Chapter 2. Follow along with your guided notes!

Transcription

1 Chapter 2 Follow along with your guided notes!

2 Section 1 Democracy, Nationalism, and Sectionalism The Rise of Andrew Jackson Jacksonian Democracy New state constitutions to increase voter turnout Ties are decided by the House of Representatives Adams v. Jackson 1824 Spoils system is removed Indian Removal Indians learned to adapt Clashes between federal and state governments increased Indian Removal Act of 1830 Trail of Tears (1838)

3 Section 1 Cont d The Nullification Crisis Nullification becomes a heated debate and secession becomes an option for the South Economic Woes Renewal of National Bank is vetoed by Jackson Whig Party forms to oust Jackson in 1832 Jackson withdraws federal funding Panic of 1837 leads to revival of the Whig Party Harrison is president for a month Tyler restores the Bank

4 Section 2 Religion and Reform The Second Great Awakening Begun by Protestants Outdoor services Charles Grandison Finney most influential Church attendance skyrockets New churches form Religious Conflicts Mormons, Catholics, and Jews faced major discrimination Question of separation of Church and state arises The Reforming Spirit Dortohea Dix: championed care for mentally ill Temperance movement = control use of liquor Horrace Mann = improve EDUCATION!!

5 Section 3 The Antislavery Movement Life Under Slavery Poor treatment and basic needs not met. Resistance led by Nat Turner in 1831, it failed but it was a start Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman The Fight Against Slavery Abolitionists gain recognition William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator Frederick Douglass voice for the movement, newspaper: The North Star Angelina and Sarah Grimke: moved to join the fight Henry David Thoreau: imprisoned for refusing to pay a slave tax, wrote: Civil Disobedience

6 Section 3 Cont d Opposing Abolition Southerners: Refused to spread abolitionist newspapers in the south Slavery was inevitable Northerners: Without slavery, job competition would increase Cotton supply would be reduced Dividing the Nation: Gag Rule Congress can t discuss it

7 Section 4 The Women s Movement Women Work for Change Leaders: Dorothea Dix, Emma Willard Encouraged Temperance Movement Sojournor Truth Abolitionist speaker Increase in work and wages Labor unions Women Fight for Rights 1830s: mainly hired as house cleaners Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Lead by: Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Adopted Declaration of Sentiments Women s Rights Movement Susan B. Anthony - suffrage

8 Section 5 Manifest Destiny Looking Westward Expansionists: desired territorial growth John L. O Sullivan Manifest Destiny Merchant travels expand to places like: the Great Plains to New Mexico The Rockies Great Salt Lake to California Oregon Trail: Marcus and Narcissa Whitman--murdered The Journey Westward Wagon Caravans = dangers abound such as.? Government aided expansion through the 1851 Treaty of Fort Larmarie what was the issue with this? Finding Refuge Brigham Young leads Mormons to Great Salt Lake (Utah)

9 Section 5 Cont d. Texas Wins Independence Americans migrate to Texas (1820s) under certain rules and requirements 1835: Anglo-Texans out number Tejanos (Mexican Texans) Texan Revolt: 1836 Santa Ana attacks the Alamo Sam Houston led forces against Santa Ana Remember the Alamo President Jackson: Yes Annexation Congress (Northern): No Annexation

10 Section 5 Cont d. The Mexican-American War James K. Polk (1844) = favored annexation Gained: Oregon and Washington State 1845: Texas is annexed as a slave state Gen. Taylor occupies contested land between the Nueces River to the Rio Grande Mexican-American War= one-sided war Mexicans were unprepared and technologically behind The Aftermath of War Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 Gadsden Purchase 1853 California Gold Rush 1849 What were the causes and effects of the Treaty, Purchase, and Gold Rush?

11 Chapter 3

12 Section 1 Slavery Divides the Nation Should new states be added as slave or free states? Wilmot Proviso causes tempers to flare Northern v. Southern views The election of different parties: Whigs- Zachary Taylor Democrats- Gov. Lewis Cass Free Soil Party- Martin Van Buren New party forced existing parties to pick a side Decision: Popular Sovereignty

13 Section 1 Cont d. A Compromise avoids a Crisis Gold Rush issues: influx of 80,000 to California Request: add to union as free state Southerners ask: enforce the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 Clay s Compromise Senate Adopts the Compromise if 1850 Decisions lead to chaos in the Senate Slavery slowly began to disappear New Fugitive Slave Act was added to appease the South

14 Section 2 Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act Personal liberty laws: nullified Fugitive Slave Act, arrest slave catchers for kidnapping Mobilizing: Christiana Riot what happened? Black Mosses (Harriet Tubman)= Underground railroad Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom s Cabin. 300,000 copies sold in the first year! The Kansas-Nebraska Act Undoes the Missouri Compromise Douglass: people of the territory should decide whether to be a slave state or not Divide the region in two creating Kansas and Nebraska Issues: the Kansas-Nebraska Act nullified the Missouri Compromise

15 Section 2 A Battle Rages in Bleeding Kansas Kansas = 2 governments which causes issues! John Brown Led execution of 5 proslavery settlers He was condemned by fellow abolitionists for his crime Outbreaks continued to occur leading to this time being known as Bleeding Kansas Violence in Kansas spreads to the Senate Charles Sumner s Crime Against Kansas speech stokes the fire Preston Brooks later beats Sumner unconscious with a cane He was removed by Congress but voted back in by his state!

16 Section 3 The Shifting Political Scene Whigs lose control and support, lose to the Democrats in the 1852 election Know-Nothings = anti-immigrant movement (who were they against? Birth of Republican Party: 1854 Opposition becomes the center of their focus Sectional Divisions Intensify 1856 Election: Democrat, Buchanan wins 1857: Dred Scott Decision what happens? Who are the main figures?

17 Section 3 The Lincoln-Douglass Debates Abe Lincoln Honest Abe Begins career as a part of the Whig Party when it was around 1836: became a lawyer Rivalry between Douglass and Lincoln surfaces early with Kansas-Nebraska Act John Brown s Raid John Brown raids Harper s Ferry, Virginia (current day W. Virginia) Attempted to end slavery by taking over the arsenal there He failed epically failed Brown s death at the gallows made him a martyr in the eyes of some abolitionists, others condemned his actions. Created further rift between North and South

18 Section 4 The Election of 1860 Jefferson Davis: restrict federal control in the territories on slavery issues Southerners who did not own slaves still felt like they were under attack too, states rights Democrats split North: Stephen Douglas South: John C. Breckinridge Republicans: Abe Lincoln Whigs: John Bell What did each candidate stand for?

19 Section 4 The Union Collapses South secedes and forms the Confederate States of America Attempted to gain support from Britain and France President: Jefferson Davis Crittenden s Compromise = final attempt to solve the issues President Buchanan did nothing to stop secession The Civil War Begins Lincoln takes office and swears to preserve the Union Fort Sumter To aid or to surrender? How did the battle at Fort Sumter lead to the outbreak of war?