Culture Specific Items in Translation:

Transcription

1 Islamic Azad University Science and Research campus of Tehran A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Arts in Translation Studies (M.A) Culture Specific Items in Translation: The case of Chardin s Travelogue Advisor: Dr. Hossein Vossoughi Reader: Dr. Parviz Birjandi By: Somayeh Hassani August 2010

2 TABLES Table 4.1 The distribution of culture-specific-items classification Table 4.2 Translation strategies used by the translator. 73 Table 4.3 Frequency of translation strategies Table 1 CSIs of Nature type, their Persian counterparts and related strategies..91 Table 2 CSIs of Leisure, Feasts and Traditions types, their Persian counterparts and related strategies Table 3 CSIs of Artificial products type, their Persian counterparts and related strategies Table 4 CSIs of Religion and Mythology types, their Persian counterparts and related strategies..101 Table 5 CSIs of Geography type, their Persian counterparts and related strategies. 102 Table 6 CSIs of Politics and Economy types, their Persian counterparts and related strategies..103 Table 7 CSIs of History type, their Persian counterparts and related strategies 104 Table 8 CSIs of Art and Literature types, their Persian counterparts and related strategies 106 Table 9 CSIs of Science type, their Persian counterparts and related strategies 108 Table 10 CSIs of Units type, their Persian counterparts and related strategies.108 Table 11 CSIs of Others type, their Persian counterparts and related strategies...110

3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ST : Source text TT : Target text CSI : Culture specific items Newmark: bor. : Borrowing c.e. : Cultural Equivalent f.e. : Functional Equivalent d.e. : Descriptive Equivalent syn. : Synonymy red. or exp. : Reduction or Expansion para. : Paraphrase coup. : couplets ad. : addition Venuti: Dom. : Domestication For. : Foreignization

4 Table of contents Acknowledgement...I Tables. II List of Abbreviations III Abstract...1 Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Overview Statement of the problem Significance of the study Purpose of the study Research questions Theoretical framework Definition of key terms Scope and delimitations of the study... 8 Chapter Two: Review of the Related Literature 2.1. Introduction Culture Introduction to culture Cultural turn in translation studies Culture and translation Culture and language Translation Ideology and translation Literary translation Introduction Normative approaches Cultural approaches Subsystemic (semiotic) approaches Polysystemic (descriptive) approaches

5 2.3.7 Inductive-descriptive approaches Language, culture and translation Culture-specific items Introduction Newmark Mollanazar Aixela Snell-Hornby Pavlovic Thriveni Baker Ripoll Translation Strategies for Rendering CSIs Introduction Kwiecinski Vinay and Darbelnet Newmark Mona Baker Aixela Dobrynska Hervey Chaume..60 Chapter Three: Methodology 3.1 Introduction Description of the type of research Corpus of the study Procedure Data collection...66 Chapter Four: Data Analysis and Findings 4.1 Preview Data processing Culture-specific-item classification by Rippol...68

6 4.2.2 Types of strategies of translation process proposed by Newmark Data analysis Findings and results Discussion on findings.76 Chapter Five: Conclusion and Implications 5.1 Overview Summary of conclusion Pedagogical implications suggestions for further studies References Appendix A...91 Persian Abstract...112

7 Abstract In the present study the researcher's aim was to study cultural influences on translation, to identify culture specific items, and to study the ways and methods for translating them. According to the researcher's intuition, and after perusing different cultural categories and during the comparison of the source texts and target texts, the culture specific items were identified according to the classification based on Maria Rippol's theory. The English items were spotted and the corresponding translations were extracted. The corpus of the present study was "A journey to Persia" by Ronald W. Ferrier translated by Iqbal Yaqmai. The next step was to determine the strategies used by the translator to render the CSIs into Persian according to Newmark's translation procedures. The items were then populated into several tables to specify the frequency of each strategy. After collecting data, they were analyzed to see which of the related strategies of translation was the most frequently used in the process of translating of each group. The most frequently used strategy used by the translator in this corpus was Cultural equivalent. Then, they were signified according to Venuti's domestication and foreignization theory one by one. It was finally concluded that the translator used Domestication strategies more frequent than the Foreignization strategy.

8 چكيده مشخصه هاي فرهنگي در ترجمه سفرنامه شاردن در تحقيق حاضر هدف محقق مطالعه تاثيرات فرهنگي بر ترجمه جهت شناخت مشخصه هاي فرهنگي و مطالعه راه و روشهاي ترجمه آنها مي باشد. طبق درك محقق و همچنين پس از بررسي مجموعه هاي مختلف فرهنگي و طي مقايسه متون مبدا و مقصد مشخصه هاي فرهنگي بر اساس طبقه بندي تي وري "ماريا ريپول" شناسايي شد. مشخصه هاي انگليسي شناسايي و ترجمه هاي منطبق بر آنها استخراج شدند. پيكره مطالعه كنوني براساس كتاب "سفري به ايران" نوشته "رونالد دبليو فريير" ترجمه "اقبال يغمايي" مي باشد. مرحله بعدي تعيين فنون بكار رفته توسط مترجم جهت استخراج ترجمه مشخصه ها به فارسي بر اساس روشهاي ترجمه "نيومارك" بود. سپس مشخصه ها در جداولي جمع آوري شد تا بسامد هريك مشخص شود پس از جمع آوري داده ها آنها مورد تجزيه قرار گرفتند تا مشخص شود كدام يك از فنون در مرحله ترجمه از بسامد بيشتري برخورداراست. پر بسامدترين فن بكار رفته در پيكره توسط مترجم "معادل سازي فرهنگي" بود. سپس از لحاظ بومي سازي و بيگانه سازي بر اساس تي وري "ونوتي" مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند كه مشخص شد مترجم از بومي سازي بيشتر از بيگانه سازي استفاده نموده است. سميه حسني

9 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم و تحقيقات پايان نامه كارشناسي ارشد رشته مترجمي زبان انگليسي (M.A) موضوع مشخصه هاي فرهنگي در ترجمه سفرنامه شاردن استاد راهنما: دكتر حسين وثوقي استاد مشاور: دكتر پرويز بيرجندي نگارنده: سميه حسني سال تحصيلي