Traditions & Encounters - Chapter 14: THE EXPANSIVE REALM OF ISLAM

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1 Muhammad and His Message Name: Due Date: Period: Traditions & Encounters - Chapter 14: THE EXPANSIVE REALM OF ISLAM The religion of Islam emerged on the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century C.E. as a result of the vision and the teachings of Muhammad. His message attracted a rapidly expanding circle of devout believers, known as Muslims. After Muhammad's death, Arab conquerors spread the word of Islam throughout a vast territory extending from the Indus River to the Iberian Peninsula within one century. This rapid expansion of Islam contributed to the development of a massive trade and communication network in which goods and ideas spread freely. The realm of Islam became one of the most prosperous and cosmopolitan societies of the postclassical world. This new society was characterized by Strong commitment to the monotheistic belief system, resting on the Five Pillars of Islam, first articulated by Muhammad and later elaborated on by scholars and mystics. The development of overland and maritime trade and communication routes that facilitated the spread of new crops, trade goods, and ideas, from improved techniques in agriculture to the writings of the classical Greek philosophers. Engagement with and sometimes adoption of various cultural traditions encountered by the far-flung realm and its trade contacts. Hence elements of Persian, Indian, Christian, and Greek cultures found their place into Islamic society and thought. After reading the intro paragraphs, google images for hajj. Explain what it is and its significance. What does the word Islam mean? What does the word Muslim mean? Explain the phrase dar al-islam? Section One: A Prophet and His World Describe the Bedouin society of the Arabian peninsula How did Muhammad's background influence his beliefs and the early development of Islam? Explain the main concepts of the message Muhammad received through the archangel Gabriel. Quran (literally recitation ) Hadith What is it and how is it different from the Quran? 1

2 The Establishment of Islam in Arabia Muhammad s Migration to Median What conflict arose in Mecca? Politically Economically Religiously What is the Ka ba? What is the Hijira? What is its significance? What role did the umma ( community of the faithful ) play? What similarities did Judaism, Christianity and Islam share? What was the significance of Muhammad returning to Mecca? What is the significance of the hajj to Islamic religion and culture? What were the fundamental tenets of Islam? Explain each of the 5 Pillars of the Islamic Faith Sharia - 2

3 The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty Section Two: The Expansion of Islam What problems began with the death of Muhammad? Caliph Who was the first chosen Caliph? Chief Judge Religious Leader Military Commander After Muhammad died, what were the challenges faced by dar al-islam and how were they resolved within the first century? Two parties disagreed over the succession of Muhammad. Identify each and explain how each believed the successor should be chosen. Shia Sunni Umayyad Dynasty Abbasid Dynasty Dates in power Characteristics of their government What is the jizya? Ulama Quadis - Location of Capital City Reasons for decline 3

4 The Changing Status of Women The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone New Crops, Agricultural and Urban Growth Section Three: Economy and Society to the Early Islamic World What role did commerce play in the early Islamic World? Explain how the growth of the realm of Islam contributed to the development in each of the following areas: Agricultural Industrial Urban Explain how each factor contributed to the expansion of Islamic overland and maritime trade: Camel Caravans Banking Organization of Trade What was the status of women in the early centuries of Islam? What guidance did the Quran and/or Shariah offer concerning the status and role of women? How has the perception of women in Islamic societies changed over time? 4

5 Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India and Greece The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition Section Four: Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges How did each of the following people or institutions help to promote and spread the values of Islam? (hint each one helped to unify the dar al-islam explain how/why!) Sharia Ulama Quadis Madrasas Sufis Al-Ghazali Sufi Missionaries The Hajj Explain how each of the following influenced the realm of Islam: Persia India Greece 5

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