The World of Islam. Chapter 6
|
|
- Lillian Johnson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The World of Islam Chapter 6
2 STANDARD WHI.8a The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by a) describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam; Origins of Islam Muhammad, the Prophet Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula: Early Muslim cities Spread of Islam Across Asia and Africa, and into Spain Geographic extent of first Muslim empire Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam Monotheism (Allah, Arabic word for God ) Qur an (Koran): The word of God Five pillars of Islam Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Moses and Jesus
3 b) assessing the influence of geography on Islamic economic, social, and political development, including the impact of conquest and trade; Geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia, facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short-lived. Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands. Slavery was not based on race. c) identifying historical turning points that affected the spread and influence of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi a division, and the Battle of Tours; Historical turning points Death of Ali - Sunni-Shi a division Muslim conquest of Jerusalem and Damascus Islamic capital moved to Baghdad Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols
4 d) citing cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization. Cultural contributions and achievements Architecture (Dome of the Rock) Mosaics Arabic alphabet Universities Translation of ancient texts into Arabic Scientific contributions and achievements Arabic numerals (adapted from India, including zero) Algebra Medicine Expansion of geographic knowledge
5 The Arabs The Rise of Islam Arose in the Arabian Peninsula and influenced Western Asia and beyond. They were a nomadic, Semitic-speaking people who lived in the arid climate of the Arabian Peninsula. The environment was harsh, they were organized into tribes and were led by a sheikh who was chosen from a council of elders. The tribes were independent, but worked together
6 Early Religion -Most Early Arabs were polytheistic, many recognized a chief, or supreme god who they called Allah which is Arabic for God. -Allah was symbolized by a sacred stone, each tribe had their own stone, but there was one central stone called the Black stone which was placed in the shrine called the Kaaba. -This shrine was located in the city of Makkah (Mecca) in what is now Saudi Arabia.
7 Trade The Arabian Peninsula became an important center for trade. The city of Mecca became rich from the caravan trade traffic which passed through the area. The domestication of the camel enabled traffic to cross the deserts and as empires grew up in the region trade increased greatly. As the merchants became rich from the Caravan traffic the life of the poor people of the area suffered.
8 The Life of Muhammad Muhammad was born in Makkah in present-day Saudi Arabia to a merchant family. His parents died when he was young and he ended up living with his uncle who was a merchant and he became a caravan manager. Muhammad in Arabic Calligraphy
9 Muhammad married an older widow named Khadija. Over time, he found the richness and corruption of the merchants and townspeople to be troubling. He decided to visit the hills to meditate. Muslims believe that while he was meditating in the hills he received revelations from God through the Angel Gabriel.
10 Muhammad s Revelation Muslims believe the Angel Gabriel told Muhammad to recite what he heard, it was believed that Allah had already revealed himself through Moses and Jesus, but now had a final revelation for man. This final revelation became the religion of Islam. Which means submission to the will of God.
11 The Quran (Koran) The revelations to Muhammad were written down by scribes and became known as The Quran, which is the holy book of Islam. The Quran contains ethical guidelines and laws by which Muslims (followers of Islam) should live their lives.
12 The Nature of The Quran The Quran is written in Arabic, which was the language of Muhammad. The Quran is considered to only be true when it is written in its original language. Translations are thought to lose the true meaning of the original words which are believed to be a direct revelation from God. The Muslim observance of Ramadan is to commemorate the recording of the holy text.
13 After the Revelation After Muhammad received his revelation he went to his wife Khadija, she was his first convert to the new religion. He began to try to convert the people of Makkah to his message, but he was unsuccessful. After three years he was forced to go to the city of Yathrib, which later became Medina. This flight, or migration, is known as the Hijrah and marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. This was in the year 622 CE.
14 Acceptance in the city of the Prophet In Yathrib, renamed Medina (which means the city of the prophet) Muhammad was accepted and gained followers. One of the groups which converted to the new religion of Islam were the Bedouins who were desert Arabs. This new community became the first to practice the religion. After several years, Muhammad became both a spiritual and political leader, there was not an idea of the separation of church and state. He raised an army and conquered the city of Makkah.
15 The Kaaba After Muhammad took the city of Makkah he cleansed the Kaaba of idols and dedicated it to Allah, who he taught was the one true God. All Muslims are encouraged to make a pilgrimage to Makkah known as the Hajj at least once in their life if they are physically and financially able.
16 The Teachings of Muhammad Islam is Monotheistic, like Judaism and Christianity. Islam teaches a belief in an afterlife, those who hope to achieve this afterlife must submit to the will of Allah. Muslims do not believe the Muhammad was divine, they believe that he was a man. Islam is seen not just as a religion, but as a way of life.
17 Muslims believe that Islam was God s final revelation for mankind. Muslims feel that in order to achieve salvation that they must obey the will of Allah, or God. In order to do this they must follow the five major principles of Islam known as the Five Pillars of Islam.
18 The Five Pillars of Islam 1-Declaration of Faith Muslims must state that there is not God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. 2. Daily Prayer Muslims must pray five times a day facing the Kaaba in Mecca. Pre Dawn Noon Afternoon Sunset Evening
19 Five Pillars Continued Charity Muslims are supposed to help others and donate part of their income to charity. 4. Fasting-Ramadan Muslims must fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan which celebrates the recording of the Quran.
20 5. Pilgrimage: Hajj Hajj The fifth pillar of Islam is the Hajj. Once in a lifetime, if they are physically and financially able, Muslims are to journey to Mecca (Makkah) in Saudi Arabia and perform the rituals of the Hajj.
