ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2018 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER- 3 Modern India + Important Institutions of National Importance etc ANSWER KEY

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1 1 ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2018 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER- 3 Modern India + Important Institutions of National Importance etc ANSWER KEY Ans:1)(c) Explanation: Farrukh Siyar ascended the Delhi throne with the support of Saiyd brothers. They were known as king makers. After the death of Farrukh Siyar the saiyd brother crowned two young princes Raj-ud, Parajat and Rayi-ud- Raula- in quick succession. Whose rute lasted from The Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I ordered the release of Shahuji the son of Maratha sardar Sombhaji and grandson of Chhatrapti Shivaji from the Mughal custoday but did not recognize him as the legal heir to the Maratha Kingdom. Ans:2)(d) Explanation: In 1787, Tipu Sultan proclaimed himself Padshah at Seringapattam bringing to an end the maiming power of the Hindu Raja of Mysore. 1792, Tipu Sultan signed Treaty of Seringapttam with the English. In 1797, a Jocobin Club was set up at Seringapattam and a tree of liberty was planted. Ans:3)(b) Explanation: The ruler of Amer, Sawai Jai Singh built the city and fort of Jaipur and made it his capital. In Indian history, he is revered as a distinguished statesman, famous. Diplomat, renewed Law-maker, social reformer and a man of science. He built five observatories. Where special arrangement were mode to study astronomy. He drew a set of tables to help in astronomical observations. He had Euclid s Elements off Geometry and several works on Trigonometry translated into Sanskrit. The building of the city of Jaipur was based strictly on scientific principles. Ans:4)(d) Explanation: After the death of Bahadur Shah I, fratricidal conflict for succession was started Among his four sons- Zahanduar Shah, Azim-us- Shah, Rafi-us-Shah and Johan Shah. Jahandar Shah ultimately got the better of his other brother and ascended the throne with the active support of Zuykan Khan, the powerful leader of the Irani group in his court. He did away with the hated jaziya tax. He also honored Rana Jai Singh of Amer with the title of Mirza Raja Jai Singh Sawai and appointed him and the as the Subedar of Malwa. Ans:5)(a) Explanation: Lord Hastings came to India, as Governor General, for the second time, in 1813 and expanded the aggressive and imperialist polices of Lord Wellesley and paved the way for the expansion of the British Empire. He took three important actions which established the paramountcy of British Colonism in India. These are the Anglo-Nepalese War ( ), suppression of the Pindarics and end of the Maratha Confederacy. Ans:6)(c) Explanation: After Warren Hastings, Modc Pherson was made the Governor General of Bengal temporarily. Later on Lord Cornwallis ( ) become the Governor General. He Europeanized the Indian Civil Services and appointed Europeans an all key ports. He introduced the permanent land settlement in Bengal which had a deep impact on Indian economy and which further deteriorated the economic life of Indian farmer. Lord Cornwallis was succeeded by Sir John shore ( ), who became the next Governor General of Bengal. Ans:7)(c) Explanation: Mir Jafar was the commander-in- Chief of the army of Nawab of Bengal Sirajuddaula. As a reward for his help during the Battle of Plassey, he was made the Nawab of Bengal by the British. But, the British replaced Mir Jafar with Mir Kasim (His son-in-law) as Nawab of Bengal. As soon as Mir Kasim became the Nawab, he shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Monghyr. Ans:8)(a) Explanation: When Siraj-ud-daula became the Nawab of Bengal in 1756 he demanded of the English that they should trade on the same basis as in the times of Mushid Quli khan but English refused to comply. The breaking point come when without taking the Nawab s permission, the company began to fortify Calcutta in expectation of the coming struggle with the French, who were stationed at this time at Chandernagar. After the battle of Plassey, the Navab Siraj--uddaula was forced to flee and was captured and put to death by Mir Jafar s son Miran (not by Mir Jafar). Ans:9)(c) Explanation: A long war was fought between the Marathas and the British which lasted from 1775 to The British in India were, however, at this time led by the energetic and experienced Governor-General Warren Hasting. He acted with firm resolve and determination. Neither side won victory and the war came to a standstill. Peace was concluded in 1782 by the Treaty of Salbai by which the status quo was maintained. Ans:10)(d) Explanation: The Maratha Empire consisted of a confederacy of five big chief, namely, the Peshwas at Poona, the Goeakwad at Baroda, the Scindhia at Gwalior, the Holkars at Indor and the Bhonsle at Nagur, the Peshwa being the nominal head of the confederacy. But all of them were engaged in bitter fratricidal strife, blind to the real danger from the rapidly advancing foreigner. Ans:11)(c) Ans:12)(b) Explanation: War Year First Anglo-French War AD Third Battle of Panipat AD

