Answer with Explanation

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1 Answer with Explanation Date 03/04/ Arrange the following in chronological order with respect to their date of arrival in India? 1. Al-Biruni 2. François Bernier 3. Ibn Battuta 4. Marco Polo (a) 1<2<3<4 (b) 1<4<3<2

2 (c) 3<4<2<1 (d) 3<2<4<1 Ans: (b) Tenth-eleventh centuries Muhammad ibn Ahmad Abu Raihan al-biruni (from Uzbekistan) Thirteenth century Marco Polo (from Italy) Fourteenth century Ibn Battuta (from Morocco) Seventeenth century François Bernier (from France) 2 Which of the following are the qualification to become a ward member of village council in Chola Empire? 1. Ownership of land 2. Qualification related to age 3. Knowledge of Vedas Only 3 Only 1 and 3 Only 1 and 2 All the above Ans: (d) Village Assemblies: The system of village autonomy with sabhas and their committees developed through the ages and reached its culmination during the Chola rule. Two inscriptions belonging to the period of Parantaka I found at Uttiramerur provide details of the formation and functions of village councils. That village was divided into thirty wards and each was to nominate its members to the village council.

3 The qualifications to become a ward member were: a. Ownership of at least one fourth veli of land. b. Own residence. c. Above thirty years and below seventy years of age. d. Knowledge of Vedas. 3 Which of the following are the cause of the fall of Hindu kingdom during medieval history? 1. The military methods of Hindu kings were out of date and far inferior to those of Muslims invaders. 2. The Hindu kings were united but lacked strategy. 3. The religious zeal of Muslim invaders was an important factor for the fall of Hindu Kingdoms. (a) Only 2 and 3 (b) Only 1 and 3 (c) Only 1 (d) All the above Ans: (b) Causes for the failure of Hindu kingdoms The causes for the downfall of Hindu states have to be analysed historically. The most important cause was that they lacked unity. They were divided by factions. The Rajput princes exhausted one another by their mutual conflicts. Secondly, many Hindu states were declining in power. Their military methods were out of date and far inferior to those of Muslims. Indians continued to rely on elephants while the Muslims possessed quick-moving cavalry. The Muslims soldiers had better organization and able leaders. Their religious zeal and their greed for the greater wealth of India provided stimulus to them. Among the Hindus, the duty of fighting was confined to a particular class, the

4 Kshatriyas. Moreover, the Hindus were always on the defensive, which was always a weak position. 4 Consider the following statements 1. Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced the system of dhag and hullia as a part of military reform. 2. Alauddin Khalji. created Diwan-i-Khairat to take care of orphans and widows (a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2 (c) Only 2 (d) None of the above Ans: (d) Statement 1 is incorrect: Alauddin Khalji introduced the system of dagh (branding of horses) and prepared huliya (descriptive list of soldiers). In order to ensure maximum efficiency, a strict review of army from time to time was carried out. Statement 2 is incorrect: Firoz Tughlaq created Diwan-i-Khairat to take care of orphans and widows 5 Consider the following statement about Sikandar Lodi 1. He was the founder of the Lodi Dynasty 2. He was a bigot and destroyed many Hindu temples 3. He was arrogant and openly humiliated his nobles.

5 (a) Only 1 and 3 (b) Only 2 (c) Only 1 and 2 (d) All the above Ans: (b) Statement 1 is incorrect: Buhlul Lodi was the first Afghan ruler while his predecessors were all Turks. He died in 1489 and was succeeded by his son, Sikandar Lodi. Statement 2 is correct: Sikandar Lodi ( ) was the greatest of the three Lodi sovereigns. Despite certain laudable qualities, he was a bigot. He destroyed many Hindu temples and imposed many restrictions on the Hindus. Yet, he was one of the great Lodi sultans who made the sultanate strong and powerful. Statement 3 is incorrect: Sikandar Lodi was succeeded by his eldest son Ibrahim Lodi who was arrogant. He insulted his nobles openly in court and humiliated them. Those nobles who revolted were put to death. 6 Which of the pair is correctly matched Name of Department in Delhi Contemporary departments sultanate 1 Diwani Ariz Military department 2 Diwani Rasalat Finance department 3 Diwani Wizarat. Religious affairs (a) Only 2 (b) Only 1 and 3 (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2 and 3