21 Islamic Law After the death of Muhammad there were further interpretations of his teachings. These are known as the Hadith. There are different versions of the Hadith for different branches of Islam. These teachings were further interpreted in the Shari ah. This is a set of laws which regulate many aspects of Muslim life. It does not separate between church and state and covers family life, business, government, and moral conduct. Muslims are expected to practice honesty and justice in dealing with others and are forbidden to gamble, eat pork, drink alcohol, or engage in dishonest behavior.
22 Facts about Islam Minaret Quran (Koran)-Holy book of Islam Muslim- A follower of Islam Mosque- A Muslim House of Worship Minarets- The towers located on a Mosque from which the Muezzin calls the faithful to prayer.
23 Section 2 The Arab Empire and its Successors
24 Creation of An Arab Empire After the death of Muhammad, unity was difficult to maintain. The friend and father-in-law of Muhammad, Abu Bakr, was chosen to be the first Caliph, or successor to Muhammad. Abu Bakr helped to unify the Muslim world and expanded in Arabia and beyond. Under the idea of jihad, or struggle in the way of God the early Muslims expanded their territory. The believed that defensive warfare was permitted by the Quran.
25 Arab Rule The Arabs were now united and expanded their territory instead of fighting each other. They defeated the Byzantine army in 636 taking the province of Syria. By 642 they took Egypt and by 650 they controlled the Persian Empire
26 After Abu Bakr died there was conflict over who would be the next Caliph. The next two Caliphs were both assassinated. After that Muhammad s son-in-law Ali was appointed Caliph, but five years later he too was assassinated.
27 Administration Muslims administrators were fairly tolerant of the people they defeated. Initially, both Christians and Jews were allowed to practice their religions, with some restrictions, because they were People of the Book who had written scriptures revealed to them by God before the time of Muhammad. Those who chose not to convert had to be loyal to the Muslim state and pay a special tax.
28 The Umayyad Dynasty At the beginning of the eighth century Islam had expanded across northern Africa and had converted the Berbers (a pastoral people along the Mediterranean coast) to the faith. By 710 combined Berber and Arab forces crossed the Strait of Gibraltar into Spain and had taken most of the country by 725. In 732, however, the Muslim advance into Europe was halted at the Battle of Tours.
29 By 750 the Muslim advance came to an end. The southern and eastern Mediterranean and parts of the old Roman Empire were now Muslim territory. The Umayyad Dynasty was centered in Damascus, in modern-day Syria and was wealthy. This was also a very diverse empire as many different peoples had been conquered in new territory. The diversity helped lead to a split within the Islamic faith
30
31 A Split in Islam Many non-arab Muslims resent the favoritism which the Umayyad Empire showed toward Arabs. The large empire was difficult to rule efficiently and there were financial problems as well.
32 The Revolt of Hussein The grandson of Muhammad, Hussein, led a revolt against the Umayyad Empire in 680. His solders defected and he was killed by an overwhelming Umayyad force. This struggle led to a split within the faith of Islam between Sunni and Shi a (Shiite) Muslims.
33 Sunni vs. Shi a (Shiite) Sunni Muslims supported the Umayyad Dynasty. They believe the Caliph does not need to be a direct descendant of Muhammad. Shi a Muslims supported Hussein and believe that the Caliph should be a direct descendant of Muhammad through his son-in-law Ali and his grandson.
34 Umayyad Architecture
35 The Abbasid Dynasty Amidst growing resentment toward the Umayyad Dynasty Abu al-abbas, a descendent of Muhammad s uncle, overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty in 750 and est. the Abbasid Dynasty. The Dynasty lasted until 1258 A.D.
36 Abbasid Rule The Abbasids moved the capital of their empire to Baghdad. This move increased Persian influence and changed Abbasid culture. Under this dynasty the new heroes were judges, merchants, and government officials. This dynasty did not favor Arab rule and the empire became more culturally diverse.
37 Harun al-rashid The greatest of the caliphs of the dynasty. This is called the golden age of the Abbasid Dynasty (Caliphate) He was known for his charity and was a great supporter of culture and the arts. His son continued the tradition and supported the study of astronomy and began to translate classical Greek works into Arabic.
38 Trade Baghdad became a major crossroads for trade. This made the city very wealthy. This also helped spread products and knowledge from the Middle East to parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe.
39 Government Administration The government of the Abbasids became more like a monarchy. The bureaucracy which assisted the Caliph became more complicated. In order to assist him the Caliph appointed a Vizier who was like a prime minister. This man was the chief advisor to the Caliph and would help him run the government.
40
41 Decline and Division There was great difficulty in the Abbasid Dynasty with imperial succession. There was also financial corruption. Caliphs began to recruit from non-arab groups for government administration such as the Turks and the Persians. These groups came to dominate the political situation.
42 Rulers of provinces began to break away and establish independent kingdoms. Spain had an independent Caliphate at Cordoba which had been established in 750 by Umayyad rulers who fled the Abbasid Dynasty. Morocco became independent. The Fatimid dynasty was established in Egypt with the capital at Cairo in 973.
43 Seljuk Turks and the Crusades As the Fatimid Dynasty in Egypt became more powerful they became the new center of the Muslim world. One group which came to power in this region were the Seljuk Turks. The Turks played a large role in the military and many rose through the ranks to gain a lot of political power.
44 The Turks were originally a nomadic people who converted to Islam and were great soldiers in the Abbasid caliphate. As the Abbasids weakened, the Turks became stronger moving into the areas of Iran and Armenia. They eventually took over many Abbasid territories.
