Book: Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History by Robert D. Kaplan (ISBN )

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1 1 AP European History Summer Reading Study Guide Book: Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History by Robert D. Kaplan (ISBN ) To the AP European history classes for : As this school year comes to an end, it s exciting to think about next year. Summer is a time to relax and rejuvenate, but it is also a time to prepare for the following year. We accepted you because you are all high achievers and showed on your application that you had a real desire to take this course. This summer assignment is very important, and you should give it a real priority in between having fun. People ask all the time what the key is to do well in this class. The answer is very simple time and discipline. Setting a time each day to devote to AP European history will enable you to do well in this class because you can never fall behind. Falling behind in this class is actually the worst thing that can happen. Odd as it may seem, if you are behind after the second test, the likelihood is that you ll never catch up. Beginning the AP discipline this summer will help you immeasurably when we return to school in August. I m asking you to read Balkan Ghosts by Robert D. Kaplan, and I also want you to read the three articles I have included in your packet. In addition I want you to be knowledgeable about the map of the Balkans as well as the map of Europe. Map study is important. You can find maps of Europe online, and I ll give you test on it in the first few days of school. You should know countries and capitals, rivers, oceans, seas and rivers. I ve included a list to know. In addition, I want you to memorize the language families and religions. I ve included that in the packet as well. Once you ve read the book and the articles, I d like you to consider the description of the Balkans as the powder keg of Europe. The Balkan Wars of the early 20 th century kicked off World War I in The creation of the country of Yugoslavia happened after World War I and lasted to the late 1980s when the independent nations emerged again. I want you to learn about the various ethnicities (culture, language, religions, blood feuds etc.,) and then analyze why the creation of Yugoslavia was a wasted idea doomed to fail, and why there is a good chance that the Balkans still are the powder keg of Europe. I want you to become familiar with and include the ideology of Slavophilism. (The author of the article, Nicholai Berdyaev, was born in Ukraine in 1874 and died in exile in France in He was a religious and political philosopher who became a Marxist and then reverted back to Christianity.) Now you will write your essay. Historical essays are different than essays in English in that since history by definition happened in the past, the essay should be written in the past tense. Your introductory paragraph should provide an overview of the topic and lead into a specific thesis. The subsequent paragraphs will prove the thesis by utilizing specific examples. I want you to give your best effort on this assignment. Be careful with grammar, punctuation and spelling. The essay should be 3 5 pages in length, and it should be typed and double-spaced. (Notice! I said 3-5 not 1 or 2 but 3-5 pages. ) Do not use lots of quotes from sources. Read and then put everything in your own words. That s what you ll be doing on all the essays in this class, so practice now. This assignment is your first major assignment and

2 2 it counts a great deal. It will be your first grade. The map, religions and language families test will be your second grade. The question you will answer is as follows The nineteenth century ideology of Slavophilism led to the creation of the country of Yugoslavia in Analyze the reasons why Yugoslavia was created and how the multi-ethnic cultures of the Balkans, including languages, religions and blood feuds led to the country s demise in the late 1980s. Give specific examples from Balkan Ghosts and the other articles to prove your point. Once again, write in the past tense, and write in the third person. The words I and You should NEVER appear in an essay. I am very excited about having all of you in class. If you have any questions about the summer assignment, CALL ME (478) LEAVE A MESSAGE and I ll call you back. Or, you can me at carol.lanier@stratford.org or carolgoodenough@hotmail.com. But, don t call me the week before school starts and ask me what you should do if you haven t done the summer work. It s too late at that point for me to help you. Ms. Brogdon won t have much sympathy either and is not likely to let you out of the class. In applying for this class in the spring, you gave your word of honor that you committed to take this class. Remember what I said in the first paragraph. Discipline is the key. I suggest you spend ten minutes a day going over language families and religions. They will get imbedded in your mind a little at a time, and you won t have to review very much before the first test. I want you to do your absolute best in this class, and I will help you in any way I can. You seem like a GREAT GROUP to me! Enjoy the summer.be happy, be healthy, and be safe. Carol Lanier May 2016

3 3 AP MODERN EUROPEAN HISTORY SUMMER MAP SEAS ATLANTIC OCEAN Norwegian Sea Baltic Sea North Sea Irish Sea Mediterranean Sea Sea of Marmara Sea of Azov Black Sea White Sea Ionian Sea Aegean Sea Sea of Crete Adriatic Sea Tyrrehnian Sea Strait of Messina Strait of Dover English Channel Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Bosporus Barents Sea

4 4 Bay of Biscay Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gulf of Lions Gulf of Taranto PENINSULAS Crimean Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula Jutland Peninsula Kola Peninsula Apennine Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Iberian Peninsula Anatolian Peninsula Gallipoli Peninsula RIVERS Loire Marne Rhone Seine Rhine Danube Elbe Vistula

5 5 Don Dniester Dnieper Volga Arno Po MOUNTAINS Pyrenees Apennines Balkans Carpathians Alps Urals Caucasus COUNTRIES- CAPITALS, MAJOR CITIES Iceland (Rejkyavik) Ireland (Dublin) Northern Ireland (Belfast United Kingdom Scotland (Edinburgh) England (London) Wales, Manchester, Cardiff Portugal (Lisbon) Spain (Madrid, Barcelona, Grenada)

