Reformation and Scholasticism in Philosophy

Transcription

1 Reformation and Scholasticism in Philosophy VOLUME II AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE COSMONOMIC IDEA Herman Dooyeweerd The Paideia Press Grand Rapids

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3 REFORMATION AND SCHOLASTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II

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5 THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE COSMONOMIC IDEA AND THE SCHOLASTIC TRADITION IN CHRISTIAN THOUGHT

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7 Contents CHAPTER I THE CALVINIST REVIVAL AND THE RISE OF THE IDEA OF AN INTRINSICALLY REFORMATIONAL PHILOSOPHY 1. The Reformation of Philosophy and Its Relation to the Reformation of One s View of Life and the World...1 a. The Relation Between World View and Philosophy...1 b. Why Relativism is no Genuine World and Life View The Calvinistic World and Life View is Entirely Rooted in the Ground-motive of Scripture. The Integral Character of this Ground-motive...3 a. The Dynamic, Reformational Character of this Ground-motive. Palingenesis as the New Vital Root of Christian Scholarship...4 b. Does Kuyper s Basic Religious Conception of Christian Science Need to be Corrected by Eliminating Palingenesis?...4 c. The Reversal of the Basic Religious Relation Between the Creator and the Creature in the Humanistic Ground-motive...7 d. The Ground-motive of the Divine Word-revelation as Dunamis. The Danger of Eliminating Palingenesis from the Foundations of Reformed Science. The Critical Religious Character of the Reformational Principle...8 e. Common Grace and the Roman Catholic View of Nature. Common Grace as an Antithetic Principle...9 f. Kuyper s Appreciation of Science...11 g. The Danger of an Axiological Classification of the Temporal Manifestations of the Christian Life h. Kuyper s View of the Relation Between Science and the Other Spheres of Life According to Their Internal Nature...13 i. Why the Reformational Principle Failed to Affect Science...14 j. The Standpoint of Accommodation versus the Idea of the Sphere Sovereignty of Science...15 k. The True Significance of Kuyper s Conception of the Sphere Sovereignty of Science versus the Dogma of the Autonomy of Theoretical Thought...16 l. The Critical Religious Turn in Kuyper s View of Science Reformational Philosophy and the Spiritual Situation of Today...18 a. With its Radical Critique of the Foundations of Philosophical Thought the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea is to Some Extent in Tune with the Contemporary Spiritual Situation....18

8 viii REFORMATION AND SCHOLASTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II b. The Cause of the Emotional Prejudices against this Philosophy...19 c. Philosophy of Revelation and Christian Philosophy. Schelling s Critique of the Idea of a Christian Philosophy d. A Description of the Spiritual Climate...22 e. Dialectical Theology in Contrast to the Idea of a Christian Philosophy. Barth contra Brunner...23 f. The Problem of a Christian Philosophy in Roman Catholic Circles...25 g. A Brief Sketch of the Spirit of the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea in the Context of the Present Spiritual Situation...26 CHAPTER II PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS 1. Theological Criticism of the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea...29 a. A Brief Outline of this Theological Critique...29 b. The Implications of this Line of Thought...30 b. A Series of Questions Reformed Philosophy and the Reformed Confession a. The Formalistic Conception of the Confession...35 b. Can the Distinction between Dogma and Dogmatics be Maintained? c. A Formalistic Conception of the Authority of Science...38 d. A Parallel: The Relation Between the Practice of Law and Dogmatic Jurisprudence...40 e. Can the Science of Law be a Formal Source of Law? Is Dogmatic Science of Law a Real Science?...40 f. Legal Authority and Scientific Authority g. The Difference Between the Natural Sciences and the Normative Sciences. Normative Principle and Human Formation...42 h. The Science of History...43 i. The Cultural Context of Science and Its Sphere Sovereignty j. Holy Scripture is not Accessible to Science Without Recognition of Its Character as Divine Wordrevelation The Point of Contact Between Philosophy and the Christian Religion. The Standpoint of Accommodation a Philosophy Based on Theological Scholasticism a. Why Philosophy Cannot be Degraded to a Handmaiden of Theology...48 b. The Unique Nature of Philosophic Inquiry. Philosophy and the Special Sciences...48 c. The Implications of the Reformation of Philosophy for the Use of Scripture in Science...51