2 Fourth Anglo-Maratha War AD First Anglo-Mysore War-1799 AD Ans:13)(a) Explanation: In 1786, the Governor General was given the authority to overrule his council in the matters of importance affecting safety, peace or the interests of the Empire in India. Ans:14)(a) Explanation: It was through the charter Act of 1883 (and not the charter Act 1813) that the debts of the East India Company were taken over by the Government of India. Ans:15)(b) Explanation: Nadir Shah also carried away the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond and the jewel-studded peacock throne of Shahjahan. He compelled Muhammad Shah to cede to him all the provinces of the Empire west of the river Indus. Abdali repeatedly invaded and plundered northern India right down to Delhi and Mathura between 1748 and In 1761, he defeated the Marathas in the Third Battle of Panipat and thus gave a big blow to their ambition of controlling the Mughal Emperor and thereby dominating the country. Ans:16)(d) Explanation: The British Parliament passed the Regulating Act in 1773 by which changes were introduced in the administrative structure of the company both in England and in India. The number of the Directors of the Company was taken to 24. In India the Governor of Bengal came to be designated as the Governor General. As per the provisions of the Act, a Supreme Court was established at Calcutta comprising of a Chief Justice and three other Judges. The special feature of the Act was that apart from granting the status of a trading company, it also conferred the East India Company constitutional status and provided it with political powers. Ans:17)(d) Explanation: The economic, educational and political changes initiated by the British diminished the social distance between the untouchables and the upper caste Hindus. The improvement in the condition of the untouchables was further bolstered by the development of railways and other modes transportation, equality before law, growing urbanization, equal opportunity for all in the civil services, increased rural communication, development of modern industries and formation of trade unions. Ans:18)(c) Explanation: The Mahalwari settlement was introduced in about 30 percent of the total area of the country under the British rule, i.e. in major parts of the North Western Provinces, Central Provinces and the Punjab with some vacations. In Assam the Ryotwary system was introduced. In Bengal, Permanent settlement was introduced. Ans:19)(b) Ans:20)(b) Explanation: Through the Government of India Act of 1919, the system of Dyarchy was introduced in the provinces. Under this system some subjects, such as finance and law and order, were called reserved subjects and remained under the direct control of the Governor, others such as education, 2 public health and local self-government, were called transferred subjects and were to be controlled by ministers responsible to the legislatures. Ans:21)(a) Explanation: After Barackpore, revolt of 1857 occurred at Meerut. After Meerut, revolt occurred at Delhi. The people of Delhi along with their rulers Bahadur Shah II were astonished at this revolt but immediately he was declared the Emperor of India. The news of the revolt at Delhi spread like wild forest fire in the neighboring states. The public welcomed the soldiers at many places. Farmers, workers and common men also supported the revolt and helped the soldier. Ans:22)(c) Explanation: In Lucknow, on 4 June 1857, the Begum of Awadh, Hazrat Mahal declared her minor son Birjis Kadar the Nawab and rose in revolt. Landlords, farmers and soldiers of Awadh supported her. The British army failed to fight with the revolutionaries and took shelter in the British residency, which was to set fire by the revolutionaries. The British resident Henry Laurence was burnt alive. Ans:23)(a) Explanation: After 1857, due to the Press Registration Act of 1867, liberty of press which had been given by Metcalf (in 1835) was finished. In 1878, Vernacular Press Act was passed during the Viceroyalty of Lord Lytton. There were 600 vernacular newspapers during the reign of Lord Lytton most of which were published in the native languages. These newspapers upset the bureaucracy. Who, anticipating future difficulties, passed an Act. Ans:24)(a) Explanation: In India the Act 1858 provided that the Governor General would have an Executive Council whose members were to act as heads of different departments and as his official advisers. The council discussed all important matters and decided them by a majority vote, but the Governor- General had the power to override any important decision of the Council. Ans:25)(c) Explanation: Indian Councils Act of 1861 enlarged the Governor-General s Executive Council for the purpose of making Laws in which capacity it was known as the Imperial legislative Council. Thus, Imperial Legislative Council comes into being from the Act of Secretary of state for India was the member of British cabinet, he resided in London. In 1861, Charles wood was the secretary of state for India. Ans:26)(a) Explanation: All section of the Indian National Congress united in opposing the Partition of Bengal in The INC also supported the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement of Bengal. There was much public debate and disagreement between the moderate and militant nationalism, the latter wanted to extend the Swadeshi and Boycott movement from Bengal to the every form of association with the colonial government. The moderates wanted to confine the Boycott movement to Bengal and even there to limit it to the boycott of foreign goods.

