List of Tables. List of Figures

Transcription

1 Contents List of Tables List of Figures xvii xix Introduction The Value of Inscriptions in the Study of Antiquity The Interpretation of Inscriptions The Scope of This Introduction The Making of Inscriptions The Quarrying of the Stone The Manufacture of the Monument The Drafting of the Text The Transcription of the Text The Engraving of the Text The Cost of Engraving Errors in the Exemplar or Draft Errors in the Act of Transcribing Errors in the Act of Engraving Ancient Corrections and Additions The Fate of Inscriptions Forgeries Bibliographic References and Searches Standard Epigraphical Series Overview of This Introduction 23

2 x Contents Part 1. General Matters 1 Editorial Sigla The Numbering of Lines and the Vertical Bar ( ) Lacunae: Dashes and Dots ([---], [...]) Spaces Left Blank by the Inscriber: Superscript V, Vac., or Vacat Doubtful Readings: Subscript Dots (α,β, etc.) Additions and Substitutions by the Editor: The Use of Angular Brackets ( ) Suppressions by the Editor: Brace Brackets ( ) Resolutions of Abbreviations and Ligatures: Parentheses () Rasures: Double Square Brackets ( ) Reading Clear, Interpretation Unknown: Capital Letters Parts Read Earlier Now Missing: Underlining Restorations: Square Brackets ([ ]) Other Editorial Abbreviations 39 2 Paleography, Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numerals Historical Overview of Letter Forms Dating Inscriptions according to Paleography The Stoichedon Style Punctuation The Development of Abbreviations Methods of Abbreviation Numerals Acrophonic Numerals Alphabetic Numerals 61 3 Inscriptions as Archaeological Artifacts The Role of Squeezes and Photographs Making Epigraphical Squeezes Equipment Technique Reading Squeezes Scanning and Digitizing Squeezes 73 4 The Onomastics and Prosopography of Greek Names Inventories of Greek Names 74

3 Contents xi The Giving of Names The Classification of Names Theophoric Names Simple Theophoric Names: Primitive and Derived Compound Theophoric Names Theophoric Names Terminating in -δωρος Nontheophoric Names Simple Nontheophoric Names: Primitive and Derived Compound Nontheophoric Names Nontheophoric Names Terminating in -δωρος Geographical Specificity of Names Names Attested in Colonies Jewish Names Ethnics Used as Names Chronology and Names The Patronymic, Papponymic, and Matronymic The Ethnic The Demotic Surnames Greek Names of Women Slaves of Greek Masters Methodological Considerations Prosopography The Onomastics and Prosopography of Roman Names in Greek Inscriptions Overview The Nomen Gentilicium The Praenomen The Cognomen The Decline of the Praenomen and the Return to a Binominal System The Agnomen Roman Names of Women Slaves of Roman Masters Roman Names of Freedmen Distinguishing between Free Men, Freedmen, and Slaves 129

4 xii Contents The Transliteration of Latin Names into Greek The Abbreviation of Praenomina Naming and Titular Conventions of Roman Emperors Calendars, Eras, and the Dating of Inscriptions Eponymous Dating Lunar and Lunisolar Calendars The Naming of the Months The Counting of the Days Roman Calendars The Syro-Macedonian, Egyptian, and Ptolemaic Calendars Calendars of the Hellenistic Kingdoms and Eastern Roman Provinces Dating according to Eras Dating Inscriptions That Are Not Self-Dated 176 Part 2. The Nature of Greek Inscriptions 7 The Classification of Greek Inscriptions Decrees, Laws, Treaties, and Official Letters Honorific Decrees, Proxeny Decrees, and Honorific Inscriptions Dedications and Ex-votos Prose and Metrical Funerary Inscriptions Manumission Inscriptions Other Legal Instruments of Common Law Boundary Stones Milestones Herms Sacred Laws Other Sacred Inscriptions Inscriptions on Public and Private Works and Buildings Accounts and Catalogues Inscriptions on Portable Objects Quarry and Masons Marks Inscriptions in Metal Graffiti Artists Signatures 208

5 Contents xiii 8 Decrees The Passage of Decrees The Structure of Decrees Invocation: ΘΕΟΙ The Dating of the Decree Formal Mover of the Motion Preamble Enactment Formulae Citation of Formal Motion Amendments Directions concerning Engraving Abbreviated Decrees Treaties Honorific Decrees, Proxeny Decrees, and Honorific Inscriptions The General Structure of Honorific Decrees Consolation Decrees and Indirect Honorary Inscriptions Proxeny Decrees Honorific Inscriptions Crowns The Erection of Statues Dedications and Ex-votos The Form The Dedicator The Deity The Object of Dedication Ex-votos Funerary Inscriptions Formulae Used in Funerary Inscriptions The Preparation of Epitaphs, Sarcophagi, Tombs, and Funerary Altars Motive and Expressions of Endearment Encouragement and Consolation Curses on Tomb Violators Fines for Tomb Violators Annual Commemorative Rites 276

6 xiv Contents Jewish Epitaphs Christian Epitaphs Manumission Inscriptions Manumission in the Hellenistic World Manumission by Last Will and Testament Manumission by Dedication to a God Manumission by Fictive Sale to a Third Party Sacral Manumission Conditional and Unconditional Manumission 297 Part 3. Selected Topics 13 Magistrates, Other Functionaries, and the Government of the Hellenistic City The Assembly The Council Eponymous Magistrates Magistracies and Magisterial Boards Archons Strategoi Prytaneis Other Magisterial Boards, Offices, and Titles Liturgies Societies Greek Magistracies, Titles, and Offices Roman Administration and Functionaries The Senatorial Cursus Honorum Equestrian Careers Offices Open to Persons below Senatorial and Equestrian Rank The Roman Army Roman Rule in the Provinces Provincial Finances The Colonies, Roman Cities, and Free Cities The Cult of the Emperor Greek Terms for Roman Officials and Offices Orthography Language: The Development of Koine Greek Diphthongs in -ι 347

7 Contents xv Diphthongs in -υ The Convergence of Diphthongs in -ι with Simple Vowels The Convergence of Simple Vowels Stops, Fricatives, and Aspirates Assimilation of Medial and Final ν Omission and Addition of Nasals Use of Movable ν Assimilation of the Preposition ε κ Liquids, Sibilants, and Single and Double Consonants Psilosis Epigrams The Nature of Greek Meter The Rules of Prosody Dactylic Hexameter The Elegiac Distich Iambic Trimeter Irregularities of Meter Currency and Its Commodity Value The Denominations of Greek Currency The Denominations of Roman Currency Regional Currencies The Commodity Value of Roman Currency and Military Pay 373 Appendix: Electronic Tools for Research in Greek Epigraphy 383 Abbreviations of Epigraphical and Related Classical Publications 387 Index of Greek Terms 473 Index of Greek Personal Names 489 Index of Latin Terms 497 Index of Roman Personal Names 501 General Index 505