SECTION 2.1: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AN INTRODUCTION

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1 MODERN WORLD HISTORY - DBQ PACKET SECTION 2.1: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AN INTRODUCTION NAME: PERIOD: DUE DATE: ACCOUNTABILITY SCORE: ESK 10 SCORE: The Industrial Revolution has tended to produce everywhere great urban masses that seem to be increasingly careless of ethical standards. -Irving Babbitt DBQ CHECKLIST Annotations Answer includes: Thesis (1 Sentence) Evidence (1 Sentence per document) Explanation (1 Sentence) If you are missing any of the above items for each DBQ, it is incomplete!

2 SECTION 2.1 DBQ 1 The following excerpt from Adam Smith s Wealth of Nations written in 1776 describes the assembly line used in factories. I have seen a small manufactory [factory] of this kind where ten men only were employed, and where some of them performed two or three distinct operations They could make among them upwards of 48,000 pins in a day But if they had all wrought [worked] separately and independently they certainly could not each of them have made twenty in a day. Source: Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations ACCORDING TO ADAM SMITH, WHY WERE WORKERS IN A FACTORY SO PRODUCTIVE?

3 SECTION 2.1 DBQ 2 IDENTIFY A MAJOR EFFECT INDUSTRIALIZATION HAD ON CITIES:

4 SECTION 2.1 DBQ 3 The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day. Stokers [(somebody whose job it is to add fuel to and tend to a furnace] emerged from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, and posts, and [fences], wiping their swarthy [(dark)] visages [(faces)], and contemplating [(thinking about)] coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a stifling [(smothering)] smell of hot oil everywhere. The steam engines shone with it, the mills throughout their many stories oozed and trickled it. Source: Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854 WHAT DOES CHARLES DICKENS REVEAL ABOUT THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN AN INDUSTRIAL ENGLISH CITY DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:

5 SECTION 1.6 DBQ 4 The following excerpt is from Joseph Hebergam another worker who testified before the Sadler Committee in Committee: What is the nature of your illness? Hebergam: I have damaged lungs. My leg muscles do not function properly and will not support the weight of my bones. Committee: A doctor has told you that you will die within a year, is that correct? Hebergam: I have been told so. Committee: Did he tell you the causes of your illness? Hebergam: He told me it was caused by the dust in the factories and from overwork and insufficient diet... Committee: To what was his [your brother s] death attributed? Hebergam: He was cut by a machine and died of infection. Committee: Do you know of any other children who died at the R Mill? [The name of the mill was withheld from the printed testimony] Hebergam: There was about a dozen who died during the two and a half years I was there. At the L Mill where I worked last, a boy was caught in a machine and both his thigh bones broke and from his knee to his hip the flesh was ripped up the same as if it had been cut by a knife. His hands were bruised, his eyes were nearly torn out and his arms were broken. His sister, who ran to pull him off had both her arms broke and her head bruised. The boy died. I do not know if the girl is dead, but she was not expected to live. Committee: Did the accident occur because a shaft was not covered? Hebergam: Yes. WHAT DOES THE TESTIMONY REVEAL ABOUT WORKING CONDITIONS IN FACTORIES?:

6 SECTION 2.1 DBQ 5 TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN TEXTILE MACHINERY INVENTOR INVENTION IMPORTANCE John Kay Flying Shuttle Increased speed of weaving James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny Spun 8 10 threads at a time; used at home Richard Arkwright Water Frame Large spinning machine driven by water in factory Edward Cartwright Power Loom Water powered; automatically wove thread into cloth Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Separated seed from raw cotton WHICH INVENTION WAS MOST IMPORTANT IN INCREASING TEXTILE PRODUCTION?: