Author, Charles Dickens traveled to America twice, recording his strong but finally mixed impressions in

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1 Name 8th grade Social Studies Social Studies Lab Packet Date Period Urbanization Introduction: Compelling Question: Step One: Author, Charles Dickens traveled to America twice, recording his strong but finally mixed impressions in his letters, his travel book AMERICAN NOTES FOR GENERAL CIRCULATION (1842), and his fiction, especially MARTIN CHUZZLEWIT ( ). Dickens was particularly interested in seeing public institutions, such as prisons, madhouses, and institutions for the blind, as well as factories and mills to examine working conditions. ( Through a pioneering blend of investigative reporting and documentary photojournalism, Jacob Riis helped to expose the horrible conditions of the slums in which the lower classes of New York City lived. Riis immigrated to the United States from Denmark in 1870 at the age of 21, and he knew what it was like to be desperately poor and live in substandard tenement housing. In 1890, Riis published his most famous work, How the Other Half Lives, a book that used revealing photojournalism and detailed analysis of the housing problems afflicting poor immigrants to argue in favor of reforming New York's tenements. ( What reforms were needed by the turn of the 19 th century? Look at the question above. What is your hunch before looking at any documents? Hunch Step Two: Examining the Evidence Examine the pieces of evidence. Is it a primary or secondary source? What is the source telling us? What is the Source I Is it a primary or secondary source? What is the source telling us? What is the This is the place; these narrow ways diverging to the Is it a primary or secondary source? right and left, and reeking everywhere with dirt and filth. Such lives as are led here, bear the same fruit as elsewhere. The coarse and bloated faces at the doors Summarize the first paragraph in a sentence. have counterparts at home and all the world over. Debauchery has made the very houses prematurely old. See how the rotten beams are tumbling down, and how the patched and broken windows seem to scowl dimly, like eyes that have been hurt in drunken forays. What place is this, to which the squalid street conducts us? A kind of square of leprous houses, some Summarize the second paragraph in a of which are attainable only by crazy wooden stairs sentence. without. What lies beyond this tottering flight of steps, that creak beneath our tread? a miserable room, lighted by one dim candle, and destitute of all comfort, save that which may be hidden in a wretched bed. Beside it, sits a man: his elbows on his knees: his forehead hidden in his hands. What ails that man? asks the foremost officer. Fever, he sullenly replies, George Grobusch

2 without looking up. Conceive the fancies of a feverish brain, in such a place as this! Here too are lanes and alleys, paved with mud kneedeep ruined houses, open to the street, whence, Summarize the first paragraph in a sentence. through wide gaps in the walls, other ruins loom upon the eye, as though the world of vice and misery had nothing else to show: hideous tenements which take their name from robbery and murder: all that is loathsome, drooping, and decayed is here. -Charles Dickens, 1842 Source II Is it a primary or secondary source? What is the source telling us? What is the Hint: Why are these boys attending night school? Night School in the Seventh Avenue Lodging House Source II Is it a primary or secondary source? What is the source telling us? What is the Jacob Riis - A downtown "Morgue" (unlicensed saloon) c Source III Is it a primary or secondary source? What is the source telling us? What is the George Grobusch

3 Jacob Riis, "Lodgers in a Crowded Bayard Street Tenement--'Five Cents a Spot' Source IV Is it a primary or secondary source? What is the source telling us? What is the Jacob Reese's photograph of Bandit's Alley. Step Three: Develop a Claim Based on the evidence write a claim statement. Step Four: Cite Evidence Supporting Your Claim What specific evidence do the sources provide that support your claim? George Grobusch

4 Step Five: Communicating Your Conclusions Extended Response Be sure to begin your paragraph by identifying your claim and then support your claim with evidence from the sources. George Grobusch

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