3 Ans:27)(a) Explanation: Indian Council Act of 1909 also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms of Morley was the secretary of state for India and Minto was the viceroy of India. The Reforms introduced the system of separate electorate for the Muslim (not Sikh), under which all Muslim were grouped in separate constituencies from which Muslims alone could be elected. Ans:28)(d) Explanation: Dadabhai Noroji, in 1866, set up the East India Association in London. Its objective was to keep the British leaders informed about problems in India and to force their attention towards Indian interests. He also intended to bring to the notice of the British, the fact of economic exploitation in India. Soon he came to be known as the Grand Old Man of India. He was made President of Indian National Congress thrice. Ans:29)(c) Ans:30)(d) Ans:31)(a) Explanation: Lokmanya Tilak, Lal Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal, are known in Indian history as the revolutionary trio. They filled in the Indian people the ideas of self-respect, to work for India s independence. Ans:32)(d) Explanation: The unity and stability of the Empire had been shaken during the long and strong reign of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb adopted a more tolerant attitude towards the Hindu chiefs and rajas. There was no destruction of temples in his region of Indian disaffection and the biggest traitor. Ans:33)(b) Ans:34)(d) Explanation: Aurobindo Ghosh had clearly spelt out the minimum requirements of a National Education Plan. According to it, first, the society ought to emphasize on the development of human character among the students, second, a sense of primacy should be attached to education and it should be made an integral part of the nationbuilding process. Third, everyone in the country should try to adopt modern technology. Forth, the teachers should themselves become the role models of the students. Ans:35)(c) Explanation: The All-India Khilafat Conference held in November 1919, in Delhi and was decided to withdraw all cooperation from the government if their demands were not met. The annual session of the Indian National congress held at Nagpur in December In this session, changes in the constitution of the congress were on the basis of linguistic areas. Working committee of 15 members was constituted to lead the congress. Ans:36)(c) Explanation: The first session was held in 1885 at Bombay (not in Calcutta) under the Presidentship of W.C. Bonnerji. The second session was held in Calcutta. Lucknow session in 1916 was presided by A.C. Majumdaar. Ans:37)(b) Explanation: On 5 February 1922, an agitated crowd gheroed the police station at chauri-chaura 3 in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh and set fire to it. Twenty two policemen including the station master died in the incident. Seeing it funning violent, Mahatma Gandhi announced the suspension of the Non-cooperation Movement Many top leaders of the country were stunned at this suden announcement. Motilal Nehru and Chittaronjan Das formed a separate group within the congress known as the Swaraj Party its purpose was not to let the movement lapse into passivity. Ans:38)(d) Explanation: The Non-cooperation movement began with Mahatma Gandhi renouncing his own titles. Other leaders and influential persons also followed suit by surrendering their honorary posts and titles. Students took their name off the rolls of government run educational institutions. National schools such as the Kashi Vidyapeeth, the Bihar Vidyapeeth and the Jamia Millia Islamia were set up in many provinces. All the prominent leaders of the country gave up their lucrative legal practice and legislatures were boycotted. No leader of the congress came forward to contest the elections for the legislatures. Ans:39)(c) Explanation: Champaran Satyagraha 1917 Kheda Satyagraha 1918 Rowlatt Satyagraha 1919 Khilafat Satyagraha 1920 Ans:40)(c) Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement by violating the salt laws. He reached the coast of Dandi on 5 April 1930 after marching a distance of 200 miles with 78 handpicked followers and on 6 April formally launched the civil Disobedience Movement by breaking the Salt Laws. Refusal to pay land revenues, boycotting of foreign goods and liquor, organizing the bonfires of foreign clothes and resigning from government jobs by the people were some of the programmes involved in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Ans:41)(c) Explanation: The Lucknow pact was signed between the Muslim league and the Congress. Under this pact congress accepted the system of separate electorates for the Muslims on the basis of Morley-Minto Reforms. The president of the 1915 session of the Muslim league was Muhammad Ali Jinnah. This session was attended by Mahatma Gandhi, Sarojani Naidu and Madan Mohan Malaviya. The Partition of Bengal was annualled in Ans:42)(a) Explanation: The leader of the Muslim league, Mohammad Ali Jinnah not only called Nehru Report un-democratic and reactionary but also regarded it as detrimental to the interests of the minorities in general and the Muslims in particular. The President of Central Sikh league, Saradar Karak Singh also rejected it. But other prominent Muslim leader like Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Dr. M.A. Ansari and Hakim Ajmal Khan supported the report.