6 Ans: (c) Name of Department in Delhi Contemporary departments sultanate 1 Diwani Ariz Military department 2 Diwani Rasalat Religious affairs 3 Diwani Wizarat. Finance department 7 Consider the following about amara- nayaka 1. The amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the raya 2. The amara-nayakas collected taxes and other dues from peasants, craftspersons and traders in the area. 3. Its features were similar to the iqta system of Delhi sultanate. (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 and 3 (c) Only 1 (d) All the above Ans: (d) The amara-nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire. It is likely that many features of this system were derived from the iqta system of the Delhi Sultanate.

7 The amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the raya. They collected taxes and other dues from peasants, craftspersons and traders in the area. They retained part of the revenue for personal use and for maintaining a stipulated contingent of horses and elephants. 8 Which of the following are the features of fortification of Vijayanagara? 1. Vijayanagara had five line of fortification 2. Agricultural tracts were incorporated within the fortified area 3. The massive masonry construction was built with the use of mortar or cementing agent. (a) Only 1 and 3 (b) Only 2 and 3 (c) All the above (d) Only 2 Ans: (d) Explanations: Statement 1 is incorrect: Abdur Razzaq, an ambassador sent by the ruler of Persia to Calicut (present-day Kozhikode) in the fifteenth century, was greatly impressed by the fortifications, and mentioned seven lines of forts. Statement 2 is correct: Why do you think agricultural tracts were incorporated within the fortified area? Often, the objective of medieval sieges was to starve the defenders into submission. These sieges could last for several months and sometimes even years. Normally rulers tried to be prepared for such situations by building large granaries within fortified areas. The rulers of Vijayanagara adopted a more expensive and elaborate strategy of protecting the agricultural belt itself. Statement 3 is incorrect: The outermost wall of Vijayanagara was linked to the hills surrounding the city. The massive masonry construction was slightly tapered. No mortar or cementing agent was employed anywhere in the construction. The stone blocks were

8 wedge shaped, which held them in place, and the inner portion of the walls was of earth packed with rubble. Square or rectangular bastions projected outwards. 9 Which of the following is not correct about dahsala system? (a) Revenue was fixed on the average yield of the land assessed on the basis of past 10 years. (b) Payment of revenue was generally made in cash. (c)the land was also divided into four categories Polaj, Milkiyat, Chachar and Banjar. (d) The system was introduced by Todar Mal Ans: (C) Explanations: Land Revenue Administration Akbar made some experiments in the land revenue administration with the help of Raja Todar Mal. The land revenue system of Akbar was called Zabti or Bandobast system. It was further improved by Raja Todar Mal. It was known as Dahsala System which was completed in By this system, Todar Mal introduced a uniform system of land measurement. The revenue was fixed on the average yield of land assessed on the basis of past ten years. The land was also divided into four categories Polaj (cultivated every year), Parauti (once in two years), Chachar (once in three or four years) and Banjar (once in five or more years). Payment of revenue was made generally in cash. The zamindars held extensive personal lands termed milkiyat, meaning property. 10 Which of the following is correct about Mansabdari system? 1. Mansabdar was responsible for looking after the civil and military affairs of the state. 2. All Mansabdars were assigned jagirs in different region of the empire. (a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2

