The Coptic Language Fr. Jacob Nadian. Lesson 6

Transcription

1 The Coptic Language Fr. Jacob Nadian Lesson 6 Qen `vran `mviwt nem Psyri nem Pi`pneuma e;ouab. Ounou] `nouwt. Amyn. C (seema): This is the nineteenth letter of the Coptic Alphabet, and it can be pronounced as: 1. Z ; if followed by the letter m سالم acpacmoc peace فكر logicmoc thought معمودية bapticma baptism 2. S ; otherwise نعم ce yes معلم caq teacher [جسد [also carx body جسد cwma body T(tav): This is the twentieth letter of the Coptic Alphabet, and it can be pronounced as: 1. T يدمر tako destroy تسعة 'it nine يمتحن qotqet examine 2. D ; in Greek words only if preceded by the letter n طاهر amiantoc pure يقابل apantan meet وصية entoly commandment 1

2 < (kei): This is the twenty-third letter of the Coptic Alphabet, and it can be pronounced as: 1. In all Coptic words, it is pronounced as K : <ymi Egypt, derived from the old Egyptian word KEMET, which مصر means the black land because of its fertile soil يسامح أو يترك,a forgive, leave or put كيهك,oiak the Coptic month, Kiahk نفس Greek) 'u,y soul (same as يصلي Greek) eu,y ask or pray (same as نار `,rwm fire 2. In all Greek words, it has two ways of pronunciations: (i) SH ; if it is followed by one of these letters: e, i, y, u: سالم (greeting),ere peace or hail ارملة,yra widow شاروبيم,eroubim Cherubim ثلج,iwn snow عاصفة,imwn storm رئيس ar,y head or chief رائد ar,ygoc pioneer (ii) KH ; if it is followed by one of these letters: a, o, w or a consonant: مسيح <rictoc Christ طيب `,ryctoc good or kind نعمة,aric grace قائد ar,wn leader خورس,oroc choir مق طعةا,wra region or countryside راهب mona,oc monk 2

3 1. Relative Clause: Coptic uses three forms of the relative pronoun. They are used with nouns of either gender or number as well as verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The forms are as follows: e- et- ete- The most common form is et-. They all are translated in English as, who, whom, or which. They are usually used with sentences containing adverbial predicates, examples: الرجل الذي في البيت pirwmi etqen `pyi The man who is in the house Peniwt etqen nivyouì أبانا الذي في السماوات Our Father who art in heavens 1.1 The relative pronoun et- functions as the subject of the relative clause: Affirmative ]`chimi ethi `vmwit المرأة التي علي الطريق The woman who is on the road niqelloi etqen ]ek`klycia Negative niqelloi etqen ]ek`klycia an الرهبان الذين ليسوا في الكنيسة الرهبان الذين في الكنيسة The monks who are in the church The monks who are not in the church 1.2 The relative clause cannot be used to modify an indefinite noun. 2. Relative Nouns: Nouns can be formed out of adjectives by prefixing the definite article to the relative pronoun and attaching the new prefix to an adjective, as follows: Singular Masculine Plural pet- pete- net- nete- Examples: pe;ouab pethwou The holy one, the one who is holy The evil one, the one who is evil 3. Demonstrative Adjectives - Far Objects: The demonstrative for the far objects trails the noun it modifies. It is formed from a combination of the relative pronoun ète-- and the adverb `mmau. In English it is translated as that for singular and those for plural. However 3

4 Coptic has one form for either gender or number, as follows: pirwmi `ete`mmau الرجل that man ]`chimi `ete`mmau ni`cnyou `ete`mmau المرأة that woman هؤالء االخوة those brothers 4. Greek Nouns: A typical Coptic text contains a large number of Greek loan-words, mostly nouns. Greek masculine and feminine nouns retained their gender when they were used in Coptic. Neuter nouns were treated as masculine nouns. All Greek nouns came into Coptic in the nominative singular case and such form is kept the same in all other cases in Coptic, examples: المالك piaggeloc m. The angel الخطاب أو الرسالة ]`epictoly f. The letter الروح pi`pneuma n. The spirit 5. Vocabulary: `mmau هناك adv. There seri بنت أو ابنة.f daughter, girl nahren prep in the presence of في حضور syri m. son, child, boy ولد أو طفل أو ابن nou] إله m. god hiren في مدخل prep. at the entrance of Vnou] هللا m. God hwou adj. شر Evil ro m. door, gate, mouth باب أو بوابة أو فم [oic سيد أو مالك.m master, owner rwou pl. doors, gates أبواب أو بوابات P[oic الرب m. The Lord,aki ظلمة m. Darkness [iceu أسياد او مالكين pl. masters, owners `,ro شاطئ m. shore, bank ]mi قرية m. Village 4

5 Greek Nouns aggeloc مالك m. angel, messenger ma;ytyc تلميذ m. disciple, pupil ek`klycia كنيسة f. Church polic مدينة f. City `epictoly خطاب او رسالة.f letter, epistle tavoc قبر m. Tomb Response to the Gospel of Resurrection and Fifty Joyful Days مرد إنجيل عيد القيامة والخماسين المقدسة Loipon aukaf qen kata ni`cmy `m`provytikon qen pimah somt ǹèhoou Pi`,rictoc `anecty eknekrwn. Allyloui`a. Allyloui`a. Allyloui`a. Allyloui`a. Iycouc Pi`,rictoc Pouro ǹte `pẁou aftwnf èbolqen nye;mwout. Vai ère piẁou er`prepinaf nem Pefiwt ǹàga;oc nem Pi`pneuma e;ouab icjen ]nou nem sa èneh. Je `f`cmarwout ǹje Viwt nem nem Pi`pneuma }`triac etjyk tenouwst `mmoc ten]`wou nac. And they also laid Him in the tomb according to the prophecies and on the third day Christ rose from the dead. Alleluia. Alleluia. Alleluia. Alleluia. Jesus Christ, the King of Glory, has risen from the dead. This is He to Whom the Glory is due, with His Good Father and the Holy Spirit, now and forever. Blessed be the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, the perfect Trinity. We worship Him and glorify Him. وأيضا وضعوه في القبر. حسب األخبار النبوية. وفي اليوم الثالث قام المسيح من األموات. هلليلويا. هلليلويا. هلليلويا. هلليلويا. يسوع المسيح ملك المجد قام من بين األموات. هذا الذي تليق به الكرامة مع أبيه الصالح والروح القدس من اآلن وإلى األبد. مبارك اآلب واالبن والروح القدس الثالوث الكامل نسجد له ونمجده. 5