4 Ans:43)(c) Ans:44)(a) Explanation: Some of the salient features of the Government of Indian Act, 1919 are: Diarchy system was introduced in the provinces. Subjects of administration were divided into two categories central and Provincial. The Provincial legislature was to consist of one House Only (legislative council). The number of Indians in the Governor General s Executive Council was raised to three in a council of eight. The centre was now to have a bicameral legislature for the first time. The ambit of communal electorate was expanded to give the representation to the Sikhs, Anglo- Indian. Europeans and Christinas along with the Muslims. Ans:45)(d) Explanation: pro-changes wanted a change in the programmes of the congress and in reality did not approve of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Prominent among such leaders were Deshbandu Chittranjan Das and Motilal Nehru. no-changers supported the non-cooperation movement and retained full faith in the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi Prominent among the nochanges were C. Rajagapulachari and Dr. M.A. Ansari. Ans:46)(b) Explanation: Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 8 th March, As per this pact, Gandhi agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and participate in the second Round Table conference but most of the leaders did not like this Pact. On 7 th September 1931, the second Round Table conference was held at London. Gandhi joined the conference on 12 th September, Ans:47)(d) Explanation: The Lucknow Pact is known for its achieved the goal of Hindu-Muslim unity and generate the anti-british feelings among the Muslims. In this pact, Congress with Muslim League jointly demanded the Dominion Status for the country. Ans:48)(c) Explanation: At its Madras Session in 1927, presided over by Dr. Ansari (not by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad), the Indian National Congress decided to boycott the Simon Commission at every stage and in every form. The Muslim league and the Hindu Mahasabha decided to support the Congress decision. In fact, the Simon Commission united, at least temporarily different group and parties in the country. Ans:49)(a) Explanation: Individual Satyagraha was limited, symbolic and non-violent in nature and it was left to Mahatma Gandhi to choose the Satyagrahi. The movement started on 17 th October Vinoba Bhave was the first Satyagraphi Jawaharlal Nehru was the second Satyagrahi Brahma Dutt was the third Satyagrahi. Harajan Bandu and Harijan Svak were the two papers of Mahatma Gandhi. Ans:50)(a) Explanation: M.N. Roy -Radical Nationalist C.R. Das -Swaraj Party 4 Annie Besant- Home Rule Movement B.G. Tilak -Partition of Bengal agitation Ans:51)(d) Explanation: The factors that influenced the British to transfer power to the Indians were as follows- The new powers viz. United States of America and Soviet Union supported Indian s demand for freedom. Even though Britain was on the winning side in the Second World War, its economic and military power was shattered. The British Indian Government could not any longer rely on the Indian personnel of its civil administration and armed forces to suppress the national movement. The confident and determined mood of the Indian people was by now obvious. They would no longer tolerate the humiliation of foreign rule. There was also large-scale labour unrest all over the country. Ans:52)(a) Explanation: The Shimla Conference was held from 25 June to 14 July and was attended by 21 leaders. The notable among them were Mahammad Ali Jinnah of Muslim league, Congress President Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Jawaharlal Nehru, Liaguat Ali Khan, Master Tara Singh and Bhulabhai Desai. The conference began on a hopeful note but ultimately broke down due to the instance of Jinnah that the Muslim league alone represent Indian Muslim and hence no non-league Muslim member could be nominated to the Viceroy s Executive Council. Ans:53)(a) Explanation: Hindu and Muslim ladies played important roles in the 18 th century politics. While women of the upper classes were not supposed to work outside their homes, peasant women usually worked in the fields and women of the poorer classes often worked outside their homes to supplement the family income. The purdah was common mostly among the higher classes in the north. It was not practiced in South. Sensitive Indians were often touched by the hard and harsh life of the widows. Raja Sawai Jai Singh of Amber was an astrologer and was also architect. He built Jantar Mantar and built Jaipur, the first scientifically planned city of India. Ans:54)(c) Explanation: Lord Linlithgow was the viceroy of India from 1936 to Following events occurred during viceroyalty (i) Resignation of the Congress ministries after the outbreak of the second world war (1939) (ii) Lahore Resolution (March 1940) by the Muslim League, demand for separate state for Muslim. (iii) August after Quit India Resolution by the congress (1942) (iv) Winton Churchill elected prime minister of England (1940). Ans:55)(c) Explanation: The modern educated Indians did not support the Revolt of They were repelled by the rebels appeals to superstitions and their opposition to progressive social measures. The educated Indians wanted to end the backwardness

