUND OF JUDAISM Believe that God is all powerful, all knowing and present everywhere. God created nature but is not identified with it. Judaism is a monotheistic religion and is considered the first major religion to believe in one God.

13 HISTORY OF JUDAISM Judaism s history traces back to God s call to Abraham and the revelation of Torah to Moses at Mount Sinai. They believe they have a covenant with God. Over time, Judaism has separated in to branches: Orthodox, Reform, Conservative, and Reconstructionist.

14 WHAT WERE THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM? A. B. C. D. [Option 1] [Option 2] [Option 3] [Option 4] [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

15 WHAT TYPE OF RELIGION IS JUDAISM? A. B. C. Polytheistic Eastern Orthodox Monotheistic [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

16 JEWISH LEGAL LAWS The covenant. Torah Judaism s foundational set of precepts. The most famous laws of the Torah is the Ten Commandments. Ten Commandments Established both religious and moral rules. It required Israelites to worship only their God and not the gods of other people. The legal ideas had significant impact on the development of law in western civilizations. The laws in the Ten Commandments had a major impact on future legal codes, especially because of their influence on the development of Christianity. It also helped shape political systems in the Western World.

17 JEWISH PROPHETS Jews believed that God sent religious teachers, or prophets, to serve as his voice to his people. Concept of social justice The Israelites believed in caring for the poor and unfortunate, which has influenced other cultures throughout the world over time. Belief in God and their convent relationship, separated them from other people. They did not accept other gods from their conquerors or neighbors.

18 WHAT WERE THE JEWISH LEGAL LAWS CALLED?