45 The Sultan The Turks were ruled by a Sultan, meaning holder of power. While the Abbasids were still a religious authority when the Turks captured Baghdad they were the military and political leaders of the state. The Turks in the second half of the 11 th century kept putting pressure on the Byzantine Empire. In 1071 they defeated the Byzantine army at Manzikert and gained control of Asia Minor (Anatolian Peninsula) In desperation, the Byzantine Empire turned to the West for help. This led to a series of wars known as The Crusades.
46 The Crusades The Byzantine Emperor Alexius I sent a letter to the Pope (Urban II) asking for help against the Turks. This led to a series of wars in 1096 known as The Crusades. At first the Crusaders were successful and took the city of Jerusalem. In 1187 the Muslim leader Saladin retook the city, leaving the Christians with only a small collection of land holdings in the Middle East. The Crusades had a lasting impact-breeding centuries of mistrust between the Muslim world and the Christian World.
47 The Mongol Threat The Mongols were a pastoral, horse-riding people who swept out of the Gobi in the early 13 th century to seize control over much of the known world. The were not Muslims and find it difficult to adapt to city life. The spread destruction across Asia into Muslim territory. The Invasion began with Genghis Khan and was continued under the leadership Kublia Khan and Hulegu. They seized Mesopotamia Persia and Mesopotamia destroying the city of Baghdad in 1258 The Mongols made it as far as the Red Sea, but were unable to take Egypt. Over time the Mongol rulers converted to Islam and rebuilt the Muslim world.
48 Section 3: Islamic Civilization
49 Prosperity in the Islamic World The Muslim empires carried on extensive trade with China, the Byzantine Empire, India, and SE Asia. Trade was done by ship and by camel caravans which traveled from Morocco in to West to the countries beyond the Caspian Sea in Central Asia. Goods Sub Saharan Africa: Gold and Slaves China: Silk and Porcelain E. Africa: Gold and Ivory SE Asia and India: Sandalwood and Spices. Egypt: Grain Iraq: Linen, Dates, and Precious Stones W. India: Textiles The development of banking helped to facilitate trade and eventually influenced European banking systems during the European Renaissance.
50
51 The Role of Cities Flourishing trade led to wealthy and successful cities. Baghdad-Was known as the city of peace and was highly successful under the Abbasids Cairo: Was part of the Fatimid Dynasty Cordoba: Capital of Umayyad Spain Cities had Palaces for the Caliphs and mosques for worship. There were also public buildings with fountains, courtyards, public baths, and a bazaar.
52 The covered market was a central part of each Muslim city. There were high standards for business and sanitation. It was a place where people could acquire both goods and services. The Bazaar
53 Agriculture While cities were expanding a vast majority of the people still lived in the country and made their living in agriculture. Originally the land was owned by peasants, but was eventually bought by aristocrats and was worked by slave labor.
54 Islamic Society Islam is considered more than just a religion, it is seen as a way of life that encompasses politics, economics, and social life. According to the Quran, all people were equal in the eyes of Allah, but in reality, the Muslim Empires did not follow this ideal. There was a well developed upper and lower class. Non-Muslims were not considered equal to Muslims and slavery was widespread (as in the rest of the ancient world). Slaves were usually non-muslims because Islamic law made it illegal for one Muslim to enslave another. Slaves served in the military or served as domestic servants. Slaves could sometimes purchase their freedom and it was considered a good act to free ones slaves.
55 The Role of Women Originally, the Quran granted women spiritual and social equality with men. Both men and women were to be friends and protectors of one another. Women could earn a living and own and inherit property. They played a prominent role in the rise of Islam. Men and Women had assigned social duties, but most societies in which Islam arose were male dominated
56 Women in these societies had to have a male guardian and parents arranged marriages for their children. Men could have up to four wives, but they had to pay a dowry (gift of money or property) to their wives families. Women did have the right to divorce and adultery was forbidden for both men and women. After the spread of Islam local traditions began to assert themselves and many of the rights that were initially given to women in Islam were replaced by older traditions which denied women equal rights. A similar thing happened to the rights of early Christian women once Christianity became merged with Roman influence.
57 The Veil The veil worn by Muslim women is traditionally called the Hijab. The ideal of women wearing veils was common in many Middle Eastern cultures before the advent of Islam. In Ancient Mesopotamia a veil was a symbol of status, purity, and moral character. There is some controversy over this use of these veils today. There are different interpretations of this tradition in different parts of the Muslim world. In general, women and men are supposed to dress modestly, the degree of that modesty varies from region to region according to local custom and tradition.
58 In the Quran the Hijab has different meanings it can mean a curtain or partition dividing rooms--in other verses it is a sacred divide between the earth and holy, god and human, light and dark, and men and women. The Hijab covers the head and Neck The covering that women wear varies from country to country. The Chador covers the full body with a head scarf underneath. The Burka (Burqa) is a veil that completely covers the face and body.
59 Section 4: Culture of Islam
60 Philosophy, Science, and History The Arab world was aware of Greek thought and had been in the process of translating and preserving these works for years. This becomes very important later on when this knowledge is rediscovered by Europe during The Renaissance. The knowledge of the Muslim world was preserved in Baghdad in a library known as the House of Wisdom.
61 Preservation of Knowledge Muslim scholars helped to preserve the knowledge of Greece and Rome by translating works and making them available to other scholars. It is because of this that European scholars were able to rediscover the works of Aristotle and other Greek philosophers. In the twelfth century these works were translated into Latin. The discovery of paper-making technology from China made this much easier.
62 Islamic Advancements Muslims scholars not only preserved works of Greek philosophy, they also interpreted the works and wrote extensive commentary on them. The Muslim philosopher Ibn-Rushd wrote on nearly all of Aristotle s works.