9 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF HERMAN DOOYEWEERD ix d. The Christian Religion Guarantees a Point of Contact with Philosophy. The Route to the Christian Reformation of Philosophy Can only be Discovered Through a Transcendental Critique of Philosophic Thought Reformational versus Scholastic Tendencies of Accommodation in Recent Calvinistic Thought. Reformed Science, the Kantian Critique of Knowledge, and the Logos Theory a. The Universal Validity of the Structure of Philosophical Thought and the Premature Conclusion Drawn from it...53 b. The Connection in Kuyper s Stone Lectures Between His Antithetical Standpoint in Science and His Scriptural View of the Religious Root of Human Nature c. The Role of Faith (Pistis) in Kuyper s Theory of Science...55 d. Why Official Philosophy Took so Little Notice of Kuyper s Critical Pistological Expositions e. The Critical Basic Question of the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea and the Dogmatic Premise of Kant s Critique of Knowledge...57 f. A Brief Summary of Kant s Critique of Knowledge...58 g. Kant s Chasm Between Theoretical and Practical Reason...63 h. Scholastic Philosophy and the Kantian Critique of Knowledge. A New Accommodation in the Critical Realism of Mercier s Neoscholasticism...64 i. The Calvinistic Line of Thinking Initiated by Kuyper in Opposition to the Kantian Critique of Knowledge. The Critical Realism of Kuyper, Bavinck, and Woltjer...65 j. The Origin of the Distinction Between Elements and Relations in the Object of Knowledge...67 k. The Theory of the logos in the Critical Realism of Kuyper, Bavinck, and Woltjer l. The Origin of the Logos Theory...69 m. The Logos Theory of Philo...70 n. The Logos Theory of Plotinus...71 o. The Logos Speculation in Christian Thought before the Council of Nicea (325) p. The Accommodation of the Logos Theory to the Christian Doctrines of the Trinity and Creation after the Councils of Nicea (325) and Constantinople (381)...79 q. The Attitude of Hellenistic Philosophy toward Christianity and the Christian Philosophy of Accommodation...81 r. The Basic Conflict Between the Greek Logos Theory and the Scriptural Doctrine of Creation s. How the Logos Theory Logicizes the Creation Order....84

10 x REFORMATION AND SCHOLASTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II t. The Basic Conflict between Kuyper s Logos Theory and His Theory of Sphere Sovereignty The Two Diverging Lines in Kuyper s Thought a. The Reformational Line in Kuyper s Thought...88 b. The Cosmological Significance of Kuyper s Concept of Sphere Sovereignty. His Difference with Groen van Prinsterer The Scholastic Line of Accommodation in Kuyper s Thought...92 a. The Power of the Scholastic Tradition Lies in Its Alliance with Dogmatic Theology...92 CHAPTER III THE TRANSCENDENTAL CRITIQUE OF PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT 1. The Theoretical Gegenstand Relation and Its Transcendental Basic Problem. The Naive and the Theoretical Attitudes of Thought...95 a. How is Philosophical Thought Possible as Theoretical Thought?...95 b. The Theoretical Gegenstand Relation...97 c. The Naive Attitude of Thought...98 d. First Formulation of the Transcendental Basic Problem of Philosophy: What Does the Theoretical Attitude of Thought, with Its Gegenstand Relation, Abstract from the Full Structure of Temporal Reality as This is Given in Naive Experience; and How is This Theoretical Abstraction Possible? (i) The consequence of starting from the theoretical attitude of thought as an unproblematic datum. the theoreticization of the given element in knowledge (ii) The senseless battle against the naive realism of pre-theoretical experience. the misconception of naive experience as a picture theory (iii) The Aristotelian-Thomistic epistemology is not naively realistic in the sense of a picture theory e. The Fundamentally False Identification of the Theoretical Gegenstand Relation with the Subject-Object Relation of Naive Experience f. The Structural Character of the Subject-Object Relation g. Holy Scripture is always Concerned with Naive Experience s Concrete View of Reality h. Did Hume, Kant, and Fichte (in His Third Period) Take the Side of Naive Experience?...106