5 of their country. But they mistakenly believed that the British rule would help them accomplish these tasks of modernization while the rebels, led by zamindars, old rulers and chieftains and other feudal elements, would take the country backward. Only later did the education Indians learn from experience that foreign rule was incapable of modernizing the country and that it would instead impoverish it and keep it backward. The revolutionaries of 1857 proved to be more farsighted in this respect; they had a better instinctive understanding of the evils of foreign rule and of the necessity to get rid of it. On the other hand, they did not realize, as did the educated intelligentsia, that the country had fallen prey to foreignness precisely because it had stuck to rotten and outmoded customs, traditions and institutions. They failed to see that national salvation lay not in going back to feudal monarchy but in going forward to a modern society, a modern economy, scientific education and modern political institutions. In any case, it cannot be said that the educated Indians were antinational or loyal to a foreign regime. Ans:56)(b) Ans:57)(a) Explanation: In October 1940, Gandhi gave the call for a limited Satyagraha by a few selected individuals. The satyagraha was kept limited so as not to embarrass Britain s was kept limited so as not to embarrass Britain s war effort by a mass upheaval in India. The aims of this movement were explained as follows by Gandhi in a letter to the viceroy: The congress is as much opposed to victory for Nazism as any Britisher can be but their objection cannot be carried to the extent of the participation in the war and since you and the secretary of state for India have declared that the whole of India is voluntarily helping the war effort., it becomes necessary to make clear that the vast majority of the people of India are not interested in it. They make no distinction between Naxism and the double autocracy that rules India. Ans:58)(b) Explanation: Sayyid Ahmad Khan used to believe in Hindu-Muslim unity. He used to regard India as beautiful bride of whom the Hindus and Muslim were two glowing eyes. But after the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885, he opposed by calling it a Hindu organization and tried to keep the Muslims aloof from it. Ans:59)(b) Explanation: In January 1926, Jayakar, the officer charged with the duty of reassessment of the land revenue, recommended a thirty percent increase over the existing assessment. This led to the resentment among the local peasants, leading to Bardoli Satyagraha. The issue of withdrawal of plague bonus was taken up during Ahmedabad mill strike. Ans:60)(b) All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 by a group of big zamindars ex-bureaucrats and other upper class Muslims like the Aga Khan, the Nawab of Dacca and Nawab Mohsin-uI-Mulk. Muhammad Ali Jinnah served as leader of the All- India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August Founded as a loyalist, communal and conservative political organization, the League supported the partition of Bengal, raised the slogan of separate Muslim interests, demanded separate electorates and safeguards for Muslims in government services, and reiterated all the major themes of communal politics and ideology enunciated earlier by Syed Ahmed and his followers. Though the interim government on 1946 was initially formed by the Congress, Muslim league joined it later. Liyaqat Ali khan a Muslim league leader was finance minister in interim government during He was instrumental in hamstringing interim government s decision. Ans:61)(d) While there was agreement among Congressmen on the question of attitude towards the World War II and the resignation of the ministries, sharp differences developed over the question of the immediate starting of a mass Satyagraha. Gandhiji and the dominant leadership advanced three broad reasons for not initiating an immediate movement. They felt that since the cause of the Allies i.e. Britain and France, was just, they should not be embarrassed in the prosecution of the War. The lack of Hindu- Muslim unity was a big barrier to a struggle. In the existing