63 Math and Science Muslim scholars adopted and passed on the numerical system of India, and the use of zero. These numbers came to be known in the west as Arabic numbers. A ninth-century Arab mathematician also developed algebra.
64 Astrolabe Muslims also studied astronomy which led to the development of the Astrolabe. This instrument was used for naval navigation by observing the positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies. This invention made it possible for European sailors to sail to the Americas.
65 Medicine The Muslims philosopher and scientist Ibn Sina wrote a medical encyclopedia which explained contagious diseases. This became the foundation for later European medical advancements.
66 History The Muslims historian Ibn-Khaldun lived in the 14 th century. This book, Introduction to History proposed a cyclical view of history with the rise and fall of civilizations.
67 Literature Many Muslims consider the Quran to be the greatest work of Muslim literature, but there was a strong oral tradition prior to the Quran which continued to have influence. The poet Omar Khayyam. He was a twelfth century Persian poet, mathematician, and astronomer. The wrote about many different themes and his poems were recorded by his friends after his death.
68 The 1001 Nights/Arabian Nights Probably the most famous piece of Muslim literature is the 1001 Nights or Arabian Nights. This is a collection of stories based around a central theme. The Sultan king of Baghdad wishes to kill his wife on their wedding night. The princess Scheherazade tells him stories each night to prevent her death, eventually winning him over. The tales include the familiar stories of Aladdin and Ali Baba and the forty thieves.
69 Art and Architecture Islamic art is a blend of Arab, Turkish, and Persian traditions. Islamic art and architecture is guided by the Quran which forbids of representation of living beings. So mosques and palaces are decorated with floral motifs and geometric patterns (known as arabesque) and Arabic script.
70 The Great Mosque at Samarra In present-day Iraq, it was the largest mosque at the time. It covered 10 acres. Most famous section is the minaret, or tower, it is from this tower that the Muezzin, or crier calls the faithful to prayer five times a day.
71 Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain Ninthcentury mosque in southern Spain. Its hundreds of columns support horseshoe arches and make it seem like a forest of trees.
72 Arabesque and Calligraphy Since depictions of living things are forbidden many Mosques are decorated with Arabesque and Arabic Calligraphy.
73
74
I. The Rise of Islam. A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods.
I. The Rise of Islam A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods. 1. Mecca and Muhammad Mecca was a great trading center
More informationUnit 8: Islamic Civilization
Unit 8: Islamic Civilization Standard(s) of Learning: WHI.8 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by a) Describing the origin, beliefs, traditions,
More informationISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONS A.D.
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONS 600-1000 A.D. ISLAM VOCAB Muhammad the Prophet- the founder of Islam Islam- monotheistic religion meaning submission Muslim- followers of Islam Mecca- holy city to Arab people located
More informationThe Arab Empire and Its Successors Chapter 6, Section 2 Creation of an Arab Empire
The Arab Empire and Its Successors Chapter 6, Section 2 Creation of an Arab Empire Muhammad became a leader of the early Muslim community Muhammad s death left no leader he never named a successor and
More informationThe Arabian Peninsula. Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns
The Rise of Islam The Arabian Peninsula Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns Middle East: Climate Regions Fresh Groundwater Sources Mountain Ranges
More informationExpansion. Many clan fought each other. Clans were unified under Islam. Began military attacks against neighboring people
Islamic Empires Expansion Many clan fought each other Clans were unified under Islam Began military attacks against neighboring people Defeated Byzantine area of Syria Egypt Northern Africa Qur an permitted
More informationIn the last section, you read about early civilizations in South America. In this section, you will read about the rise of Islam.
CHAPTER 10 Section 1 (pages 263 268) The Rise of Islam BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about early civilizations in South America. In this section, you will read about the rise of Islam.
More informationThe rise of the Islamic Empire
The rise of the Islamic Empire 600-1250 The Rise of Islam The Arabian Peninsula is a crossroads of 3 con@nents: Africa, Europe and Asia Trade routes connected Arabia to many areas such as Byzan@ne, Persian,
More informationChapter 10: The Muslim World,
Name Chapter 10: The Muslim World, 600 1250 DUE DATE: The Muslim World The Rise of Islam Terms and Names Allah One God of Islam Muhammad Founder of Islam Islam Religion based on submission to Allah Muslim
More informationMuslim Civilizations
Muslim Civilizations Muhammad the Prophet Born ca. 570 in Mecca Trading center; home of the Kaaba Marries Khadija At 40 he goes into the hills to meditate; God sends Gabriel with a call Khadija becomes
More informationChapter 9: Islam & the Arab Empire, Lesson 3: Islamic Civilization
Chapter 9: Islam & the Arab Empire, 600 1000 Lesson 3: Islamic Civilization World History Bell Ringer #41 12-4-17 1. What led to the development of the Islamic caliphate? A. The death of Muhammad left
More information5/10/2018. The Islamic Civilization. A Study of the Faith / Empire / Culture. Mecca / Makkah. Isolated Peninsula. Southwestern = Fertile
The Islamic Civilization A Study of the Faith / Empire / Culture Mecca / Makkah 1 Isolated Peninsula Southwestern = Fertile Remainder = Arid Plains / Desert Agriculture along the coastal areas Bedouin
More informationnetw rks Where in the world? When did it happen? Islamic Civilization Lesson 1 A New Faith ESSENTIAL QUESTION Terms to Know GUIDING QUESTIONS
Lesson 1 A New Faith ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do religions develop? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did physical geography influence the Arab way of life? 2. What message did Muhammad preach to the people of Arabia?