9 (c)only 2 (d) None of the above Ans: (a) Explanations: The Mughal administrative system had at its apex a military cum- bureaucratic apparatus (mansabdari) which was responsible for looking after the civil and military affairs of the state. Some mansabdars were paid in cash (naqdi), while the majority of them were paid through assignments of revenue (jagirs) in different regions of the empire. 11 Consider the following statements: 1. Black Carbon particles strongly absorb solar and terrestrial radiation and heats up the atmosphere and it can upset the monsoon system 2. Brown Carbon is also known as organic carbon and it comes from complex organic reactions in the airborne atmospheric particles Which of the above statements is/are true? (a) 1 Only (b) 2 Only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Ans: (c) Statement 1 is correct as Black Carbon particles strongly absorb solar and terrestrial radiation and heats up the atmosphere it can upset the monsoon system. If deposited on snow, it could accelerate the heating of snow and quicken the melting of glaciers. Black Carbon as a pollutant known to aggravate breathing disorders.

10 Statement 2 is correct as Brown Carbon or organic carbon comes from complex organic reactions in the airborne atmospheric particles. This includes 1. Tar materials form smoldering fires or coal combustion. 2. Breakdown products from biomass burning. 3. A mixture of organic compounds emitted from soil and volatile organic compounds given off by vegetation. 12 Which of the following statements are true regarding Article 35A: 1. Article 35A was incorporated into the Constitution in 1954 by an amendment of the constitution under article The article gives the Jammu and Kashmir legislature the necessary powers to decide who all are permanent residents of the state (a) 1 Only (b) Both 1 and 2 (c) 2 Only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Ans: (c) Statement 1 is incorrect: Article 35A was incorporated into the Constitution in 1954 by an order of the then President Rajendra Prasad on the advice of the Jawaharlal Nehru Cabinet. Statement 2 is correct: Article 35A is a provision incorporated in the Constitution giving the Jammu and Kashmir Legislature a carte blanche to decide who all are permanent residents of the State and confer on them special rights and privileges in public sector jobs, acquisition of property in the State, scholarships and other public aid and welfare.

11 The provision mandates that no act of the legislature coming under it can be challenged for violating the Constitution or any other law of the land. 13 Arrange the following National parks in descending order of their tiger densities: 1. Jim Corbett National park 2. Orang national park 3. Bandipur national park 4. Kaziranga National park (a) 1>2>3>4 (b) 2>4>1>3 (c) 4>3>2>1 (d) 3>4>1>2 Ans: (b) Orang has the highest tiger density nationally. Orang has the density of 28 big cats followed by Kaziranga National Park (12.72) in Assam, Jim Corbett National Park (11) in Uttarakhand and Bandipur National Park (10.28) in Karnataka. States having higher tiger population in terms of numbers - Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Assam, Kerala. 14 Which of the following statements are true regarding Article 32: 1. It was called the heart and soul of the constitution by Dr. Ambedkar 2. Article 32 can be invoked only to get a remedy related to fundamental rights 3. Supreme Court can issue writs under the article for enforcement of Fundamental rights and any other matter

12 (a) 2 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3 Ans: B Statement 1 is correct: Article 32 was called the soul of the constitution and very heart of it by Dr. Ambedkar. Statement 2 is correct: Article 32 can be invoked only to get a remedy related to fundamental rights. It is not there for any other constitutional or legal right for which different laws are available. Statement 3 is incorrect: Supreme Court has power to issue writs for enforcement of ONLY Fundamental rights, High Courts can issue writs for enforcement of fundamental rights as well as any other matter also. Thus, High Court has a wider jurisdiction from Supreme Court in matter of issuing writs. 15 Which of the following is the first water body in the country to be declared as a biodiversity heritage site? (a) Chilka Lake (b) Ashtamudi lake (c) Ameenpur lake (d) Loktak lake Ans: (c) Ameenpur Lake is an ancient man-made lake in western part of Telangana that dates back to the time of Ibrahim Qutb Shah, who ruled the kingdom of Golconda between 1550 and

13 1580. It becomes the first Biodiversity Heritage Site in the country. The lake is now divided into two parts called Pedda Ameenpur and Chinna Cheruvu.