τίθησιν aorist active τίθημι = (active and passive) put, place, lay, lay (away), set up, put (away), place before someone, serve under BAGD 615b-.

Transcription

1 1 John 10 (10:11) ποιμήν, ένος, ὁ = shepherd, sheep-herder under BAGD 684a. Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός This whole phrase is rich with Christology and theological implications. I am one can make the case that this construction is distinctively God s. And so is shepherd. Psalm 23:1 anyone? τίθησιν aorist active τίθημι = (active and passive) put, place, lay, lay (away), set up, put (away), place before someone, serve under BAGD 615b-. πρόβατον,ου, τό = sheep, (the literal usage passes over to the non-literal, or the sheep appear for the most part as symbols of certain people) under BAGD 703a. Grammatical note = General Use of the Adjective. The general use of the Greek adjective falls into the following four major categories: (1) predicate, (2) attributive), (3) substantival, (4) adverbial. While the third and fourth categories are fairly straightforward, it is not as easy to distinguish between attributive and predicate adjectives, at least in certain contexts. This is the case especially since the adjective may or may not have the article and since in some predicate constructions the verb is omitted and merely implicit When it comes to distinguishing the attributive from the predicate use, the following rule applies: when the adjective is immediately preceded by the article, it is always attributive While articular constructions (2) [article-noun-article-adjective] and (3) [nounarticle-adjective look awkward for the native English speaker, they clearly illustrate the function of the adjective as further describing the noun and as distinguishing it from other nouns. To use a biblical example, when Jesus identifies himself as the good shepherd he both describes himself not merely as a shepherd, but as one who is good and distinguishes himself from the hired hands who care nothing for the sheep. See KMP, Grammatical Note = Possibly Emphatic Word Orders. John 10:11. See KMP, 450. (10:12) μισθωτός, ου, ὁ = (actually adjective of three terminations, in our literature only substantive) hired man BAGD 523b.

2 2 ἴδια, ία, ον = belonging to an individual, private, one s own, peculiar to oneself under BAGD 369b. θεωρέω = be a spectator, look at, observe, perceive, see (with physical eyes), (of perception of the mind or spirit) notice, perceive, observe, find under BAGD 360a. λύκος, ου, ὁ = wolf under BAGD 481a. ἀφίημι = let go, send away, cancel, remit, pardon, give up under BAGD 125b. φεύγω = flee, seek safety in flight, escape (in a moral sense) flee from, shun (with accusative) under BAGD 855b-. ἀρπάζω = steal, carry off, drag away watch (or) take away under BAGD 109a. σκορπίζω = scatter, disperse, scatter abroad, distribute under BAGD 757a. The metaphorical imagery of this verse is remarkable. What does it say about a priest or pastor a shepherd of a gathering of the people of God who does not protect his or her sheep from wolves who snatch and scatter the flock? But wait. Are not all priests and pastors hired hands? unless they serve without any remuneration or compensation? How broad a brush is Christ using in this text? (10:13) μέλει = (third person singular of μέλω used impersonally and personally) it is a care (or) concern to someone under BAGD 500a. (10:14) γινώσκω = know, come to know, learn (of), ascertain find out under BAGD 160b-. ἐμός, ή, όν = my, mine under BAGD 255b. (10:15) (10:16)

3 3 ἀυλή, ῆς, ἡ = courtyard, (an enclosed space, open to the sky, near a house, surrounded by buildings), farm, house, palace under BAGD 121a. ἀγαγεῖν aorist active infinitive ἄγω = lead, bring (or) take along, (legal) lead away, take into custody, arrest under BAGD 14a-. πίστις, εως, ἡ = faith, trust, faithfulness, reliability, solemn promise, oath, troth, proof, pledge under BAGD 662a. γενήσονται future middle γίνομαι. Much has been made of these other sheep and who or what they are. Gentiles? North and South Americans before the gospel is brought centuries later by conquering Europeans? (10:17) ὅτι ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν Hunh. Because he lays down his life okay we might understand that part so that he takes it up again? Purpose and/or result? (10:18) αἴρω = lift up, take up, pick up under BAGD 24a. ἐξουςία, ας, ἡ = freedom of choice, right (to act, decide, or dispose of one s property as one wishes [Rw similar to Hebrew משׁל perhaps]) ability (to do something), capability, might, power, authority, absolute power, warrant under BAGD 277b-. θεῖναι aorist active infinitive τίθημι. ἐντολή, ῆς, ἡ = command(ment), order under BAGD 269a. (10:22) ἐγκαινία, ας, ἡ = the festival of rededication (known also a Hanukkah and the Feast of Lights) under BAGD 215a.