11 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF HERMAN DOOYEWEERD xi 2. The Transcendental Basic Problem of Theoretical Synthesis. Self-knowledge and the Archimedean Point of Philosophy a. The Movement from Theoretical Antithesis to Theoretical Synthesis b. The Structure of Human Consciousness Spans All the Aspects of Temporal Reality c. The Effects of the Abstract Concept of the Anima rationalis in the Abstract Conception of the Human Consciousness. The False Definition of Psychology as the Science of Conscious Phenomena and the Discovery of the Unconscious d. Second Formulation of the Transcendental Basic Problem. The Archimedean Point of Philosophy e. The Modal Structures of the Aspects as Constant A Priori Frameworks for the Changing Phenomena of Reality f. Why the Special Sciences Require Philosophical Presuppositions g. The Individuality-structures as Typical Total Structures that Involve all the Aspects h. Can the Archimedean Point of Philosophy be Found in the Individuality-structures? i. The Solution to the First Formulation of the Transcendental Basic Problem Presupposes the Solution to the Second. The Problem of the Common Denominator j. The Problem of the Common Denominator of the Modal Aspects k. Why the Individuality-structures Offer Us No Archimedean Point l. The Path to the Archimedean Point is the Path of Critical Self-reflection m. Can Philosophy by Itself Lead to Self-knowledge? The Immanence Standpoint and Its Consequences n. The Sphere Universality of the Aspects and Theoretical Absolutization o. Theoretical Absolutization of a Modal Aspect Leads to a Dogmatic Elimination of the Gegenstand Problem. The Two Paths of the Immanence Standpoint p. The Critical Immanence Standpoint q. Kant and the Cartesian Cogito Ergo Sum r. The Transcendental-Logical Subject as the Archimedean Point of Kant s Critique of Knowledge s. The Transcendental-Logical Subject of Kant s Critique of Knowledge is not Identical with the Transcendent Root of the Human Personality t. Can Kant s Transcendental-Logical Subject of Thought Really Function as the Archimedean Point of His Critique of Knowledge?...128

12 xii REFORMATION AND SCHOLASTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II u. Kant s Epistemology Dogmatically Eliminates the First Two Basic Problems in the Transcendental Critique of Philosophic Thought v. Kant Recognizes the Gegenstand Relation Only in the Theoretical Distance Between the Logical and the Psychical Aspects of Experience The Third Basic Transcendental Problem a. The Origin as Absolute Ground of Theoretic Truth b. The Tendency of the Creature to Seek Its Origin c. The Idea of Origin and the Absolute Ground of Truth. The Criterion of Truth is of a Religious Nature d. The Origin of the Dialectic Ground-motives in Philosophy e. The Fundamental Difference Between Religious and Theoretical Dialectics. The Confusion of These Two in Hegelianism f. The Central Place of the Religious Ground-motive as Brought to Light by the Transcendental Critique of Philosophic Thought g. There is Solidarity in The Fall CHAPTER IV THE TRANSCENDENTAL CRITIQUE OF THEORETICAL THOUGHT AND THE THOMISTIC THEOLOGIA NATURALIS 1. The Religious Determination of the Greek Idea of Theoria The Axioms of Greek Metaphysics The Religious Law of Concentration in Human Nature The Adaptation of the Greek Idea of Theoria to the Ground-motive of Nature and Grace Causes a Shift in Meaning The Theory of the Analogia entis in Thomistic Scholasticism Analogical and Generic Concepts The Two Classes of the Analogia of Being Thomas Earlier Concept of the Proportional Analogy. The So-called Analogia proportionalitatis The Analogia proportionalitatis and the Analogia proportionis The Genuine Divine Predicates. The Greek Principle of Form as the Criterion...157