atmosphere any civil disobedience movement could easily degenerate into communal rioting or even civil war. They felt that there did not exist in the country an atmosphere for an immediate struggle. Neither the masses were ready nor was the Congress organizationally in a position to launch a struggle. The Congress organization was weak and had been corrupted during There was indiscipline and lack of cohesion within the Congress ranks. Under these circumstances, a mass movement would not be able to withstand severe repressive measures by the Government. Ans:62)(a) Explanation: Swadeshi Movement 1905, declined due to several reasons. The government, seeing the revolutionary potential of the movement, came down with a heavy hand. Repression took the form of controls and bans on public meetings, processions and the press. Student participants were expelled from Government schools and colleges, debarred from Government service, fined and at times beaten up by the police. The internal squabbles, and especially, the split, in 1907 in the Congress, the apex all-india organization, weakened the movement. The Swadeshi Movement lacked an effective organization and party structure. The movement had thrown up programmatically the entire gamut of Gandhian techniques. It was, however, unable to give these techniques a centralized, disciplined focus. The British policy of consciously attempting to use communalism to turn the Muslims against the Swadeshi Movement was to a large extent 5

6 responsible for, breaking out of communal riots in Bengal at the height of the Swadeshi Movement. Ans:63)(b) Muhammedan Literary Society was founded at Calcutta in 1863 by Nawab Abdul Latif. This society is marked as beginning in the direction of western education. It promoted discussions of religious, social and political questions. In the wake of reconciliation of modern scientific thought with Islam, he first of all, declared Quran alone as the authoritative work for Islam. Even the Quaran he interpreted in the light of contemporary rationalism and science. Sir Saiyyad Ahmed Khan wrote in favour of raising women s status in society and condemned the customs of polygamy and easy divorce along with removal of purdah as well. Ans:64)(a) Explanation: To conciliate the Moderates as well as to stave off any possible government repression, he publicly declared Tilak stated publicly that he is trying in India, as the Irish Home-rulers had been doing in Ireland, for a reform of the system of administration and not for the overthrow of Government. Many Moderate Congressmen, who were dissatisfied with the inactivity into which the Congress had lapsed, joined the Home Rule agitation. Ans:65)(c) Ilbert Bill proposed in 1883 that sought to allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British subjects in India. British subjects in 1873 had been exempted from trial by Indian magistrates, and in cases involving death or transportation they could only be tried by a high court. But by 1883 the liberal Governor General and Viceroy, Lord Ripon, proposed to make British subjects amenable to sessions courts, over which Indians were now senior enough in the civil service to preside. This proposal as embodied in the Ilbert Bill provoked furious protests, especially among the Calcutta (Kolkata) European business community and the Bengal indigo planters, and there was covert sympathy from many officials. The Ilbert Bill thus divided the Indian public opinion sharply into two blocs' the Indian bloc which supported the Bill enthusiastically, and the European bloc which opposed it tooth and nail. In the end, the European bloc won and succeeded in forcing the government for modifying the Bill in the line of European demands. A compromise was reached by which a British subject could claim a jury, half of which would be Europeans. Ans:66)(b) Explanation: The Monopoly trading rights of East India Company was abolished by the Charter of Ans:67)(c) Ans:68)(d) Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru was in PM s Office for four terms ( , , and ) represented Phulpur near Allahabad as a member of Parliament. Morarji Desai of Janata Party was the first non-congress PM of India assumed the office on March 24, Ans:69)(c) Ans:70)(b) Ans:71)(d) Explanation: Following were the economic impact of the British rule in India: Deindustrialization- India was a major player in the world export market for textiles in the early 18 th century, but by the middle of the 19th century it had lost all of its export market and much of its domestic market. Other local industries also suffered some decline, and India underwent de-industrialization as a consequence. While India produced about 25 percent of world industrial output in 1750, this figure fell to only 