More informationThe Islamic World and Africa. Chapter 9
The Islamic World and Africa Chapter 9 Rise of Islam Due to warfare between the Byzantine and Persian empires trade land routes were changed. Sea routes were now used, connecting India with Arabian Peninsula
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 3 Islamic Civilization ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How can religion influence the development of an empire? How might religious beliefs affect society, culture, and politics? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary
More informationTHE ISLAMIC WORLD THROUGH 1450 Settle in this is going to be a long one
THE ISLAMIC WORLD THROUGH 1450 Settle in this is going to be a long one Pre-Islamic Bedouin Culture Well-established on the Arabian Peninsula, mostly nomadic, tribal, and polytheistic The Sheikh was the
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 2 The Arab Empire and the Caliphates ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How can religion influence the development of an empire? How might religious beliefs affect society, culture, and politics? Reading HELPDESK
More informationChapter 13.2 The Arab Empire and the Caliphates & Islamic Civilization
Chapter 13.2 The Arab Empire and the Caliphates & Islamic Civilization Essential Questions How can religion influence the development of an empire? How might religious beliefs affect society, culture,
More informationArabian Peninsula Most Arabs settled Bedouin Nomads minority --Caravan trade: Yemen to Mesopotamia and Mediterranean
I. Rise of Islam Origins: Arabian Peninsula Most Arabs settled Bedouin Nomads minority --Caravan trade: Yemen to Mesopotamia and Mediterranean Brought Arabs in contact with Byzantines and Sasanids Bedouins
More informationChapter 9: Islam & the Arab Empire, Lesson 1: The First Muslims
Chapter 9: Islam & the Arab Empire, 600 1000 Lesson 1: The First Muslims World History Bell Ringer #39 11-28-17 Write down what you know about Islam in the lines provided below. It Matters Because Early
More informationIslam AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS ( )
Islam AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS (600 1450) Throughout most of its history, the people of the Arabian peninsula were subsistence farmers, lived in small fishing villages, or were nomadic traders
More informationSection 2. Objectives
Objectives Explain how Muslims were able to conquer many lands. Identify the divisions that emerged within Islam. Describe the rise of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. Explain why the Abbasid empire
More informationChapter 10. Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Chapter 10 Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations Section 1 The Byzantine Empire Capital of Byzantine Empire Constantinople Protected by Greek Fire Constantinople Controlled by: Roman Empire Christians Byzantines
More informationWhere in the world? RESG When did it happen? Chapter 14 Map Title: Where in the World? File a.d. Name: 500 C14_L1_wsresg_01A.ai Map Size: 39p6 x 20p0
Lesson 1 A New Faith ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do religions develop? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did physical geography influence the Arab way of life? 2. What message did Muhammad preach to the people of Arabia?
More information5/8/2015. The Islamic Civilization. A Study of the Faith / Empire / Culture. Isolated Peninsula. Southwestern = Fertile
The Islamic Civilization A Study of the Faith / Empire / Culture Mecca / Makkah 1 Isolated Peninsula Southwestern = Fertile Remainder = Arid Plains / Desert Agriculture along the coastal areas Bedouin
More informationName Class Date. Vocabulary Builder. 1. Identify the person who declared himself a prophet of Allah. Describe him.
Section 1 DIRECTIONS Answer each question by writing a sentence that contains at least one word from the word bank. Muslims Muhammad Five Pillars of Islam jihad 1. Identify the person who declared himself
More informationIslamic World. Standard: Trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE.
Islamic World Standard: Trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE. Essential Question: What were the origins and expansion of the Islamic World? Islam Element: Explain
More informationChapter 10: Section 1 Main Ideas
Chapter 10: Section 1 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Islam was created by Muhammad in 570 ACE Main Idea #2: Islam is monotheistic, Allah is God, Quran is the sacred text of Islam, and Prophets were Abraham,
More informationThe Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmit
The World of Islam The Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmitted his words through Mohammad,
More informationThe Rise of Islam. Muhammad changes the world
The Rise of Islam Muhammad changes the world LOCATION Arabian Peninsula Southwest Asia, AKA the Middle East Serves as a bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe, allowing goods and ideas to be shared. SOUTHWEST
More informationWarmup. Islam is a monotheistic religion. What does monotheistic mean? Belief in one god
ISLAM Warmup Islam is a monotheistic religion. What does monotheistic mean? Belief in one god Agenda Warmup Islam PPT & Notes Venn Diagram Islam, Christianity, Judaism Pre-Islamic Arabia Pre-Islamic Arabia
More informationWhat is Islam? Second largest religion in the world. 1.2 Billion Muslims (20% of earth population) Based on beliefs on Jews & Christians
Islamic Religion What is Islam? Second largest religion in the world 1.2 Billion Muslims (20% of earth population) Began in modern day Saudi Arabia Based on beliefs on Jews & Christians Abraham is first
More informationWorld History I Mrs. Rogers Sem
World History I Mrs. Rogers Sem. 1 2012 Chapter 10 Study Guide: Muslim Civilizations Section 1: Rise of Islam Bedouins (bed-oh-ins): a tribe of nomads that lived in the desert of the Arabian peninsula
More informationArabia before Muhammad
THE RISE OF ISLAM Arabia before Muhammad Arabian Origins By 6 th century CE = Arabic-speakers throughout Syrian desert Arabia before Muhammad Arabian Origins By 6 th century CE = Arabic-speakers throughout
More informationNOTES: Unit 3 -Chapter 9: The Islamic World and Africa. In this chapter you will learn about developments in the during the.