13 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF HERMAN DOOYEWEERD xiii 11. The Inherent Antinomy in the Synthesis Between Augustine s Negative Theology and Aristotle s Conception of a Natural Theology Natural Theology in the Light of Our Transcendental Critique The Scholastic Appeal to Holy Scripture for Justification of the Autonomous Theologia naturalis Why Thomas Proof of God s Existence has a Convincing Power for Thomistic Scholasticism in spite of all Criticism The Speculative Imagery in the Thomistic Proofs of God. The Task of the Transcendental Critique. The Dogmatic Prejudice in Kant s View of the Latter Indubitable States of Affairs in Reality and the So-called Theoretic Axioms The Five Ways of Thomas Proof for the Existence ofgod The Reversal of the Axioms in the Ontology in Heraclitus Dynamistic Metaphysics The Analogical Use of the causality Concept in Aristotelian-Thomistic Metaphysics Why Thomistic Scholasticism Cannot Abandon Metaphysical Natural Theology CHAPTER V THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANISTIC THINKING AS SEEN IN THE LIGHT OF THE TRANSCENDENTAL CRITIQUE 1. The Primacy of the Nature Motive in Pre-Kantian Humanistic Philosophy The Critical Turning Point in Humanistic Philosophy. Kant s Epistemology Seen in the Light of the Dialectic Development of the Humanistic Ground-motive The New Religious Meaning of the Form-Matter Motive in Kant s Critical Philosophy. Why Kant Did not Wish to Found His Critique of Knowledge in his So-called Practical Philosophy The Absolute Freedom Idealism The Transpersonalistic Conception of the Idea of Freedom and the Origin of the New Historicistic Science Ideal Humanistic Irrationalism...191

14 xiv REFORMATION AND SCHOLASTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II 7. The Doctrine of the Folk Spirit and the Battle of the Historical School against Humanistic Natural Law. The Influence of Schelling The Influence of the Historical School in the Protestant Christian (Anti-revolutionary) State Doctrine. The Demand for Reformation, also here The Dialectic Tension Between the New Historicistic Science Ideal and the Humanistic Idea of Freedom The Process of Internal Disintegration of Humanistic Philosophy and the Timeliness of a Transcendental Critique for Philosophical Thinking The Significance of the Transcendental Critique for Humanism and Roman Catholicism a. Calvinistic Thinking at the Crossroads CHAPTER VI THE COSMONOMIC IDEA AND THE BASIC STRUCTURES OF TEMPORAL REALITY A The Cosmonomic Idea as the Transcendental Basic Idea of Philosophic Thinking and the Modal Structures of Reality a. Summary of the Three Phases of the Transcendental Critique (i) What is abstracted from full temporal reality in the theoretic Gegenstand relation and how is this abstraction possible? (ii) From what standpoint can the aspects, which were separated and opposed to each other in the theoretical view of totality, be reunited? (iii) How is the choice or the Archimedean point possible? b. The Transcendental-Theoretic Idea as the Theoretic Concept Carried to Its Limit c. The Scientific Significance of the Modal Idea: it later Must Supply us with Insight into the Place of the Aspect Concerned in the Order and Coherence of all Aspects d. The Modal Nucleus in the Structure of the Aspect and Its Logical Irreducibility The Thomistic View of the Analogy Leads to Undefined and Therefore Scientifically Useless Analogical Concepts

15 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF HERMAN DOOYEWEERD xv 3. The Analogies and Anticipations in the Modal Structure of an Aspect. They are Qualified by the Modal Nucleus of Meaning Closed and Disclosed Structure of a Modal Aspect. The Process of Disclosure and the Tendency Towards Its Origin The Cosmic Order of the Modal Aspects and of the Individuality-structures is a Real Order in Time What is the Criterion of Distinguishing Between Analogy and Anticipation? The Two Boundary Aspects of Temporal Reality The First Transcendental Idea of Philosophy as a Guideline for the Method of Scientific Concept-formation The Structure of the Act of Theoretic Thinking is also Founded in this Coherence of Cosmic Time. And the Abstract Gegenstand Relation is Implicit in this Act The Second Transcendental Idea of Philosophy: how to Relate the Theoretic Concept to the One Root Common to all Modal Structures The Third Transcendental Idea: the Idea of the Origin of the Modal Aspects we Have Set Apart in the Gegenstand Relation The Synthetic Union of these Three Ideas in the Transcendental Basic Idea of the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea Kuyper s Basic Religious Conception of Calvinism and the Cosmonomic Idea of a Calvinistic philosophy No Depreciation of Theoretic Thinking. The Perspectival Structure of the Horizon of Human Experience and of Truth The Idea of the Law in a Narrow Sense. The Origin of Law Occam s Doctrine Regarding the Potestas Dei absoluta. The Continued Influence of the Greek Matter- Principle in this View of the Sovereignty of God s Will Once more: The Dogma of the Autonomy of Reason. The Normative Aspects of the Law and of the Human Person Give Form to the Normative Principles The Law as the Boundary Between the Being of God and Creature The Subject of Law is Subjected. Radical Excision of the Polar Contrast Between Rationalism and Irrationalism...220