6 6 France (Paris, Britanny, Normandy, Marseilles) Monaco (Monte Carlo) Italy (Rome, Milan, Venice, Florence, Genoa, Naples) Belgium (Brussels, Antwerp) Luxembourg (Luxembourg) Liechtenstein (Vaduz) Austria (Vienna, Salzburg) Hungary (Budapest) Romania (Bucharest, Transylvania- where the vampires live) Bulgaria (Sofia) Slovenia ((Ljubljana) Croatia (Zagreb) Albania (Tirana) Macedonia (Skopje) Montenegro (Podgorica) Bosnia and Herzogovina (Sarajevo) Serbia (Belgrade) Turkey (Ankara, Istanbul= Constantinople) Ukraine (Kiev) Poland (Warsaw) Belarus (Minsk) Czech Republic (Prague) Republic of Slovakia (Bratislava) (Bohemia area of the Hapsburg Empire that is now the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia Germany (Berlin)

7 7 Lithuania (Vilnius, also known as Vilna) Latvia (Riga) Estonia (Talinn) Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are known as the Baltic countries Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands are known as the Low Countries Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg) Finland (Helsinki) Sweden (Stockholm) Norway (Oslo) Denmark (Copenhagen) Vatican City San Marino Switzerland (Bern, Geneva) Andorra Corsica Sardinia Sicily (Palermo) Crete Cyprus Baleric Islands Malta I have given you practice maps, and you can get more online. In addition to the flashcards, practice filling out the map itself. Test yourself by taking a blank map and then going down the list. The test on the MAP will be on the second day of school.

8 8 LANGUAGE FAMILIES OF EUROPE BALTIC LANGUAGES: Latvian (Lettish), Lithuanian. The religion of Latvia is Protestant (Lutheran,) and the dominant religion of Lithuania is Roman Catholic. CELTIC LANGUAGES: Irish (Gaelic,) Welsh, Cornish, Manx (spoken on the Isle of Man,) Scottish Gaelic. The dominant religion of the Republic of Ireland is Roman Catholic. The dominant religion of Northern Ireland is Protestant. Although Celtic languages are still used, the dominant language in all these areas is English GERMANIC LANGUAGES German (spoken in Germany, Austria, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and parts of Switzerland,) Danish (spoken in Denmark,) Icelandic (spoken in Iceland,) Norwegian (spoken in Norway,) Swedish (spoken in Sweden,) Dutch (spoken in the Netherlands,) Yiddish (spoken by Ashkenazic European Jews a dying language), Flemish (spoken in Belgium and parts of northern France,) Frisian (spoken in the West and North Frisian islands,) and English (spoken all over the world now) England. Germany (northern Germany is Protestant (Lutheran,) southern Germany is Roman Catholic. Austria= Roman Catholic, Luxembourg= Roman Catholic, Denmark= Protestant (Lutheran,) Iceland =Protestant (Lutheran,) Norwegian = Protestant (Lutheran) Swedish= Protestant (Lutheran,) The Netherlands = Protestant (Calvinist Protestant,) Belgium = Roman Catholic, Switzerland = Calvinist Protestant and Roman Catholic. England is the Church of England (Protestant Episcopal.) ITALIC LANGUAGES sometimes known as Romance (Romantic) or Romanic Italian is spoken in Italy and parts of Switzerland, Romanian is spoken in Romania, Sardinian is spoken in Sardinia, Catalan is spoken in Spain, French is spoken in France and part of Switzerland, Ladino is a mixture of Hebrew and Spanish and is spoken by Sephardic Jews another dying language, Portuguese is spoken in Portugal, Spanish is spoken in Spain, Sicilian is spoken in Sicily and has a few Greek and Arab words mixed in. The dominant religion of all these places except for Romania is Roman Catholic. In Romania, the dominant religion is Eastern Orthodox. GREEK Modern Greek is spoken in Greece and Cyprus. The dominant religion is Eastern (Greek) Orthodox. TURKIC Language family part of the Altaic Languages Turkish is spoken in Turkey. The dominant religion is Islam

9 9 SLAVIC LANGUAGE FAMILY Belarusian (White Russian) spoken in Belarus, Russian is spoken in Russia, Ukrainian is spoken in Ukraine, Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria, Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia, Serbo-Croatian is spoken in Serbia and Croatia, Slovenian is spoken in Slovenia, Czech is spoken in the Czech Republic, Slovak is spoken in The Republic of Slovakia, Polish is spoken in Poland. The dominant religion of Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Serbia is the Eastern Orthodox Church. The dominant religion of Croatia, Slovakia and Slovenia and Poland is Roman Catholicism. The Czech Republic traditionally has been Roman Catholic. THRACO-ILLYRIAN LANGUAGE FAMILY Albanian is spoken in Albania where the dominant religion is Islam URALIC LANGUAGE FAMILY Finnish (SUOMI) is spoken in Finland, Estonian is spoken in Estonia, and Hungarian (MAGYAR) is spoken in Hungary. The dominant religion in Finland is Protestant (Lutheran,) the dominant religions of Estonia are Protestant (Lutheran) and Eastern Orthodox. The dominant religion in Hungary is Roman Catholicism. MAP and ARTICLES MAP can be found at Slavophilism and the Slavic Idea,N. A. Berdyaev (1915): Lecture I: Geography and ethnic geography of the Balkans to