10/4/2018. Big Idea. Judaism emerges in the Fertile Crescent. Essential Question. What are the beliefs of Judaism?

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1 Big Idea Judaism emerges in the Fertile Crescent. Essential Question What are the beliefs of Judaism? 1

2 Aim Describe the beliefs of Judaism. 2

3 Let s Set The Stage The present-day nation of Israel lies at the far western end of the Fertile Crescent, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. About 4,000 years ago, the ancient Israelites developed the religion of Judaism, which became a defining feature of their culture. Today, Judaism is one of the world s major faiths. The Israelites were a group of people who lived in Middle East. They established a kingdom starting around 1000 BCE that lasted until it was conquered by the Assyrian empire in 722 BCE. The Israelites were the first people to practice a religion that became known as Judaism. The Israelites 3

4 Most civilizations in the Middle East at the time of the Ancient Israel were polytheistic religions. Judaism was the first monotheistic religion (belief in one god). Religion The Israelites believed in an all-knowing, all-powerful god who was present everywhere. Each event in their history reflected God s plan for the people of Israel. As a result, they recorded events and laws in the Torah, their most sacred text. The Israelites 4

5 According to the Torah, a man named Abraham lived near Ur in Mesopotamia. Migration to Canaan About 2000 B.C., he and his family migrated to a region called Canaan. Abraham is considered the father of Judaism and the Israelite people. Migration to Canaan 5

6 The Israelites believed that God had made a covenant (promise or agreement) with Abraham. Abraham The promise included a nation for him and the Israelites. Abraham 6

7 A famine forced the Israelites to migrate to Egypt. In Egypt, they became slaves to the pharaoh. The Jews In Egypt The Israelites escaped from Egypt to Canaan in what is called the Exodus. The Exodus 7

8 The Exodus was led by Moses, who is said to have parted the Red Sea to help the Israelites escape. Moses By 1000 B.C., the Israelites had set up the kingdom of Israel. Israel 8

9 From early times, the concept of law was important to the Israelites. The Torah includes many laws and is often referred to as the Books of the Law. Judaism Some of the laws deal with everyday matters such as cleanliness, food preparation and criminal acts. The Torah also establishes moral principles (behaving the correct way in society - honest). Judaism 9

10 At the heart of Judaism are the Ten Commandments, a set of laws that Jews believe God gave to them through Moses. Ten Commandments 10

11 Throughout the history of the Israelites, the Kingdom of Israel was conquered. Each time Israel was conquered, the Israelites or Jews were exiled (forced to leave) Israel. Diaspora The exile of the Jews over a 500 year period from Israel is called the Diaspora (spreading of Jewish people). Diaspora 11

12 Today, Judaism is considered a major world religion. It has influenced both Christianity and Islam, two other monotheistic faiths that also arose in the Middle East. Judaism, Christianity and Islam all teach the importance of living a ethical and moral life (behaving the right way in society honest) which was developed by the Israelites. Influence of Judaism Essential Question Answered What are the beliefs of Judaism? The Israelites were a group of people who lived in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East. They established a kingdom starting around 1000 BCE. The Israelites practiced Judaism. Judaism was the first monotheistic religion (belief in one god). 12

13 Essential Question Answered What are the beliefs of Judaism? The Israelites recorded their history and laws in the Torah, their most sacred text. The Torah includes many laws and is often referred to as the Books of the Law. The Torah establishes moral principles (behaving the correct way in society - honest). Essential Question Answered What are the beliefs of Judaism? At the heart of Judaism are the Ten Commandments, a set of laws that Jews believe God gave to them through Moses. Judaism is considered a major world religion. It has influenced both Christianity and Islam, two other monotheistic faiths that also arose in the Middle East. 13

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