16 xvi REFORMATION AND SCHOLASTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II 20. The Deeper, Radical Unity of God s Law The Full Meaning of the Religious Command. The Moral Law as the Unity of Norm in Scholastic Ethics The Consequences of Absolutizing the Moral Law as the Unity of Norm for Action The Deeper Coherence of the So-called Laws of Nature in the Pre-logical Law Spheres with the Norms of the Later Spheres. Natural Law and Miracle The Light Refraction of the Divine Law in the Modal Aspects of Law-Spheres within Time The Idea of the Subject as the Correlate of the Idea of the Law. The Modal Subject-Object Relation The Limits of the Modal Subject-Object Relation. Can we only See the Earlier Modal Functions in an Aspect as Object? A Correction of my Earlier Opinion in his Matter The Sensory Objectification of the Manner in Which the Modal Functions that Follow that of Language in the Cosmic Order of Time Can Become the Object of Sensory Observation The Subject-Object Relation as the Relation that Unlocks, Realizes, and Actualizes The Focusing of the Subject-Idea on the Three Transcendental Basic Problems of Philosophy B The Cosmonomic Idea and the Individualitystructures of Reality The Transcendental Problem of Unity in the Theoretic Diversity of the Individuality-structures The Intrinsic Unity of the Modal Structure as the Unity in the Theoretic Diversity of Structural Moments The Unity of the Individuality-structures is also Founded inside the Horizon of Time The Fundamental Error of the Metaphysical Way of Thinking The Humanistic Science-ideal and the Tendency to Dissolve the Individuality-structures in a Closed System of Modal Relations. The Classical Phylogenetic Doctrine in Biology The So-called Pure Law Doctrine and the Typical Structures of Human Society...239

17 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF HERMAN DOOYEWEERD xvii 8. The So-called Pure Economics and the Individualitystructures of Human Society The Universality of the Horizon of Structural Types The Connection Between the Modal and the Individuality-structures The Application of our Cosmonomic Idea to the Individuality-structures of Temporal Reality. These Structures too Can only be Approached in Theory Through Limiting Concepts Metaphysics, Starting with the Autonomy of Theoretic Thinking, Does not Penetrate to the Individual Whole with Its Substance-concept but Remains Bound to the Horizon of the Modal Aspects The Metaphysical Substance-concept is Necessarily of a Dialectical Character The Integral Character of the Individuality-structures The Deepest Layer of Temporal Individuality is Inaccessible to Theoretic Concepts CHAPTER VII THE IDEA OF THE INDIVIDUALITY- STRUCTURE AND THE THOMISTIC SUBSTANCE-CONCEPT, ESPECIALLY IN ITS ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPLICATION A The Scholastic-Thomistic Substance-concept, the Idea of the Individuality-structure and Naive Experience a. The Point of Connection Between the Substanceconcept and Things Given to Naive Experience b. The Greek Idea of Theoria in Its Religious- Contemplative Tendency c. Once More The Religious Ground-motive of Greek Metaphysics: The Form-Matter Theme d. The Thomistic Ontology e. Once More the Analogical Character of the Concept of Being and the Scholastic Method of Forming Concepts f. The Four Transcendental Definitions of the Thomistic Concept of Being g. The Connection Between the Four Transcendentalia with the Greek Form-Matter Scheme h. Potentiality and Actuality of Being. The Relation between the Scheme of Potentiality and Actuality and that of Form and Matter. The Aristotelian Synthesis of the Form and Matter Principles...271