4 4 ἐγένετο aorist middle γίνομαι. χειμών, ῶνος, τό = rainy and stormy weather, (the season of bad weather), winter under BAGD 879b. ἦν imperfect active εἰμί. (10:23) περιπατέω = go about, walk around, walk under BAGD 649a. ἱερόν, οῦ, τό = sanctuary, temple under BAGD 372a. στοά, ᾶς, ἡ = (roofed) colonnade (or) cloister, portico under BAGD 768b. (10:24) ἐκύκλωσαν aorist active κυκλόω = surround, encircle, go around, circle around under BAGD 456b. ἔλεγον imperfect active λέγω. ἕως = till, until under BAGD 334a. αἴρω = lift up, take up, pick up under BAGD 24a. τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν αἴρεις apparently to express something like keep us in suspense. εἰπὲ - aorist active imperative λέγω. παρρησία, ας, ἡ = outspokenness, frankness, plainness of speech under BAGD 630b. (10:25) ἀπεκρίθη aorist passive ἀποκρίνομαι = answer, reply, (Hebraistically of the continuation of discourse like (ענה under BAGD 93a-. εἶπον aorist active λέγω.

5 5 ὄνομα, τος, ἡ = name (of proper names), (used with verbs), (with prepositions), (in combination with attributes), (in combination with God and Jesus), (in combination with verbs) under BAGD 570b. μαρτυρέω = (active) bear witness, be a witness, bear witness to, declare, confirm, testify favorably, speak well (of), approve (of), (in ecclesiastical usage with regard to martyrdom) bear witness, testify, be a witness (unto death), be martyred (passive) be witnessed, have witness borne, be well spoken of, be approved under BAGD 492b. (10:26) πρόβατον,ου, τό = sheep, (the literal usage passes over to the non-literal, or the sheep appear for the most part as symbols of certain people) under BAGD 703a. This is an interesting exchange. Largely because there are some who dispute whether Jesus is the son of God because he never said so clearly. Granted this is about whether he is the Christ (or Messiah). Although some might argue Jesus never says so clearly that later Christian believers turned Jesus into Christ and Son of God and made changes to the New Testament record to reflect later Christology here at least Jesus says I did tell you but you did not believe and this is why you did not believe. Really? Where and how did Jesus say this? Perhaps that he did say so by clear implication without using the exact words I am the Christ the son of the living God. The reason people disbelieve is not because of the lack of evidence. Rather they reject the evidence for other reasons. (10:27) φωνή, ῆς, ἡ = sound, tone, noise (the source of which is added in the ) under BAGD 870b. ἀκολουθέω = follow, (literally) come after, go along with under BAGD 31a. (10:28) δίδωμι = give, grant, bestow, impart under BAGD 192b. ἀπόλωνται aorist middle subjunctive ἀπόλλυμι = ruin, destroy, lose under BAGD 95a. Hunh. So lose or even destroy one s life? Almost certainly lose.

6 6 Similar to אבד in Hebrew which means become lost often with the sense of die, be destroyed. ἁρπάσει future active ἁρπάζω = snatch, seize, steal, carry off, drag away under BAGD 109a. χείρ, χειρός, ἡ = hand under BAGD 879b. Grammatical note = Pure Dative. Indirect Object. Very commonly, as mentioned, verbs take an accusative direct object as well as a dative indirect object. For more examples of the dative of indirect object, see John 10:28. See KMP, 123. (10:29) δέδωκέν perfect active δίδωμι. μεῖζόν comparative μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα = large, great, (with the concept of spaciousness), (of quantity), (of intensity) under BAGD 497b. δύναμαι = I can, am able (passive deponent) under BAGD 207a. ἁρπάζειν present active infinitive ἁρπάζω. Grammatical note = Consummative Perfect. Whereas the intensive use of the perfect emphasizes the resulting state of a past action, the consummative use emphasizes the completed action that brought about the resulting state. In other words, the accomplishment of the action is so emphasized that the resulting state is merely the vague condition of the occurrence having actually taken place on a particular occasion or, more generally, at least once in the past. Verbs that fit into this category are often transitive in nature. It is usually best to translate this type of perfect with the English present perfect ( have/has + past tense). For more examples of the consummative perfect, see John 10:29. See KMP, 299 and n48. (10:30) εἶς, μία, ἔν = one, single, only one under BAGD 230b.

7 7 This is a little odd. Why does Jesus emphasize this point? He has been talking about sheep, they know his voice, they follow, no one can snatch them, and suddenly he emphasizes I am the Father are one. Grammatical note = The Article and the Adjective. The deity of Jesus does not rest solely on the Granville Sharp Rule and the passages to which it may apply. For example, in John 20:28 Thomas is shown to worship Jesus with the words, My Lord and my God! There can be no question that the referent of Lord and God in this passage is Jesus. In fact the passage seems to form an inclusion in John s Gospel together with the initial affirmations of Jesus deity in 1:1 and 1:18. Other NT passages likewise affirm Jesus deity both explicitly and implicitly. See for example John 10: See KMP, 152 and n3.