2 percent by Ruralisation- Loss of peasantry during early years of British rule, along with the loss of handicrafts Industry in India led to formation of new urban centres and ruralisation of many ancient and medieval towns in India. Deterioration of Agriculture- Faulty Land revenue collection practices, plantation Crops cultivation with little or no revenue for the farmers, transferability of land, little spending by Government on improvement of land productivity made farmer miserable. The peasant turned out to be the ultimate sufferer under the triple burden of the Government, zamindar and moneylender. His hardship increased at the time of famine and scarcity. Rise of bourgeoisie class in India - There emerged the new class of Indian traders, moneylenders and bankers. But, the colonial situation retarded the development of a healthy and independent industrial bourgeoisie, and its development was different from other independent countries like Germany and Japan. Famine and Poverty - Regular recurrence of famines became a common feature of daily existence in India. These famines were not just food grain scarcity-based phenomena, but were a direct result of poverty unleashed by colonial forces in India. Ans:72)(a) Ans:73)(a) Explanation: Gandhi Irwin Pact signed on March 5, Karachi Session of Indian National Congress held on March 26-31, Poona Pact: agreement between Gandhi and BR Ambedkar on September 25, Individual Satyagraha was started on Ans:74)(b) Explanation: The first statement is correct. Second statement is also correct. The Home Rule Leagues of Besant and Tilak provided Gandhi with the principal means to whip up popular feeling against the Rowlett Act. In fact the radical members of the League were eager to accept a radical programme of direct action against the British Government. Ans:75)(b) Explanation: The terms feudalism and feudal system were generally applied to the early and central Middle Ages the period from the 5th century, when central political authority in the Western empire disappeared, to the 12th century, when kingdoms began to emerge as effective

7 centralized units of government Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour (lord-vassal relationship). Use of the term feudalism to describe India applies a concept of medieval European origin, according to which the landed nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villains or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection. The term Indian feudalism is an attempt to classify Indian history according to a European model. Feudalism, in its various forms, usually emerged as a result of the decentralization of an empire: especially in the Carolingian empires which both lacked the bureaucratic infrastructure necessary to support cavalry without the ability to allocate land to these mounted troops. Ans:76)(b) Explanation: The Vaikom Satyagraha was launched in Kerala in 1924 and was led by K.P. Kesava. The Vaikom Satyagraha created enthusiasm all over the country and volunteers began to arrive from different parts of India. It demanded the throwing open of Hindu temples and roads to the untouchables. Many savarna organizations such as the Nair Service Society, Nair Samajam and Kerala Hindu Sabha supported the Satyagraha. Yogakshema Sabha, the leading organization of the Nambudiri (highest Brahmins by caste), passed a resolution favoring the opening of temples to avarnas (lower castes). Ans:77)(b) Explanation: Nehru Report did not provide for separate electorates for any community or weightage for minorities, but yes it talks of Joint electorates. It also talks for Bills of rights. Ans:78)(b) Explanation: Deemed the first war of independence, Rani Laxmibai was among the leaders who took on the British forces in the revolt of It was in 1858, when Field Marshal Hugh Henry Rose attacked Jhansi to put an end to the mutiny once and for all. As it has been well documented in history books since, the brave queen took on the British forces from her fort with just an army of 4,000. She could have held on to the fort for long but she was betrayed by one of her own commanders, thus making defeat imminent. Counselled by her generals to escape immediately, Laxmibai quietly slipped away from Jhansi on horseback. Having borne an uncanny resemblance to Rani Laxmibai, Jhalkari Bai disguised herself as the queen and took command of the Jhansi army and walked right up to General Rose s camp. Upon reaching, she loudly yelled that she wanted a meeting with the General himself. This plan was both to keep the enemy forces at bay and also give the queen more time to evade capture and get out of harm s way. Ans:79)(d) Explanation: Many of the newspapers that shaped the discourse for freedom were vernacular newspapers. In