18 xviii REFORMATION AND SCHOLASTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II i. Has the Act-Potency Scheme Conquered the Polar Dualism of the Form-Matter Motive? j. The Two Poles in the Aristotelian Scheme of Act and Potency. The Form-Matter Theme Remains Primary k. The Creation-doctrine of Thomas l. The Dialectic Ground-motive of Greek Theoria, that of Form and Matter, Nowhere Shows Its Intrinsically Dualistic Character More Succinctly than in the Scholastic View of Human Nature B The Aristotelian Predicates or Categories of Being a. The Basic Division of the Category into Substance and Its Accidentia b. The Ignoring of the Cosmic Order of Time in This Doctrine of Categories c. A Further Critique of the Aristotelian-Thomistic Doctrine of Categories. A Comparison with the Theory of the Modal Structures of Reality d. The Basic Dualism of the Form-Matter Motive Permeates the Doctrine of Categories e. The Category of Substance f. The Modern Concept of Function versus the Substance-concept g. The Substance-concept as Opposed to the Naive Experience of Things h. Definitive Critique of the Scholastic-Thomistic Substance-concept. The Substance-concept as an Uncritical Idea of the Radical Unity of a Thing i. The Religious Meaning of the Thomistic Substanceconcept. The Eucharistic Dogma of Transubstantiation C The Substance-concept and the Subject-Object Relation in Temporal Reality a. The Category of Relationship in Thomistic Metaphysics b. The Thomistic Doctrine Regarding Motion and Time c. The Antinomy Between this Doctrine of Motion and Time on the one Hand and the Substance-concept, on the Other D The Aristotelian-Thomistic Substance-concept and the Problem of Individuality a. How Aristotle Formulates the Problem of Individuality b. The Individual and the Numerical Principle. Thomas' Doctrine Regarding the Materia quantitate signata as an Individualizing Principle c. The Controversy Regarding the Meaning of Materia quantitate signata with Thomas

19 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF HERMAN DOOYEWEERD xix d. The Aftereffect of Greek Atomism in this View of Individuality e. The Thomistic View of the Individual versus Modern Mathematical Individualism f. The Dialectic Tension Between Form-type and the Individual within the Aristotelian-Thomistic Substance-concept g. Once More the Scholastic Substance-concept and the Naive Understanding of a Thing h. The Idea of the Individuality-structure and the Concept of a Thing in Naive Experience. The Individuality-structure as a Typical Structure in Time i. Individuality-structure and Individuality are Related as Law-type and the Subject Subordinate to it j. The Religious Depreciation of the Individual in Aristotelian-Thomistic Metaphysics E The Substance-concept in Thomistic Anthropology a. The Antinomy Between this View of Individuality and the Church Dogma Concerning the Individual Survival of the Human Soul. The Thomistic View of Accommodation b. Sertillanges Defense of the Thomistic Construction c. The Inner Antinomy in the Thomistic Construction d. The Thomistic Substance-concept and the Idea of Human Personality e. The Ideas as Primal Forms of Individuality in Neoplatonism. The Fundamental Differences Between the Platonic Dialectic and Aristotelian Logic f. The Influence This Neoplatonic Doctrine Exerted on Thomas and the New Antinomy it Caused in His Doctrine of Individuality g. The Augustinian View of Individuality and the Older Franciscan Current in Scholasticism h. The Averroistic School of Siger of Brabant. The Denial of Individual Immortality of the Human Soul on the Basis of the Aristotelian Principle of Individualization i. The Battle Against Thomas Doctrine of Individualization and the Initial Condemnation of it by Church Authority j. Negation and Form as an Individualizing Principle in the School of Henry of Ghent k. The Dangers of This View for a Scholastic Standpoint, Nominalism l. The Epistemological Difference between the views of Thomas and Duns Scotus m. Critique of Scotus Individuality Doctrine...366

20 xx REFORMATION AND SCHOLASTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II n. The Augustinian View Concerning the Prima materia and Its Significance for the View of Soul and Body as Two Substances o. The Stoic View Concerning Prima materia as Opposed to the Aristotelian View p. The Neoplatonic Conception of the Logoi spermatikoi : No Real Connection Between Form and Matter q. The Augustinian View is Closer to the Stoa and Accepts a Connection of Form Potential and Matter in a Semi-Aristotelian Spirit r. The Doctrine Concerning the Plurality of Substantial Forms. The Forma corporeitatis and the Metaphysics of Light in Augustinian Scholasticism s. Bonaventura s View Concerning the Relation Between Soul and Body u. The Platonic and Aristotelian Views of the Relation Between Soul and Body u. The Problem of the Compositum of Soul and Body in Scholasticism v. Thomas Reversion to the Traditional Doctrine of Human Beings as the Compositum of Two Substances and Their Cause w. Thomas Argumentation is Its Own Snare x. There is a Dialectic Necessity Inherent in the Substanceconcept. If One Accepts the Substantial Character of the Anima rationalis, One is again Forced to Give Independence to the Corpus organicum. And with that One is Forced to Abandon the Substantial Unity of Human Beings y. How is the Lasting Influence of the View of the Human Soul as an Immortal Anima rationalis, Independent of the Body, to be Explained? z. Aristotelian and Thomistic Arguments for the Independence of Theoretical Conceptual Activity vis-à-vis the Material Body aa. A Critical Examination of These Arguments. The Activity of Theoretical Thinking Made Independent: a Spiritual Substance bb. Thomas Erroneous Interpretation of the Aristotelian View. Nuyens Refutation cc. The Snare in the Aristotelian Argument. Substantializing the Gegenstand Relation dd. The Concrete Acts in the Theoretical Gegenstand Relation ee. Human Consciousness Embraces All Aspects of Reality in an Integral Fashion. The Influence of the Metaphysical Doctrine of the Soul on Epistemology ff. The Transcendental-Logical Thought Subject in Kant s Epistemology and the Isolated Intellect in the Aristotelian-Thomistic Doctrine of the Soul...414