Name NOTES: Unit 3 -Chapter 9: The Islamic World and Africa Introduction In this chapter you will learn about developments in the during the. Important Ideas A. Mohammed founded in the seventh century.
More informationIslamic Civilization
Islamic Civilization Overview No strict separation between religion and state; human beings should believe and behave in accordance with the commandments of Islam; Questions of politics, economics, civil
More informationTHE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I
THE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I MUHAMMAD THE PROFIT From Mecca in modern day Saudi Arabia Muhammad was a middle aged merchant who claimed the Angel Gabriel asked him to recite the word of God As a Merchant
More informationWHI.08: Islam and WHI.10: Africa
Name: Date: Period: WHI08: Islam and WHI10: Africa WHI08 The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by a) describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs,
More informationIslam and Geography. Clara Kim All rights reserved.
Islam and Geography Copyright Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved. Deserts Only a small strip of fertile land in south of Saudi Arabia Few oases The rest is Desert Bedouins Nomads who live in the desert
More information[ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq
[ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq [ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq Learning Objectives Describe the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia. Explain the origins and beliefs of Islam, including the significance
More informationAbraham s Genealogy. Judaism-Torah. Islam-Quran Muhammad (the last prophet) Quran and the Five Pillars of Islam.
Abraham s Genealogy 100-1500 HAGAR Islam-Quran ABRAHAM Judaism-Torah SARAH Ishmael Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob/Israel Esau Muhammad (the last prophet) Quran and the Five Pillars of Islam Mecca (Muslims)
More informationMuslim Civilization Section 1
Muslim Civilization Section 1 Muslim Civilization Section 1 Click the icon to play Listen to History audio. Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps. Muslim Civilization Section 1 Main Idea
More informationAs I Enter. Think about: Agenda: Holy Quotes! You decide- is it from the bible, the Torah, or the Quran?
As I Enter Think about: Holy Quotes! You decide- is it from the bible, the Torah, or the Quran? Agenda: Notes on Islam Notes on Judaism Jerusalem Timeline Quotations from Holy Books Determine whether the
More informationTHE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I
THE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET From Mecca in modern day Saudi Arabia Muhammad was a middle aged merchant who claimed the Angel Gabriel asked him to recite the word of God. As a Merchant,
More informationTHE ARAB EMPIRE. AP World History Notes Chapter 11
THE ARAB EMPIRE AP World History Notes Chapter 11 The Arab Empire Stretched from Spain to India Extended to areas in Europe, Asia, and Africa Encompassed all or part of the following civilizations: Egyptian,
More informationSection 3. Objectives
Objectives Describe the role of trade in Muslim civilization. Identify the traditions that influenced Muslim art, architecture, and literature. Explain the advances Muslims made in centers of learning.
More informationTHE CHRONOLOGY OF THE POST-CLASSICAL PERIOD (P. 108) 1. What did the end of the classical era and the end of the post-classical era have in common?
600 CE 800 CE Name: Due Date: Unit III: The Postclassical Period, 500-1450: New Faith and New Commerce & Chapter 6 Reading Guide The First Global Civilization: The Rise of Spread of Islam THE CHRONOLOGY
More informationChapter 9 1. Explain why Islam is considered more than a religion, but rather a way of life?
Chapters 9-18 Study Guide Review Chapter 9 1. Explain why Islam is considered more than a religion, but rather a way of life? The Quran and the Sunnah guide Muslims on how to live their lives. 2. What
More informationIn the emperor formally dedicated a new capital for the Roman Empire He called the city It became widely known as
Chapter 6 Fill-in Notes THE BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC EMPIRES Overview Roman Empire collapses in the West The Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Empire a blending of the and cultures which influenced
More informationThe Islamic Empires Chapter 11
The Islamic Empires Chapter 11 Islam arose in the Arabian peninsula in the early 600 s Mecca Medina- Jerusalem Caliph-successor to Muhammad Divisions grow -->who should rule after Muhammad's death Sunni
More informationSSWH 5. Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD.
SSWH 5 Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD. SSWH 5 A Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic
More informationMuslim Armies Conquer Many Lands
Main deas 1. Muslim armies conquered many lands into which slam slowly spread. 2. Trade helped slam spread into new areas. 3. A mix of cultures was one result of slam's spread. 4. slamic influence encouraged
More informationRise and Spread of Islam
Rise and Spread of Islam I. Byzantine Regions A. Almost entirely Christian by 550 CE B. Priests and monks numerous - needed much money and food to support I. Byzantine Regions C. Many debates about true
More informationUNIT 3 -CHAPTER 9: THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND AFRICA
UNIT 3 -CHAPTER 9: THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND AFRICA INTRODUCTION In this chapter you will learn about developments in the Middle East and Africa during the post-classical era. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are
More informationThe Origins of Islam. EQ: How could I compare and contrast the three major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
The Origins of Islam EQ: How could I compare and contrast the three major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? Do you remember Sarah and Isaac? What about Hagar and Ishmael? Hagar and
More informationThe Expansion of Muslim Rule. By Ms. Escalante
The Expansion of Muslim Rule By Ms. Escalante Expansion Under the In 661, the Umayyads family won a power struggle and built a great empire. In less than 100 years, their empire spanned parts of 3 continents-asia,
More informationSection 1. Objectives
Objectives Understand how Muhammad became the prophet of Islam. Describe the teachings of Islam. Explain how Islam helped shape the way of life of its believers. Terms and People Bedouins nomadic herders
More informationFoundations of World Civilization: Notes 21 Islam Copyright Bruce Owen 2009 We left the Mediterranean world with the fall of the western Roman empire
Foundations of World Civilization: Notes 21 Islam Copyright Bruce Owen 2009 We left the Mediterranean world with the fall of the western Roman empire the last nominal emperor of the Western Roman empire,
More informationQuestion of Periodization
Question of Periodization Periodization: AP World History is broken into six chronological periods of study. Period 3(Ch9-16): Regional and Transregional Interactions, c. 600CE to 1450 CE (20% of AP Exam)
More information4. What was the primary international trade route during the Classical period?