fact, the then British Government was fearful of the Indian Vernacular Press. It was to muzzle vernacular newspapers, that the Vernacular Press Act was enacted in Indian newspapers became highly critical of Lord Lytton s administration, especially regarding its inhuman approach towards the victims of the famine of As a result the government decided to make a sudden strike at the Indian language newspapers, since they reached beyond the middle class readership. Ans:80)(c) Explanation: In Nehru s First Ministry, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel held Home Affairs and states and also Information and Broadcasting Baldev Singh of Panthic Party was the Defence Minister. Ans:81)(d) Explanation: Balaji Vishwanath took full advantage of the internal conflicts of the Mughal officials to increase Maratha power. He had induced Zulfiqar Khan to grant the chauth and sardeshmukhi of the Deccan. Baji Rao has been described as "the greatest exponent of guerrilla tactics after Shivaji". Balaji Baji Rao (December 8, 1720 June 23, 1761), also known as Nana Saheb, was a Peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha Empire in India. Ans:82)(b) Ans:83)(b) Ans:84)(b) Explanation: They revolted against the British after the later took over their rent-free land, 14 years after Odisha came under British rule in Paikas were essentially the peasant-militias or traditional land-owning militia of the Gajapati rulers of Odisha who rendered military service to the king during times of war while taking up cultivation during times of peace. They unfurled the banner of rebellion against the British under the leadership of Baxi Jagandhu Bidyadhara as early as 1817 to throw off the British yoke. Ans:85)(b) Explanation: Voice of India Dadabhai Naoroji Swadesamitram G. Subramaniya Iyer Ans:86)(c) Explanation: It was the other way round The Champaran tenant, informs Gandhi, was bound by law to plant three out of every twenty parts of his land with indigo for his landlord. This system was called Tinkathia. Gandhiji was a member of the formal inquiry committee set up by the Lieutenant Governor of Bihar, Sir Edward Gait. The Committee was chaired by Sir Frank Sly. It was upon the recommendations made by this committee that the Champaran Agrarian Act was passed. Gandhi s association with Champaran lasted for a year. Towards the end he had got busy with another agrarian Satyagraha at Kaira (or Kheda) in Gujarat. He did not limit his stay in Champaran to indigo issue. He promoted primary education in a 7

8 poorly literate district by inviting volunteers, who came from as far as Maharashtra and Gujarat. Ans:87)(b) Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915 Champaran Satyagraha 1917 Ahmedabad mill-worker s strike 1918 Lucknow Pact 1916 Ans:88)(b) Ans:89)(d) Ans:90)(c) Explanation: In September 1932, Mahatma Gandhi began a fast unto death to protest British support of a new Indian Constitution that would separate the Indian electorate by caste. After just six days, the British accepted an alternate proposal and he was able to break the fast. Ans:91)(b) Explanation: Tech giant Google honoured social reformer Savitribai Phule on the occasion of her birth anniversary. Savitribai had many firsts to her credit she was the first woman teacher of the first women s school in India and a pioneer in modern Marathi poetry. Savitribai taught in the school which she and her husband, Jyotirao Phule, started in 1848 with just nine students on the rolls. Savitri set up a care centre for widows and even encouraged them to remarry. She also fought for the rights of the untouchables. When bubonic plague spread in Pune in 1897, Savitri and her son opened a clinic to treat the sick. The Government of Maharashtra has instituted an award in her name to honour women social reformers. Ans:92)(c) Explanation: Under the Doctrine of Lapse, when the ruler of a protected state died without a natural heir, his/her state was not to pass to an adopted heir as sanctioned by the age-old tradition of the country. Instead, it was to be annexed to the British dominions unless the adoption had been clearly approved earlier by the British authorities. Many states, including Satara in 1848 and Nagpur and Jhansi in 1854, were annexed by applying this doctrine. Dalhousie also refused to recognize the titles of many ex-rulers or to pay their pensions. Thus, the titles of the Nawabs of Carnatic and of Surat and the Raja of Tanjore were extinguished. Ans:93)(c) Ans:94)(c) Ans:95)(d) Ans:96)(a) Ans:97)(c) Explanation: The annulment of the decision to partition Bengal was taken by Lord Curzon in 1911 because of political protests. The government did not step back immediately after the Swadeshi movement. Ans:98)(d) Ans:99)(d) Ans:100)(d) 8