21 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF HERMAN DOOYEWEERD xxi gg. The Acceptance of the Thomistic Doctrine Concerning the Relation Between Body and Soul within Reformed Scholasticism CHAPTER VIII THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY AND THE TUG OF WAR BETWEEN THESE DISCIPLINES 1. Is Dogmatic Theology a Special Science? Is Theology a Science? Two Points of View Eliciting a Negative Answer Augustine s Conception of the Relationship Between Theology and Philosophy The Ambiguity in the Use of the Terms Theology and Religion a. The Thomistic Conception of Theology as the Queen of the Sciences and Its Relationship to Philosophy b. The Basic Difference Between the Standpoints of Thomas and Augustine c. The Ambiguity of Thomas Terms Sacred Doctrine and Science of God Barth s Conception Concerning the Relationship Between Philosophy and Dogmatic Theology a. Kuyper s View of This Matter b. Critique of Kuyper s Conception c. We Need to Realize that even a Truly Christian Faith is Bound to the General Modal Character of the Pistic Boundary Aspect of Our Temporal Horizon of Experience. Church and Theology d. The Authentic Relationship Between Dogmatic Theology and Philosophy in the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea e. The Basic Analogical Concepts of Theology: the Analogia entis and the Analogia fidei The Modal Structure of the Aspect of Faith a. The Exceptional Character of the Aspect of Faith as the Boundary Aspect of the Temporal Horizon of Experience. Its Linkage to God s Revelation b. The Modal Nucleus of Faith and Its Structural Analogies c. The Moral Analogy d. The Jural Analogy e. The Aesthetic Analogy f. The Economic Analogy g. The Analogy of Social Interaction...450

22 xxii REFORMATION AND SCHOLASTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME II h. The Lingual Analogy: the Symbolism of Faith i. The Sacraments as Symbols of Faith j. The Historical Analogy k. The Process of Positivizing the Norm of Faith and Its Fiduciary Genetic Form l. The Closed and Opened Structures of Faith m. The Process of Opening-up in Unbelief (Apistia) n. The Connection Between the Opening-up Process of the Aspects of Faith and History o. The Logical Analogy in the Modal Structure of the Function of Faith p. The Psychic Analogy q. The Biotic Analogy r. Pistic Causation s. The Spatial Analogy t. The Arithmetical Analogy u. The Pistic Aspect of Time The Tug of War Between the Faculties in the Light of the Transcendental Critique a Aristotelian Logic and Dogmatic Theology b. The Attempt to Separate Theology and Philosophy from the Outside; The Interference of the Dutch Government in the Seventeenth Century c. The Scholastic Criterion of this Separation of Boundaries d. Kant s Lectures on the Conflict of the Faculties e. Kant s Humanistic Guidelines for Settling the Conflict Between the Theological and Philosophic Faculties. His Distinction Between Church Faith and Religious Faith f. Replacing the Ground-motive of Nature and Grace with that of Nature and Freedom g. Two Important Points in Kant s Argumentation h. The Battle Between the Scholastic Wing of Reformed Theology and the Reformational Philosophy is Necessary and Takes Place on Philosophic Terrain, Although it Touches in a More Profound Sense the Religious Ground-motive of the Christian Religion i. The Relationship of Christian Dogma to Theological Exegesis...490