Name: Due Date: Unit III: The Postclassical Period, 500-1450: New Faith and New Commerce & Chapter 6 Reading Guide The First Global Civilization: The Rise of Spread of Islam THE WORLD MAP CHANGES 1. The
More informationSSWH 5. Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD.
SSWH 5 Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD. Vocabulary Islam - a monotheistic religion that originated from
More informationSSWH 5. Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD.
SSWH 5 Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD. Vocabulary Islam - a monotheistic religion that originated from
More informationFasting A person must eat only one meal a day, after sunset, every day during the holy month of
What Muslims Believe Islam is a religion, believing in only one God. The Arabic word for God is The holy book for Muslims is the (also spelled Qu ran), which contains the rules for the religion revealed
More informationIslam These are the faiths we ve learned:
Islam These are the faiths we ve learned: Judaism Christianity Hinduism Buddhism Old Testament (Torah) Old & New Test. (Bible) Vedas Yahweh (God) God Brahman Brahman Moses Jesus avatars (Vishnu) Buddha
More informationIslam. Outcomes: The Rise of Islam & Beliefs of Islam
Islam Outcomes: The Rise of Islam & Beliefs of Islam Constructive Response Questions 1. How was the development of Islam similar & different to Christianity? 2. Describe the core beliefs of a Muslim: What
More informationIslam emerges on the scene
Graphic Organizer The prophet Muhammad gains followers as he shares the new religion. He becomes both a political and religious leader. Leaders who follow him were known as caliphs, and their kingdoms
More informationAbu Bakr: Caliph: Caliphate: Sunni: Shiite: Sufis: Dhimmis: Umayyads: Abbasids: Terms, People, and Places
Abu Bakr: Caliph: Caliphate: Sunni: Shiite: Sufis: Dhimmis: Umayyads: Abbasids: Terms, People, and Places Lesson Objectives Explain how Muslims were able to conquer many lands. Identify the divisions that
More informationEssential Question: What were the important contributions of Muslim scholars during the Islamic Empire?
Essential Question: What were the important contributions of Muslim scholars during the Islamic Empire? Warm-Up Question: What are the Five Pillars of Islam? What is a caliph? Why did the division between
More informationMk AD
Mk 2018 The Rise of the Arab Islamic Empire 622AD - 1450 610AD The Arabian Peninsula: Muhammad, age 40 has visions and revelations he claimed came from God. These revelations were written down by friends.
More informationISLAM Festivities Ending Ramadan Microsoft Encarta 2006.
ISLAM Three of the great religions of the world have a number of things in common. These religions are one-god centered. They worship a personal God. Two of them, Christianity and Islam, stem from the
More informationUnit Three. The Middle East and Asia in the Medieval Age
Unit Three The Middle East and Asia in the Medieval Age The Rise of Islam Chapter 10 Rise of Islam - Terms 1. Muhammad born into a powerful Meccan family, spent time alone in prayer & meditation; at the
More informationChapter 4: The Spread of Islam
Chapter 4: The Spread of Islam Objectives of this Unit: You will learn how Islam spread initially after Muhammad s death. You will learn how conquest and trade led to the spread of Islam, blending of cultures,
More information7 th Grade History. Chapter 1: The Tools of History. What are latitude and longitude? Hemispheres? (know equator and prime meridian)
Name 7 th Grade History Chapter 1: The Tools of History 1.1 Geography of the World (p.8-13) What is geography? Landforms and bodies of water Continents Weather vs. climate 1.2 Mapping the World (p.14-21)
More informationThe Rise of. Chap. 13 Lesson 2
The Rise of Chap. 13 Lesson 2 OBJECTIVES Explore the development and spread of Islam. Evaluate how trade affected Muslim ideas. Identify Muslims achievements. Key Content Most people on the dry Arabian
More information10. What was the early attitude of Islam toward Jews and Christians?
1. Which of the following events took place during the Umayyad caliphate? a. d) Foundation of Baghdad Incorrect. The answer is b. Muslims conquered Spain in the period 711 718, during the Umayyad caliphate.
More informationChristianity & Islam.
Islam 1 1. Compare and contrast the development of Christianity & Islam. 2. Describe the core beliefs of a Muslim. 2 1. Origin of Islam 2. Core beliefs of Islam 3. Connections to Judaism & Christianity
More informationAP World History Chapter 11 Notes
AP World History Chapter 11 Notes Even after the Arab Empire fell apart, the Islamic civilization continued to grow Major areas of Muslim expansion: India, Anatolia, West Africa, and Spain Islam brought
More information3 Major Monotheistic Religions
3 Major Monotheistic Religions the Abrahamic Religions Monotheism a belief in one god The 3 major monotheistic religions are: Judaism Christianity Islam Overview All 3 monotheistic religions view Jerusalem
More informationMUSLIM WORLD. Honors World Civilizations, Chapter 10
MUSLIM WORLD Honors World Civilizations, Chapter 10 THIS CHAPTER OVERALL 3 sections: Rise of Islam Islam Expands Muslim Culture Your jobs: Take notes Participate Ask questions MUSLIM WORLD TODAY? Where
More informationIslam. Islam-Its Origins. The Qur an. The Qur an. A.D. 570 Muhammad was born
Islam Islam is Arabic for surrender, or submission. Its full connotation is the peace that comes from surrendering one s life to God. Muslim means one who submits. 20% of the world s population Indonesia-88%
More informationand the Shi aa muslins What I need to know:
What I need to know: Explain the origins of Islam. Analyze how Islam spread across the Arabian Peninsula. Examine the split between the Sunni Muslims and the Shi aa muslins Born around 570 CE o Into a
More informationThe Muslim World
The Muslim World 600-1650 Deserts, Towns, and Travelers The Arabian Peninsula was the crossroads of three continents: Africa, Europe, and Asia. Only a tiny strip of fertile land in the south and a few
More informationBig Idea Islam emerges in the Arabian Peninsula. Essential Question What are the beliefs of Islam?
Big Idea Islam emerges in the Arabian Peninsula. Essential Question What are the beliefs of Islam? 1 Words To Know Islam a monotheistic religion that emerged in the Arabian Peninsula (Middle East) in the
More informationCapital = Constantinople Continued as the New ROME Kings saw themselves to still be considered ROMAN emperors
Capital = Constantinople Continued as the New ROME Kings saw themselves to still be considered ROMAN emperors Constantinople Survived because it was far away from the Germanic tribe invasions It was the
More informationLesson 24 The Origins and Spread of Islam Setting the Stage - Islam in Medieval Times
Lesson 24 The Origins and Spread of Islam Setting the Stage - Islam in Medieval Times If you could zoom out a satellite picture of the Arabian Peninsula to see the surrounding land, you would find that
More informationUnit 3. World Religions
Unit 3 World Religions Growth of Islam uislam developed from a combination of ideas from the Greeks, Romans, Persians, Indians, and Byzantines to create its own specialized civilization. ØEarly in Islamic
More informationUnit: The Rise and Spread of Islam
Unit: The Rise and Spread of Islam Lesson Title: The Cultural Achievements of Muslims (See textbook pages 94-98) Muslims over the centuries made important advances in science, literature, and art. They
More information3. Who was the founding prophet of Islam? a. d) Muhammad b. c) Abraham c. a) Ali d. b) Abu Bakr
1. Which of the following events took place during the Umayyad caliphate? a. d) Foundation of Baghdad b. c) Establishment of the Delhi sultanate c. a) Crusader conquest of Jerusalem d. b) Conquest of Spain
More informationThe Muslim World. Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals
The Muslim World Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals SSWH12 Describe the development and contributions of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. 12a. Describe the development and geographical extent of the
More informationMuslim Empires Chapter 19
Muslim Empires 1450-1800 Chapter 19 AGE OF GUNPOWDER EMPIRES 1450 1800 CHANGED THE BALANCE OF POWER This term applies to a number of states, all of which rapidly expanded during the late 15th and over
More informationWarm-Up: 10/2 Quotations from Holy Books
Warm-Up: 10/2 Quotations from Holy Books Each statement below comes from a Holy Book. Indicate whether you think the source of each statement is: (A)the Old Testament; (B)the New Testament; (C)the Qur
More informationThe Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Lands
G E O G R A P H Y C H A L L E N G E The Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Lands 20 W 0 20 E FRANCE 40 N W SPAIN Cordoba N E Rome Tripoli Constantinople Athens Alexandria Cairo EGYPT Samarkand Antioch PERSIA
More informationThis chapter will focus on Mohammad, the beliefs of Muslims, and the Islamic empires that ruled from North Africa to India.
Chapter Introduction Chapter Introduction This chapter will focus on Mohammad, the beliefs of Muslims, and the Islamic empires that ruled from North Africa to India. Section 1: The Rise of Islam Section
More informationChapter 10: From the Crusades to the New Muslim Empires
Chapter 10: From the Crusades to the New Muslim Empires Guiding Question: How did the Crusades affect the lives of Christians, Muslims, and Jews? Name: Due Date: Period: Overview: The Crusades were a series
More informationAccomplishments of Islam. By: Kaddie Hanson, Arianna Ramirez, and Zandra Stewart
Accomplishments of Islam By: Kaddie Hanson, Arianna Ramirez, and Zandra Stewart The Golden Age of Islam The Abbasid caliphate from 7501258 CE Was known as the Golden Age because Muslim scholars developed
More informationIslam Notes. What have I learned? Muhammad traveled in such caravans between Mecca and Medina on behalf of his merchant uncle.
Islam Notes The Roots of Islam Islam began on the Arabian Peninsula. 3 Influences on Islam 1. Zoroastrianism 2. Judaism 3. Nestorian Christianity Bedouins were desert dwellers known for their great survival
More information11/22/15. Chapter 8, Part I
Chapter 8, Part I 224-651 1 3 rd century Iran Established by Ardashir Last pre-islamic heir to Persian Empire Successful maintenance of empire Money and military Hired Arab nomads to help protect borders
More informationProblems are not stop signs, they are guidelines. --- Robert H. Schuller. #4.8 The Spread of Islam
Name: Due Date: #4.8 The Spread of Islam Aim: How did Islam spread throughout the world? REVIEW: The Religion of Islam The religion of Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula in the A.D. 600s by a man named
More informationHinduism and Buddhism Develop
Name CHAPTER 3 Section 2 (pages 66 71) Hinduism and Buddhism Develop BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about the Hittites and the Aryans. In this section, you will learn about the roots of
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 1 The Rise and Expansion of the Ottoman Empire ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What factors help unify an empire? How can the creation of a new empire impact the people and culture of a region? Reading HELPDESK
More information